CN1137663C - 用于临时固定组织的某一局部区域的装置 - Google Patents

用于临时固定组织的某一局部区域的装置 Download PDF

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CN1137663C
CN1137663C CNB961973951A CN96197395A CN1137663C CN 1137663 C CN1137663 C CN 1137663C CN B961973951 A CNB961973951 A CN B961973951A CN 96197395 A CN96197395 A CN 96197395A CN 1137663 C CN1137663 C CN 1137663C
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C·博斯特
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H·J·曼斯韦尔特贝克
P·F·格伦德曼
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E·W·L·扬森
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/50Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
    • A61B17/0206Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors with antagonistic arms as supports for retractor elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00238Type of minimally invasive operation
    • A61B2017/00243Type of minimally invasive operation cardiac
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00681Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00694Aspects not otherwise provided for with means correcting for movement of or for synchronisation with the body
    • A61B2017/00703Aspects not otherwise provided for with means correcting for movement of or for synchronisation with the body correcting for movement of heart, e.g. ECG-triggered
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
    • A61B2017/0237Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors for heart surgery
    • A61B2017/0243Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors for heart surgery for immobilizing local areas of the heart, e.g. while it beats
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/30Surgical pincettes without pivotal connections
    • A61B2017/306Surgical pincettes without pivotal connections holding by means of suction
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00273Anchoring means for temporary attachment of a device to tissue
    • A61B2018/00291Anchoring means for temporary attachment of a device to tissue using suction

Abstract

一种用来临时固定组织某一局部区域的方法和装置。具体地说,本发明提供了一种用来临时固定心脏组织某一局部区域的方法和装置,以便在该区域上对冠状脉管进行手术,而不会显著降低搏动着的心脏的泵送功能。心脏组织的该局部区域被固定得达到一定程度,从而可以在心脏该区域上作侵入程度最小的手术或微型手术。本发明的特征在于一用来实现固定的抽吸装置。所述抽吸装置与负压抽吸源相连。所述抽吸装置在一表面上具有一系列抽吸口。通过所述装置的抽吸将使抽吸被保持在各抽吸口处。所述装置还具有一定形状以便与心脏表面相一致。因此,当将所述装置放置在心脏表面上并产生抽吸作用时,抽吸作用就通过各口与心脏表面相啮合。所述抽吸装置还固定于或制动于一固定体,诸如手术台或胸骨或肋骨牵开器。因此,位于所述抽吸装置附近的心脏该局部区域就相对于所述固定体得到临时固定,同时仍可以保持抽吸。以此方式,即使心脏本身仍然搏动着,也可以固定冠状动脉,从而可以进行分流移植。此外,所述抽吸装置也可以用在传统的开胸环境中或例如侵入程度最小的环境中,例如利用内窥镜作检查。

Description

用于临时固定组织的某一局部区域的装置
发明领域
本发明总的涉及人体组织和器官的外科手术。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种用来临时固定诸如心脏壁之类的组织某一运动区域的方法和装置,从而允许在组织的那一局部区域上进行外科手术。
背景技术
在西方社会,冠状动脉疾病一直是发病和死亡的主要原因。冠状动脉的疾病可以表现为多种方式。例如,冠状动脉的疾病会导致供给心脏各区域的血流量不足。这可能导致心绞痛和心肌缺血等症状。情况严重时,动脉血流的严重堵塞可导致对心肌组织造成不可恢复的损伤,包括心肌梗塞和死亡的危险。
