CN1118030C - Braille generation method and its reader/typewriter - Google Patents
Braille generation method and its reader/typewriter Download PDFInfo
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- CN1118030C CN1118030C CN00103236A CN00103236A CN1118030C CN 1118030 C CN1118030 C CN 1118030C CN 00103236 A CN00103236 A CN 00103236A CN 00103236 A CN00103236 A CN 00103236A CN 1118030 C CN1118030 C CN 1118030C
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- braille
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a Braille generating method. Firstly, information is input in a computer; secondly, Chinese characters, letters, numbers and symbols are converted into Braille codes; word segmentation link writing and punctuation position processing are carried out to the converted Braille codes according to 'a Braille binary syllabification proposal'; finally, the communication of the processed Braille codes and output equipment is realized. The present invention designs a Braille reading device and a Braille typing device, wherein the Braille reading device comprises a control circuit and a reading board, and the Braille typing device comprises a control circuit and a typing board. The printing, the propagation and the publishing of Braille can be accelerated greatly by the method and the device of the present invention, and thereby, the present invention is favorable to the cultural education of Braille.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of Braille generation method and reading thereof, typing apparatus, belongs to the educational facilities technical field.
Background technology blind person can not read general books, newpapers and periodicals, computer screen display message etc. and obtain the written historical materials of information with vision, and can only read the written historical materials of Braille writing.Braille claims braille again, and international braille is that basic structure is formed by 6 smooth round dots of projection, as shown in Figure 1, is to specialize in the blind person to touch the letter symbol of reading, writing.Through constantly developing and improveing, the braille scheme that is proposed and formally ratified by relevant departments such as Ministry of Civil Affairs, State Education Commission by China Disabled Persons' Federation is " a Chinese double-spelling braille scheme " at present.Its basic characteristics are that the reality with the blind symbol of two sides spelling Chinese has syllable (with first party spelling initial consonant, with second party spelling simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable), are a kind of alphabetic writings.Because braille can only be by the blind person by Fingertip touch, a blind symbol of blind symbol ground sense mk knows and touches and read that therefore, word link writing becomes an important foundation of Chinese braille.So-called participle is promptly separately write speech one by one, and so-called write the two or more syllables of a word together are the singularity according to braille, avoid syllable structure too loose, be convenient to touch and read, some speech are linked up write, like this, just improved braille, improved the reading rate of braille in the accuracy of expressing on the meaning of one's words.
But, at present, except books printed in braille, the information that braille of no use is represented in the daily life.And books printed in braille (form with the heavy kraft paper bookbinding, prick out small embossment with card punch on paper, carry out Braille writing) publication kind is few, devoid of matter, single, frequence of issue is long, and making is wasted time and energy, effective poor, make vast blind people know information faces narrow, the quantity of information of obtaining is few.
The object of the invention provides a kind of Braille generation method and reading thereof, typing apparatus, makes the blind person just can obtain originally the information that need just can obtain with vision by it.
The Braille generation method that the present invention proposes may further comprise the steps:
1) with the input mode of keyboard or voice Word message or voice messaging are imported computing machine, and Word message or voice messaging are converted to text formatting by computing machine;
2) Chinese character in the above-mentioned text is converted into the braille coding;
3) the above-mentioned text that has been converted into the braille coding is carried out word link writing according to the dictionary file, to realize word link writing to the braille text;
4) the braille coding of handling is corresponding with the high-low level that can supply digital circuit to handle, realize communication with output device;
Above-mentioned steps 2) may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the size of Chinese character height byte numerical value, successively the braille coding is arranged, to set up the braille character library;
(2) with Chinese character height byte numerical value as index, in above-mentioned braille character library, search and wait to be translated into the corresponding braille coding of Chinese character of braille;
Above-mentioned steps 3) may further comprise the steps:
(1) set up a dictionary file, in this dictionary file storage might carry out word, phrase and the Chinese idiom of word link writing, the wherein adjacent storage of the word that first Chinese character is identical, phrase and Chinese idiom;
(2) with the first Chinese character of the identical word of first Chinese character, phrase, Chinese idiom as index, with above-mentioned Word message or voice messaging and the contrast of above-mentioned dictionary file that is converted to text formatting by computing machine, when finding consistent word, phrase, Chinese idiom, in the braille that transformed coding, add one everybody be 0 byte entirely, separate to show, realize word link writing.
