CN1158121C - 游戏机系统 - Google Patents

游戏机系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1158121C
CN1158121C CNB961918292A CN96191829A CN1158121C CN 1158121 C CN1158121 C CN 1158121C CN B961918292 A CNB961918292 A CN B961918292A CN 96191829 A CN96191829 A CN 96191829A CN 1158121 C CN1158121 C CN 1158121C
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China
Prior art keywords
data
operator
game machine
controller
processing equipment
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Expired - Lifetime
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CNB961918292A
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CN1173825A (zh
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西海聪
幸岛一雄
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Nintendo Co Ltd
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Nintendo Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种游戏机系统,由基于操作者的操作的多个操作器、和基于来自该操作器的操作数据进行图像处理的游戏机构成,游戏机包括:中央处理装置,动作用存储装置,第1接收装置,暂时存储装置,第1数据处理装置,第1发送装置和连接装置;操作器包括:第2接收装置,开关装置,第2数据处理装置和第2发送装置;借助于操作器与连接装置连接、电气连接操作器和第1数据处理装置,中央处理装置输出用于读出操作器数据的命令数据,第1数据处理装置将从中央处理装置输出的命令数据输出到第1发送装置中、使基于第1接收装置接收的操作器数据存储在暂时存储装置中、并用规定的定时传送到动作用存储装置中。

