CN1153464A - 传送电流的装置和方法 - Google Patents

传送电流的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN1153464A
CN1153464A CN95194204A CN95194204A CN1153464A CN 1153464 A CN1153464 A CN 1153464A CN 95194204 A CN95194204 A CN 95194204A CN 95194204 A CN95194204 A CN 95194204A CN 1153464 A CN1153464 A CN 1153464A
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implant
bone
housing
power supply
charge
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CN1142745C (zh
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G·K·米切尔森
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Abstract

本发明公开了是一种电的骨生长促进装置和方法,用于向一个外科植入在脊柱两个相邻的脊椎之间的椎间空隙中的植入物传送电流,以促进与植入物相邻区域中的骨生长和融合过程。本发明的装置包括一个整装的植入物(10),植入物(10)具有可外科植入的可再充电供电电源(60)和相关的控制电路(70),以直接向植入物(10)传送电流,由此直接向需要促进骨生长的区域传送电流。通过只向需要促进骨生长的部位传导负电荷,可以控制对所需区域的骨生长的促进。

Description

传送电流的装置和方法
                    相关申请
本申请是1993年4月22日提交的No.08/052,211号申请的继续,后者是1990年7月2日提交的No.07/546,849号申请的后继部分,该申请是1988年6月28日提交的申请No.07/212,480的后继部分,No.07/212,480现已放弃。
本申请还是1992年10月29日提交的申请No.07/968,240的后继部分,后者是1991年5月10日提交的申请No.07/698,674的后继部分,No.07/698,674是1988年6月13日提交的申请No.07/205,935的分案申请并于1991年5月14曰授予美国专利No.5,015,247。
                    发明领域
本发明涉及介体骨融合装置,尤其是一种向脊柱融合植入物和介体融合材料传送电流的装置和方法,以促使骨头生长和有助于脊柱关节固定术。
                    相关技术描述
脊柱可以沿其各个表面或脊椎间隙的内部进行融合。已经有各种介体骨头融合装置被提出以促进脊柱的介体融合,如1991年5月24日授与Michelson的美国专利5,015,247,1988年5月10日授与Brantigan的美国专利4,743,256和其它专利。这类装置通过提供结构支撑,向融合部位施加骨助长物质,增加参与融合的表面积和通过使脊柱段自我稳定和稳定来实现脊柱融合。
在一般的骨修复中,环绕骨折处的区域呈现负电荷。在施加电流到带负电荷的需要脊柱融合的部位来刺激骨自身正常的修复过程并促进骨生长。施加电流到带负电荷的需要骨生长的部位将产生电化学反应( ),这种反应降低氧张力(减少O2)以刺激成骨细胞活性并促进骨形成。而且,氢氧基(OH-)的形式会提高其本身有利于骨再生的局部组织的pH值,并还促使现有的碱性磷酸酶的增加,其对骨的自我正确形成形成有非常有效的刺激作用。还有,电流的直接效果是产生了细胞水平的负电荷,从而细胞内合成的电扰动对细胞膜的静止电位产生干扰,其净效果是促进骨形成的细胞活性。最后,由于电流通过所产生的电磁场与促进骨生长的电流无关(只基于磁性),尽管其机理还不知道。
相反地,施加电流到带正电荷的骨区域会抑制骨的生成,从而抑制骨形成。因此,可以采用由电流向骨区域传送正电荷的办法来控制骨的融合过程,因此在不需要的区域,如脊髓管内,就不发生骨融合。
骨融合过程就是和时间赛跑,最终,人体会放弃努力来完成这个过程。在外科领域已公知的是使相对病人身体内部传送或外部施加电流以促进骨的生长,从而促进骨的愈合或融合过程。但是,对于脊柱,以前没有介体融合装置采用电流刺激骨生长,以提高骨生成和脊柱融合过程的速度。
到目前为止,在脊柱融合处理中采用电流促进骨生长有两种方式。第一种是采用内植入电脉冲发生器,并用从脉冲发生器引出的阴极导线缠绕在事后插入椎间空隙的由病人身体获得的骨填料上。但是,这些装置频繁地受到包括从发生器到融合部位的导线出现破损和在电池使用寿命已经结束后要用第二次手术将远离融合位置植入病人体内的发生器拆卸等问题的困扰。由于受到电源的使用寿命有限,其寿命比获得可靠的融合所需的时间要短的限制,使这些对可植入的发生器供电的电源失效,而且由于漏电还有可能对组织造成损害的问题。后者的利害关系促使绝大多数医师进行第二次外科手术以移出发生器和内部供电电源。附加的为移出装置进行的外科手术会增加病人受感染和受伤害的危险,并导致不必要的附加费用。
过去已采用电流来刺激脊柱融合的第二种方式需要从病人体外将电磁线圈或线圈戴上。不幸的是,当和已知的介体关节固定术一起使用时,这些方法没有一个被证明是完全有效的。
因此,存在着改进和/或除骨之外单独完善相关连的对所改进的介体融合装置的使用,和用电流促进骨生长的需要。
                    发明概述
