CN1119614C - 用于加工半导体衬底的晶片载体与半导体装置 - Google Patents

用于加工半导体衬底的晶片载体与半导体装置 Download PDF

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CN1119614C
CN1119614C CN99802634A CN99802634A CN1119614C CN 1119614 C CN1119614 C CN 1119614C CN 99802634 A CN99802634 A CN 99802634A CN 99802634 A CN99802634 A CN 99802634A CN 1119614 C CN1119614 C CN 1119614C
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杰克·齐齐·姚
罗伯特·杰弗里·拜利
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Abstract

提供一种晶片载体,包含圆形板,圆形板具有环绕所述板周边延伸的平坦边缘区域(31)。该板具有带凹陷底面的圆形凹陷中心区域和环绕凹陷底面周边而向上倾斜的表面(33)。衬底(35)放置于中心区域上,由向上倾斜的表面的一部分支承,并与凹陷底面在空间上分离,使得衬底仅围绕其周围边缘被晶片载体所支承。该晶片载体最大限度地减小与晶片的表面接触因而最大限度地减小对衬底背面的污染和表面损坏以及防止在衬底背面的淀积。

Description

用于加工半导体衬底的晶片载体与半导体装置
本发明通常涉及半导体加工领域,更具体地,涉及用于加工半导体衬底时最小限度地接触衬底背面的晶片载体以及半导体装置。
半导体与集成电路生产中,制造电路时需淀积各种材料膜层。广泛地将介质膜淀积在半导体晶片表面,电隔离导电层并产生层之间所需的连接。电介质与其他薄层通常由化学汽相淀积法(CVD)形成。CVD法通过在衬底表面传送并使某些气态先质发生反应将材料淀积到表面。CVD反应有许多形式。低压CVD系统(LPCVD)与常压CVD系统(APCVD)是以热CVD原理运行。等离子体增强型CVD系统(PECVD)以及高密度等离子体(HDP)系统反应中可使用等离子体辅助化学物质的淀积。
由于CVD淀积先质化学成分,因此最大限度地减小CVD反应器环境中的杂质是很重要的,因为这类杂质可能会淀积到薄膜上。薄膜中的杂质损坏晶片上的器件功能并减低器件的产出率。金属杂质对硅晶片特别有害,因为金属杂质在热处理后可以改变晶片和器件的性质并且影响栅氧化层。
杂质可以产生于许多来源。除了先质化学物中存在杂质,杂质还可以来自于CVD系统本身。半导体加工过程中,金属原子杂质可以来自于构成加工设备的某些金属元件。这类杂质可能传递给半导体衬底,污染衬底表面和/或淀积到膜中。
金属杂质的一种来源为晶片支承物。在常规系统中,晶片通常是与晶片支承物相接触的。加工过程中,晶片的污染可以发生于支承物上。另外,与晶片支承物接触可以损坏晶片的背部表面。当过后在晶片的背面淀积薄膜时会带来问题。与晶片支承物接触而引起的划痕可以造成薄膜的缺陷。
况且,对于(称作背封应用)的某些应用来说,在晶片前面淀积时晶片背面没有淀积发生是非常重要的。因此,重要的不仅仅是最大限度地减小与晶片的接触以便最大限度地减小晶片上的污染与划痕,有时,将晶片密闭于淀积气体也是重要的。
现有技术通常通过与晶片背面相当大面积的接触支承晶片。这种与晶片的表面接触加重了金属污染并损坏背表面。另一种如美国专利No.5,645,646,所描述的现有技术中的晶片载体,使用从平板表面凸出的许多支承板来支承晶片。这种设计由于在许多位置上对晶片提供面接触而受到了同样的限制。而且,这种设计会允许晶片背面的淀积,因此不适合于背封应用。需要的不仅仅是尽量减小与衬底的表面接触,更需要提供一种理想的晶片支承物,同时能够阻止在晶片背面淀积。
