CN1139040C - 利用全局翻译器以同步网络工作空间元的系统和方法 - Google Patents

利用全局翻译器以同步网络工作空间元的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1139040C
CN1139040C CNB988142473A CN98814247A CN1139040C CN 1139040 C CN1139040 C CN 1139040C CN B988142473 A CNB988142473 A CN B988142473A CN 98814247 A CN98814247 A CN 98814247A CN 1139040 C CN1139040 C CN 1139040C
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丹尼尔·J·门泽
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马克·D·里金斯
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普拉萨德·韦格尔
C
克里斯廷·C·英
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
    • G06Q10/107—Computer-aided management of electronic mailing [e-mailing]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/40—Network security protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/02—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
    • H04L63/0807—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using tickets, e.g. Kerberos
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
    • Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
    • Y10S707/99934—Query formulation, input preparation, or translation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99951—File or database maintenance
    • Y10S707/99952—Coherency, e.g. same view to multiple users
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99951—File or database maintenance
    • Y10S707/99952—Coherency, e.g. same view to multiple users
    • Y10S707/99954—Version management

Abstract

系统(100)利用全局翻译器(122)自动在一个安全网络环境内多个网点之间同步一个工作空间元的不同格式的多个副本，而与这些网点是否受网点防火墙(114)保护无关。这个安全网络环境包括一个与多个客户机连接的全局服务器(106)。系统包括以第一格式存储第一工作空间元的第一存储装置(136)、以第二格式存储第二工作空间元的第二存储装置(154)、使第一存储装置与第二存储装置连接的通信信道(108)和执行第一格式与第二格式之间的转换的翻译器(122)。

Description

利用全局翻译器以同步 网络工作空间元的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明与计算机网络有关，具体地说，涉及利用全局翻译器(globaltranslator)同步计算机网络的诸如文件之类的工作空间元(workspaceelement)的系统和方法。
背景技术
计算机用户显然关注数据一致性。例如，在保存一个文档的多个可独立修改副本时，用户有着使用一个过时的版本的危险。等用户注意到不一致时，可能已经导致通信方之间的错误通信或数据丢失。于是用户必须花费较多的时间努力协调这些不一致的版本和应付一些错误通信。