总的来说,本发明涉及一种向位于需要骨生长的位置上的外科植入装置传送电流的装置和方法。更具体地说,本发明披露一种位于脊柱两个相邻脊椎之间的椎间空隙内的电子骨生长促进(EBGP)脊柱融合植入物,以在脊柱融合过程中促进和诱导骨生长。本发明的EBGP植入物包括一个供电电源和相关的用于向外科植入在两个相邻脊椎间的椎间空隙内的EBGP植入物的外壳直接传送电流的控制电路。本发明的EBGP植入物的外壳至少一部分导电,亦即它的至少一部分起一个有源(active)阴极的作用;以便直接向脊柱融合部位和向包含在EBGP植入物内的任何骨材料,因而针对最需要促进骨生长区域传送负电荷。由于正电荷不能促进骨生长,而实际上诱导骨吸收,所以,可以通过向需要促进骨生长的位置只传导负电荷,或通过向需要促进骨生长的位置传导负电荷并同时向要抑制骨生长的区域传导正电荷来控制促进骨生长的区域。因此,EBGP植入物的外壳或一部分的作用是一个传送负电荷的有源阴极,或者是一个分别向骨头群传送负电荷和传送正电荷的有源阴极和有源阳极的组合。
作为一种电子骨生长促进装置,本发明的EBGP植入物不限于其与任何具体的脊柱融合植入物一起使用。本发明的EBGP植入物能够有许多不同的实施例。例如,在EBGP植入物的第一个实施例中,一个可植入的供电电源和相关的控制电路整个地装在EBGP植入物中空外壳的中央腔内,以使EBGP植入物是一个位于脊柱两个相邻脊椎间的椎间空隙之内的独立整装单元,并可以直接向融合部位传送电荷以促进脊柱关节固定术。电源和控制电路可以装在一个使用盖的延伸部分内,以便封闭外壳的中空中央腔的一端,由此它可以插入EBGP植入物内,而该植入物本身的一个多余部分的形式与骨成纵行排列。
本发明的EBGP植入物是一种独立整装单元,它克服了上述已有技术的传送电流以促进骨融合的装置所存在的问题。本发明的EBGP植入物通过其外壳,或外壳的一部分向与EBGP植入物相邻的需要促进骨生长的骨区域传导电流。由于没有导线,所以,它克服了过去的装置遇到的导线破损问题。而且,由于供电电源和相关的控制电路完全安装在本发明的EBGP植入物之内,所以,无需将供电电源和/或所说的相关控制电路植入远离EBGP植入物的位置。还有,随着骨头融合过程的完成,供电电源和相关的控制电路会被埋入骨块中,所以,不需要象已有技术那样进行另外的外科手术来取出供电电源和/或控制电路。因此,无需说明,消除了病人感染的可能和其它一切外科手术固有的危险,同时还显著降低了采用电流的骨融合过程中促进骨生长的成本。
在第一实施例的第一种交换中,EBGP植入物的外壳,螺纹部分,或EBGP植入物的任何部分,可以作为有源电极使用,所述的有源电极是通过从安装在EBGP植入物内的供电电源和/或控制电路到EBGP植入物的外壳或其一部分上的阴极导线连接。例如,外壳可以是1991年5月14日授权给Michelson的美国专利5,015,247所记载的那种脊柱融合植入物,并可以利用其更象一个缠绕的线圈的连续外部螺纹,其螺纹部分彼此分开并与非导电陶瓷材料的脊柱植入物的剩余部分分开,而且非传导材料本身还可以是骨诱导性的。
在第一实施例的第二种变换中,EBGP植入物的外壳还包括一个开口,通过这个开口,骨可以从一节脊椎生长到第二节相邻脊椎。与该开口同轴的是与供电电源的阴极导线相连的线圈。线圈起一个有源阴极的作用,以便传送负电荷,并通过开口和线圈促进骨生长。在这种变换的进一步改进中,阴极作为围绕EBGP的外壳的线圈的延续。
在本发明的EBGP植入物的第二实施例中,可以将任何数量的已知的或现有的外科可植入供电单元和相关的控制电路设置在病人体内远离脊柱的位置上。一条导线将供电电源和/或控制电路与EBGP植入物的壳体相连,例如,位于两个相邻脊椎之间并与其接触的椎间空隙中的脊柱融合植入物。采用至少一部分不是骨制成的而且该部分还是导电的EBGP植入物用于把电流传导到介体脊柱融合块上。在第二实施例的一种变换中,EBGP植入物的整个外壳是导电的,并起一个有源阴极的作用,以便向与其相邻的骨区域传送负电荷。在第二实施例的第二种变换中,EBGP植入物的外壳可以由导电与非导电材料的组合制成,以使EBGP植入物外壳的第一部分是一个如第一实施例的第一种变换所说明的专门用于传送负电荷的有源电极,而外壳的第二部分是一个专门用于向不需要骨生长的区域传送正电荷的有源阳极。阳极的区域可以变小,以减少抑制骨生长的区域,或者可以使阳极区域变大,以便用阳极阻止在相当大的区域形成骨。
为了能有效地利用供电电源,而不是向需要大的电源供应的本发明的EBGP植入物的整个外壳传导电流,可以只向外壳的螺纹或向与外壳的剩余部分绝缘的线圈传送电流。按这种方式,来自供电电源的电流很小,但不会降低向需要进行骨融合的部位传送电荷的效益,这是因为由线圈或螺纹产生的电场会扩展到螺纹的线圈以外。
在本发明的EBGP植入物的第三实施例中,最好将脊柱融合植入物外科植入在两个相邻脊椎之间的椎间空隙内,并全部或部分是铁磁性的。脊柱融合植入物被密封在由非铁磁性的,可以导电或可以不导电的生物相容材料制成的套筒中。电磁场是由穿戴在病人身体外面的电磁线圈或线圈产生。脊柱融合植入物可以和由外部线圈产生和发送的电磁场感应耦合,由此产生自己的电磁场和伴随而生的电流。这些内部电磁场和电流定位在脊柱融合植入物所位于的脊柱的节段之内,并诱导骨头生长和促进脊柱融合过程。
在第三实施例的第一种变换中,用由外部施加的电磁场在EBGP植入物内感应出的电流向EBGP植入物全部或局部供电。而且,通过这样的电磁感应可以对任何与EBGP植入物构成一体的电池电源再充电,以便延续电池电源的使用寿命,由此延长用电促进的骨生长的时间期限。在这个实施例中,EBGP植入物传送电流,并当与外部施加的电磁场感应耦合时对供电电源再充电。
在本发明的EBGP植入物的另一个实施例中,供电电源是外科地植入在远离脊柱的位置的病人体内,如皮下植入,并响应施加的外磁场被再充电。
在本发明的EBGP植入物的又一个实施例中,电池电源通过铁磁感应由外部电源充电,即使在外部线圈停止工作后,也还会通过电池电源继续传送电荷。
                    发明目的
本发明的一个目的是提供一种电子骨生长促进植入物,其中供电电源,相关控制电路,和传送系统完全独立地整装在脊柱融合植入物内,这样,无需为设置植入物而侵扰其他身体组织,由此,限制了外科手术的程度、手术的时间、失血、以及感染的危险;
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种电的骨生长促进植入物,以便使所传送的电流能促进在生物力学和生物生理学上都是最佳位置上的骨生长,为的是在脊柱的受压承重轴内诱导脊柱融合;