The present invention is directed to the Braille generation method of proposition, designed Braille reading device and typing apparatus especially.Braille reading device wherein comprises control circuit and reads plate.Control circuit comprises controller, latch and the buffering driver of being made up of counter and code translator, controller wherein is by the signal of computer interface reception from computing machine, and gating signal is added on the latch, latch is read plate by buffering driver control.Read plate and comprise touch device, panel and base plate, touching device becomes the triplex row arrangement to be arranged between panel and the base plate according to the braille design feature, touching device is made up of movable inner core and hollow frame, the upper end of hollow frame and panel relative fixed, movable inner core places in the hollow frame, the upper end of movable inner core is for touching head, hollow frame is stretched out in the lower end, its end is provided with locator protrusions, locator protrusions is positioned on the base plate, the outside of hollow frame is wound with control coil, and the buffering driver of this coil and control circuit joins.
Braille typing apparatus of the present invention comprises control circuit and typewriting plate, control circuit comprises latch and buffering driver, latch wherein is by output data and the control signal of computer interface reception from computing machine, latch is the data latching of input, and through buffering driver control typewriting plate.The typewriting plate comprises panel, base plate, plane framework and typewriting head, the typewriting head is made up of movable inner core and hollow frame, the upper end of hollow frame and panel relative fixed, movable inner core places in the framework, hollow frame is stretched out in the lower end of movable inner core, extension is tied with vertical back-moving spring, extension passes plane framework, end after passing is provided with positioning convex, positioning convex is positioned on the base plate, one side of plane framework is provided with armature, and this armature can be subjected to the electromagnet effect, and opposite side is provided with horizontal back-moving spring.
Utilize Braille generation method of the present invention and aim at the reading typing apparatus that the blind person designs, can greatly accelerate printing, propagation, the publication of braille, thereby help the culture and education of braille.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the braille structural representation.
Fig. 2 is a principle of the invention block diagram.
Fig. 3 is for setting up the braille database flowchart.
Fig. 4 is braille output process flow diagram.
Fig. 5 is reading device control block diagram.
Fig. 6 is reading device control circuit figure.
Fig. 7 is for reading the plate structure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 7, touches the structure of device with expression.
Fig. 9 is typing apparatus control block diagram.
Figure 10 is the typing apparatus circuit diagram.
Figure 11 is typewriting device structural representation.
Figure 12 is the B-B cut-open view of Figure 11, with the structure of expression typewriting device.
Specific implementation method
Fig. 1 in Figure 12, the 1st, panel, the 2nd, touch device, the 3rd, hollow frame, the 4th, touch head, the 5th, control coil, the 6th, movable inner core, the 7th, positioning convex, the 8th, connector lug, the 9th, base plate, the 10th, typewriting head, the 11st, armature, the 12nd, electromagnet, the 13rd, plane framework, the 14th, horizontal back-moving spring, the 15th, vertical back-moving spring, the 16th, the internal protrusion of plane framework.
Ultimate principle of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, it at first is the information input unit branch, be that the written historical materials that need could be understood with vision is become the such equipment of information or the process that can supply Computer Processing, software processing part relies on computer hardware to be converted into electric signal for the information of Computer Processing then, and controls their output.At last, described electric signal through output unit, is converted into the blind person and relies on appreciable information such as sense of touch, the sense of hearing.
Method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
The information input: this part is utilized prior art.For example: with written historical materials scanning input computers such as books, newpapers and periodicals, and be converted into can be for the file of handling (for example the information that will scan with Chinese character, foreign language identification software OCR be converted into text) with scanner.For making things convenient for the blind person to use, all computer operation steps can be noted (for example use among the WINDOWS 3.X one from tape program RECORDER macro-recorder) with software mode, and define a shortcut and activate this operation, a promptly available button is finished whole operations.Also can use other modes, for example written historical materials be imported computing machine with means such as keyboard or voice.