由此,本发明的目的为提供一种改进的晶片载体。
更具体地,本发明的目的为提供一种晶片载体,最大限度地减小与晶片的表面接触因而最大限度地减小对衬底背面的污染和表面损坏。
本发明进一步的目的为提供一种晶片载体,防止在衬底背面的淀积。
本发明的相关目的为提供一种晶片载体,促进在衬底上表面的均匀淀积。
凡此目标与优点是通过本发明在此公开的晶片载体得到的。该晶片载体包含圆形板,具有环绕该板周边的平坦边缘区域。该板具有带凹陷底面和环绕凹陷底面周边而向上倾斜的表面的圆形凹陷中心区域。衬底(也称作“晶片”)放置于中心区域,由向上倾斜的表面的一部分支承,并与凹陷底面在空间上分离,使得衬底仅围绕其周围边缘被晶片载体所支承。
本发明的其他目标及优点通过阅读以下本发明的详细描述并参阅附图可以明确:
图1为根据一个实施方案可用于本发明的化学汽相淀积(CVD)系统装置的部分剖面的空间示意图。
图2为根据本发明的一个实施方案的晶片载体的顶视图。
图3为根据本发明的晶片载体的一部分的横剖面侧视图。
图4放大显示根据本发明放置晶片时的晶片载体的一部分的横剖面侧视图。
参阅附图,其中相同部件标以相同标号。图1显示可以使用本发明晶片载体的装置示意图。图1绘出化学汽相淀积(CVD)系统10,通常包含CVD反应器20和气体传送系统15,气体传送系统具有用于将气体传送至反应器20的导管。CVD反应器20示意为传送带型的常压CVD(APCVD)型反应器,在美国专利No.4,834,020里有详尽的描述,在此引为参考。重要的是应注意尽管示意的是APCVD反应器,但也可以使用创新方法,使用其他类型CVD反应器如低压CVD(LPCVD)、等离子体增强型CVD(PECVD)反应器以及高密度等离子体(HDP)反应器等。图1所示APCVD反应器20通常包括马弗炉31、确定多个阶段的多个注入器30(为简化起见,只示意一个注入器30,因而只对应一个阶段)以及传送带34。反应器20可包含四个阶段,每个阶段基本相同。在马弗炉31内,许多隔板32围绕注入器两边放置,隔离出一个空间,在其中构成淀积室区33。
为了在半导体器件表面淀积材料膜,将衬底35放置在传送带34上,传送到马弗炉31并通过淀积室区33。在淀积室区33,气态化学物质通过注入器30导入到接近衬底35表面的区域,其中的气态化学物质发生反应并在衬底35的表面淀积材料膜。
为了在衬底35的表面淀积所需成分与纯度的膜层,重要的是晶片支承要保护衬底不受污染和/或损坏衬底表面。本发明通过在周边边缘支承衬底,从而有利于减少杂质和衬底表面的物理损坏。按照本发明的一个实施方案,衬底放置在晶片载体上,晶片载体放置在传送带34上,然后由传送带传送通过淀积室区33。在此具体实例中,显示的是传送带型CVD反应器。应当理解,将单个晶片移进移出单个反应室的单晶片系统,同样可以使用本发明的晶片载体。
参考图2和3更加详细显示该晶片载体。晶片载体40包含圆形板42,具有环绕该板周边的平坦边缘区域44,以及圆形凹陷中心区域45。圆形凹陷中心区域45包含凹陷底面46和环绕凹陷底面46周边的向上倾斜的表面48。凹陷中心45的边缘区49垂直于凹陷底面46的平面。优选为但并非必需为,在圆形凹陷区域45的底面46上提供至少一个开孔50。开孔套进一个插头用于确保接纳晶片并在晶片载体上移动晶片。
为支承衬底或晶片,衬底如图4所示放置在凹陷中心区域45。特别的优点是,本发明的晶片载体仅围绕周边边缘支承晶片。具体地,衬底被放置在中心区域并通过向上倾斜的表面48的一部分环绕其周边支承。晶片与晶片载体唯一的接触发生在倾斜的表面上,其中晶片边缘的弯曲面搁靠在载体上。晶片背表面的其余部分(即晶片除其周边边缘的其他部分)与底面46在空间上分离,由此不与晶片载体相接触。在另外的实施方案中,可以只需要倾斜表面沿圆板中心辐射方向延伸足够距离,保证晶片的接触与载体底部有一段垂直距离。