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种电的骨生长促进植入物,该植入物消除了使用导线的需要,而导线的破损过去一直是通常使用电刺激器发生问题的主要根源;
本发明的还一个目的是提供一种电的骨生长促进植入物,其中通过成功的关节固定术,使密封的供电电源和/或相关的控制电路变成永久埋入骨头块中,由此,就无需为取出植入物而进行第二次外科手术;
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种电的骨生长促进植入物,其中作为有源阴极完全安装在骨融合块内部;
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种电的骨生长促进植入物,其中组合的供电电源和/或相关控制电路或者是脊柱融合植入物本身的内部延伸部分,或者是有脊柱融合植入物的可插入帽的内部延伸部分;
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种电的骨生长促进植入物,其接受外部施加的电磁场并由此产生电磁场和电流,对两节相邻脊椎之间的空隙内和相邻的骨产生作用;和
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种电的骨生长促进植入物,其中向植入物传送电流的电源全部或部分由外部施加的电磁场提供,或被再充电。
本发明的这些和其它目的通过参照附图和对附图的详细说明将变得更加清楚。
                    附图简述
图1是本发明的电了骨生长促进植入物的部分剖视的分解侧视图;
图2是插入在脊柱两个相邻脊椎之间的本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的部分剖视的侧视图;
图3是用于封盖本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物开口端的帽的另一个的实施例;
图3A是沿图1的线3A的表示外壳端部剖面的放大断面图;
图4是本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的第一变换实施例部分剖视的侧视图,其中植入物的一部分由非导电材料制成并与植入物的其余部分相绝缘,以使不同极性的电荷可以如电场箭头所示传送给植入物的不同部分;
图5是沿图4的剖面线5-5的本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的底视图;
图6是在一端有一个帽的本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的第二变换实施例的剖视侧视图,其中植入物的一部分由非导电材料制成;
图7是具有外部螺纹部分的本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的第三变换实施例的侧视图,它具有由非导电的绝缘材料与植入物的其余部分分隔开的外螺纹部分。
图8A是沿图7的线8所取的电的骨生长促进植入物第三变换实施例部分放大的剖面图,表示的是固定到非导电材料上的螺纹部分;
图8B是沿图7的线8所取的电的骨生长促进植入物第三变换实施例部分放大的剖面图,表示的是螺纹部分穿过非导电材料固定;
图9是具有外部线圈的本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物第四变换实施例的侧视图,线圈插置在植入物的外部螺纹之间并由非导电绝缘材料与植入物的其余部分绝缘分开;
图10是沿图9的剖面线10所取的放大剖视图,表示的是由非导电绝缘材料保持就位在植入物外部螺纹之间的外部线圈;
图11是具有一个开口的本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的第五变换实施例的透视图,它具有一个向远处的电源导电由与开口同轴的线圈环绕的开口;
图12是具有一个开口的本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的第六变换实施例,它具有一个由与开口同轴的线圈环绕的并与内部电源电耦合的开口;
图13是示出开口的图12的电的骨生长促进植入物的顶视图;
图14是沿图11的剖面线14-14的本发明具有一个外部电源的骨生长促进植入物的侧剖视图,并说明在脊柱融合过程中发生的从第一个脊椎向第二个相邻脊椎的骨生长;
图15是用于支撑与本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的竖直开口同轴的线圈的结构支撑部件的透视图;
图16是本发明电的骨生长促进植入物的第七变换实施例的剖视图,在其一端具有一个绝缘帽,一条阴极导线从外部电源连接到植入物上。
图17是是沿图16的剖面线17-17的电的骨生长促进植入物第七变换实施例的底视图。
图18是用于向植入的脊柱融合植入物传送电磁场的外部配戴的电磁能量发送器的正视图。
图19是沿图18的剖面线19-19的剖面图,表示由电磁能量发送器产生的电磁能量向位于病人脊柱内的脊柱融合植入物的发送。
图20是本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的第八变换实施例的透视图,该植入物具有一个内部供电电源和由虚线表示的发生器。
图21是本发明的电的骨生长促进植入物的第九变换实施例的透视图,该植入物具有一个内部供电电源和由虚线表示的发生器。
                        附图的详细说明
参照图1和2,表示的是本发明的电的骨生长促进(EBGP)植入物,并用标号10标注。在优选实施例中,EBGP植入物10包括一个如图2所示的用以实现关节固定术的外壳30,该外壳30植入脊柱一段相邻的脊椎V1和V2之间的椎间盘形空隙S中。
如图1所示,外壳30包括一个中空管形体,其至少部分是具有侧壁34的圆柱形,并最好由象钛这样的可外科植入的且导电的材料制成,但不限于钛。外壳30具有一个中空的在其远端38处开口、近端40封闭的中央腔36,中央腔还有一组在侧壁34上的大尺寸开口42。大尺寸开口42的直径最好在约2.0mm到6.0mm的范围内,以便相邻脊椎V1和V2的宏观固定。在融合过程中,骨的生长从两个相邻脊椎V1和V2的每一个经大尺寸开口42到任何自然的或人造骨融合增强材料出现,这种骨融合增强材料可以装在中央腔36内,以便形成一个单个的固体块。
