CN1124426C - 照明系统 - Google Patents

照明系统 Download PDF

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CN1124426C
CN1124426C CN99802434A CN99802434A CN1124426C CN 1124426 C CN1124426 C CN 1124426C CN 99802434 A CN99802434 A CN 99802434A CN 99802434 A CN99802434 A CN 99802434A CN 1124426 C CN1124426 C CN 1124426C
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H·F·贝尔纳
W·布塞尔特
T·于斯特尔
H·尼科尔
C·R·隆达
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Signify Holding BV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F21K9/62—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using mixing chambers, e.g. housings with reflective walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
    • F21K9/233—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating a spot light distribution, e.g. for substitution of reflector lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
    • H01L25/10—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers
    • H01L25/13—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
    • F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
    • F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

作为一种白光源，照明系统(1)至少具有三个发光二极管(6，7，8)以提供预定波长范围内的可见光。本发明的特征在于，该照明系统(1)具有至少一个第四发光二极管(9)，工作时，该二极管发射另一波长范围内的可见光，第四发光二极管(9)的最大发射光谱位于575-605nm的另一波长范围内。另一波长范围较好是585-600nm。该照明系统(1)的色效应指数较好大于60。该照明系统(1)的发光效率较好大于30lm/W，更好是大于40lm/W。在另一优选实施例中，通过分开开关各发光二极管(6，7，8，9)，可以调节该照明系统(1)的色温。