Chinese character, letter, numeral, symbol are converted into the braille coding:
The storage mode of a Chinese character in computing machine is to account for 2 bytes, and the upper byte numerical range is BOH-FEH (sexadecimal), and the low byte numerical range is AOH-FEH (sexadecimal).Therefore, a Chinese character byte high and low with it is one to one.Utilize this characteristics, if set up a font file (being named as ZIKU.TXT), method for building up is by the sexadecimal numerical value size of the corresponding high and low byte of Chinese character the braille of each Chinese character correspondence to be encoded to store (corresponding relation of Chinese character and braille is seen below literary composition " coding method of braille "), process such as Fig. 2 successively.If expect the braille coding of a Chinese character, can find its corresponding braille coding as long as index, as Fig. 3 with the high and low byte of Chinese character.
Set forth the coding method of braille below:
The braille of a Chinese character correspondence is represented that by 2 " sides " each " side " is made up of 6 points, and the projection of its mid point is represented the different Chinese phonetic alphabet with smooth various combination, and first " side " represented initial consonant, and second " side " represents simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable.For example: " class " word, its braille is for as shown in Figure 1.In each " side ", give the Position Number of point, rule is: in one " side ", and three points of the left side one row, number consecutively is 1,2,3 from top to bottom, three points of the right one row, number consecutively is 4,5,6 from top to bottom, its mid point projection is represented with 1, the smooth usefulness 0 of point is represented, the state of " side " mid point of an available like this byte binary number representation: this byte low 6 be the protruding or smooth of 1 or 0 expression relevant position point, and high 2 perseverances is 0.By above-mentioned rule, the form of a corresponding braille of Chinese character can represent with 2 bytes in computing machine, wherein the form of first byte records first " side " braille, the form of second byte records second " side " braille, for example, braille is encoded to 00010100,0011100 among Fig. 1.
The braille coding that has transformed is carried out word link writing and the processing of punctuate position according to " braille Two bors d's oeuveres scheme ":
Set up a dictionary file (being named as CIKU.TXT), in this file with might write the two or more syllables of a word together word, phrase, Chinese idiom etc. store, the word that first Chinese character is identical, phrase, Chinese idiom placement location are adjacent, and with their first Chinese character as index.With former literal information and dictionary file CIKU.TXT contrast, find consistent word, phrase, Chinese idiom, explanation should be carried out word link writing, just in the braille coding that has transformed, add one " short side ", promptly add one everybody be 0 byte entirely, separate to show, realize the purpose of word link writing.
The braille coding of handling is corresponding with the high-low level that can supply digital circuit to handle, realize communication with output device:
With braille coding 1,0 with can be corresponding for the high and low level that digital circuit is handled, write control command and data by software mode to computer interface, by it high and low level is outputed in the digital circuit, control output unit.
At last, realization is connected with existing voice output software, and when making output work, the information and the information of output are also exported by voice.In braille output, utilize existing voice output software to finish the voice output of overall process by existing computing machine sound peripheral hardware (as loudspeaker, audio amplifier) equipment.
Control circuit basic function in the Braille reading device of the present invention's design is that the electric signal of computing machine output is read from computer interface, and makes it correctly to output on the touch device.Touching device is to utilize electromagnetic principle that above-said current signal is converted into mechanical motion, but produces the small embossment that some blind mans touch.
Reading device control circuit block diagram is as shown in Fig. 5 frame of broken lines.
Principle of work: control controller by computing machine by computer interface, make gating signal be added to successively on some latchs, can be by the latch of gating from reading of data on the data signal line, and latch.Like this, to data signal line transmission data, and some latchs of gating successively just can read in latch with the data on the data signal line and latch by constantly.And the output of each latch is connected on the connector lug 8 of reading plate touch device.Like this, just can produce different combination of protrusions thereby control the reading plate by computer control with which type of electric signal output and reaction.Status signal then feeds back to computing machine (passing through computer interface) with the duty of controller, so that computing machine is judged its duty.