已经研究出多种治疗冠状动脉疾病的方案。在不很严重的情况下,经常是借助药剂来治疗各种症状,或者是通过改变生活方式来治疗潜在的病因。在较严重的情况下,可以用例如气囊血管成形术(balloon angioplasty)、无热切除术、激光切除、斯坦特固定模(stents),等等来治疗冠状阻塞。
当这些方案失效或可能失效时,经常需要进行一冠状动脉分流移植术。该手术大致包括如下步骤:首先,实现可直接触及心脏。这通常是通过中心胸骨切开术打开胸腔并将左、右肋骨扩开而完成的;并且打开心包囊,以实现直接触及心脏。
接着,将一个或多个用于移植手术的血管从病人身上移开。这通常会伴随移动一乳房动脉或一隐静脉,但是也可以采用其它的移植血管。
接着,进行一心肺分流手术。这通常需要动脉和静脉插管,以便将血流连通于一心肺机,使体温降至摄氏32度,对主动脉的交叉夹持(cross-clamping)和对冠状动脉进行心麻痹灌注(cardioplegic perfusion)而使心搏停止并使心脏冷却至4摄氏度。因为心脏搏动而导致的不间断的泵送运动将会使在某些区域内进行心脏手术变得非常困难,甚至在另一些区域是不可能的,所以通常需要心脏停止搏动或跳动。
一旦心脏停止搏动,就可以将一移植物连接到一冠状动脉(或多个冠状动脉)的相关部分上,随后可以从心肺分流上断开,使心脏重新搏动并去除插管。最后将胸腔闭合。
会对病人产生麻烦并且在手术时特别费钱费时的是心肺分流。在心肺分流时,通常返回右心房的病人的所有的血液被转向一个可对血液提供氧气并可去除二氧化碳的系统,然后使以足够的压力血液返回病人的主动脉,进而分配到人体各部分。通常,这样一个系统需要若干个单独的构件,包括一充氧器、若干个泵、一容器、一血液温度控制系统、过滤器、以及流量、压力和温度传感器。
在心肺分流的过程中的问题是,反应血液具有非内皮表面,即不同于一血管的表面。特别是,暴露于外表面的血液实际会导致激活所有的炎症反应和某些反应较慢的特种免疫反应的体液和细胞。来自心肺分流的其它复杂的问题包括:因为剪切应力的损害而造成的血红细胞和血小板的损失。此外,心肺分流还需要采用一抗凝剂,例如肝素。这样就会增大出血的危险。最后,心肺分流有时需要给病人额外输血。如果是来自一供血源而不是病人的话,附加的血液可能将病人暴露于源出于血液的各种疾病。
由于在心肺分流的过程中可能发生种种危险,因而另一些人试图在没有心脏停跳和心肺分流的情况下进行冠状动脉移植分流手术。例如,Trapp和Bisarya在Annals Thorac.Surg.第19卷第1篇(1975年1月)第1-9页上发表的“没有充氧泵情况下冠状动脉分流移植的安置”,在该文中描述到,通过足够深的环状缝合来结合足够的肌肉,以使心脏的某一区域处于悬浮状态,并防止损伤冠状动脉。再近一些,Fanning等人在Annals Thorac.Surg.第55卷(1993年2月)第486-9页上发表的“在没有心肺分流的情况下的可翻新冠状动脉分流移植”中也描述了借助稳定缝合来固定分流移植物的区域。
虽然这些方案取得了一些成功,但它们通常需要外科医生具有强化的技能,以正确地吻合,因为即使借助缝合,搏动着的心脏也会高于所需地在相关区域内连续的移动。
发明概要
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种无需借助稳定缝合而临时固定组织的某一局部区域,例如一搏动着的心脏的某一区域的方法和装置。
本发明的另一个目的在于,提供一种便于在一搏动着的心脏上进行冠状动脉分流移植手术的方法和装置。
本发明的又一个目的在于,提供一种无需让心脏停止搏动,无需将病人连接于一心肺分流机的用来进行冠状动脉分流移植的的方法和装置。
这些和其它一些目的可以由本发明来实现,本发明包括一种用来临时固定组织的某一局部区域的方法和装置。特别是,本发明提供了一种用来临时固定心脏组织的某一局部区域的方法和装置,它允许在所述区域内的冠状血管上进行手术,并且不会使搏动着的心脏的泵血功能下降得很多。心脏组织的该局部区域被固定到这样的程度,即,足以在心脏的该区域内进行极小限度的侵入或微型手术。本发明的特征在于-能实现固定的抽吸装置。该抽吸装置连接于一负压源。该抽吸装置的一个表面上有一系列的抽吸口。通过该装置进行的抽吸可在各抽吸口处维持一定的抽吸作用。该装置的形状与心脏表面吻合。因此,当把该装置放到心脏表面上并产生抽吸时,借助各抽吸口的抽吸作用即可与心脏表面相配合。该抽吸装置还固定于一固定物体,例如一手术台或一胸骨或肋骨牵开器。因此,可在维持抽吸状态的同时,使抽吸装置附近的心脏区域相对于固定物体临时固定或稳定。在这样一种方式下,即使当心脏本身仍在搏动时也可以使冠状动脉固定,从而可将一分流移植物连接到冠状动脉上。此外,该抽吸装置还可以被用于一传统的、胸腔打开的情况,或者是一侵入程度最小的情况,例如内窥镜检查。
附图的简要说明
从以下结合附图对本发明所作的具体描述中可以最佳地理解本发明的前述和其它方面。在各附图中:
图1是用来临时固定心脏组织某一局部区域的装置的平面图,其中是通过作一小型的胸廓切开手术来接触心脏的。
图2a和图2b示出了图1中所使用的第一类型的抽吸装置。
图3a和图3b示出了图1中所使用的、第二类型的抽吸装置。
图4是本发明所使用的抽吸吸板的纵剖视图。
图5是沿图4中线5-5截取的、本发明所使用的抽吸吸板的横剖视图。
图6是本发明所使用的抽吸臂的纵剖视图。
图7是本发明所使用的抽吸臂的平面图。
图8是设置在一心脏上并扩展开的一对抽吸装置的具体结构图。
图9和图10示出了图8所示扩开运动(spread-apart motion)的效果。
图11是当心脏未受限制时、在1/2呼吸周期过程中、在平行于心脏组织上某一点的心脏表面的平面内的运动情况的例子,并还示出了当使用各抽吸装置使心脏组织上同一点的运动情况。
图12是图11的放大图,它示出了当使用各抽吸装置时心脏组织上的同一点的运动情况。
图13是本发明的另一实施例。
图14是用来临时固定心脏组织某一局部区域的装置的平面图,其中是通过作一正中胸骨切开手术而接触到心脏的。
图15是紧抵心脏表面放置的本发明另一实施例的侧视图。
图16是图15所示的本发明装置的另一实施例的仰视图。
图17是紧抵心脏表面放置的本发明的又一实施例的侧视图。
图18是本发明的再一实施例的仰视图。
图19是一人体的横剖视图,它示出了尤其是利用侵入程度较小的套针来接触到心脏表面的另一种方法。
图20A是一人体的横剖视图,它示出了本发明的另一实施例,特别是示出了所述紧固装置的另一实施例。
图20B是图20A所示实施例的俯视图。
图21是一紧固装置的立体图。