Description

照明系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种产生白光的照明系统，该照明系统至少包括三个发光二极管，每个发光二极管工作时发射预定波长范围内的可见光。
背景技术
基于发光二极管(LEDs)的照明系统用作普通照明应用的白光源。
从EP-A0838866可以得知开头段落提到的照明系统。所说已知照明系统使用三个LEDs作产生白光的光源，在所说照明系统中，据计算较好在455-490nm、530-570nm和605-630nm的波长范围内选择LEDs发射谱的最大值。关于这种照明系统，还计算得到可以得到超过80的色效应指数。
这种照明系统的缺点是，无法得到具有所说光谱范围内光谱最大值、同时具有足够大的能量效率的LEDs。在使用这些LEDs的这种照明系统中，特别是对发光效率有不良影响。
美国专利US 5,515,136公开了一种具有光源的图象记录装置，其中发射黄光的发光二极管发出的光的光谱在560至640nm之间。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种开头段落提到可实用的照明系统。本发明还有一个目的是提供具有较高发光效率的照明系统。
为达到这些目的，根据本发明，在开头段落提到的照明系统的特征在于，该照明系统至少包括一个第四发光二极管，工作时，它发射另一波长范围内的可见光，该第四发光二极管的最大光谱发射在从575到605nm的另一波长范围内。
通过使用具有不同光谱范围的四种LEDs，可以增大组合LEDs的可能性。为了得到基于三原色蓝、绿和红具有良好色效应产生白光的照明系统，希望这些LEDs的最大发射光谱范围在430-490nm(蓝)、530-565nm(绿)、和590-630nm(红)。在所说波长范围内，具有合理发光效率的蓝和红光LEDs可以从市场上购得，然而，具有希望光谱范围和可比发光效率的绿光LED无法或很难得到。可以得到的效率约为它们的蓝光等同物的一半的“绿光”LEDs，在不包括希望的光谱范围的500-525间的蓝绿光谱范围内发光。此外，随着LEDs输入处负载的增大，观察到向蓝光的(进一步、不希望的)偏移。由于可以得到具有黄光区(最大光谱发射在565-605nm的波长范围内)的光谱范围和高发光效率的LEDs，所以通过组合(市场上可购得的)蓝光、“绿光”(在蓝-绿范围发光)、黄和红光LEDs，可以得到具有希望色效应产生白光的实际可用照明系统。通过使用市场上可购得的LEDs，可以得到一种还具有较高发光效率的照明系统。
能买到以GaAs为基础的高效黄光LEDs已有数年了，并且这种LEDs越来越多地应用于例如背光(汽车)、交通灯和交通信号系统等信号设备应用。
在EP-A0838866所公开的照明系统中，使用了四种不同LEDs作为产生白光的光源，据计算应在440-450nm、455-505nm、555-565nm和610-620nm的波长范围内选择各LEDs的最大发射谱。所说波长范围可以根据具有希望发射光谱的LEDs计算的希望的光量为基础。已知照明系统显然不以市场可购得的LEDs为基础。根据本发明的照明系统包括(光谱特性)已知市场上可购得的LEDs的实际可用组合，用于制造具有较高发光效率的产生白光的光源。
希望确定四种发光二极管的最大光谱发射所在的较有限波长范围。四种发光二极管的最大光谱发射位于585-600nm的波长范围内。使用这种黄光LEDs可以使与其它三种LEDs的协调性提高。由于人眼在该波长范围内的光学敏感性最大在555nm，所以在黄光LED的该光谱范围内的较小偏差，也会对照明系统的色效应产生严重影响。最大光谱发射在595nm(20nm FWHM，能量效率20％)的(市场可购得的)黄光LED非常合适。
这种照明系统的色效应指数(Ra)至少等于或大于60(Ra≥60)。通过适当地组合四种光源的光谱发射，可以得到较高发光效率和良好色效应指数的照明系统。
该照明系统的发光效率较好是至少等于或大于301m/W。基于具有这种效率的LEDs的照明系统具有市场前景。在特别优选的实施例中，该照明系统的发光效率大于401m/W。作为比较，典型100W白炽灯具有141m/W的发光效率(色温为2800K，色彩再现指数100)，500W的卤素白炽灯具有约191m/W的发光效率(色温为3000K，色彩再现指数100)，而36瓦的荧光灯具有约891m/W的发光效率(色温为4000K，色彩再现指数85)。根据本发明的照明系统的色效应指数低于已知照明系统的计算值，然而，本发明照明系统的发光效率较大，并且根据本发明的照明系统以市场可购得发光二极管的组合为基础。
本发明照明系统的特别有吸引力的实施例的特征在于，三种发光二极管包括蓝光发光二极管、蓝-绿发光二极管和红光发光二极管，第四种发光二极管包括黄光发光二极管。以此方式，可以得到以四基色(蓝、蓝-绿、红和黄)为基础能发射具有良好色效应的白光的照明系统。蓝光发光二极管的最大光谱发射较好在460-490nm的波长范围内，蓝-绿光发光二极管的最大光谱发射较好在510-530nm的波长范围内，红光发光二极管的最大光谱发射较好在610-630nm的波长范围内。具有这些光谱范围且具有较高能量效率的LEDs可以从市场上购得。通过使用黄光型LEDs，可以补偿发射蓝绿光的绿光LED的色“失配”。
根据本发明的照明系统的特别引人注意的一点在于，一般LEDs发射高方向性的光，同时希望这些LEDs根据朗伯辐射器发射(漫射)。
本发明还一目的在于提高该照明系统的光混合性。为达到该目的，根据本发明的替代实施例的特征在于，该照明系统还具有反射装置。该照明系统中的这些LEDs设置成使发自LEDs的光的主要部分不能直接离开该照明系统，而是入射到反射装置上。使用反射装置的优点在于，可以混合发自(蓝和红光)LEDs的光和发自变换装置的(绿光)光。该反射装置较好是漫反射反射装置。通过使发自LEDs的光指向漫反射反射装置，反射的光也可以具有朗伯辐射器特征。结果，进一步提高了各色成分混合性和该照明系统的色效应。另外，该反射装置较好在不引起色效应变化的条件下反射光(白光-反射的反射装置)。结果，可以避免该照明系统所发光的不希望的色偏差。
所说反射装置较好包括选自BaSO4，ZnS，ZnO和TiO2中的一种材料。由于这些材料在400-800nm的波长范围内的反射系数在98％以上，所以是非常合适的材料，并且它们能够以漫射方式和与波长无关的方式进行反射。
还希望该照明系统的色温是可变的。根据本发明的照明系统的替代实施例的特征在于，通过分开驱动各发光二极管，可以调节该照明系统的色温。色温通过分开驱动各色得以(电)调节。通过适当地开和关(二极管链)LEDs，可以得到2000-6300K的可调色温范围。