优选为,边缘区49具有基本上与晶片的厚度“t”相同的深度,使得当晶片放于晶片载体中并接触向上倾斜的表面48的一部分时,晶片的上表面基本上与晶片载体的平坦边缘表面44平齐。这针对所谓的“边缘效应”而增强了在晶片上的淀积效果。边缘效应是由于晶片边缘对气流和/或温度的均匀性造成了干扰从而减低了淀积膜的均匀性的现象。通过由平坦边缘区域44有效地延伸晶片的边缘,本发明的晶片载体进一步减小了边缘效应。边缘效应现在发生于平坦边缘区域44上,使得沿整个晶片表面发生均匀淀积。
特别的优点为,如图4所示,晶片仅沿晶片边缘的周边50接触晶片支承物,即晶片由凹陷中心45的倾斜表面48支承。对比于现有技术中载体的面接触,这种点或线式的接触最大限度地减小了与晶片的接触。由于本发明最大限度地减小了与晶片的接触,表面损坏与金属污染的可能性极大地减小了。进一步的优点为,本发明基本上消除了晶片背表面淀积的发生。由于晶片环绕其整个周边边缘支承,晶片被有效地封闭了,淀积气体不会迁入晶片的背面。这适合背封应用式的晶片处理。同样,这与可能发生背面淀积的现有技术的载体形成巨大对比。
晶片载体可以容纳各种大小的衬底。优选为,晶片载体具有大约200mm或300mm半径的圆形中心区域45,分别容纳200mm或300mm的晶片。然而,中心凹陷区域可以是任意大小的。凹陷中心45的边缘区49优选为与支承的晶片的厚度一致。例如,边缘区49具有用于300mm晶片的大约0.75~0.80mm的厚度。平坦边缘区域44的宽度最好约为5~25mm。
支承晶片的向上倾斜表面48的倾斜角度优选为最大限度地减小与晶片背表面的接触。晶片的背边缘面50大体弯曲为横截面为半圆形。本发明提供倾斜接触面,仅以晶片弯曲边缘50接触晶片,并环绕周边达到与晶片线接触。优选为,向上倾斜表面48在大约5~45度角之内倾斜于底部凹陷表面46,最优选为大约10度角。
为保持所需的与晶片周边边缘的点或线接触并对晶片提供安全的支承,考虑了晶片载体的热膨胀。优选为,加工过程中发生微小的热膨胀使得希望的倾斜角度不变。具体地,晶片载体由具有热膨胀系数在2.6×10-6/℃~5×10-6/℃范围内的材料组成,优选为较低值。理想热膨胀系数的材料包括硅和碳化硅。
由向上倾斜的边缘区域48的一部分支承晶片使得晶片与圆形中心凹陷区域45的底部表面46在空间上分开。本发明将晶片与晶片载体的接触分离,因而最大限度地减小对晶片的表面损坏与金属污染,而同时保证对晶片的热传导。为促进对晶片的热传导,考虑了晶片载体的热导率。优选为,晶片载体的热导率在大约40~70W/m/K的范围内,以促进良好的热传导。为同时满足热膨胀系数与热导率的要求,晶片载体优选为从碳化硅、氮化铝、大晶粒多晶硅、以及硅/碳化硅合金之中选择的材料制成。
本发明发现,晶片背表面与底部凹陷表面46间的间隔因种种原因很重要。首先,必须考虑间隔对热传导的影响。其次,必须考虑由于重量、温度梯度和搬动造成的晶片的偏斜。通过在背表面与底部凹陷表面46之间提供大约在0.15~0.5mm范围之内的间隔,本发明能满足这些标准。
由此,提供一种改进的晶片载体。该晶片载体最大限度地减小了金属污染和对衬底的损害并适合于背封应用。使用本发明的晶片载体的实验证明,淀积在晶片上的膜中的金属污染减小至无法检测的水平(<109个原子/cm2)。
前述本发明的具体实施方案目的在于说明与描述,并非穷举或将本发明限制于已公开的精确形式,显然,许多的改进、实施例、和变形均可在以上精神之内。本发明的范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效范围来限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于支承衬底的晶片载体,包含:
一种圆形板,具有环绕所述板周边延伸的平坦边缘区域;以及
具有凹陷底面和环绕所述凹陷底面周边而向上倾斜的表面的圆形凹陷中心区域,