图22示出了所述紧固装置的俯视图。
图23是抽吸装置的另一实施例的侧视图。
图24是一抽吸装置的又一实施例。
图25是一固定装置的另一实施例的立体图。
图26A是用在所述固定装置中的抽吸吸板的另一实施例的仰视图。
图26B是用在所述固定装置中的抽吸吸板的又一实施例的立体图。
图27是一用来弯曲或定向所述固定装置的抽吸吸板部分的转动手柄的立体图。
图28是固定装置的另一实施例的仰视图。
图29是本发明另一实施例中所用的伸展器的平面图。
图30示出了伸展器的另一实施例。
图31示出了固定装置的另一实施例,特别示出了用来将每一抽吸吸板紧固于手术台导轨的紧固装置的另一实施例。
图32是图31所示的臂的横剖视图。
图33示出了本发明的又一实施例,特别是与图13所示的基本类似的、但是各抽吸口位于抽吸吸板顶部的一种抽吸装置。
各附图并不是按比例绘制的。
较佳实施例的具体描述
图1是用来临时固定心脏组织某一区域的固定装置11的视图。在该较佳实施例中,外科医生是通过一小型胸廓切开手术而触及心脏的局部区域,最好是在第四或第五肋间空间内进行。在该两肋骨之间的胸腔内(参见虚线)切开一近似10厘米的切口10。可以临时移开肋软骨,并利用一牵开器(未示)使所述切口周围的各肋骨稍稍扩展开,从而可以提供适当的外科通道而接触到乳房动脉和心脏。如图所示,插入一对抽吸装置12、13。第一抽吸装置12是通过一小的刺伤性伤口8而插入的,所述刺伤性伤口位于两肋骨之间、切口10的下方近似10厘米处。该刺伤性伤口可以以任何一种可接受的方式而做出。一旦完成这种外科手术,在闭合上胸腔之后,所述刺伤性伤口可以用于胸廓排液。正如以下结合图19所描述的那样,所述抽吸装置具有一由胶乳橡胶制成的罩子180,当它穿透胸腔壁时所述罩子套在末端上,以避免血液和组织进入抽吸口并阻塞抽吸孔。在引入所述抽吸装置之后,除去罩子180,所述末端就位于心脏上了。第二抽吸装置13是通过切口10而引入到心脏表面上的。如图所示,每一抽吸装置的末端最终都置于心脏组织的待固定的某一局部区域内,即置于其上行将做出一移植物的冠状动脉的每一侧上。
如图所示,抽吸装置12、13是分别利用紧固装置14、15而紧固于例如外科手术台16的固定物体上。当然,除了外科手术台之外,还可以将其它物体用作固定物体,它们包括底板、天花板,甚至是病人,诸如病人骨骼系统的某一部分,例如,胸骨。在该实施例中,每一紧固装置14、15都是一型号为244的可变摩擦臂,它们可以从意大利Feltre BL I-32032的Zona Industriale di Villapaiera的Manfrotto Nord,Inc.公司购得。每一紧固装置14、15具有一系列可以锁定在位的肘节17。因此,所述紧固装置可以将所述抽吸装置锁定在三维空间内部任意所需位置上。尽管未予示出,每一紧固装置(或者每一抽吸装置或两抽吸装置)也可以彼此相连,从而可以形成一桁架型结构,从而可以提高所述固定装置11的整体刚性。
抽吸装置12、13是通过管线20、21与一抽吸源114相连的。抽吸源114最好是那种在手术室内可以获得的标准抽吸源,并且可以藉助用于每一装置的两升缓冲瓶(buffer flask)(未示)与所述各装置相连。所提供的抽吸压力是一在200-600毫米汞柱的负压,最好是400毫米汞柱。如图所示,每一抽吸装置基本上具有两个部分,一吸板22和一臂23。图2和图3分别示出了抽吸装置12和13的具体结构。
现请参阅图2a和图2b,图2a是一抽吸装置12的侧视图,它示出了紧抵心脏轮廓而放置的抽吸装置。如图所示,所述抽吸装置的末端包括一藉助一连续铰链或颈部71而连接起来的吸板22和臂23。吸板22具有一大体上呈平面的表面,所述表面与此处以轮廓线示出的心脏1的曲率大体相符。在该较佳实施例中,抽吸臂23与抽吸吸板22相连,因此抽吸吸板22可以旋转或者弯曲,从而可以相对于臂23而获得所需的取向。这是由颈部71来完成的。颈部71设计成是可以相对弯曲,也就是说可以用手将它弯曲到所需取向,而吸板22和臂23都是刚性的。在该较佳实施例中,抽吸吸板22和抽吸臂23都是由不锈钢316制成的,而颈部71是由不锈钢321制成的。当然,除了可以用手来使颈部71能适应需要之外,也可以设置其它装置以使吸板22能相对于臂23移动或旋转,诸如在已有技术中所周知的锁定铰链,以及一远程驱动的关节。例如,参见Hassler申请的美国专利No.5,374,277,本文援引该专利的内容作为参考。据信,对于一用作内窥镜检查使用的抽吸装置来说,一远程驱动的铰链是特别有利的。如图所示,臂23内穿设有一抽吸腔30,它通过颈部腔72而与吸板22内的抽吸导管31连通。吸板22内的抽吸导管31还通过抽吸孔32(在图2b中可以最清楚地看到)通向抽吸口33。
图2b是抽吸装置12的仰视图。如图所示,在该较佳实施例中,尽管特定或具体数量和具体位置是可以变化的,但是,其特征是采用了四个排成一列的抽吸口33。每一抽吸口33具有一抽吸孔32,每一抽吸孔最好位于偏离抽吸口33的中心的位置上。各抽吸孔32偏离抽吸口33的中心,因此如果因抽吸而使组织发生较大的上涌(upwelling)(可能以水疱或铃形曲线的形式出现),组织不会立即通过阻塞抽吸孔32来封锁抽吸,但是如果所述抽吸孔位于抽吸口33的中心位置,组织是可以立即通过阻塞抽吸孔32来封锁抽吸的。此外,与抽吸口33的直径相比,抽吸孔32的直径要小得多,这样就在抽吸口33和抽吸导管31之间形成了一阻力较大的通道,它使在一个抽吸口内组织与抽吸口之间的密封损失(进而造成抽吸口对组织的固定能力损失)也不会使其余抽吸口内有急剧的压力降。在该较佳实施例中,抽吸孔32的直径是2mm,而抽吸口的直径是6mm。通过比较图2A和图2B可以看到,若干相对笔直的侧抽吸口限定了一个通过每一抽吸口端部的、大致平的表面。
现请参见图3a和3b,图3a是图1所示抽吸装置13的侧视图。如图所示,抽吸装置13的末端包括包括由一连续铰链或颈部71连接起来的吸板22和臂23。吸板22具有一与心脏1的曲率大致相符、大致平的表面。在该较佳实施例中,抽吸臂23与抽吸吸板22相连,因此抽吸吸板22可以沿着三根轴线中的任意一根旋转或弯曲,从而可以相对于臂获得所需的取向。这是由颈部71来完成的。颈部71与图2a所示的基本相似,只是抽吸装置13具有一与抽吸臂23成一定角度的抽吸吸板22。在该较佳实施例中,抽吸装置13的抽吸吸板22垂直于抽吸臂23,但也可以采用其它的角度取向。
图3b是抽吸装置13的仰视图。如图所示,在该较佳实施例中,抽吸装置13的抽吸吸板22与图2b所示的基本相似。在该较佳实施例中,抽吸孔32的直径为2mm,而抽吸口33的直径是6mm。
