CN1092728C - 机织织物套 - Google Patents

机织织物套 Download PDF

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CN1092728C
CN1092728C CN98810560A CN98810560A CN1092728C CN 1092728 C CN1092728 C CN 1092728C CN 98810560 A CN98810560 A CN 98810560A CN 98810560 A CN98810560 A CN 98810560A CN 1092728 C CN1092728 C CN 1092728C
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CN1277643A (zh
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R·J·布鲁沙费尔
G·T·利恩
J·R·麦登
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Federal Mogul Systems Protection Group Inc
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Abstract

一种用于保护和覆盖细长基体的机织织物套(16,图1a)是由圆周和纵向延伸交织的纬向构件和经向构件(14a,14b,和12a,12b)而制成。纬向构件延伸过织物以形成与非柔软性带隔开的、圆周延伸交替的相对柔软性带。纬向构件可以包括交替的大的和小的直径的单纤维丝或复丝,并且可包括金属线,尤其是弹性金属线,可热定型材料,其中包括适合于金属丝的聚酯丝和具有可弹性定芯轴部的DREF纱线。利用纱罗和充纱罗组织使纬向构件可相互固定。织物可直接织为闭合的管状套成机织平幅织物并折叠成套的形式。

Description

机织织物套
本发明涉及用于一些工业应用如软管,线材,管件和类似的基体的保护或绝缘包覆材料的机织织物套,本发明尤其涉及的是柔软、贴合的机织织物套。
发明背景
机织织物套被广泛地用来在众多的物品上构成一种保护或绝缘层。例如,机织材料的套常常固装在电线束的支线上,以把各个线成束在一起,从而保护电线以防止磨损,这种磨损会损坏绝缘体或导电体,并导致短路或断路。另一普通应用是作为热管的绝缘体,如已知应用在汽车排气管或动力设备蒸汽管线中。执行绝缘作用的一些套一般是由绝缘线或长纤维丝机织或编织而成,并且常常与一些覆盖层,薄模或薄片叠合,这样能够增加其绝缘性能,例如提供一种阻挡红外线辐射的反射表面。当然,机织织物被广泛地用于保护具有除了管状的其它一些形状的基体。
机织织物在制造方面是比较经济的并且已知被广泛的用于防护覆盖领或,因为机织织物提供有稳定和耐用的薄膜结构,这是由于构成织物的经线和纬线相互垂直取向的结果。然而,机织织物的相互垂直取向也会导致不利的抑制柔软性和贴合性。例如,当与编织织物比较时,机织织物的相互垂直织物结构不够柔软或贴合。这就很显然地需要对机织织物得增加柔软性和贴合性,由此不仅使机织织物具有稳定性和坚固性以及易于加工的固有特性,而且与编织织物相比具有增加的柔软性和贴合性。本发明的简要说明和目的
与传统的套相比,本发明提供一种具有增加了柔软性和贴合性的机织织物套。根据本发明,套的相对柔软性的控制是通过与相邻非柔软性区域隔开的、交替变化的圆周延伸的单向的相对柔软性区来提供的。相对柔软区域作为一些支枢点,绕着其支枢点,相对柔软区域以略微类似于波纹形或回旋状管材的凸凹方式旋转。
机织织物作为一般由许多第一相互平行排列的纤维丝构件并与第一纤维丝构件相互垂直取向(90°)的许多第二纤维丝构件交织在一起而构成的。为在此后便于使用,术语纤维丝构件或构件常常用来意指金属丝,线,或是加捻或是放在一起的纱线,单纤维丝和上述材料的组合物,包括由DREF工艺而形成的纱线。尽管弹性金属丝有时有可能用作套管,而在使用单纤维丝处,一般最好是用相对有弹性的工程塑料材料。尤其较好的是单纤维丝具有大于3250MN/M2(50,000psi)的弹性模量,而最好达到约13000MN/M2(200,000psi)弹性模量。典型的单纤维丝材料包括聚酯,芳族聚合物,如在商标凯夫拉尔(Kevlar)下出售的尼龙6和尼龙6/6。