其中衬底由向上倾斜的表面的一部分支承,并与所述凹陷底面在空间上分离,使得衬底仅围绕其周围边缘被所述晶片载体所支承。
2.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中所述凹陷底面进一步包含至少一个形成于其中的开孔,用于接纳至少一个支承元件安牢衬底。
3.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中所述圆形凹陷中心区域的直径大约为200mm。
4.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中所述圆形凹陷中心区域的直径大约为300mm。
5.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中向上倾斜的表面在大约5~45度角范围之内相对于凹陷底部表面倾斜。
6.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中向上倾斜的表面以大约10°倾斜于底部凹陷表面。
7.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中所述晶片载体由热膨胀系数在2.6×10-6/℃~5×10-6/℃范围内的材料组成。
8.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中所述晶片载体由热导率在大约40~70W/m/K范围内的材料组成。
9.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中所述晶片载体的组成材料选自碳化硅、氮化铝、大晶粒多晶硅和硅/碳化硅合金构成的组。
10.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中晶片与底部凹陷表面之间空间上分开大约0.15~0.5mm的距离。
11.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中晶片与底部凹陷表面之间空间上分开0.25mm的距离。
12.权利要求1中的晶片载体,其中所述平坦边缘区域的宽度大约为5~25mm。
13.一种用于在衬底上淀积材料层的反应器,包括:
淀积室;
淀积室中的晶片载体,该晶片载体具有一种圆形板,带有环绕所述板周边的平坦边缘区域,以及带凹陷底面和环绕所述凹陷底面周边而向上倾斜的表面的圆形凹陷中心区域,其中衬底由向上倾斜的表面的一部分支承,并与所述凹陷底面在空间上分离,使得衬底仅围绕其周围边缘被所述晶片载体所支承;
注入淀积室的气体注入口,用于将气体导入室中;以及
将气体移出该室的排放系统。
14.一种用于加工衬底的CVD处理装置,包含:
马弗炉;
所述马弗炉内的至少一个CVD室区;
至少一个注入器,用于向所述的至少一个CVD室区内导入气体;
通过所述室区和所述马弗炉的传送带;以及
至少一个晶片载体,安放于所述传送带上,用于移动衬底通过所述室区,从而气体处理衬底表面,
其中所述晶片载体包括:
圆形板,具有环绕所述板周边延伸的平坦边缘区域;以及
带凹陷底面和环绕所述凹陷底面周边而向上倾斜的表面的圆形凹陷中心区域,
其中衬底由向上倾斜的表面的一部分支承,并与所述凹陷底面在空间上分离,使得衬底仅围绕其周围边缘被所述晶片载体所支承。
15.权利要求14中的CVD处理装置,其中向上倾斜的表面以大约10°角倾斜于底部凹陷表面的平面。
CN99802634A 1998-02-02 1999-02-01 用于加工半导体衬底的晶片载体与半导体装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1119614C (zh)

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