图4是固定装置11中所用的抽吸吸板22的纵剖视图。如图所示,吸板22具有一系列抽吸口33,每一抽吸口通过一抽吸孔32与抽吸导管31相连。每一抽吸口33具有大体平直的圆柱形侧面。当然,也可以采用其它结构,诸如锥形的抽吸口、穹窿形的抽吸口,等等。正如通过该图可以看到的那样,各抽吸口自身的底部或日端部限定了一个沿着所述吸板的底面穿过每一抽吸口端部的、大体平的表面。而且,尽管图中所示的各抽吸口是相互连接的或者可以限定一连续表面,但是,还可以将各抽吸口设置成这样:即它们是彼此相互独立的,并且彼此不同,但是它门仍可以沿着所述吸板的底面、沿着它们的端部而限定一平的表面。
图5是沿图4中线5-5截取的抽吸吸板22的剖视图。如图所示,抽吸口33通过抽吸孔32与抽吸导管31相连。抽吸吸板22的顶部具有一斜的或倾斜的表面36。藉此类型的表面,可以更好地接触到区域37,以进行外科手术。
图6是抽吸臂23的纵向剖视图。抽吸臂23的末端71具有一与之相固定的颈部71(在该图中未示)。如图所示,臂23内穿设有一抽吸腔30,所述抽吸腔通过颈部71的颈部腔72(在该图中以虚线示出)而与吸板22内的抽吸导管31相连通。如图7所示,图7是抽吸臂23的平面图,近端75具有一系列隆起的凸脊76,以便于将一来自于抽吸源的抽吸管线与抽吸臂23相连。
图8是一对设置在心脏上并散布隔开的抽吸装置12、13的具体结构图。如图所示,每一抽吸装置的吸板22、27通常是放置在需要临时固定心脏组织的区域34中。当用作一冠状分流移植物时,区域34内通常将具有一穿过它的冠状动脉35。区域34位于吸板22、27之间。一旦将吸板放置到区域34的周围,就可以在各抽吸口(图中未示)内产生抽吸作用。借助这种抽吸作用就可以将装置固定并抓附到心脏组织上。
一旦产生抽吸,并且两吸板紧固于心脏组织,每一抽吸装置就朝着箭头40、41所示方向稍稍扩展开至图中42、43所示的位置。这种扩展开的效果可导致在两吸板之间的心脏组织的区域34内形成一张紧力。该张紧力可以将使区域34进一步固定,特别是在Z方向上,即垂直于由心脏表面限定的平面的方向上。这在图9和图10中有所表示。
如图9所示,即使两吸板有所述移动,位于两吸板之间的心脏组织区域仍具有一些垂直移动,如箭头50所示。当两吸板22、27轻微地扩展开而导致在两吸板之间的组织的区域34内产生一张紧力时,如图10所示,因张紧力而使吸板22、27之间的区域34移动的移动量就进一步减小,尤其是在Z方向上,即垂直于心脏1表面的方向上。将吸板22、27这样定位并紧固并且所述组织区域被临时固定之后,就可以对该区域内的冠状动脉进行手术。
在该实施例中,可以利用任何一种可接受的、端部至侧部或者一侧至另一侧的技术来进行冠状动脉吻合手术。当然,也可以使用其它的进行吻合术的方法,诸如那些用内窥镜来进行的方法。
图11是当心脏未受约束时、在1/2呼吸周期过程中、在一平行于心脏组织某一点上的心脏表面的平面内的运动情况的例子,该图还示出了当使用抽吸装置时心脏组织上的同一点的运动情况。线条60是心脏表面上某一组织的某一点的运动情况的踪迹。如线条60所示,心脏表面上的某一点在每一方向均运动约15毫米。总的来说,运动的每一个环路均示出了一个心搏周期内、搏动心脏的运动情况。因此,一个心搏周期就会产生一个环路61。下一个心搏周期就产生了环路62,但是由于与呼吸有关的两肺的充气和放气作用,整个心脏的位置会稍有移动。线条63示出了当将抽吸装置放置在所述区域附近并且心脏壁藉助本发明而固定时心脏组织上同一点的运动情况。如图所示,本发明的作用在于将该区域内的心脏壁的运动量减至最小,即在每一方向上移动近似1毫米。这可以在图12中最清楚地看到,图12是图11的放大图,尤其是线条63的放大图,如图所示,通过使用本发明,心脏壁的移动已被减小至只略微大于1毫米。减小抽吸装置的所述区域内的移动量从而可以藉助一内窥镜或其它任何一种侵入程度最小的手术对仍然搏动着的心脏进行手术。
图13是本发明的另一实施例。如图所示,图13所示的实施例包括一借助滚珠轴承接头84与一环形抽吸头81相连的抽吸套筒80。滚珠轴承接头84可以被设置成可以从胸腔外部的某一位置远距驱动抽吸头81。抽吸头81具有一系列沿着第一平表面设置的抽吸口82。在所示的该实施例中,其上设置有各抽吸口82的平表面呈圆锥形形状,但也可以采用其它类型的平表面,举例来说诸如截锥形。抽吸头81可以构造成:所述抽吸装置的每一半都与一独立的抽吸源相连。通过这样一种结构,如果抽吸头81的一半与所述表面脱开接触,抽吸头81的另一半仍保持捕获状态。抽吸套筒80象以上所描述的那样使用。也就是说,抽吸套筒80自身与一抽吸源(未示,但与抽吸源114相同)相连,并固定于一固定点,诸如手术台或一牵开器(也未示)。通过抽吸源和抽吸套筒80的抽吸作用和将使得各抽吸口82对心脏组织进行抽吸。藉此结构,抽吸套筒中心位置内的心脏组织就被固定了。断口或开口83在允许抽吸头81被固定于心脏组织的同时,还可以移植一血管。具体地说,如果已经将一乳房动脉此端部至侧部的方式移植到一冠状动脉,开口83就能使抽吸头81从被移植的动脉周围移开。
图14是利用另一种作较佳小型胸廓切开术来接触人体内部的方法来临时固定心脏组织某一局部区域的所述装置的视图。具体地说,通过病人的胸骨将心脏1切开一切口2,并藉助一牵开器3将所述胸腔打开,从而可以接触到心脏1内部。接触心脏1还受到行将对其手术的心脏1的所述区域内的心包4的牵曳作用的影响。如图所示,心包的牵曳是通过各缝线5来完成的。
如图所示,固定装置11包括一对抽吸装置12、13和一抽吸源114。抽吸装置12、13都固定在病人上,每一抽吸装置均通过一对夹具19而固定于牵开器3上。当然,抽吸装置12、13也可以固定于手术台上(该图中未示,但是利用的是一如上所述的紧固装置)。抽吸装置都藉助管线20、21与抽吸源114相连。抽吸源114最好是在手术室内可以得到的标准抽吸源,并藉助用于每-抽吸装置的一个两升缓冲瓶(未示)而与所述抽吸装置相连。所提供的抽吸作用是一在200-600毫米汞柱的负压,最好是400毫米汞柱。如图所示,每一抽吸装置均具有两个部分,一吸板22和一臂23。
现请参阅图15,图15是抽吸装置12的另一实施例,它示出了一紧抵心脏放置的抽吸装置。如图所示,所述抽吸装置的末端包括一吸板22和一臂23。吸板22具有一大致平的、与心脏1的曲率基本相符的表面,图中只示出了心脏1的轮廓线。吸板22通过一销子24与一臂23相连。销子24可以使吸板22相对于臂23以一较佳角度进行旋转如图所示,臂23内贯穿有一与吸板22内的抽吸导管31相连通的抽吸腔30。抽吸导管31又通过抽吸孔32(在图4中可以最清楚地看到)通向抽吸口33。