在一种简单的1/1平纹组织中,经向纤维丝构件在一交替花纹组织中在纬向纤维丝构件之上和之下横越过,即为把一给定的经纱在一特定的纬向纤维丝构件之上横越过,相邻的经向纤维丝构件将在其特定的纬向纤维丝构件之下横越过,由此把纬向纤维丝构件锁定在适当位置上。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种比较于传统的机织织物套而具有提高了柔软性和贴合性的机织织物套。本发明的另一目的是提供一种机织织物相对刚性受到控制的机织织物套。
根据本发明的目的,用于保护和覆盖细长基体的机织织物套包括一种机织织物,该织物具有相互垂直交织的纬向构件和经向构件,其在套上圆周和纵向延伸排列,其特征是所述的经向构件或所述的纬向构件形成有与非柔软性带隔开的、圆周延伸交替的相对柔软性带。
在机织织物中,艺术填充(fill)构件也称之为纬向(weft)构件,并且在本说明书中,术语“fill”和“weft”交替使用。
在本发明的一个实施例中,提高机织织物的管状套的柔软性是通过利用交替的小的直径和大的直径的纬向纤维丝构件而实现的,由此在小直径纤维丝构件的位置上产生相对的空隙。这些相对的空隙对于相对大的直径纤维丝构件来说起着支枢点的作用,其结果是增加了套中织物的柔软性和贴合性。用于纬向中的纤维丝构件可以是相对刚性的或是非刚性的。作为产生一种自锁保护套的方法,纬纱中在一些预定的区域可使用一些能热收缩的单纤维丝。
尽管根据本发明的这个实施例的管状套最好是在圆织机上制造,但生产平幅织物的传统织机也可使用,并且其平幅织物可混有能够热定型的单纤维丝或可塑的金属线。在使用可热定型的单纤维丝的地方,单纤维丝是在一个芯轴上热定型以形成一种管状套。DREF纱线由作为芯部的聚酯单纤维丝和作为外层的纺制的短纤维聚酯组成,该DREF纱线具有由于复丝的变形、耐擦性和可热定型的特性。平幅织物可便利的用在如把薄片或薄膜施加到一个或两个表面上而成层叠的套的产品中。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,产品中的一些支枢点是通过利用一个尺寸直径纬向纱线和一个间歇卷取系统而提供的。波纹效果是通过在织物纵向的预定不连续的位置上堆积一些纬纱而产生的。这个实施例具有使其能够符合特定弯曲部分要求的特性。利用间歇的堆积系统可便于波纹在预定位置处并入。经向纱线可以是加捻玻璃纤维,而纬向纱线可以是适于玻璃纤维的金属丝。在一种实例产品中,四个纬线在卷取进程之前置于织物上,这样产生了由单纬线而隔离开的纤维丝束。套可由具有这种结构的平幅织物生产并可卷起,以致形成具有侧开口的管状制品。
在各个实施例中,较大和较小直径纬向构件的交替的构造结果形成一种具有较大和较小相对柔软性交替的相邻区域的织物。在大的直径纤维构件之间的区域便于具有大直径纤维构件的区域的相对枢轴运动,这是由于织物有更快速的以较小刚性区域为轴旋转的倾向,即它比均匀直径纬向纤维丝构件织造的一般织物而变得更加柔软和贴合。
在另外一实施例中,套织物具有成对组合的经向构件,每一经向构件具有一个邻接的经向构件。纬向构件与经向构件交织,但在每一纬向构件之间,经向构件对是相互绕着被加捻,实际上,省去了一些交替的纬向构件,并且在纬向构件之间其经向构件的分离减少几乎到零。在本领域中其称之为罗纱型组织。在该组织中,相对较大刚性的区域在织物中沿着纬向构件而形成,在此处经向构件横越过,而相对较小刚性区域是在纬向构件之间的间隙中形成,在此处间隙构件对是被加捻在一起。纬向构件之间的空隙起支点作用,其结果形成柔软织物,该织物容易与复杂外形相贴合。支枢点的相对效果能够通过调节外形构件尺寸来增大或减小。纬纱构件尺寸是通过使用预定直径的单纱或是把成对均匀线束增加到纬纱构件所希望的有效直径来设定的。
本发明的另一实施例包括利用充纱罗织造工艺交织纤维丝构件,其充罗纱织造工艺是把经向纱线置于具有穿插空隙的组中,其把纬向纱线以间隔关系锁定在适当的位置上,由此提供一种纱罗织物的柔软织物结构特征而无需加捻经向构件。
使用具有增加柔软性和贴合性而生产的套被有利的用于工业用途如用于覆盖管件,金属线和其它管状基体。利用本发明使用的教导,套的相对刚性能够被控制,从而生产一种满足于特定弯曲部分的柔软织物套,并且在要求柔软性的预定区域之处加入柔软性。
现已发现相对于套的纵向轴给经向构件一螺旋转动可减小套的刚性,这是因为当套弯曲成弧形时,螺旋延伸经向构件被偏心地加载压缩和张力(沿其中心线无加载)。偏心加载导致在经向构件上有一些附加的弯曲力而不是通常地加压在直的经向构件上,其结果是经向构件在压缩或张力下更容易屈服,这样使得套更加贴合和柔软。