外壳30具有和Michelson的美国专利5,015,247所教导那样的脊柱植入物的结构和形状,但不限于此。外壳30最好至少一部分是由导电的且强度大于骨的材料制成,以便在等待骨向内生长期间对两个相邻脊椎V1和V2提供结构支撑,并在一旦发生骨生长时,能牢固和永久地固定就位。为进一步增强骨生长,外壳30可以用骨生长诱导材料涂覆,这种材料如羟磷灰石,羟磷灰石磷酸三钙,骨形态形成蛋白和类似材料,但不限于这些。外壳30还可以具有增强骨头生长的表面构形,如表面滚花或变粗糙,但不限于这些。
开口远端38具有内螺纹39并可由至少一部分是导电的帽50封闭。帽50具有车有螺纹的螺纹端52,以便和内螺纹39相匹配,并通过螺丝刀/板手W或等效的工具固定到内螺纹39上。
附装到由帽50延伸的部分的是用于安装下面将更详细说明的电气部件的套壳80。套壳80大小适宜于安装在外壳30的中央中空腔36内,并尽可能小地占据空间,从而限制其对骨融合过程的干扰。当帽50螺纹耦合到外壳30上时,套壳80整个地装在中央中空腔36里面,从而使EBGP植入物10形成一个独立的整装单元。
参照图2,所示的EBGP植入物10外科地植入在两个相邻脊椎V1和V2之间的盘形空隙S内。外壳30的至少一部分埋入相邻脊椎V1和V2的骨中。但是,应该理解,作为本发明的目的,外壳30无需埋入脊椎V1和V2的骨中,而是只需要将其设置在与脊椎V1和V2相邻并接触,以便EBGP植入物10能够向相邻的脊椎V1和V2传导电流。
应该理解,电流是电荷时间变化率的函数,术语电流和电荷在说明本发明的EBGP时按照上下文交替地使用。而且,由于电荷成正比于通过电流所遇到的电阻,所以,当发生骨生长时,电流传送到骨块时所遇到的电阻将增加,亦即,电荷将减少。而且,当供电电源用完时,超时传送电流的量也会减少。
中空的中央腔36能够被任何天然或人工的骨传导,骨诱导,骨生成,或其它融合增强材料填充并可以保持这些材料。例如,从病人获得的骨材料B可以放入中央中空腔36中,也可以包裹在外壳30的外部,但要位于椎间盘形空隙S内,在脊柱融合过程中使用。可以采用一个坚固器(obdurator)或类似装置在骨材料B中产生一个空隙,以便在其中接纳如套壳80的物体。按这种方式,可以向外壳30填装骨材料B,然后用帽50封住,以便在外科植入过程中将骨材料B保持在中空腔36内。
套壳80本身,或其一部分用导电的和可外科植入的材料制成,如钛,但不限于钛,以便将施加给套壳80的电流从套壳80传送给装在中空的中央腔36内的骨材料B。套壳80可以可拆除地附装在帽50上,或永久地固定到帽50上。在优选实施例中,套壳80是电连接到帽50上。但是,应该理解,如果不需要向具有与套壳80剩余部分不同极性的帽50传导电流,那么,套壳80就可以与帽50电绝缘。
在套壳80的内部的电气部件,包括供电电源60,控制电路70,阴极导线72,和阳极导线74。供电电源60和控制电路70是可全部植入的和可密封的。阴极导线72或者直接与帽50电连接,或者通过套壳80与帽50电连接,以便当帽50螺纹拧入外壳30时,向外壳30传送负电荷,使外壳30本身变成一个有源阴极。按这种方式,供电电源60与外壳30电连接并位于需要脊柱融合的位置上。因此,在这个实施例中,EBGP植入物10是一个独立的整装单元,由此无需象已有技术中采用融合刺激器的情况那样,将供电电源60和相关的控制电路70植入在病人体内的边远位置上。
控制电路70最好包括公知的用于恒流源的传送的装置,以便提供的。01到20μA范围内的单一的预置的电流。这样,附装多个阴极或改变阴极区域都将不会改变传送给骨融合块的电流密度。应该理解,在不离开本发明范围的情况下,控制电路10还可以包括用于传送间歇的电流脉冲的波形发生器,电压发生器或时钟装置。作为一种变换,控制电路70可以包括用于为促进骨生长提供直流电流,交流电流,脉动电流,正弦电流,或由除恒流、直流电流之外的电流产生的电噪声等各种波形的电流的装置。进一步应该理解,电子部件还可以包括任何现有的电刺激脊柱融合的公知装置,如EBI Medical Systems,Parsippany,NJ出售的刺激器,但不限于此,还可以包括任何本领域普通技术人员公知的适合于传送电流和适于植入的装置。
控制电路70由可完全植入的密封的供电电源60供电,电源60用于电子促进脊柱融合,可以是任何本领域公知的且现在可以买到的供电电源,如EBI Medical Systems,Parsippany,NY的供电电源,但不限于此。供电电源60还可以包含用于响应外部施加的电磁场产生电荷的电路。
另外,参照图3,供电电源60′可以包括响应外部施加的电磁场对电池再充电的电池再充电电路。结果是,供电电源60′的整个大小可以显著的减小,而套壳80′的尺寸也相应减小。按这种方式,可以进一步减小套壳80′对骨融合过程的影响。而且,由于供电电源60′可以再充电而延长其寿命超过一般的使用寿命固定的不能再充电的电池,所以,供电电源60′的寿命可以显著提高。其结果是,关节固定术的电促进可以延长,从而超过用不能再充电电池的已有技术的装置的使用寿命。此外,由于再充电电源60′的使用寿命可以无限延长,故其大小可以减少,使供电电源小型紧凑,亦即,在融合过程中,不用移动促进骨生长的骨材料。
还是如图3所示,它示出了帽50′的一个变换实施例,帽50′可以通过弹簧紧固装置52′固定到外壳30上,一旦弹簧紧固装置52′插入中央的中空的腔36中,其就会与外壳30的内表面相接合。在这个实施例中,将骨材料B装入中央中空的腔36里面所需的时间和将帽50′组装到外壳30上所用的时间被明显减少。
如图3A所示,套壳80的端部包括一个由非导电材料制成的绝缘螺钉90。螺钉90具有拧到套壳80上的螺纹部分92,并且具有穿过螺钉90纵轴的导电芯94。导电芯94的一端端接进入导电头部96,其另一端与阳极导线74电连接。按这种方式,头部96变成向骨区域传送正电荷的有源阳极。如前所述,正电荷抑制骨生成,头部96优选具有尽可能最小的尺寸,以便限制与暴露给正电荷的骨接触面积,从而限制暴露给正电荷的骨的骨面积,以限制骨吸收,头部96最好位于正电荷对融合过程干扰最小的位置上。