图16是图15所示抽吸装置12的仰视图。如图所示,其特征在于具有四个排成一列的抽吸口33,但是所使用的具体或确切个数和位置是可以改变的。
图17是抽吸装置12的又一实施例,它示出了一紧抵心脏轮廓放置的抽吸装置。如图所示,除了缝合线圈73(suture coil)之外,抽吸装置12与图2所示的是基本相同的。缝合线圈73是一固定于抽吸吸板22的顶面的、紧紧卷绕的弹簧。如果需要,可以通过用小牵引力的缝线来捕获贲门上部皮瓣而进一步临时稳定冠状吻合术的部位。缝合线圈73可以象已有技术中众所周知的那样,通过将所述缝线(suture)楔入缝合线圈73内部之间将这些和其它缝线临时固定在位。
图18是抽吸装置12的又一实施例的仰视图。如图所示,除了沿着抽吸装置12的一侧设置有电极174之外,抽吸装置12与图2所示的是基本相同的。电极174藉助导线175与脉冲发生器176相连。电极174、导线175和脉冲发生器176可以根据众所周知的方法和材料来设置,从而可以使心脏起搏、复律或去纤颤,而将抽吸装置12固定于心脏的表面上。
图19是一人体的横剖视图,它示出了另一种接触到心脏表面并利用本发明来固定组织区域的方法。如图所示,通过一第一刺伤性伤口引入抽吸装置12。如上所述,抽吸装置12的抽吸臂23藉助紧固装置14而紧固于一固定体,诸如手术台16。一第二抽吸装置可以通过一第二刺伤性伤口而引入,以紧紧固定组织的某一局部区域。每一抽吸装置均具有一由胶乳橡胶制成的罩子180,当它穿透胸腔壁时它是套在抽吸装置的末端上的,从而可以避免血液和组织进入各抽吸口并阻塞各抽吸孔。可以引入两个或多个附加性导引套针78,从而可以用内窥镜检查心脏1并接触到心脏进行手术。此外,左肺79也可能是局部凹陷的,从而可以提供一可以在其内操作各种手术器械的未受阻塞的区域。
图20A是一人体的横剖视图,它示出了本发明的一实施例,具体地说,示出了所述紧固装置的另一实施例。在本实施例中,紧固装置包括一对藉助基座204固定于手术台203的固位凹(anchor)201、202。如图所示,手术台藉助基座204与底板205相连。每一固位凹利用一对紧固件206、207连接在手术台的每一侧上。在本较佳实施例中,紧固件是一对与每一固位凹内部的纵向狭槽相连接的螺钉,从而可以向内、向外以及上、下调节各固位凹,如接头所示方向。如图所示,各固位凹设计得紧随病人210的外廓,从而可以提供一可以在其上进行手术的光滑表面。每一固位凹藉助紧固件211、212与牵开器3相连。在牵开器3上,连接有一安装用导轨999,在下文所述的图20B中可以清楚地看到所述导轨。与安装用导轨相连的还有一对滑动-夹紧型保持件12A。13A或其它可以快速但牢固地安装或拆卸一物体的保持件,安装在各保持件内是一对如前文所述的抽吸装置12B、13B。在本较佳实施例中,每一固位凹均是一条生物适合的金属条,诸如不锈钢,其宽度约5-8厘米,厚度约0.6-0.8厘米。如图所示,位于各固位凹底板的是一桁架。具体地说,每一固位凹均具有一固定于其上的下降件216、217,每一下降件藉助一对横拉条218、219连接起来。可以理解,藉此结构,可以提高各固位凹的稳定性,并由此可以提高安装在其上的抽吸装置的稳定性。
图20B是图20A所示实施例的俯视图。如图所示,一安装用导轨999安装在固位凹201、202上。在本实施例中,安装用导轨的形状是椭圆形的。如图所示,安装导轨用于安装滑动-夹紧型保持件12A、13A以及与它们相应的抽吸装置。为了更精确,安装用导轨可以牢固地安装抽吸装置,但还能在手术区域内方便地移动它们。而且,所述椭圆形形状更适于与手术区域相对应。当然,也可以采用其它形状,诸如圆形、或不对称的形状。当然,也可以采用其它结构的安装用导轨、牵开器和固位凹,诸如一与各固位凹呈一体的牵开器,或者一与所述牵开器或两者呈一体的安装用导轨,为了便于说明只提到了很多可能中的两种情况。
在使用中,接触到心脏以及胸腔壁的牵开是在定位固位凹之前进行的。一旦到心脏的通道建立之后,将所述牵开器与各固位凹相连,并随后将各固位凹固定于手术台。此时,牵开器就相对于手术台固定,并可以提供一固定体,以一对抽吸装置12B、13B为特征的所述固定装置可以与所述固定体相连。
图21和图22示出了抽吸装置的又一实施例。图21是一紧固装置的立体图。如图所示,在本实施例中,所述紧固装置包括一对成形导轨220、221。如图所示,每一导轨均通过一系列螺钉222、223与手术台203相连。尽管图21和图22中未予示出,每一导轨的另一特征在于一如图20A所示的桁架形结构,它设置在手术台的下方,可以提供额外的刚性和稳定性。如图所示,每一导轨还向内、朝着病人210(图20A中以轮廓线示出)的方向倾斜。这样外科医生就可以接触到病人的上方。每一导轨之间的骑墙是一安装件224。所述安装件可以沿着所述导轨进行调节。各安装件还设计得具有一安装在其上的抽吸装置。以此方式,安装件224和导轨220、221可以提供一可以将抽吸装置安装于其上的固定体。
图22示出了用来将一抽吸装置设置在心脏上的导轨220、221的俯视图。如图所示,在本实施例中,两个抽吸装置225、226利用一对如上所述的滑动-夹紧型保持件12A、13A而紧固于所述安装件。
现请参阅图23,图23是抽吸装置12的另一实施例的侧视图。如图所示,抽吸装置12的该实施例其特征在于一已在上文中描述的抽吸口33。每一抽吸口通过一也已在上文中描述的抽吸孔32与一抽吸导管31相连。但是,在本实施例中,所述抽吸装置还可以使冲洗流体分配到行将做吻合术的心脏区域上。如图所示,冲洗流体源133藉助一冲洗管线134与冲洗流体导管135相连。如图所示,冲洗软管设计成具有一定的柔性,从而可以使它能沿着几种角度旋转并移动,并且最好是一编织的不锈钢软管。冲洗软管在其端部分配冲洗流体。冲洗流体最好是温热的盐雾,它能防止暴露的组织干化。此外,流体是在压力下分配的,因而盐雾具有一种力,可借以使冠状动脉保持打开,从而更方便地进行吻合手术。抽吸装置还具有一冲洗流体返回管道。如图所示,冲洗流体返回管道包括一冲洗返回口140,该返回口与一冲洗返回管道141相连。冲洗返回管道连接于一抽吸源,以对冲洗返回管142进行抽吸,因而能可靠地将冲洗流体从手术区域去除。虽然图中示出的抽吸装置是一个成整体的部分,但是所述冲洗系统和抽吸系统可以是,也可以不是抽吸装置的一部分。
图24是一抽吸装置的另一个实施例。如图所示,抽吸装置的特征是如上所述的抽吸口、抽吸管道和抽吸孔。然而,在该实施例中,抽吸装置还具有一光纤150,其一端连接于进行吻合术的抽吸装置的区域,并且还连接于一光源151。在这种方式下,抽吸装置可以为进行吻合术的区域提供附加的光线152。