数据不一致的问题在不同的网址保存一个文档的多个副本时更为严重。例如，由于有诸如传统的防火墙技术之类的网络安全系统，一个用户可以访问的只是这些网址中的一个特定网址。不访问其他这些网点，用户就不能确认在可访问网点上的这个版本是最近的版本。
在使用不同厂家的应用程序时，也可能出现数据一致性问题。例如，Netscape Navigator Web浏览器和Internet Explorer Web浏览器各存储一些迅速访问感兴趣的网点的书签。然而，由于各种Web浏览器采用不同的格式和将书签存储在不同的文件内，这些书签不是可互换的。此外，一个Web浏览器可能存储一个需要的书签，而另一个也许并不存储这个书签。一个用户，例如在家运行Internet Explorer Web浏览器而在工作场所运行Netscape Navigator Web浏览器，他就有在各个位置书签不一致的危险。
因此，需要为用户提供数据一致性的系统和方法，更具体地说，需要使计算机网络上的诸如文档的工作空间单元的多个副本同步的系统和方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种利用全局翻译器在安全网络环境内同步一个工作空间元的多个副本的系统和方法。安全网络环境包括一个与多个客户机连接的全局服务器(global server)。采用这种系统和方法，客户机自动地同步多个网点的工作空间元，而与这些网点是否受网点防火墙保护无关。采用这种系统和方法，客户机可以自动地同步格式不同的工作空间元，而且可以融合工作空间元文件夹，以便交互使用。
这种系统包括：一个以第一格式存储第一工作空间元的第一存储装置，一个以第二格式存储第二工作空间元的第二存储装置，一个使第一存储装置与第二存储装置连接的通信信道，一个同步引挚，用于比较第一工作空间元和第二工作空间元，并且在所述各工作空间元彼此不相同时，使各个工作空间元彼此之间保持同步，以及一个执行第一格式与第二格式之间的转换的翻译器。
类似，这种方法包括下列步骤：在第一存储装置和第二存储装置之间建立一个通信信道，访问以第一格式存储第一工作空间元的第一存储装置，访问以第二格式存储第二工作空间元的第二存储装置，比较第一工作空间元和第二工作空间元，并且在所述各工作空间元彼此不相同时，使各个工作空间元之间彼此保持同步，以及执行第一格式与第二格式之间的转换。
这种系统和方法有利地利用了一个受托的第三方，使得多个网点的工作空间数据可以同步。因此，一个维护一个工作场所网点、一个家庭网点、一个外网点和这个全局服务器网点的客户机用户可以同步所有四个网点的工作空间数据或部分工作空间数据。此外，可以设置一些预定准则(控制什么时候同步起动模块将启动同步)，使得通用同步模块可以根据用户请求、在一天的诸如用户进行交换之类的预定时间或者在一个诸如用户请求脱机或用户请求联机之类的预定用户操作后同步工作空间数据。因为这种系统和方法在因特网上工作，所以无论距离如何都可以进行同步。由于这种系统和方法包括格式转换，因此在不同的应用程序和不同的平台之间工作空间元的融合是可能的。此外，因为同步从防火墙内启动，所以典型的防止入站通信的防火墙不会阻碍工作空间元同步。而且，由于用户的优先选择可以预先设置，因此这种系统和方法可以不用客户机用户操心地进行工作。
附图说明
图1为例示符合本发明的计算机网络的方框图；
图2为详细例示图1中的业务服务器的方框图；
图3为详细例示图1中的台式计算机的方框图；
图4为详细例示图1中的数据库系统的方框图；
图5为详细例示图1中的同步受理器的方框图；
图6为典型的全局格式的书签的例示图；以及
图7为例示同步安全网络内一个工作空间元的多个副本的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1为例示了一个计算机网络100，其中的诸如远程计算机终端102那样的第一节点通过一个诸如因特网那样的通信信道104连接到一个全局服务器106上。全局服务器106再通过一个诸如因特网那样的通信信道108连接到一个诸如局域网(LAN)110那样的第二节点上。全局服务器106由全局防火墙112保护，而LAN 110由LAN防火墙114保护。