上述的所有实施例,以及结合本发明原理的其它一些实施例尤其适合与其它材料如薄膜,薄片覆盖物热定型包装材料层叠在一起。当被层叠时,根据本发明的套发现比传统的类似层叠的套更加柔软和贴合。这就对例如层叠有反射红外辐射金属薄片的绝缘套更加有利。薄片的刚性影响由被增加的机织织物基体的柔软性而被补偿,而产生的贴合套既有良好的绝缘特征又增加了柔软性,但传统机织织物制作的层叠套而不能达到这样性质。在另一实例中,根据本发明的与可热定型经纱层叠的机织织物套是易于贴合弯曲形状,例如管弯头,然后热定型成该形状。机织织物被增加的柔软性和贴合性提供了一种良好的覆盖层,对复杂的形状易于调节和固定。
在本发明的各实施例中,经向和纬向构件可包括各种任何纤维,纱线或长丝的纤维丝构件。例如,经向中的变形聚酯复丝线与一些材料如单纤维丝聚酯或在有良好效果纬纱中的DREF纱线相结合。玻璃纤维纱线也可使用,以及适合于玻璃纤维的金属丝。如本领域所已知的,全部或部分复丝织造的套可涂覆或浸有一些覆盖层。为了消除静电用途,例如,使用由合股铜线制成的导电纬向构件以避免不希望有的静电荷的产生。可热收缩构件尤其有益于作为热收缩套产品中的纬向构件。
在上述实施例中,纬向构件有圆周上的延伸并通过其尺寸,材料和分离的柔软性区域限定,在本发明的整个范围内,套可由织物制成,在织物中其经向构件在圆周方向延伸并同样限定柔软性区域。
本发明的上述和其它目的由对本发明下列附图的了解和其最佳实施例的详细描述将会更加清楚。
附图的简要说明
图1为表示根据本发明机织织物套第一实施例的织物结构的横截面侧视图;
图1a是具有图1织物结构的套的透视图;
图1b是本发明套的另一种形式的透视图;
图2为表示根据本发明机织织物套第二实施例的织物结构的横截面侧视图;
图3是用于说明实现本发明不同织物结构的第三实施例的横载面侧视图;
图4是相据本发明形成的套的第四实旋例的另一种织物结构的平面图;
图4a是沿图4的4a-4a所剖的截面图;
图5是类似于图4实施例结构的另一实施例的平面图。
最佳实施例的详细说明
参看图1和1a,图1为构成本发明一实施例的套的1/1平纹组织结构的部分织物10的截面侧视示意图,并且以16示意于图1a中。相邻的经向纱线构件12a和12b与纬向纱线构件14a和14b交织,经向纱线构件12a-12b交替的在纬向纱线构件14a和14b之上和之下穿过。如所看到的,相邻的经向构件对,如12a和12b不会一起在相同的纬向构件之上和之下经过,而是交替通过,12a在一个特定的纬纱,或纬向构件14a之上通过,而12b在其特殊纬向构件之下交替通过。这种花纹组织在整个织物上重复,从而在应有的位置上锁定住纬向构件。值得注意的是,经向构件12a和12b足以代表在图面上相互邻近排列的其它经向构件。
在这种结构的一种形式中,纬向构件14a和14b具有交替的大的和小的直径。尽管可使用各种纤维材料,但这个实施例的一个实例是在一个圆织机上织造,并且经纱上混合有直径为0.25mm(0.010″)的聚酯单纤维丝,纬纱中直径为0.686mm(0.027″)单纤维丝交织于直径为0.25mm(0.010″)单纤维丝。经纱单纤维丝是由两种经纱组成。
另一方面,在第二实施例中,在一个形成直径近似为25.4mm(1″)的套的变化图案中,经纱使用1250旦尼尔的变形聚酯复丝,并分别使用直径为0.686mm(0.027″)和0.25mm(0.010″)的大和小直径的聚酯单纤维丝。由于这些产品是在圆织机上制成,而经向构件基本沿制成的套的纵向延伸,但在经向方向上被引入有少量的螺旋捻回。所获得的套是非常柔软和贴合的。小直径单纤维丝产生相对柔软的圆周区域,与可相对刚性的、大直径单纤维丝隔开。这种结构便于在相对小直径处套的弯曲而无需扭接。玻璃纤维纱线可以代替经线中的聚酯纱。不锈钢线可以代替全部或部分聚酯单纤维丝。
套16可以是层状的,使其例如由一种粘合变形反射薄膜形成一覆盖层18。
第三实施例包括示在图1中的织纹,并在圆织机上织造,其中使用的经线为1250旦尼尔变形聚酯纱线和纬线为直径约为0.635mm(0.025″)的成股的铜丝与1250旦尼尔聚酯线交织铜丝用来消除静电,这种套特别柔软,但缺乏由上述第一和第二实例所提供的圆周刚性。
参看图1b,在上述类似的一种变形中,在传统织机中机织而成的套是由所机织的一种平幅织物而构成,然后将其形成为管状,其是由施加热而被弹性定型的。在所示的实例中,作为纬线的聚酯单纤维丝直径约为2.54mm(0.10″),而平幅织物在一芯轴上被缠绕并且被加热以定型弹性单纤维丝。一侧开口20便于在细长基材上配合套,如在22之处被示出,并便于打开。