图25是一固定装置11的另一实施例的立体图。如图所示,在该实施例中,每个抽吸装置均通过一对保持件12A,13A而连接于一安装梁998,这也可以参照图20A。安装梁998的特征是它有两段,每一段都可以单独地旋转,或者是扩展开,或者是两者都旋转。特别是,安装梁具有中心螺纹件997,996。每一中心螺纹件的端部均具有一驱动旋钮994,995。每个旋钮可以使安装在安装梁部分的抽吸装置离开或者朝着安装梁的中心移动,如箭头993所示。安装梁998是通过一中心臂992安装在一个固体物上,例如一牵开器、安装用导轨或固定臂。简单地通过使每个相关的装置移动,就可以令每个抽吸装置相对于安装梁进一步地转动,如箭头991,990所示。当只采用一个固定臂时,可以利用安装梁来固定抽吸装置。在这种方式下,安装梁可以允许将两个装置固定到一固定物体上,并且可以允许两抽吸装置移动得离开,从而在一组织的局部区域提供附加的固定,如以上结合图8-10描述的那样。
图26A是固定装置中所采用的抽吸吸板22的另一个实施例的底部视图。如图所示,吸板有一系列的抽吸口,每个抽吸口均通过一抽吸孔而连接于一抽吸管道。在该实施例中,吸板的特征是它有五个抽吸口。在不靠近冠状动脉或普通的手术目标的抽吸吸板的侧面设置了附加的抽吸口,这个附加的抽吸口可以增大抽吸的表面积。每个抽吸口33的直径是6mm,而每个抽吸孔的32的直径是2mm。
图26B是固定装置中所采用的抽吸吸板22的另一个实施例的底部的立体图。从该实施例中可以看到,吸板22相对颈部71和臂23的取向是90度。当然,吸板相对于颈部的取向也可以是除了90度以外的其它角度。在该实施例中,吸板的特征是它有四个抽吸口,但是也可以设置多一些或少一些的抽吸口。每个抽吸口的直径是6mm,每个抽吸孔的直径是2mm。
图27是用来弯曲或使固定装置的抽吸吸板22具有一定取向的转动手柄161的立体图。如上所述,颈部71设计得可以相对于吸板22和臂23作相对弯曲。如图所示,手柄161的特征在于开口980,这些开口具有与吸板相同的形状和尺寸,从而可以将吸板插入其内。手柄的另一特征在于颈部982和夹紧部981。颈部和夹紧部都具有一定尺寸从而可以提供一个抵住开口980,进而是吸板、颈部和臂的杠杆。使用时,将吸板插入开口。插入之后,借助抓手部分相对于臂的控制,可使颈部区域弯曲。与用手来弯曲装置相比,采用这样一种手柄有利于避免医生扭伤进行所需控制的手部肌肉。
图28是固定装置11的另一个实施例的仰视图。如图所示,该固定装置的特征在于一对抽吸吸板171,172,每一吸板均通过一连续的铰链或如上所述的颈部连接于一臂。所述臂依次连接于一也如上所述的固定物体。在该实施例中,各臂还利用一伸展器(spreader)180来进一步的相互紧固。如上所述,各臂的分开是在吸板借助心脏表面的抽吸而配合动作时进行的,从而可以局部地增大贲门张力,进而阻尼或降低因心脏固有的搏动而产生的心脏表面的运动。由于伸展器可以作为一桁架状元件,所以它还可以为吸板提供额外的稳定性。
现请参见图29,伸展器180包括借助一翼形螺母183而相互连接的一对杆件181,182。一个杆件的特征在于一结合销184,而另一个杆件的特征在于一结合槽185。每一杆件还通过一相应的内腔186,187而进一步地连接于固定装置的每一相应臂。在这样一种方式下,每一杆件可牢牢地连接于每一臂。如箭头188所示的那样沿纵向操控各杆件,就可以使各臂,进而是各吸板相对靠近或分开地可靠定位。
图30示出了伸展器180的另一个实施例。如图所示,该伸展器的特征在于一对如上所述的那样连接于一相应抽吸装置的各臂的杆件。所述的两个杆件还借助传动装置190而进一步地相互连接。传动装置依次连接于一电动机191。如图所示,电动机进一步地连接于一电源192。将电动机和电源连接起来的是一个控制器193。控制器可以自动地检测由所述伸展器产生的抽吸装置内的伸展量。在该较佳实施例中,控制器可传感电动机所需的电力或能源的量,以便进一步地使伸展器伸展,进而使抽吸吸板分开。当达到一临界量时,控制器切断电动机的电源,从而将伸展器锁定在目前的位置上。该特征允许伸展器自动地使吸板伸展分开到足以阻尼壁运动的程度,并且不会让伸展器将吸板分得过开而造成因失去抽吸产生的心脏壁俘获现象。当然,还可以采用另一些设计来控制抽吸吸板的伸展,例如其它的机械或液压驱动或控制的系统。
图31示出了固定装置的另一个实施例,特别是一用于固定各抽吸吸板的固定装置的另一个实施例。如图所示,该系统的特征在于一对具有一球体及插口结构的臂351,352。如图所示,各臂的特征在于,在其自由端设有一如上所述的滑动和夹紧型的保持件12A和13A。每一臂的两端装配在一底座970,971内。每一底座均可锁定在一个导轨夹紧装置968,969上,该夹紧装置在手术台203的侧边缘处锁定到导轨901,902上。轨道夹紧装置的底部设有锁定驱动器967,968。当相应的手柄沿着箭头965所示的方向之一转动时,锁定驱动器可与臂协作,将臂锁定在位。尤其是,锁定驱动器可将相应臂内的拉索收紧,从而借助球体及插口结构而将臂锁定到位。每一锁定驱动器的底部设有一桁架。尤其是,每一锁定驱动器上均固定了一下降用元件216,217,每一下降用元件通过一对交叉撑杆218,219相互铰接。交叉撑杆可以在它们的中点相互连接,也可以不连接。应该理解,借助该桁架结构,可以提高固定件,进而是安装于其上的抽吸装置的稳定性,如早些时候结合图20A讨论的那样。
图32是图31中所示臂的剖视图,特别示出了球体及插口结构的细节。该附图中只示出了一个部分,以便说明球体及插口结构。每一管子800(其中的若干个被用来产生臂)均具有一定的端部结构,以便与球体801的形状相配,也就是说,每个管子的相应端部具有一半球体形的空间,其半径与球体的外表面相对应,因此,与管子的端部仅被直线截取的情况相比,管子的较大部分可与球体接触。这种几何结构增大了管子和球体之间的表面积,从而加强了臂固定到位时的稳定性。每一球体801还具有一内衬套802。如图所示,内衬套的形状使其在每一端具有一锥形的开口803。沿着臂的长度方向,特别是在每个管子元件和球体内设有一拉索804。该拉索最好是由(kevlar)构造而成,并具有聚氨酯覆层,且紧固于臂的一端,因而通过拉紧拉索,就可以使球体和管子部分相互接触并借助摩擦相互固定。臂的操作如下所述。当拉索上没有张力作用时,管子元件可以很容易地相对球体滑动。然而,作用在拉索上的张力可增大管子和球体之间的摩擦。足够的张力可使球体和管子相互之间变得不能移动。衬套802内的锥部可使拉索无论管子元件和球体的取向如何都能保持同样的长度。也就是说,如果臂是弯曲的,并具有一定的曲率半径,锥部可使拉索保持同样的长度。这样就能使臂更方便地移动,随后再锁定到位。