LAN 110包括一个系统总线126，使LAN防火墙114与具有容纳电子邮件的电子邮件文件夹138的电子邮件服务器128、具有容纳文件的文件夹142的文件服务器132、具有容纳日历数据的日历文件夹140的日历服务器130和具有Web浏览器152和容纳书签的书签文件夹144的台式计算机134连接。可以理解，电子邮件文件夹138、文件文件夹142、日历文件夹140和书签文件夹144或者它们的一些部分可以存储在不同位置，诸如台式计算机134上。电子邮件文件夹138、文件文件夹142、日历文件夹140和书签文件夹144都是典型的、按类似信息分组的，在这里统称为“工作空间数据(workspace data)”136。熟悉该技术的人员可以理解，工作空间数据136可以包括其他类型的数据，例如，Microsoft Word 6.0.1那样的应用程序和用它们生成的文档。还可以理解，电子邮件文件夹138、文件文件夹142、日历文件夹140和书签文件夹144各可以分成为一些工作空间元，其中每个工作空间元文件夹或每个工作空间元各由特定的版本信息255标识(以下将结合图2说明)。因此，每个电子邮件或电子邮件文件夹、文件或文件文件夹、日历或日历文件夹、书签或书签文件夹、文档或文档文件夹等等可以统称为“工作空间元”。
在LAN 110内工作空间数据136的每个工作空间元是以一个取决于生成它的服务引擎245(图2)的预定格式，称为格式A，保存的。例如，台式计算机134上的Web浏览器152可以是Netscape NavigatorWeb浏览器，因而生成的书签文件夹144内的这些书签都是以格式A保存的。虽然将格式A作为单个格式进行说明，然而熟悉这个技术领域的人员知道，格式A实际上包括每个信息类型一个格式，例如，将有一个对于书签的格式A，一个对于文件的格式A，一个对于日历数据的格式A，一个对于电子邮件的格式A，等等。
远程终端102存储了一些服务引擎154，用来维护可以包括与工作空间数据136内的一样的信息的工作空间数据116。工作空间数据116是以一个可能与格式A不同的格式，称为格式B，保存的。格式B也是取决于生成工作空间元的服务引擎154。例如，如果服务引擎154之一为Internet ExplorerWeb浏览器(未示出)，于是以其生成的那些书签都是以格式B保存的。虽然格式B作为单个格式进行说明，熟悉这个技术领域的人员知道，格式B实际上包括每个信息类型一个格式。此外，工作空间数据116还包括与下面结合图2将要说明的版本信息255类似的版本信息150。
可以理解，远程终端102可以包括灵通电话机、诸如美国Robotics公司出的PalmPilot系统之类的个人数据助理(PDA)、膝上计算机等。如果是一个灵通电话机，工作空间数据116可以包括电话号码和电子邮件。如果是一个PDA，工作空间数据116可以包括地址、日历数据和电子邮件。如果是一个膝上计算机，工作空间数据116可以包括类型与工作空间数据136相同的信息。
全局服务器106起着一个第三方管理器的作用。全局服务器106存储有工作空间数据136和116中的选定部分的一些可独立修改的副本，这些副本在这里统称为工作空间数据120。因此，工作空间数据120包括在工作空间数据136和116的选定部分内的每个工作空间元的一个可独立修改副本和每个相应版本信息255(图2)和150的一个可独立修改副本。这些版本信息的副本在这里统称为版本信息148，也将结合图2进行说明。
全局服务器106以一个称为“全局格式(global format)”的格式保存工作空间数据120，这个全局格式选择成使全局翻译器122可以方便地将全局格式转换为格式A和将格式A转换为全局格式以及将全局格式转换为格式B和将格式B转换为全局格式。虽然将全局格式作为单个格式进行说明，然而熟悉这个技术领域的人员知道，全局格式实际上包括每个信息类型一个全局格式，例如，将有一个对于书签的全局格式，一个对于文件的全局格式，一个对于日历数据的全局格式，一个对于电子邮件的全局格式，等等。一个典型的全局格式的书签工作空间元将在下面结合图6详细说明。
网络100还包括同步装置，它包括一个存储在LAN 110内例如装在台式计算机134上的数据库系统(base system)146。网络100还包括一个存储在LAN防火墙114外最好装在全局服务器106上的同步受理器(synchronization agent)124。数据库系统146和同步受理器124合作，使工作空间数据136的选定部分与工作空间数据120的选定部分同步。同步装置可以逐个同步一些工作空间元，例如专用的字处理器文档，也可以同步一些工作空间元文件夹，例如书签文件夹。通常，数据库系统146管理在LAN 110内工作空间数据136的选定部分，而同步受理器124管理在全局服务器106内工作空间数据120的选定部分。可以理解，全局翻译器122与同步装置合作将一些数据格式转换成全局格式和将全局格式转换成这些数据格式。如下面将结合图4详细说明的那样，数据库系统146最好启动和控制数据同步。