Physical circuit is (Y wherein as shown in Figure 6
2→ Y
15All be connected to latch, simply omit for being figure): controller is made of counter (LS161) and code translator (LS154).Computing machine sends control signal by computer interface, and then counter is just counted, and count results is transferred to code translator, and code translator translates which latch of gating (LS174), and makes this gating signal effective.
Interface section PC standard parallel interface, data transfer direction is as follows:
Direction OUT OUT IN IN IN IN OUT IN OUT OUT GND
The 2-9 pin all can be used as the data carry-out bit, selects wherein 6 pins for use at this: the 2-7 pin.Except that the 2-9 pin, direction is that the pin of OUT all can be used as transmission of control signals, selects 1 pin, 14 pin, 16 pin as sending control signal, and all directions to be the pin of IN all can be used as status signal reads in pin, select 10 pin, 11 pin at this.
And port address is 0378H-037AH (this is the default value of PC), then by to 0378H port output byte being the level height on the may command pin 2-9, can read in 10-13 pin and 15 pin level height from the 0379H port, to 037AH port output byte, may command 1 pin, 14 pin, 16 pin, 17 pin level height.
The course of work of computer control digital circuit is:
1) parallel port 16 pin level recover high from high to low again, make counter O reset, i.e. Q
AQ
BQ
CQ
D=0000, then translate Y through code translator
0=0, Y
1→ Y
15=1, simultaneously, latch all is cleared.
2) the computer sends the data (6) is to the 2-7 pin of parallel port, and like this, all there are data in the D1-D6 data input pin of all latchs.
3) parallel port 1 pin recovers high, from high to low again because Y
0=0, have only connection Y
0Rejection gate output terminal level from low to high, recover low again, and all the other rejection gates are because Y
1→ Y
15=1, then output terminal keeps 0, and then latch LS174 (1) just reads in data, the signal of D1-D6 occurs on Q1-Q6, and is latched.
4) parallel port 14 pin recover low from low to high again, counter meter 1 number, Q
AQ
BQ
CQ
D=1000, code translator translates Y
1=0, Y
0, Y
2→ Y
15=1,
5) the 2nd group of data (6) are sent on the 2-7 pin of parallel port.
6) parallel port 1 pin recovers high from high to low again, and make latch LS174 (2) read in data and latch, at this moment, just can the 2nd group of data of latch on the Q1-Q6 of latch LS174 (2).
7) at Y
2→ Y
15On all connect tangible as Y
0, Y
1The latch of last connection, their principle of work are all as above-mentioned.
8) as full 16 (LS161 is 4 digit counters, and maximum count value is 16), the then Q of counter meter
CC=1, parallel port 11 pin=1 has instruction to monitor parallel port 11 pin in the computer program at this moment, as long as parallel port 11 pin are 1, then termination sends data again to parallel port 2-7 pin automatically, reads so that if having time the touch device of latch control is touched.
9) touch read to finish after, original one direct low level parallel port 10 pin are connect high level (controlling a soft-touch control by the operator realizes), the instruction that monitors this pin is arranged in the computer program, it for high level then program will rerun, can will descend 16 groups of data latchings to go in the latch again, so circulation can be read in the information of computing machine output in the latch successively.
The concrete structure of Braille reading device is read plate and is comprised touch device 2, panel 1 and base plate 9 as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.Touching device 2 becomes the triplex row arrangement to be arranged between panel 1 and the base plate 9 according to the braille design feature.Touching device is made up of movable inner core 6 and hollow frame 3, the upper end of hollow frame 3 and panel 1 relative fixed, movable inner core 6 places in the hollow frame, the upper end of movable inner core is for touching 4, hollow frame is stretched out in the lower end, and its end is provided with locator protrusions 7, and locator protrusions is positioned on the base plate 9, the outside of hollow frame is wound with control coil 5, and the buffering driver of this coil and control circuit joins.