图33示出了本发明的另一个实施例,特别是大致类似于图13所示的抽吸装置,但是该装置的两组抽吸口位于抽吸吸板的顶部。如图所示,各抽吸管线具有一旋塞861,862,以使一组或两组相关的抽吸口可分别单独地与它们的抽吸源脱开。臂823包含用于每一抽吸管线的内腔,以及颈部871,872由此延伸的端部。如上所述,每一颈部均设计为弯曲状。抽吸吸板安装于颈部,如图所示,该抽吸吸板的特征是环状布置的抽吸口列,它们位于吸板的相对于臂的上表面。抽吸吸板的特征是具有16个抽吸口,一组8个是沿着连接于一抽吸管线的一侧81,而第二组的8个是沿着连接于另一抽吸管线的另一侧82。借助这种配置,即使一侧失去了俘获组织的能力,因而另一侧仍然连接于一抽吸源,所以在该侧上的压力仍在,可以维持该区域内的俘获能力。在如图所示实施例中,各抽吸口是沿着吸板顶部的大致呈圆锥形的平面布置的,但也可以采用其它类型的平面,例如截锥形平面。沿着环形吸板顶部分布的各抽吸口的取向,对触及心脏后面或背面以便使心脏移动或重新定位而更好地达到难以触及的区域是特别有用的。
为了有助于手术位置的暴露,还可以采用一与固定装置相结合的牵开器,例如匙形的探针,以便将其它组织从手术区域移开。
如上所述,本发明涉及一种用于固定组织的方法和装置。在较佳实施例中,本发明是用于在打开或闭合胸腔,无需进行心肺分流而进行一冠状动脉分流移植手术时,固定心脏组织,然而,利用本发明还可以进行其它需要固定人体组织的外科技术,例如对胃、胆囊之类的器官,以及眼睛或皮肤之类其它的人体组织。此外,虽然上面已结合一较佳实施例和若干个变化的实施例详细描述了本发明,但应该理解,在所附权利要求的范围内仍可以实现各种变型或改动。这类变型包括能实现基本相同功能的替代元件或构件,它们能以基本相同的方式达到与如上所述基本类似的效果。

Claims (40)

1.一种用来临时固定组织的某一区域的装置,它包括:
一具有一内腔(30、31)的构件(12),所述内腔与一抽吸口(33)相连,所述抽吸口沿着所述构件的第一平的表面设置,所述内腔与所述抽吸源相连,对所述内腔的抽吸作用通向所述抽吸口;以及
用来将所述构件固定于一固定体的装置(14、15);其中所述构件包括一臂(23)和一吸板(22),所述第一表面位于所述吸板上,用以抓住所述组织的选定区域;
其特征在于,还包括连接装置(71),该连接装置连接所述臂(23)和所述吸板(22),并允许所述吸板(22)相对于所述臂(23)移动、旋转或锁定。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述连接装置包括一运动自如的颈部(71),所述颈部具有一近端和一末端,所述末端与所述臂(23)相连,所述末端与所述吸板(22)相连。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述连接装置包括一可弯曲部分。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述连接装置包括一销子。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述连接装置包括一球体和插口(84)。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述吸板(22)可以藉助所述连接装置以一角度固定于所述臂(23)。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构件(12)的所述第一平的表面是弧形的。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述内腔(30、31)通过所述臂(23)延伸至所述吸板(22),所述内腔还通过所述臂延伸至所述抽吸口(33),所述抽吸口位于所述吸板(22)上。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置,所述固定体是一手术台(16)。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述固定体是一牵开器(3)。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置装置,其特征在于,它还包括:
一具有第二抽吸口(33)的第二构件(13),所述第二构件与所述第一构件(12)隔开设置,因此其间形成一固定区;
一用来将所述第一构件和第二构件紧固于一固定体的紧固装置(14、15),所述紧固装置与所述第一构件和第二构件相连。
12.如权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二构件(13)具有一沿所述第一平的表面设置的抽吸口(33)。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的装置,其特征在于,所述紧固装置包括一具有第一可锁定肘节(17)的第一可变摩擦臂(14、15);以及一具有第二可锁定肘节(17)的第二可变摩擦臂(14、15)。
14.如权利要求11或12所述的装置,其特征在于,它还包括:一与所述第一构件相连并与所述第一构件的抽吸口连通的第一抽吸源(114);以及一与所述第二构件相连并与所述第二构件的抽吸口连通的第二抽吸源(114)。
15.如权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,它还包括一用来使所述第一构件与第二构件扩开的装置(180)。
16.如权利要求15所述的装置,其特征在于,所述用来使所述第一构件和第二构件扩开的装置(180)包括一固定于所述第一构件的第一杆和一与所述第二构件相连的第二杆,所述第一杆具有一线性狭槽,所述第二杆具有用来啮合所述线性狭槽并将所述第二杆固定于所述第一杆的装置。
17.如权利要求15或16所述的装置,其特征在于,用来使所述第一构件与所述第二构件扩开的装置包括与所述第一杆和第二杆相连的电动机装置(191),以使所述第一杆远离第二杆;与所述电动机装置相连的动力装置(192),以赋予所述电动机装置动力;以及与所述电动机装置和动力装置相连的控制装置(193),以控制电动机装置的运作。
18.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构件还包括一用来将冲洗流体分配到紧邻所述构件的某一区域的装置(140、141)。