同步装置也可以包括一个装在远程终端102上的数据库系统118，它以与数据库系统146类似的方式进行工作。远程终端102上的数据库系统118与同步受理器124合作，使工作空间数据116的选定部分与工作空间数据120的选定部分同步。如下面将结合图4详细说明的那样，远程终端102上的数据库系统118也最好启动和控制与全局服务器106的数据同步。此外，应注意的是，可以改变在远程终端102内的数据库系统118与在全局服务器106内的同步受理器124之间的工作的分配。有时，主要是在远程终端102是一个在计算上功能不那么强大的设备(例如为一个灵通电话机或PDA)时，实际上计算强度大的工作大部分都将在全局服务器106的同步受理器124内进行。在其他情况下，例如，在远程终端102是一个配置充分的PC时，计算强度大的工作大部分将加到远程终端102本机的数据库系统118上。
因此，同步装置独立地使工作空间数据116和136的选定部分与工作空间数据120的选定部分同步。这样，同步装置就间接地使工作空间数据136与工作空间数据116同步。
图2为详细例示一个业务服务器200的方框图，其中电子邮件服务器145、文件服务器150、日历服务器155和台式计算机各是它的一个例子。业务服务器200包括一个中央处理器(CPU)205，例如为IntelPentium微处理器或Motorola Power PC微处理器。诸如键盘和鼠标之类的输入装置210和诸如阴极射线管(CRT)显示器之类的输出装置215通过信号总线220与CPU 205连接。通信接口225(例如以太网端口)、数据存储装置230(例如磁盘)和随机存取存储器(RAM)235也通过信号总线与CPU 205连接。
操作系统240包括由CPU 205进行控制处理的程序，它通常保存在数据存储装置230内，装入RAM 235予以执行。服务引擎245包括执行诸如维护电子邮件数据库、文件数据库、日历数据库或书签数据库之类的特定业务的程序。服务引擎245也可以保存在数据存储装置230内，装入RAM 235予以执行。
为了完成一项业务，服务引擎245生成遵从预定协议的格式A的业务数据250(例如，一个电子邮件或一个容纳一些电子邮件的电子邮件文件夹138，一个文件或一个容纳一些文件的文件文件夹142，日历数据或一个容纳日历数据的日历文件夹140，一个书签或一个容纳一些书签的书签文件夹，等等)。服务引擎245将数据250存储在数据存储装置250内。业务数据250包括指示上次修改的日期和时间以及到上次与全局服务器106交互作用为止的状态的版本信息255。
例如，如果业务数据250生成后选来与全局服务器的工作空间数据120融合，于是业务数据250的版本信息255可以包括上一次修改的日期和一个指示到上次与全局服务器106交互作用为止的状态的空集(nullset)。根据版本信息255，数据库系统146确定业务数据250整体上还没有与全局服务器的工作空间数据120融合。类似，如果业务数据255包括到上次修改为止的元1、2和3，于是到上次交互作用为止的先前状态将指示业务数据255包括元1、2和3。如果业务数据255当前包括元2、3和4，于是数据库系统140将确定从上一次同步以来元1已经删除，而添加了元4。
可以理解，全局服务器106上的版本信息148包括与版本信息255类似的信息。也就是说，版本信息148将包括指示这个版本上一次修改的日期和时间以及到上次与各客户机交互作用为止的状态。服务引擎245促使在进行修改后和在发生同步后更新版本信息255。
图3为详细例示台式计算机160的方框图。台式计算机160包括CPU305、输入装置310、输出装置315、通信接口325、数据存储装置330和RAM 335，各与信号总线320连接。
操作系统340包括由CPU 305进行控制处理的程序，它通常保存在数据存储装置330，装入RAM 335予以执行。Web浏览器152(即，特定服务引擎245，图2)包括一个格式A的服务程序，用来管理含有版本信息350(即，特定版本信息255，图2)的书签文件夹144(即，特定业务数据250，图2)。Web浏览器152也可以保存在数据存储装置330内，装入RAM 335予以执行。书签文件夹144可以保存在数据存储装置330内。如以上结合图1所述，数据库系统146促使工作空间数据136(包含书签文件夹144的)与工作空间数据120同步。数据库系统146也可以保存在数据存储装置330内，装入RAM 335予以执行。
图4为详细例示数据库系统400的方框图。数据库系统400例示了数据库系统146和118。数据库系统400包括通信模块405、用户接口模块410、定位器模块415、同步起动(synch-start)模块420、通用同步模块425和基于内容的同步模块430。为简单起见，各模块例示为通过信号总线440相互通信。