在该优选实施例中,头部96位于套壳80端部的顶端,以便当帽50装到外壳30上时,头部96和由此的有源阳极位于对装在中央腔36内的骨材料B的电促进干扰最小位置上,并与需要融合的相邻的脊椎V1和V2基本没接触。图2中的电场箭头表示了在EBGP植入物10中存在电流的一个例子。
由于通过施加负电流能促进骨生长,所以,通过只向需要骨生长的位置施加负电流,就可以控制促进骨生长。例如,如果需要在一个特定位置促进骨生长,则向外壳30或与其相邻的部分和所需的位置接触的部分传送负电流,以加速融合过程。在不需要骨生长的区域,例如,脊柱的中央管附近,可以向所需部位传送正电流。
再参照图1,为了从头部96(有源阳极)在中央中空腔36内部传送不希望存在的正电荷,将具有导电内芯22的绝缘螺钉20通过开口24拧入近端40。绝缘螺钉20具有一个用于接收头部96并与其相连的凹部26。按这种方式,通过导电内芯22将正电荷传导到外壳30外部的一个点上。
参照图4和图5,表示的是EBGP植入物的第一变换实施例并用标号110总标注。EBGP植入物110包括与上述外壳30相似的外壳130,除了其近端140至少部分与外壳130的剩余部分绝缘以外。外壳130具有大尺寸开口142以允许骨穿过这些开口生长。来自供电电源100和/或控制电路170的阳极导线174电连接到外壳130的近端140,因此,近端140是带正电荷。为此,近端140具有一个含导电螺钉头121的螺钉120,一个导电内芯122,和一个用于连接头部196(有源阳极)的具有凹部126的绝缘杆部123。内芯122将正电荷从头部196传导到导电的螺钉头121。螺钉头121通过由非导电绝缘材料制成的绝缘环125与外壳130绝缘,以便使螺钉头121能够将正电荷传导到外壳130外部的一个点上,从而使外壳130的近端140的至少一部分变成带正电荷的,如图4中的电场箭头所示的。按这种方式,通过改变螺钉头121的面积可以改变正电荷区域的面积,由此也可以改变可能促进骨吸收的面积。如图4所示,谨慎地增加螺钉头121的面积以抑制在与螺钉头121相邻的区域的骨形成。
由于一旦将EBGP植入物110植入两个相邻的脊椎V1和V2之间的盘形空隙5中,EBGP植入物110的近端140最接近脊髓中央管,所以,当外壳130从脊柱后部朝脊柱前部安装时,可以采用EBGP植入物110中所示的电荷的分布排列。通过向近端140传导正电荷,抑制在脊髓中央管中产生会压缩中性结构的骨生成。
应该理解,用于促进骨生长的负电荷需要总的沿及整个EBGP植入物110,所以,正电荷的螺钉120具有的螺钉头121在尺寸上要成比例地变得更小,以限制正电荷的区域面积。
对于毗邻外壳130需要骨生长和融合的区域,来自供电电源100和/或控制电路170的阴极导线172连接到套壳180上,负电荷通过套壳180和帽150与外壳130的接触传导到外壳130上,使外壳130本身成为一个有源阴极。
还应该理解,通过互换阳极导线174和阴极导线172与外壳130、帽150,远端140,或螺钉120的连接,可以简单地颠倒正电荷和负电荷的传送。在这种方式中,可以根据外科手术,骨头生长,和融合的类型的需要,只指向需要骨头生长的特定区域施加负电荷。
参照图6,例如,如果从脊柱的前部向后部要装EBGP植入物110,那么,外壳130的远端138就会最接近脊髓中央管。为了防止靠近脊髓中央管的不希望的骨生长,外壳130的远端138或其一部分在植入后与靠近外壳130的骨毗邻并接触,它们可以和外壳130的其余部分绝缘。此外,远端138通过与发生器170的阳极导线174相连可以带正电荷,使近端138本身起一个有源阳极的作用。这可以通过采用一个具有导电芯158的绝缘螺钉156来实现。导电芯158变为有源阳极并向相邻的骨区域传送正电荷。这样,与远端138相邻并接触的骨区域只暴露给正电荷,而不暴露给促进骨生长的负电荷。而且,为使骨吸收最小,导电芯158的直径可以从绝缘螺钉156延伸并减小其尺寸,以限制向正电荷暴露的骨区域。
通过采用涂覆如陶瓷材料这样的,但不限于这种材料的非导电材料的帽150的螺纹152,使帽150与外壳130的其余部分绝缘,以便当帽150与阳极导线174相连时变成有源阳极且是带正电荷的,由此也可以实现对外壳130的不同区域施加不同极性的电荷。这将阻止在植入时与脊髓中央管相邻并与脊髓中央管附近的骨接触的帽150附近的骨生成的电促进。但是,应该理解,也可以采用本领域普通技术人员公知的绝缘远端138的其它办法,以使远端具有不同于外壳130其余部分的电荷,或根本没有电荷。
参照图7,8A和8B,所示的是本发明的EBGP植入物的第二变换实施例,并用标号210总的标注。EBGP植入物210包括与上述外壳30相似的外壳230。外壳230的外部具有形成在外壳230外部圆周上的最好是螺旋线形的外螺纹200。
如图8A所示,外壳230的螺纹200是导电的并具有与螺纹200分开的非导电绝缘材料202。绝缘材料202可以是陶瓷或聚乙烯或其它具有电绝缘性质的生物相容材料。在第二变换实施例中,外壳230可以完全或部分中空,螺纹200起有源阴极的作用,以便向其中植入了外壳230的骨区域和任何可以在外壳230内部的材料传送负电荷。由于绝缘材料202插在螺纹200之间及外壳230之间,所以,螺纹200与外壳230的其余部分绝缘,而且实质上起一个环绕在外壳230外部的线圈的作用。螺纹200与上述控制电路70的阴极导线74(见图1)电连接,因此,螺纹200起一个阴极的作用,以便从EBGP植入物210向与外壳230相邻的脊椎V和如果有的话,也向包含在外壳230内部的材料传送负电荷。这种设计的优点是只是线圈螺纹200具有电荷而不是外部外壳230具有电荷,而且对某些情况由于来自螺纹200的每一个的有益的电的作用,螺纹200是一个比向外壳230传送电荷所需电流消耗要少的有效阳极导线。
如图8B所示,能够这样构成螺纹200,即螺纹200的至少一部分穿过绝缘材料202并与中央腔236相通,以便如电场箭头所示的那样,还向任何包含在外壳230里面的材料传导电荷。这种设计要求螺纹200的向内或向外部分不连续,以不明显降低外壳230的完整性。外壳230具有大尺寸开口242,以使骨头能够穿过开口242生长。