19.如权利要求18所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构件还包括一用来除去由用来分配冲洗流体的装置所分配的冲洗流体的装置(142)。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的装置,其特征在于,所述用来分配冲洗流体的装置还包括用来以一定压力分配冲洗流体的装置。
21.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构件还包括用来将光传递到紧邻所述构件的某一区域的装置(151)。
22.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,用来将所述构件固定于一固定体的所述装置包括一由刚性的、生物适合的材料制成的、具有一定形状的固位凹(201、202)。
23.如权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,所述固定凹固定于一手术台(16)。
24.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,用来将所述构件固定于一固定体的所述装置包括一由刚性、生物适合的材料制成的、具有一定形状的第一、第二固定凹(201、202),所述第一固位凹固定于手术台的第一侧,所述第二固位凹固定于手术台的第二侧。
25.如权利要求24所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一和第二固位凹藉助一桁架(218、219)连接起来,所述桁架与一第一、第二固位凹的每一底端相连,所述桁架位于所述手术台下方。
26.如权利要求24或25所述的装置,其特征在于,一牵开器(3)与所述第一、第二固位凹相连。
27.如权利要求24或25所述的装置,其特征在于,一安装用导轨(999)与所述第一、第二固位凹相连。
28.如权利要求26所述的装置,其特征在于,一安装用导轨(999)与所述牵开器(3)相连。
29.如权利要求25所述的装置,其特征在于,所述桁架包括一固定于第一固位凹(201)的第一下降件(216)和一固定于第二固位凹(202)的第二下降件(217),一第一、第二拉条(218、219)彼此交叉相连,并固定于第一、第二下降件。
30.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构件具有一含有第一组抽吸口的第一圆形侧面和一含有第二组抽吸口的第二圆形侧面,所述构件还具有用来使第一、第二组抽吸口能独立地与抽吸源相连或解除连接的装置。
31.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述抽吸源(114)具有一第一抽吸管线(20)和一第二抽吸管线(21),每一抽吸管线上具有一旋塞(861、862)从而可以有选择地沿着每一抽吸管线来传递抽吸作用,每一抽吸管线均与所述构件相连,所述构件具有一臂,所述臂具有一其内接入第一抽吸管线的第一内腔和一其内接入第二抽吸管线的第二内腔,一第一可弯曲的颈部(71)与所述第一内腔相连,一第二可弯曲的颈部与所述第二内腔相连,以及一环状件,所述环状件具有一含有第一组抽吸口的第一圆形臂和一含有第二组抽吸口的第二环形侧面,所述环状件与所述第一、第二颈部相连,因此可以将第一管线内的抽吸作用传递到第一组抽吸口,并可以将来自于第二管线的抽吸作用传递到第二组抽吸口。
32.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,用来将所述构件固定子一固定体的装置包括一安装梁(998),所述安装梁具有用来将一构件固定于所述安装梁的装置,所述安装梁具有一第一部分和一第二部分、用来将第一部分与第二部分扩开的装置,以及用来将安装梁安装于一固定体的装置。
33.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述构件具有位于第一表面内、彼此之间排成一第一直线的第一、第二、第三抽吸口,各抽吸口均与抽吸源相连通,其中来自于抽吸源的抽吸作用通向各抽吸口。
34.如权利要求33所述的装置,它还包括一位于所述第一表面内的第四抽吸口,所述第四抽吸口位于第一、第二、第三抽吸口附近,所述第一、第二、第三抽吸口位于所述第一表面内部,彼此之间排成一第一直线。
35.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述用来将所述构件固定于一固定体的装置包括一球窝臂(800、801)。
36.如权利要求35所述的装置,其特征在于,所述球窝臂包括一在第一端部与一具有一球半径的球形球(801)相连的第一管子(800),呈半球形形状的所述第一端部具有一与球半径大体相等的半径。
37.如权利要求36所述的装置,其特征在于,所述球具有一内腔,所述内腔贯穿所述球,一锥形衬套(802)设有所述内腔,所述锥形衬套具有一通道,所述通道在一第一端具有一第一直径,中间段部分具有一第二直径,在与所述第一端相对的末端具有一第一直径,所述第一直径大于所述第二直径。
38.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,用来将所述构件固定于一固定体的装置包括一球窝臂,所述球窝臂具有一系列由一系列球部连接起来的管部,所述管部具有与球部相匹配的端部,各端部呈半球形形状,以与各球部相对应,一拉索穿过所述的一系列球部和管部,各球部具有用来使所述臂内部的拉索保持相等长度而不管任一管部相对于相邻球部的取向的装置。
39.如权利要求37的装置,其特征在于,用来使所述臂内部的拉索保持相等长度而不管任一管部相对于相邻球部的取向的装置包括一设置在所述球的内腔内的锥形衬套,所述锥形衬套具有一通道,所述通道在第一端部具有一第一直径,其中间部分具有一第二直径,在与所述第一端部相对的端部具有一第一直径,所述第一直径大于所述第二直径。
40.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述组织是搏动着的心脏的心外膜组织,当抽吸作用通向所述抽吸口(33)时,所述抽吸口(33)适于吸在所述组织上以抓住所述组织。
CNB961973951A 1995-09-20 1996-09-19 用于临时固定组织的某一局部区域的装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1137663C (zh)

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