通信模块405包括压缩数据的例行程序和通过通信接口325(图3)与同步受理器124(图1)通信的例行程序。通信模块405还可以包括应用安全套接层(SSL)技术和用户标识和验证技术(即，数字证件)建立通过全局防火墙112的安全通信信道的例行程序。通信模块405的例子有TCP/IP堆栈或Apple Talk协议。
用户接口模块410包括与用户通信的例行程序，还可以包括传统的图形用户接口(GUI)。用户接口模块410与其他系统部件配合工作，如在这里说明的那样。
定位器模块415包括标识在工作空间数据136或116内和在工作空间数据120内的工作空间元的存储位置。工作空间元存储位置标识可以利用智能软件，即预置的存储器地址或系统的注册表(registry)，或者利用询问用户的对话框执行。具体地说，数据库系统146内的定位器模块415确定电子邮件文件夹138、文件文件夹142、日历文件夹140和书签文件夹144的存储器地址和其中的工作空间元的存储器地址。定位器模块415还确定工作空间数据120内的相应文件夹和其中相应工作空间元的相应存储器地址。类似，数据库系统118内的定位器模块415确定工作空间数据116内的工作空间元的存储位置和工作空间数据120内的相应工作空间元的存储位置。
可以理解，定位器模块415可以包括一些定位器模块415，各专用于相应文件夹或相应类型的工作空间数据。也就是说，定位器模块415可以包括书签定位专用定位器模块415、电子邮件定位专用定位器模块415、文件定位专用定位器模块415、日历指定定位专用模块415等。还可以理解，定位器模块415可以在系统启动时或在每次与全局服务器120通信后执行工作空间元存储位置标识，以维护更新的工作空间元的存储器地址。
同步起动模块420包括确定什么时候要启动工作空间数据136或116与工作空间数据120的同步。例如，同步起动模块420可以根据用户请求，在特定的时刻、每隔一段预定时间、在预定个改变后、在诸如用户请求脱机之类的用户操作后，或根据类似的准则启动数据同步。同步起动模块420通过指令通用同步模块425(如下所述)开始执行它的例行程序启动数据同步。可以理解，与同步受理器124的通信最好从LAN110内部启动，因为典型的防火墙114防止入站通信而允许出站通信。
通用同步模块425包括从同步受理器124(图1)接收修改版本的版本信息148的例行程序和相对最后同步签署435(诸如上一次同步的日期和时间)检验版本信息255或150以确定哪些版本已经修改的例行程序。通用同步模块425还包括检验版本信息148和版本信息255或150以确定一个特定的工作空间元或工作空间元文件夹的一个或两个版本是否已经修改的例行程序。
此外，通用同步模块425还包括执行适当同步响应操作的例行程序。适当同步响应操作可以包括只要在工作空间数据136或116内的一个工作空间元的一个版本已经修改就将这个修改版本(作为优选版本)转发给其他存储装置或确定和只转发所作的改变。计算所作的这些改变可以通过相对到上次同步为止的先前状态检验当前状态或者通过比较这两个版本来执行。可以理解，不需要对这些改变作基于内容的审查。当然，最好是一个存储装置只转发这些改变给其他的存储装置，以便使处理器能力的使用最佳和将通过通信信道108或104的数据通信减到最少。
其他适当同步响应操作可以包括如果一个工作空间元已独立地修改成两个版本就指令基于内容的同步模块430(如下所述)执行它的例行程序。也就是说，如果同一个工作空间元已独立地修改成两个版本，最好对这些改变进行基于内容的审查。数据同步完成后，通用同步模块425更新上一次的同步签署435。
基于内容的同步模块430包括使一个工作空间元的两个或更多个修改版本一致的例行程序。例如，如果一个用户从上次同步以来已独立地修改了一个工作空间元的正本和副本，于是基于内容的同步模块430确定一个适当响应操作。基于内容的同步模块430可以请求这个用户从这些修改版本中选择一个优选版本，或者可以根据预置的优先选择进行响应，即将两个版本都存储在两个存储装置内，或者最好将这些修改版本综合成单个优选版本来代替两个存储装置内的相应修改版本。
基于内容的同步模块430检验对每个版本所作出的改变，确定是否存在冲突。在执行版本综合时，如果修改不一致，例如在一个版本中删除了一个段落而在另一个版本中修改了同一个段落，就可能出现冲突。如果有冲突，基于内容的同步模块430就努力协调这冲突，例如请求用户选择或者存储两个存储装置的两个版本。否则，如果没有冲突，基于内容的同步模块430就对每个版本的改变进行综合，相应更新版本信息148、150或255。