现参见图2,它示出了根据本发明的机织织物102的另一实施例,在此处纬向构件26a是由构成一束的许多单个纬向单纤维丝26构成的。成束的纬向单纤维丝26a具有比相邻纬向单纤维丝26b较大的有效直径,其纬向单纤维丝26b最好具有相等于单纤维丝26的直径。图2的织物是利用在织物圆周延伸的不连续位置上随着堆积纬纱的间歇卷取而构成。在利用图2所示的结构实例中,玻璃纤维纱线用于经线,而适合于玻璃纤维的相对可展伸的金属丝用于纬线。在卷取进程之前,把四个纬线置于织物中。套是通过在一传统织机上织造平纹织物而制成的,在将其置于一芯轴上之后,在此它被弯曲以形成一种套,其类似于图1b的套,套的形状通过弯曲的金属丝而会被保持。
应将理解到,套的柔软性是通过在堆积纬线之间变化每英寸上的纬线数目得以控制。
图3示出了根据本发明的机织织物103的第三实施例,在这里纬向构件28通过在经向构件12a和12b中形成的加捻而被分离开,在该实施例中,经向构件12a各与相邻相接构件12b配对。不是在一交替变化的图案如上述实例中与纬向构件交织一起,而是在每纬引入期间,在纬向构件28之上和之下经过之后利用提升和加捻经线的绞综将经向构件对12a和12b相互捻在一起,如所见到的30。这就是所称的纱罗组织的特征,在这里所有其它纬向构件被除去,并且由经向构件捻回30代替。加捻效果保证纬线在适当的地方,并使在每英寸中有较少纬线,从而形成稳定但柔软的织物。在纬向构件之间有加捻的空隙支枢点,其支枢点可使套快速的相符于急弯之上。
尽管可以使用在套形状中固定织物的其它方法,但在纬线可中使用例如利用热定型弹性可定型单纤维丝。一种较好的方法包括用一种B一级环氧树脂涂覆的套材料,并且使环氧树脂干燥,无需焙烘,然后形成具有套状的涂层套材料,并在加热之前焙烘环氧树脂。基于环氧树脂的热定形特性,套材料即使在高温下也保持其形状。在根据所说明的一实例中,所使用的纱线是一种诺梅克斯DREF纱线,并且套是使用纱罗组织制成。这样形成的织物使用一种热熔粘合剂与铝薄片层叠一起,并且沿层材切一定的宽度,然后用环氧树脂涂覆使其彼此靠在一起。
图4和4a中示出了本发明的第四个实施例。套织物104包括有所称的纱罗组织。充纱罗组织把经向构件制成一些组,其组具有一些空隙,该空隙引入,产生一开口织物结构,而没有经向构件的捻回,从而给予增强柔软性。如由图4所示,3个经向构件40的间隔的组包括一相对大直径经向纤维构件40,或较小经向构件的相同束,成对的相对小直径经向纤维丝402,403,经向纤维丝构件与纬线43相织造。在交叉之处,纬线43锁定在3经向纤维丝构件的组之间的适当位置上,对于外侧经向纤维丝构件的每一纬线相对侧上,每组的中间经向纤维丝构件在一交替的上和下图案上穿过,并把纬线以相隔开的形式锁定。相对柔软性的区域是通过确定纬线的间隔而产生的。纬向构件之间间隔能够随要求而变化,以提供具有必要柔软性和贴合性的套。纬向构件可以是弹性可定型的单纤维丝,定型使其织物弹性形成一种套。经向纤维丝构件可以是单纤维丝或上述的任何纱线。
图5示出了本发明的第五实施例,其包括一个具有织物构件103的套。织物结构类似于图4和4a,其中使用充纱罗组织。在织物103中经向构件44包括一组三纤维构件441,442,443,其中每构件是由变形聚酯复丝构成,纬线是一种DREF纱线46,其由聚酯单纤维丝组成,在其单纤维丝上面纺有短纤维。如在图中所看到的,尽管可使用较大或较小构件,线46是以两个相隔开组放置。这样构成的织物在一芯轴上被形成为管的形状,并被加热,以使DREF纱线的芯部引起弹性定型。当这样形成的时候,纬线构件相对经向构件承受略微的偏压。比较于图4的织物104,所得到的套具有极好的柔软性,其为一种相对闭合结构,其比较抗磨。纬线把单纤维丝的热定型特性与变形和复丝的手感性相结合在一起。
织物的柔软性通过在相对非柔软区域之间引入柔软区域而被修整,并且套由圆周延伸区域组成,以致套类似于回旋状或波纹状管弯曲。