从以后介绍的实施例中可以清楚本发明的这些和其它方面，结合这些实施例可以理解本发明的这些和其它方面。
附图说明
各附图中：
图1是根据本发明的照明系统的一个实施例的局部剖面侧视图；
图2示出了根据本发明的照明系统的一个实施例的发射光谱；
图3是根据本发明的照明系统的替代实施例的剖面图。
这些图是纯粹的示意图，并未按比例画。为清楚起见，某些尺寸放大了许多。在这些图中，只要可能，类似的参考数字都表示类似的部件。
具体实施方式
图1是根据本发明的照明系统的一个实施例的局部剖面侧视图。照明系统1包括容纳用于各发光二极管(LEDs)的驱动电子装置(图1中未示出)的外壳2和屏3。该例中，外壳具有所谓的E27灯帽4，灯帽4具有本身已知的机械和电接触装置。在照明系统的面对且远离灯帽4一侧上，有支架5，其上装有数个LEDs6，7，8，9。LEDs 6，7，8包括蓝光LEDs 6(最大光谱发射在460-490nm的波长范围内)、所谓的蓝-绿光LEDs 7(最大光谱发射在510-530nm的波长范围内)、和红光LEDs 8(最大光谱发射在590-630nm的波长范围内)的集合。根据本发明，LEDs 9包括发射黄光(最大光谱发射在575-605nm的波长范围内)的发光二极管。LEDs 6，7，8，9设置成使它们发射的光指向屏3。所说屏3设置在面对LEDs 6，7，8，9的一侧上，具有漫反射白光的反射装置10。该例中，该漫反射反射装置10包括一层BaSO4，该材料具有约100％的可见光(散射)反射系数。反射装置10可有效地混合LEDs6，7，8，9的光，各所说LEDs相对屏3定位成使各所说LEDs在照明系统1所发光的方向11上不直接发射它们的光，而是它们的光输出指屏3的内部，从而在方向11只发射反射光。
为了改变照明系统1的色温，并能根据需要调节色温，可以分开驱动各LEDs，于是造成了发自各LEDs的不同色光比例的改变。
借助于例子，表I示出了一种照明系统，包括：
·蓝光LEDs(由Nichia制造)：最大发射：470nm，半宽值(FWHM)＝20nm，流明当量：681m/W；
·蓝-绿光LEDs(由Nichia制造)：最大发射：520nm，FWHM＝40nm；
·黄光LEDs(由Hewlett Packard制造)：最大发射：590nm，FWHM＝20nm，流明当量(蓝-绿+黄)：4831m/W；
·红光LEDs(由Hewlett Packard制造)，最大发射：620nm，FWHM＝20nm，流明当量：2631m/W。
表1的第1列列出了各个希望的色温(Tc)值。第2、3和4列列出了三种光成分(三种光谱成分的量X的总和为1)的光谱成分(X)。表I的第3列中蓝-绿和黄光的光谱贡献加在一起。表I的第5列列出了色效应指数(Ra)。第6列列出了照明系统的发光效率(lum.eff.)。表I示出了通过只改变光源的成分(特别是蓝和红光LEDs)，容易在很宽的范围内调节照明系统的色温。
表I根据本发明的照明系统的一个实施例中的蓝和绿/黄和红LEDs的组合
Tc[K] x[蓝光] x[绿/黄] x[红光] Ra lum.eff.(1m/W)
2700 0.075 0.575 0.350 71 46.3
2900 0.116 0.577 0.307 70 44.1
4000 0.199 0.621 0.180 66 40.5
5000 0.267 0.609 0.124 63 37.1
6300  0.321 0.614 0.065 59 34.9
根据本发明的方法，以此方式可以得到基于四种LEDs的照明系统，该照明系统具有较高发光效率(35≤lum.eff.≤501m/W)和较好色效应指数(60≤Ra.≤70)。
图2示出了根据本发明的照明系统的一个实施例的发射光谱。发射T(任意单位)作为色温Tc＝4000K时，蓝、蓝-绿、黄和红光LEDs的可见光波长λ(nm)的函数绘制(图2中的光谱对应于表I第4行的数据)。图2中，蓝光LEDs 6的光谱最大值由(a)表示，对应于波长470nm，蓝-绿光LEDs 7的光谱最大值由(b)表示，对应于波长520nm，红光LEDs 8的光谱最大值由(c)表示，对应于波长620nm。根据本发明，该照明系统包括工作时发射另一波长范围内可见光的第四种LEDs9。图2中，黄光LEDs 9的光谱最大值由(d)表示，对应于波长590nm。这意味着，第四种LED 9的发射光谱位于另一波长范围575-605nm。
通过使用发射光谱在620-670波长范围内的深红光LEDs，可以提高该照明系统的色效应。
图3非常示意性地示出了根据本发明的照明系统的替代实施例。照明系统101包括外壳102和屏103。在照明系统101中，设有数个LEDs106，107，108，109。为清楚起见，图3示只出了四个LEDs。LEDs106，107，108包括蓝光LEDs 106(光谱发射430≤λ≤490nm)、蓝-绿光LEDs(光谱发射510≤λ≤530nm)、红光LEDs 107(光谱发射590≤λ≤630nm)的集合。根据本发明，LEDs 109包括发射黄光(光谱发射575≤λ≤605nm)的发光二极管。LEDs 106，107，108，109设置成使它们发射的光指向屏3(光的方向由图3中的表示光线的连续线示意性表示)。外壳102和面对LEDs的屏103的侧面具有反射装置110(漫反射白光)。通过使发自各LEDs的光指向漫反射反射装置110，可有效地混合各色光，此外，反射光具有朗伯辐射器的特征。LEDs 106，107，108，109所发光线和反射光线的路径由图3中的连续线示意性地表示。由于外壳也装有反射装置110，所以，可以反射LEDs反向发射的光，于是也对照明系统的发光效率有贡献。这种发光系统例如具有40-100个二极管，蓝光LEDs∶蓝-绿光LEDS∶黄光LEDs∶红光LEDs＝2∶4∶2∶1，根据表I所列各值，各LEDs的相对贡献设定为用以得到希望的色温。这些二极管较好按两行设置，包括与外壳102成小于90度的角(图3中示意性示出)。LEDs 106，107，108，109正向发射的光(由图3中的箭头116，117，118，119表示)可以通过至少一个靠住具有例如BaSO4等白色颜料的反射装置110的屏103的反射装置离开照明系统。借助于倾斜地设置LEDs，LEDs 106，107，108，109反向发射的光也可以通过多个反射器离开照明系统101(由图3中的箭头116’，117’，118’，119’表示)，从而对照明系统101作出有效的贡献。
根据本发明的照明系统具有以下优点，可以获得较高的发光效率(≥301m/W)、良好的色效应指数(60≤Ra≤75)及长使用寿命(≥75000小时)。
显然，在本发明的范围内，所属领域的技术人员可以作出许多改变。
可以按每个新颖特征和这些特征的组合实施本发明。