图5为详细例示同步受理器124的方框图。同步受理器124包括通信模块505(与上面结合图4说明的通信模块405类似)和通用同步模块515(与上面结合图4说明的通用同步模块425类似)。
通信模块505包括压缩数据的例行程序和通过通信信道108与数据库系统146通信或通过通信信道104与数据库系统118通信的例行程序。通信模块505还可以包括建立通过全局防火墙112和通过LAN防火墙114与通信模块405通信的安全通信信道的例行程序。
与通用同步模块425类似，通用同步模块515包括检验版本信息148和上次同步签署435(图4)的例行程序，以确定哪些版本已修改和所作出的改变。可以理解，通用同步模块515可以保存它自己的上一次同步签署435的副本(未示出)，或者可以向数据库系统146或118请求上次同步签署435。通用同步模块515还包括向通用同步模块425转发确定需修改的工作空间数据120的例行程序和从通用同步模块425接收工作空间数据136或116的优选版本或者只是那些改变的例行程序。
图6例示了一个典型的全局格式的书签工作空间元。全局翻译器122采纳两个格式(格式A和格式B)需要的所有信息生成全局格式。例如，如果一个格式A的书签需要元X、Y和Z，而一个格式B的书签需要元W、X和Y，全局翻译器122就采纳元W、X、Y和Z，生成一个全局格式的书签。此外，全局翻译器122还采纳同步装置需要的信息，例如上次修改日期。因此，一个全局格式的书签包括用户标识(ID)605、入口ID610、母体ID 615、文件夹ID标志620、名称625、说明630、资源定位码(URL)635、位置640、删除ID标志645、上次修改日期650、生成日期655和分隔ID标志660。
图7为例示利用全局翻译器122在安全网络100内同步一个工作空间元的多个副本的方法700。方法700开始于用户接口模块410在步骤705使用户可以从工作空间数据136和118中选择一些工作空间元给同步装置进行同步。定位器模块415在步骤710标识这些工作空间元在工作空间数据136或116内的存储位置和在工作空间数据120内的相应存储位置。如果一个选定工作空间元没有相应的存储位置，例如在为全局服务器106增添一个新的工作空间元的情况下，于是就选择一个存储位置。选定的存储位置可以是一个前已存在的工作空间元或一个新的工作空间元。如上所述，工作空间元存储位置标识可以利用智能软件或对话框执行。通用同步模块425和通用同步模块515在步骤715将工作空间元的先前状态设置为等于空集。将先前状态设置为空集表示已经增添了工作空间元的所有信息。
同步起动模块420在步骤720确定表示应该起动对在步骤705选择的这些工作空间元的同步的预定准则是否已满足。如果不满足，同步起动模块420就在步骤725等待后返回步骤720。否则，通信模块405和通信模块505在步骤730建立一个在它们之间的安全通信信道。
通用同步模块425和通用同步模块515在步骤735确定是否有工作空间元已经修改。也就是说，通用同步模块425在步骤740相对上次同步签署435检验工作空间数据136或116内的每个选定工作空间元的版本信息255或150，找出修改的工作空间元。这个比较可以包括将上一次修改的日期与上一次同步的日期相比较，或者可以包括在当前状态与到上次交互作用为止的先前状态之间的比较。类似，通用同步模块515检验工作空间数据120内的每个相应工作空间元的版本信息148和上次同步签署435，找出修改的工作空间元。
如果在步骤735没有发现修改的工作空间元或文件夹，通用同步模块425和515就在步骤760更新上次的同步签署435，方法700终止。否则，通用同步模块425在步骤740确定一个工作空间元从上次同步以来是否已经修改成多于一个的版本。
如果只有一个版本已经修改，相应的通用同步模块425或515就在步骤745确定所作出的那些改变。如上所述，确定所作出的改变可以通过将工作空间元的当前状况与工作空间元到上次交互作用为止的先前状况相比较来实现。如果只是对工作空间数据120内的版本作了这些改变，全局翻译器122就在步骤750将这些改变转换成其他存储装置所用的格式，而通用同步模块515在步骤755将这些经转换的改变转发给通用同步模块425，更新工作空间数据136或116内的过时的工作空间元。如果更新的版本是一个在工作空间数据136或116内的工作空间元，通用同步模块425就将更新版本的改变发送给全局翻译器122进行转换后，再发送给通用同步模块515来更新工作空间数据120内的过时的工作空间元。通用同步模块425和通用同步模块515在步骤757更新先前的状况，以反映到这次交互作用为止的当前状况。然后，方法700返回步骤735。