The principle of work that touches device is: add power on signal at the coil lead two ends, promptly pass to electric current, then coil can produce magnetic field in hollow frame, movable inner core is (by being made by the material of magnetic field suction, as iron, steel) under the action of a magnetic field, just can move upward, be fixed together with movable inner core owing to touch head, then touch head and just can protrude hollow frame.Because movable inner core lower end is provided with positioning convex, then movable inner core can be owing to inertia moves to beyond the hollow frame, but the projection that is positioned is fixed, resistance that magnetic force and positioning convex produce and movable inner core, touch the counteract gravity forces of closing of head, movable inner core gets off with the touch head is just static, go out hollow frame, just tangible arriving owing to touch head process.
Also increase the first-level buffer driving circuit touching between the output of device and control circuit, effect is to increase drive current and prevent that induced current that coil produces is excessive and damage latch.Can select ULN2003A for use.
The braille typing apparatus of the present invention's design can be used for the publication of braille book, as long as will handle the braille coding that obtains by software function A, B outputs in the existing braille publishing device, just the common language information in any computing machine can be converted into braille and publish, also can get braille on paper, blind man is touched and is read.
The braille typing apparatus of the present invention's design comprises control circuit and typewriting plate.Control circuit comprises latch and buffering driver, and latch wherein receives output data and control signal from computing machine by computer interface, and latch is the data latching of input, and through buffering driver control typewriting plate.The typewriting plate comprises panel 1, base plate 9, plane framework 13 and typewriting 10.Typewriting 10 is made up of movable inner core and hollow frame, the upper end of hollow frame and panel relative fixed, movable inner core places in the framework, and hollow frame is stretched out in the lower end of movable inner core, and extension is tied with vertical back-moving spring 15, extension passes plane framework 13, end after passing is provided with positioning convex 7, and positioning convex is positioned on the base plate, and a side of plane framework is provided with armature 11, this armature can be subjected to electromagnet 12 effects, and opposite side is provided with horizontal back-moving spring 14.
The theory diagram of typing apparatus as shown in Figure 9, wherein computing machine is by computer interface output data and control signal, latch is responsible for the data latching with output, drive printhead through the buffering drive part, computing machine sends first via control signal control lock storage and removes legacy data, reads in new data.The second tunnel control signal is through 12 work of buffering drive part control electromagnet.Electromagnet of Third Road control signal control makes whole printhead bump paper with magnetic force.
Specific implementation as shown in figure 10.Can utilize PC standard parallel port.Parallel port 2-7 pin meets the D1-D6 of latch, and Q1-Q6 is through buffering drive circuit (still selecting ULN2003A for use), and drive controlling coil 5 is worked.
The process of control foregoing circuit work is as follows:
1, parallel port 1 pin (first via control signal) recovers high, from high to low again with the latch zero clearing.
2, to parallel port 2-7 pin output data.
3, parallel port 14 pin (first via control signal) recover low from low to high again, make latch read in data, and latch, and have just latched data on Q1-Q6, can drive coil working among Figure 13.
4, parallel port 16 pin (the second tunnel control signal) output high level by work of electromagnet among buffering drive circuit control Figure 11, is finished moving of band flexure strip carriage.
5, parallel port 17 pin (Third Road control signal) output high level by work of electromagnet of buffering drive circuit control, hits printhead on the paper with magnetic force.
6, hit small embossment after, parallel port 17 pin recover low level, release magnet, printhead leaves paper.
7, parallel port 16 pin recover low level, electromagnet outage among Figure 11, and band flexure strip carriage resets.
8, with existing printer mobile print head and paper feed control mode, braille can be beaten on paper.