参照图9和10,表示的是本发明的EBGP植入物310的第三变换实施例,并由标号310总的标注。在该第三实施例中,EBGP植入物310包括一个与上述外壳30相似的外壳330,外壳330具有螺纹300和位于螺纹300之间的导线350。导线350由位于外壳330的螺纹300之间的非导电绝缘材料350支撑。绝缘材料360具有一个凹槽362,用于接受并支撑导线350。导线350电连接到阴极导线上,如发生器70的阴极导线72(如图1)所示,而且是带负电荷,这就是说,导线350把促进骨生成的负电荷传输对毗邻线圈导线350的相邻脊椎V1和V2的骨区域并穿过开口342传输到外壳330内的融合块上。绝缘材料360防止外壳330的壳体变为带电荷的,并防止导线350,螺纹300,外壳330和线圈状导线350短路的电传导。按这种方式,EBGP植入物310带有电荷的区域被局限于线圈状导线350,以明显减少带有电荷的整个区域。但是,由于线圈状导线350基本延伸到几乎是EBGP植入物310的整个纵向长度,所以,能够将电荷传送给与EBGP310相邻的骨的整个区域,以便刺激骨生长而没有任何减弱作用。这样,由于向EBGP植入物310供电所需的电流量实际上小于使植入物整个植入外壳带电荷所需要的电流量,所以,EBGP植入物310是节能的。
参照图11-15,表示的是本发明的EBGP植入物410的第四变换实施例,并由标号410总的标注。在第四实施例中,EBGP植入物410包括一个与外壳30相似的外壳430,外壳430具有开口420,开口420具有垂直于外壳430纵轴L的轴。开口420穿过外壳430并与外壳430的中央腔436相通,而且由四个结构支撑部件421,422,423和424所环绕。开口420在两端由格网415所覆盖。格网415具有多个开口416,开口416具有足够的尺寸以允许骨能够通过开孔416生长,并还能保留保持任何可以包含在中空中央腔46内部的天然或人工骨生长材料的能力。
参照图15,是表示结构支撑部件421放大的透视图。结构支撑部件421,422,423和424的每一个都是相同的,因此,对一个结构支撑部件的说明能用于对其它结构支撑部件的每一个的说明。由非导电材料制成的结构支撑部件421具有上臂440和下臂442,上臂440和下臂442设置在中空中央腔436中并固定到脊柱植入物430上;一个中央部分443,它具有弯曲的外边缘444;和一个带凹槽的内边446。结构支撑部件421的内边446具有多个用于容纳和保持能够传导电流的导线425的凹槽448。多个凹槽448彼此偏移并跟随结构支撑部件421外边444的弯曲。
再参照图11,四个结构支撑部件421-424优选的是沿开口420的外圆周排列,它们彼此等距离。导线425设置在凹槽448中并绕四个结构支撑部件421-424缠绕,以形成基本上沿开口420的整个竖直长度的环绕开口420圆周的线圈426,线圈426与开口420同轴。
线圈426与阴极导线472电连接,并向环绕开口420内部的区域传送负电荷,从而通过沿螺旋形线圈426的内外壁出现的负电荷促进和刺激骨生长。当EBGP植入物410植入在两个相邻脊椎V1和V2之间时,开口420用骨或骨促进物质充填,而且骨生长的电促进导致相邻的脊椎V1和V2的骨从一个脊椎V1到另一个脊椎V2生长进入和穿过竖直开口420进入骨或骨促进物质中。
如图12和13所示,控制电路470和供电电源460装在外壳430的中央腔436的内部,亦即EBGP植入物410是一个整装单元。线圈426与阴极导线472直接连接,亦即线圈426变成带负电的。
如图11和14所示,另外可以将控制电路470和供电电源460植入在病人体内远离EBGP植入物410的区域。阴极导线472可以通过导线462与线圈426直接相连,或连接到导电的外壳430的壳体上,线圈426还可以与外壳430电连接,以便使外壳430变为带有电荷的。但是,线圈426优选地如上述参照图9和10描述的那样与线圈相连,或者如上述参照图7,8A和8B描述的与螺纹200相连。按这种方式,由于在如上所述不降低电促进骨生长的效率的情况下减少电消耗,所以,能够使供电电源460得到有效利用。
参照图16和17,所示的是本发明的EBGP植入物510的第五个变换实施例。EBGP植入物510包括一个具有一可拧入外壳530远端538的非导电帽550的外壳530,和一个边远植入的与外壳530相连的供电电源560和控制电路570。由于帽550不导电,所以,当与阴极导线572相连时,外壳530自身带有负电荷,而帽550不带电荷。供电电源560通过端接在用螺钉592装对外壳530的连接器590上的阴极导线572电连接到外壳530。
应该理解,在不离开本发明的范围的情况下,边远植入的供电电源和/或相关控制电路可以用来向上述任何实施例的植入物传送电流,这些植入物是具有内部供电电源和发生器的整装单元。
参照图18和19,所示的是本发明的EBGP植入物610的第六个变换实施例。在第六个变换实施例中,EBGP植入物610包括一个从外部配带在病人身体上的电磁场发送器600。发送器600具有两个通过带子610或任何其它合适装置固定到病人身体上的部分602和604,以便使每个部分602、604在病人身体外面位于身体相对的侧面。
植入病人两个相邻脊椎V1和V2之间的是与上述外壳30相似的外壳630。外壳630至少一部分是铁磁性的,由此能够和发送器600发射的电磁场感应耦合。由此,EBGP植入物610可以感应耦合到发送器600和这种方式的电磁场,且最终在EBGP植入物610中感应产生的电流可以集中并朝向需要骨头生成的位置,而无需外科植入和外壳630内部或病人体内的供电电源和/或控制电路。外壳630的非铁磁性部分还可以是导电的,这使外壳630能够感应耦合到由发送器600发射的电磁场,同样,还可以耦合到由所说的外壳施加的电磁场所感应的电流的导体。
相似地,如果可再充电供电电源460装在外壳630内,供电电源660可以用经由发送器600施加的外部电磁场再充电。这样,由于供电电源660可以反复充电,所以,供电电源660在尺寸上可以更小。按这种方式,外壳630和供电电源660可以感应地耦合发送器600,这样,外壳630可以把电流传送到相邻骨块,且供电电源660可以再充电。在发送器600不再与EBGP植入物610感应耦合之后,已充电的供电电源660继续向外壳630传送电流。按这种方式,病人必须配带发送器的时间期间明显地减少到供电电源660再充电所需的时间期间,而保持向外壳630连续传送电流。