如果通用同步模块425在步骤740确定多个版本已经修改，通用同步模块425就在步骤765计算出每个版本的改变，再在步骤770指令基于内容的同步模块430检验内容，以确定是否存在什么冲突。例如，如果一个用户删除了一个版本内的一个段落而修改了另一个版本内的同一个段落，基于内容的同步模块430就可以确定存在冲突。如果一个用户删除了不同版本内的不同段落，基于内容的同步模块430就可以确定没有冲突。如果没有发现冲突，方法700就跳至步骤750，将每个版本内的这些改变转换后转发给另一个存储装置。然而，如果发现有冲突，基于内容的同步模块430就在步骤775协调这些修改版本。如上所述，协调可以包括请求用户给出指令或根据预选的优先选择执行响应操作，例如在两个存储装置都存储两个版本。然后，方法700转到步骤750。
可以理解，在步骤710将新的工作空间元和将融合成新的工作空间元的先前存在的工作空间元都设置为“经修改”，而将先前状态设置为空集。这样，通用同步模块425在步骤740将确定多于一个的版本已经修改，而基于内容的同步模块430在步骤770将确定不存在冲突。每个版本内的改变将转换后转发给另一个存储装置。因此，这两个版本将有效地融合，存储在每个存储装置。
例如，如果第一书签文件夹由台式计算机134上的Web浏览器152生成，第二文件夹由远程终端102上的Web浏览器(未示出)生成，在全局服务器106上没有先前存在的文件夹，而用户选择这两个文件夹进行同步，于是同步装置将有效地融合第一和第二文件夹。也就是说，台式计算机134上的通用同步模块425将确定第一文件夹已经修改，而先前状态等于空集。通用同步模块425将确定和向全局服务器106上的一个新的全局文件夹发送这些改变，即第一文件夹内的所有工作空间元。类似，远程终端102上的通用同步模块425将确定到它上一次交互作用为止第二文件夹和全局文件夹每个的先前状态都是空集。通用同步模块425将指令基于内容的同步模块430检验每个文件夹所作出的改变，确定是否存在冲突。由于不存在冲突，通用同步模块425将向全局文件夹转发这些改变，而通用同步模块515将向第二存储装置转发它的改变，从而融合了全局文件夹和第二文件夹内的第一和第二文件夹的工作空间元。通用同步模块515将通知通用同步模块425，全局文件夹已经相对上次交互作用修改，将向第一文件夹转发这些新的改变。这样，第一和第二文件夹将融合后存储到每个存储装置。
对于第二个例子来说，用户可以选择LAN 110内的一个示范性的文档予以同步。通用同步模块425将向全局服务器106转发这个文档。类似，用户可以在远程终端102上选择同一个要同步的文档。通用同步模块515将这个文档转发给远程终端102。如果这个文档独立地作了一些改变，基于内容的同步模块430将检验文档的内容，确定是否存在冲突。如果不存在冲突，就如上所述，通用同步模块425和515将融合这些文档。否则，如果存在冲突，基于内容的同步模块430就协调这些改变，然后通用同步模块425和515将相互转发经协调的改变。
以上对本发明的优选实施例的说明只是举例性的，本发明提供了以上说明的实施例和方法的其他一些变型。例如，虽然全局服务器106例示为一个单独的设备，但是全局服务器106可以包括若干个通过网络连接在一起的计算机。本发明的一些部件可以利用经编程的通用数字计算机、利用专用集成电路或利用有着一些互连的传统部件和电路的网络来实现。在这里说明的这些实施例可以根据以上的精神加以许多变更和修改。本系统仅仅由以下权利要求书限制。

Claims (33)

1.一种系统，所述系统包括：
一个以第一格式存储第一工作空间元的第一存储装置；
一个存储第二工作空间元的第二存储装置，所述第二工作空间元是一个所述第一工作空间元呈第二格式的可独立修改的副本；
一个使所述第一存储装置与所述第二存储装置连接的通信信道；
一个同步引挚，用于比较第一工作空间元与第二工作空间元，并且在所述各工作空间元彼此不相同时，使各个工作空间元彼此之间保持同步；以及
一个执行所述第一格式与所述第二格式之间的转换的翻译器。
2.权利要求1的系统，其中所述第一格式与所述第二格式相同。
3.权利要求1的系统，其中所述第二格式包括HTML。
4.权利要求1的系统，其中所述第一存储装置配置在一个LAN内。
5.权利要求1的系统，所述系统还包括一个保护所述第一存储装置的防火墙。
6.权利要求1的系统，所述系统还包括一个保护所述第二存储装置的防火墙。
7.权利要求1的系统，其中所述同步引挚包括：
一个在所述第一存储装置检验所述第一工作空间元以确定它是否已经修改的第一通用同步模块；以及