Claims (10)

1.一种产生白光的照明系统(1；101)，该照明系统至少包括三个发光二极管(6，7，8，106，107，108)，工作时，每个发光二极管发射预定波长范围内的可见光，该照明系统(1；110)至少包括第四发光二极管(9；109)，工作时，该第四二极管发射另一波长范围内的可见光，其特征在于第四个发光二极管的最大发射光谱位于575-605nm的所述另一波长范围内。
2.根据权利要求1的照明系统，其中第四个发光二极管(9；109)的最大发射光谱位于585-600nm的另一波长范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2的照明系统，其中照明系统(1；101)的色效应指数至少等于或大于60。
4.根据权利要求1或2的照明系统，其中照明系统(1；101)的发光效率至少等于或大于301m/W。
5.根据权利要求4的照明系统，其中照明系统(1；101)的发光效率大于401m/W。
6.根据权利要求1或2的照明系统，其中三个发光二极管(6，7，8；106，107，108)包括蓝光发光二极管(6；106)、蓝-绿发光二极管(7；107)和红光发光二极管(8；108)，第四种发光二极管(9；109)包括黄光发光二极管。
7.根据权利要求6的照明系统，其中蓝光发光二极管(6；106)的最大光谱发射在460-490nm的波长范围内，蓝-绿光发光二极管(7；107)的最大光谱发射在510-530nm的波长范围内，红光发光二极管(8；108)的最大光谱发射在610-630nm的波长范围内。
8.根据权利要求1或2的照明系统，其中照明系统(1；101)具有反射装置(3；103)。
9.根据权利要求8的照明系统，其中反射装置(3；103)包括选自BaSO4，ZnS，ZnO和TiO2中的一种材料。
10.根据权利要求1或2的照明系统，其中通过分开驱动各发光二极管(6，7，8，9；106，107，108，109)，可以调节该照明系统(1；101)的色温。
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