作为进一步的变化,可再充电供电电源660可以远离脊柱植入,最好是皮下,以便供电电源660易于通过电磁感应再充电。皮下的供电电源660与电磁发送器600的感应耦合克服了与任何电源供电与电源直接耦合相联系的感染的问题。而且,供电电源660的皮下植入还便于供电电源660的移出,并进一步减少病人感染的危险,这与在身体其它部位的植入形成对比。
参照图20,所示的是本发明的植入物710的第七个变换实施例。在第七个实施例中,外壳730具有基本上为矩形的中空结构,并具有锥形远端738。外壳730具有上表面750,平行的下表面752和两个侧壁754和756。外壳730具有一系列穿过上下表面750和752和穿过侧壁754和756的小开孔760,以便使骨能够穿过这些小开孔生长。供电电源760和控制电路770装在脊柱植入物730内部,由此,脊柱植入物730是一个整装单元。供电电源760和/或控制电路770通过阴极导线762和阳极导线764与外壳730电连接。阳极导线764与具有导电芯758的绝缘螺钉756相连。绝缘螺钉756拧入EBGP植入物710并将阳极导线764与EBGP植入物710的其余部分相绝缘。
参照图21,所示的本发明的EBGP植入物810的第八个变换实施例。EBGP植入物810与第七个变换实施例很相似,只是除了外壳830具有带有隆起的接合齿880的中空矩形结构,齿880用于和相邻脊椎V的骨接合,并具有与上述的导线350相类似的缠绕在外壳830上的导线850。导线850通过具有用于容纳导线850的凹槽862的绝缘材料860而与外壳830绝缘。绝缘材料与上述绝缘材料360相同。由于供电电源860和/或控制电路870装在脊柱植入物830的中空腔内并与导线850电连接,所以,EBGP植入物810还是一个整装单元。
应该理解,本发明的EBGP植入物不限于在脊柱融合过程中使用,还可以用于促进几乎是任何大的关节的融合和促进身体任何主要骨的骨折愈合。此外,本发明的装置还可以用于各种全部的膝关节成形术和全部的髋关节成形术。这样的植入物在不离开本发明的范围的情况下实施上述技术。这样的植入物可以是全部或部分导电,并在植入物自身内部具有永久的或可再充电供电电源和相关的控制电路,使植入物是一个整装单元。使用可再充电电源有利于这类植入物,在这类植入物中骨融合过程,或大的骨的愈合如股骨或髋骨需要比目前使用的可植入的永久供电电源的使用寿命更长的使骨愈合融合的时间期间。如上述仔细说明的那样,电源通过外部充电的再充电能够延长向需要诱导骨生成的部位传送电流,以明显增加时间期间。
还有,这样的植入物还可以包括外部提供的电磁线圈,以便产生可以感应耦合到植入物的电磁场,植入物如上详细说明那样再向与植入物相邻的骨区域传送电荷,并通过与外部施加的电场的电磁感应对供电电源重新充电。所有这样的植入物都附加这样的优点,即一旦植入,这些植入物在融合过程完成以后就会永久埋在骨头融合块中而无需用外科手术移出。
虽然对本发明参照优选实施例进行了详细说明,但是要知道在不离开本发明的发明点的情况下,本发明可以有其它的变化。

Claims (38)

1.一种电的骨生长促进植入物,用于设置在选择的相邻骨块之间并用于促进骨生长和骨融合,包括:
外壳装置,用于设置在选择的相邻骨块之间,所说的外壳装置具有导电的第一部分;
电源装置,与所说的外壳装置相连,所说的电源装置传送预定极性的电荷;和
传送装置,插在所说的供电电源和所说的第一部分之间,用于从所说的电源装置向所说的第一部分传送电荷,以促进骨生长。
2.按照权利要求1所述的植入物,包括控制装置,用于控制所说电荷的传送。
3.按照权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所说的外壳装置具有基本上中空的中央腔,所说的中空腔具有至少一个进出开口。
4.按照权利要求3所述的植入物,其中所说的供电电源整个地装在所说的中空腔里面。
5.按照权利要求4所述的植入物,包括控制装置,用于控制所说电荷的传送,所说的控制装置整个地装在所说的中空腔里面。
6.按照权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所说的电源装置向所说外壳装置的所说第一部分传送负电荷。
7.按照权利要求6所述的植入物,其中所说的电源装置向所说植入物的第二部分传送正电荷。
8.按照权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所说的电源装置包括一个可外科植入的电池。
9.按照权利要求8所述的植入物,其中所说的电池是可再充电的。
10.按照权利要求2所述的植入物,其中所说的控制装置包括一个波形发生器。
11.按照权利要求2所述的植入物,其中所说的控制装置包括一个电压发生器。
12.按照权利要求2所述的植入物,其中所说的控制装置包括一个时钟装置,用于传送间歇的电流脉冲。
13.按照权利要求2所述的植入物,其中所说的控制装置包括提供交流电流的装置。
14.按照权利要求2所述的植入物,其中所说的控制装置包括用于提供直流电流的装置。
15.按照权利要求2所述的植入物,其中所说的控制装置包括用于提供正弦电流的装置。
16.按照权利要求2所述的植入物,其中所说的控制装置包括用于产生电噪声的装置。
17.按照权利要求3所述的植入物,还包括一个帽,用于封闭所说的中央中空腔的所说的进出开口。
18.按照权利要求17所述的植入物,其中所说的控制装置连接到所说的帽上。
19.按照权利要求18所述的植入物,其中所说的电源装置连接到所说的帽上。
20.按照权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所说的外壳装置包括一个外部线圈,所说的线圈是导电的并通过一种非导电材料与所说的外壳电绝缘。
21.按照权利要求20所述的植入物,其中所说的外部线圈在所说植入物的外部包括多个外部螺纹。
22.按照权利要求21所述的植入物,其中所说的多个外部螺纹与所说的电源装置相连。