一个在所述第二存储装置检验所述第二工作空间元以确定它是否已经修改的第二通用同步模块。
8.权利要求7的系统，其中
所述第一工作空间元和所述第二工作空间元各包括版本信息；以及
所述第一和第二通用同步模块各相对上一次同步签署检验每个工作空间元的版本信息，以确定所述工作空间元是否被修改。
9.权利要求1的系统，其中所述同步引挚包括一个确定什么时候启动同步的同步起动模块。
10.权利要求1的系统，其中所述第一工作空间元包括一个第一文件夹，而所述第二工作空间元包括一个第二文件夹。
11.权利要求10的系统，所述系统还包括一个在所述第一工作空间元和所述第二工作空间元从上次同步以来都已经被修改时检验所述第一工作空间元的内容和所述第二工作空间元的内容的基于内容的同步模块。
12.权利要求11的系统，其中所述基于内容的同步模块确定是否存在冲突，而如果存在冲突，所述基于内容的同步模块就协调这些冲突。
13.权利要求11的系统，其中所述基于内容的同步模块确定是否存在冲突，而如果不存在冲突，所述基于内容的同步模块就综合对每个工作空间元所作出的改变。
14.权利要求1的系统，所述系统还包括一个与所述第二存储装置连接的第三存储装置，用来以第三格式存储第三工作空间元。
15.权利要求14的系统，其中所述翻译器执行所述第二格式与所述第三格式之间的转换。
16.权利要求8的系统，其中所述版本信息指示到上次同步为止的每个工作空间元的状态。
17.一种方法，所述方法包括下列步骤：
在第一存储装置和第二存储装置之间建立一个通信信道；
访问以第一格式存储第一工作空间元的第一存储装置；
访问存储第二工作空间元的第二存储装置，所述第二工作空间元是一个所述第一工作空间元呈第二格式的可独立修改的副本；
比较第一工作空间元和第二工作空间元，并且在所述各个工作空间元彼此之间不相同时，使各个工作空间元彼此之间保持同步；以及
执行所述第一格式与所述第二格式之间的转换。
18.权利要求17的方法，其中所述第一格式与所述第二格式相同。
19.权利要求17的方法，其中所述第二格式包括HTML。
20.权利要求17的方法，其中所述第一存储装置配置在一个LAN内。
21.权利要求17的方法，其中所述第一存储装置由一个防火墙保护。
22.权利要求17的方法，其中所述第二存储装置由一个防火墙保护。
23.权利要求17的方法，所述方法还包括下列步骤：
检验所述第一工作空间元，以确定它是否已经被修改；以及
检验所述第二工作空间元，以确定它是否已经被修改。
24.权利要求23的方法，其中所述第一工作空间元和所述第二工作空间元各包括版本信息，而
所述方法还包括相对上一次同步签署比较每个工作空间元的版本信息，以确定所述工作空间元是否被修改的步骤。
25.权利要求17的方法，所述方法还包括确定什么时候启动同步的步骤。
26.权利要求17的方法，其中所述第一工作空间元包括一个第一文件夹，而所述第二工作空间元包括一个第二文件夹。
27.权利要求26的方法，所述方法还包括在所述第一工作空间元和所述第二工作空间元从上次同步以来都已经被修改时检验所述第一工作空间元的内容和所述第二工作空间元的内容的步骤。
28.权利要求27的方法，所述方法还包括确定是否存在冲突、如果存在冲突就协调这些冲突的步骤。
29.权利要求27的方法，所述方法还包括确定是否存在冲突、如果不存在冲突就综合对每个工作空间元所作出的改变的步骤。
30.权利要求17的方法，所述方法还包括访问一个与所述第二存储装置连接的、用来以第三格式存储第三工作空间元的第三存储装置的步骤。
31.权利要求30的方法，所述方法还包括执行所述第二格式与所述第三格式之间的转换的步骤。
32.权利要求24的方法，其中所述版本信息指示到上次同步为止的每个工作空间元的状态。
33.一种系统，所述系统包括：
用于在第一存储装置和第二存储装置之间建立一个通信信道的装置；
访问以第一格式存储第一工作空间元的第一存储装置的装置；
访问存储第二工作空间元的第二存储装置的装置，所述第二工作空间元是一个所述第一工作空间元呈第二格式的可独立修改的副本；
一个同步引挚，用于比较第一工作空间元与第二工作空间元，并且在所述各个工作空间元彼此之间不相同时，使各个工作空间元彼此之间保持同步；以及
执行所述第一格式与所述第二格式之间的转换的装置。
CNB988142473A 1997-05-29 1998-08-21 利用全局翻译器以同步网络工作空间元的系统和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1139040C (zh)

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