图1和2实例中的大和小直径的纬向纤维构件的结构产生一些支枢点,其支枢点使套能构贴合到复杂形状和急剧的弯曲部分处。在图3中,柔软性是通过加捻经线而实现的,以在产生支枢点的纬线之间有空隙,所述的支枢点其作用类似于图1和2的支枢点。在图4和4a的结构中,形成支枢点的开式间隙是在相邻纬线之间利用三经线的组而产生的,使得把纬线锁定在适当位置上。比以前的传统的机织织物套,借助根据本发明的增加柔软性和贴合性机织织物套的特征适合用于广泛的用途。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于保护和覆盖细长基体的机织织物套(16),所述的套包括一种机织织物(101,102,103,104,105),该机织织物具有相互垂直交织的纬向构件和经向构件(12a,12b;40;44),其沿着套的圆周和大致纵向延伸排列,其特征在于经向构件或所述的纬向构件(14a,14b;26a,26b;28;43;46)形成有与非柔软性带隔开的、圆周延伸交替的相对柔软性带。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的纬向构件包括具有第一直径的第一纬向构件(14a;6a)和具有比第一直径小的第二直径的第二纬向构件(14b;26b),所述的第二纬向构件在所述的第一纬向构件之间被间隔开。
3.根据权利要求2所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的第二纬向构件(26b)包括合股的金属丝。
4.根据权利要求1-3的任一所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的第一纬向构件(14a;28;43)是单纤维丝。
5.根据权利要求4所述的机织织物套,其特征在于构成于第一纬向构件的所述单纤维丝是柔性的。
6.根据权利要求2-5的任一所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的第一纬向构件具有两倍于所述第二纬向构件的直径。
7.根据权利要求2或3所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的第一纬向构件(26a)包括所述的第二纬向构件的成束材料(26b)。
8.根据权利要求1-7的任一所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的经向构件排列成组,每组的经向构件(12a,12b)在各所选择的纬向构件(14b;26b)的位置处被加捻以把所述的被选择的纬向构件锁定在适当的位置上,所述的位置是位于具有相对较大柔软性的带之内。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的经向构件被排列成对(12a,12b)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的经向构件包括多组相对柔软的纤维丝构件(40;44),每组包括置于成对的第二经向纤维丝构件(402,403;442,443)之间的第一经向纤维丝构件(401;441),所述的第一经向纤维丝构件和所述的成对的第二经向纤维丝构件与至少一个所述的纬向构件(46)以相交织的关系而织造为充纱罗组织图案。
11.根据权利要求10所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的每组(401;441)的第一纤维丝构件有比所述的组(402,403;442,443)的第二纤维丝构件大的直径。
12.根据权利要求11所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的经向构件是单纤维丝。
13.根据权利要求10-12任一个所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的纬向构件(46)包括至少一种具有可弹性定芯轴部的纱线,其弹性定型能确保所述的套为一种基本管状的外形。
14.根据权利要求10-13任一个所述的机织织物套,其特征在于所述的纬向纤维丝构件(46)成对地分组。
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US5843542A (en) 1998-12-01
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CA2307586C (en) 2007-02-27
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DE69810964D1 (de) 2003-02-27
CN1277643A (zh) 2000-12-20

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