23.按照权利要求22所述的植入物,其中所说的外壳装置包括一个中空中央腔,所说的多个外部螺纹具有用于向所说的中空中央腔传送电流的装置。
24.按照权利要求1所述的植入物,其中所说的外壳装置具有一个纵轴,和垂直于所说的纵轴的开口,所说的开口完全穿过所说的外壳装置;一个与所说的开口同轴的导电的线圈装置;用于支撑所说线圈的支撑装置,所说的支撑装置是不导电的;所说的线圈与所说的电源装置相连并向所说的开口传送电流,以便通过所说的开口促进骨头生长。
25.按照权利要求24所述的植入物,其中所说的外壳装置包括一个与所说的开口和所说的线圈相通的中空中央腔。
26.按照权利要求25所述的植入物,其中所说的电源装置整个地装在所说的中空腔里面。
27.按照权利要求26所述的植入物,还包括一个控制装置,用于操纵所说的发生装置,所说的控制装置整个地装在所说的中空腔里面。
28.按照权利要求2所述的植入物,其中所说的电源装置包括与位于病人身体外部的电磁场发生装置感应耦合的装置。
29.一种植入物,用于传送电流以促进骨生长和骨耦合,包括:
外壳装置,具有导电的第一部分;
接收装置,用于接收电磁能量,所说的接收装置与所说的外壳电连接;和
发生装置,用于从病人身体外部的一个位置上产生电磁能量,所说的发生装置与所说的接收装置感应耦合。
30.按照权利要求29所述的植入物,包括用于向与所说的植入物相邻的骨区域传送预定极性的电荷的装置。
31.按照权利要求30所述的植入物,还包括用于存贮由所说的发生装置产生的电流的装置。
32.一种用于用外科植入在被融合的骨的植入物促进骨生长和骨融合的方法,所说的植入物具有导电的第一部分,其包括的步骤是向所说的植入物的至少所说的第一部分提供负电荷,以促进与所说的第一部分相邻的骨区域的骨生长。
33.按照权利要求32所述的方法,还包括向所说的植入物的第二部分提供正电荷以抑制与所说的第二部分相邻的骨区域中的骨生长。
34.一种整装的可植入的医疗装置,用于放置在与选择的骨块相邻的部位,以便促进这样的骨块的生长,该医疗装置包括:
一个电荷的源;和
用于从电荷源向所选择的骨块传送电荷的装置。
35.按照权利要求34所述的医疗装置,其中选择装置包括向骨块的第一部位传送负电荷和向骨块的第二部位传送正电荷的装置。
36.一种整装的可植入的医疗装置,用于放置在所选择的相邻骨块之间,以促进介体关节固定术,包括:
外壳装置,用于放置在相邻的骨块之间并与这些骨块接触,外壳装置具有导电的第一部分;
电荷装置,装在外壳装置里面,以提供预定极性的电荷;和
插在电荷装置和所说的第一部分之间的装置,以便从电荷装置向第一部分传送电荷,由此促进介体关节固定术。
37.按照权利要求36所述的医疗装置,其中外壳装置包括一个具有基本上中空的中央腔的圆筒,该圆筒具有至少一个用于接收电荷装置的进出开口。
38.按照权利要求37所述的医疗装置,其中圆筒包括多个环形布置的穿孔。
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CN105326585A (zh) * 2009-09-17 2016-02-17 Ldr控股公司 具有可伸展骨固定部件的椎间植入件
CN105326585B (zh) * 2009-09-17 2018-12-11 Ldr控股公司 具有可伸展骨固定部件的椎间植入件
CN103517735A (zh) * 2011-03-21 2014-01-15 通用电气公司 用于可植入装置中非接触功率传输的系统和方法
CN103517735B (zh) * 2011-03-21 2016-01-20 通用电气公司 用于可植入装置中非接触功率传输的系统和方法
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CN107835674A (zh) * 2015-07-06 2018-03-23 华沙整形外科股份有限公司 脊柱植入系统和方法
CN107835674B (zh) * 2015-07-06 2019-11-12 华沙整形外科股份有限公司 脊柱植入系统和方法

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US20090088857A1 (en) 2009-04-02
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US20110196501A1 (en) 2011-08-11
EP0901351A4 (zh) 1999-03-17
PT901351E (pt) 2004-12-31
US20040024400A1 (en) 2004-02-05
EP0901351A1 (en) 1999-03-17
ATE273673T1 (de) 2004-09-15
EP0901351B1 (en) 2004-08-18
CA2191345C (en) 2006-07-25
US7935116B2 (en) 2011-05-03
DK0901351T3 (da) 2004-11-22
US7455672B2 (en) 2008-11-25
CA2191345A1 (en) 1995-12-07
DE69533407D1 (de) 2004-09-23
JPH10505248A (ja) 1998-05-26
EP1709920A2 (en) 2006-10-11
CN1142745C (zh) 2004-03-24
US6120502A (en) 2000-09-19
EP1709920A3 (en) 2006-10-18
JP3741726B2 (ja) 2006-02-01
ES2225841T3 (es) 2005-03-16
US8206387B2 (en) 2012-06-26
US6605089B1 (en) 2003-08-12
TW336168B (en) 1998-07-11
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AU2643895A (en) 1995-12-21
EP1222898A3 (en) 2002-08-14

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