Typewriting plate structure such as Figure 11 and shown in Figure 12, the principle of work of typing apparatus is: feed electric current in coil, then movable inner core can be at the magneticaction lower convexity, and feed electric current this moment in electromagnet 12, then electromagnet attracts armature 11, then armature motion and drive plane framework 13 and move right.When movable inner core 6 rises, just can move to its below with its contiguous plane framework internal protrusion 16, like this, this typewriting head is from panel upper surface bump paper, because the movable inner core 6 of projection is propped up from below by plane framework, can under powerful external force effect, not withdraw in the hollow frame, will on paper, prick out small embossment like this.If typewriting head and paper relative motion then can be pricked out several rows of small embossment, touch for braille and read.Laterally back-moving spring 14 resets plane framework 13 after electromagnet 12 outages, also makes vertical back-moving spring 15 simultaneously after control coil 5 outages, and movable inner core 6 is withdrawn in the hollow frame 3 again.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of Braille generation method may further comprise the steps:
1) with the input mode of keyboard or voice Word message or voice messaging are imported computing machine, and Word message or voice messaging are converted to text formatting by computing machine;
2) Chinese character in the above-mentioned text is converted into the braille coding;
3) the above-mentioned text that has been converted into the braille coding is carried out word link writing according to the dictionary file, to realize word link writing to the braille text;
4) the braille coding of handling is corresponding with the high-low level that can supply digital circuit to handle, realize communication with output device;
It is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned steps 2) may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the size of Chinese character height byte numerical value, successively the braille coding is arranged, to set up the braille character library;
(2) with Chinese character height byte numerical value as index, in above-mentioned braille character library, search and wait to be translated into the corresponding braille coding of Chinese character of braille;
Above-mentioned steps 3) may further comprise the steps:
(1) set up a dictionary file, in this dictionary file storage might carry out word, phrase and the Chinese idiom of word link writing, the wherein adjacent storage of the word that first Chinese character is identical, phrase and Chinese idiom;
(2) with the first Chinese character of the identical word of first Chinese character, phrase, Chinese idiom as index, with above-mentioned Word message or voice messaging and the contrast of above-mentioned dictionary file that is converted to text formatting by computing machine, when finding consistent word, phrase, Chinese idiom, in the braille that transformed coding, add one everybody be 0 byte entirely, separate to show, realize word link writing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00103236A CN1118030C (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2000-03-17 | Braille generation method and its reader/typewriter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00103236A CN1118030C (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2000-03-17 | Braille generation method and its reader/typewriter |
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|---|---|
| CN1262488A CN1262488A (en) | 2000-08-09 |
| CN1118030C true CN1118030C (en) | 2003-08-13 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00103236A Expired - Lifetime CN1118030C (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2000-03-17 | Braille generation method and its reader/typewriter |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101840647A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-09-22 | 四川大学锦江学院 | Method and device for displaying brailles by deformation of magnetic control silica gel |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102176293B (en) * | 2011-03-12 | 2014-09-10 | 张乐 | Dot-matrix magnetic control convex point braille displayer |
| CN103838358A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-06-04 | 英业达科技有限公司 | Braille electronic device and Braille reading and voice-playing method |
| CN104036672A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-10 | 游启麟 | Portable braille alphabet touch-pronouncing device with long battery life and low cost |
| CN105528939B (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-05-29 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of Chinese braille touching reading device |
| CN106021241B (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2018-08-14 | 河海大学 | Braille point place Chinese character coding and its machine translation method between braille |
| CN110920268B (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-05-28 | 西安交通大学 | Braille inscription method and system |
| CN114495650B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-04 | 南京信息工程大学 | Magnetic traction type blind person reading device oriented to touch screen and reading method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1043026A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-06-13 | 文献 | The Chinese character article translates to standard Chinese braille new technology |
| CN2126438U (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1992-12-30 | 西安交通大学 | Braille machine |
| CN1110421A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1995-10-18 | 黄思源 | New braille publishing and reading method and reading device |
| US5993217A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1999-11-30 | Perry; Albert William | Learning apparatus |
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- 2000-03-17 CN CN00103236A patent/CN1118030C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1043026A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-06-13 | 文献 | The Chinese character article translates to standard Chinese braille new technology |
| CN2126438U (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1992-12-30 | 西安交通大学 | Braille machine |
| CN1110421A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1995-10-18 | 黄思源 | New braille publishing and reading method and reading device |
| US5993217A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1999-11-30 | Perry; Albert William | Learning apparatus |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101840647A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-09-22 | 四川大学锦江学院 | Method and device for displaying brailles by deformation of magnetic control silica gel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1262488A (en) | 2000-08-09 |
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