Description

游戏机系统
技术领域
本发明涉及具有操作装置的游戏机系统。特别地,本发明涉及包含个人计算机和电视游戏装置等的游戏机、以及对于游戏机发送接收所有数据的操作装置(控制器)的游戏机系统。
背景技术
图1表示以往的游戏机(例如电子游戏机)和控制器的连接图。CPU81(中央处理装置)与时钟同步,基于存储于ROM82(只读存储器)中的程序数据、时而将数据写入W-RAM83中、时而从W-RAM83中读出数据,将数据发送到PPU84(图像处理装置),基于V-RAM85的图像数据在PPU84中产生图像信号。CPU81将时钟信号发送到控制器90A或者90B中、并与时钟信号同步,直接接收根据操作者操作的开关等的数据。CPU81将数据输出到PPU84中、使图像信号对应于从这种控制器90A或者90B输入的数据变化。
由前述结构可知,利用从控制器90A和90B接收操作器数据的数据线、以及将使控制器的数据发送定时和CPU81的动作定时同时的时钟信号发送到控制器90A和90B中的时钟信号线,连接游戏机和控制器90A和90B。而且,通过接口(未图示)、将数据线直接与CPU81连接。换言之,以往的游戏机系统、进行原来图像处理的CPU81是根据时钟的定时、直接读控制器90A和90B的数据。因此,CPU81直接读来自控制器90A和90B的信号,CPU81的处理量增大。CPU81与时钟同步地读来自控制器的信号,因为了数据接收发送,除数据线外还必须要时钟线,所以用于连接电缆和游戏机的连接器的针脚数多、制造费用高。此外,以往的控制器90A和90B具备多个开关,只不过仅将各开关是否按下的数据发送到游戏机本体中。
以往,随着控制器数据量的增加,CPU为了读入控制器的数据、必须耗费时间。为此,CPU的处理量增大。
以往,控制器和游戏机的连接不仅要数据线、而且还必须要时钟信号线。为此,用于连接控制器和游戏机的连接器针脚数多、制造费用高。
此外,在以往的任何一种控制器中,不存在扩展性优良的控制器、以便不仅发送各开关是否被按下的数据、而且能发送接收各种各样的数据。为此,在售出控制器后,不能进行各种扩展并实现多种使用方法。
发明内容
因此,本发明的第一个目的是提供能减少CPU的处理、在CPU中能充分地确保在本来的图像处理中耗费的时间的游戏机。本发明的第2个目的是提供能减少CPU的处理、在CPU中能充分地确保在本来的图像处理中耗费的时间并减少用于连接控制器和游戏机的连接器的针脚数、提供能降低制造成本的游戏机系统。此外,提供能对控制器进行种种扩展并能实现多种使用方法的游戏机系统。
本发明的游戏机系统,由基于操作者的操作的多个操作器、和基于来自该操作器(40)的操作数据进行图像处理的游戏机(10)构成,其特征在于,游戏机包括:中央处理装置(11),动作用存储装置(14),第1接收装置(173),暂时存储装置(174),第1数据处理装置(171),第1发送装置(172),和连接装置(181-184);操作器包括:第2接收装置(441),开关装置(45,403-407),第2数据处理装置(442),和第2发送装置(445);中央处理装置基于规定的程序进行用于图像处理动作、动作用存储装置能存储由中央处理装置存取、并为了中央处理装置使游戏进行所必要的数据和来自操作器的数据、第1接收装置解调来自操作器的操作器数据并进行接收、暂时存储装置暂时存储命令数据和操作器数据、第1数据处理装置按照中央处理装置的命令进行规定的数据处理、第1发送装置对从第1数据处理装置输出的数据进行调制并发送到操作器、连接装置用于连接游戏机和操作器、第2接收装置解调来自第1发送装置的数据并进行接收、开关装置基于操作者操作、第2数据处理装置输出与开关装置的操作状态有关的操作器数据、发送装置对从第2数据处理装置输出的操作器数据进行调制并发送到游戏机,此外,借助于操作器与连接装置连接、电气连接操作器和第1数据处理装置,中央处理装置输出用于读出操作器数据的命令数据,第1数据处理装置将从中央处理装置输出的命令数据输出到第1发送装置中、使基于第1接收装置接收的操作器数据存储在暂时存储装置中、并用规定的定时传送到动作用存储装置中。
采用本发明的游戏机,则中央处理装置在每次使用操作器数据时不进行读入操作器数据的动作,因为中央处理装置以外的处理装置对操作器数据进行处理,所以能实现减少中央处理装置的处理、在中央处理装置中能充分地确保在本来的图像处理中耗费的时间的游戏机。因操作器数据被存储在存储使游戏进行所必要的数据的存储装置中,所以中央处理装置能与处理其它游戏数据一样处理操作器数据。因此,中央处理装置能用高速进行自由度高的游戏处理。
此外,采用本发明的一个形态,则因能部分地读操作器数据,所以不必一次读入全部的操作器数据。因此,不必读入不要的操作器数据、缩短了读入时间。
采用本发明的游戏机系统,则因为中央处理装置以外的处理装置对操作器数据进行处理,所以能实现减少中央处理装置的处理、在中央处理装置中能充分地确保在本来的图像处理中耗费的时间的游戏机系统。因操作器数据被存储在存储使游戏进行所必要的数据的存储装置中,所以中央处理装置能与处理其它游戏数据一样处理操作器数据。因此,中央处理装置能用高速进行自由度高的游戏处理。此外,用于连接控制器和游戏机的连接器的针脚数减少、能降低制造成本。
采用游戏机系统的一个形态,则能对操作器进行种种扩展并能实现多种使用方法。
采用其它的形态,则在与操作器连接的扩展存储器中、能保存用中央处理装置应该处理的数据。因此,在保存各操作者不同的数据时是有效的。
采用其它的形态,则能使与多个操作器中的一个操作器连接的扩展存储器的数据、存储在与其它操作器连接的扩展存储器中。因此,能在操作者间进行数据的复制。
进一步采用其它的形态,则因在动作用储存装置中暂时存储外部储存装置的数据,所以能基于中央处理装置变换数据并复制数据。因此,能用各外部存储装置不同的格式复制数据。
通过参照附图对后述的实施例进行详细说明、能进一步理解本发明的前述目的、其它目的、特点和优点。
附图说明
图1简单地表示以往技术的方框图。
图2表示本发明实施例的概略图解图。
图3详细表示图2实施例的图像处理装置的方框图。
图4表示图3实施例的CPU的存储器映象的图解图,示出内装于卡盒的外部存储器和W-RAM(工作RAM)。
图5详细表示图3实施例的控制器控制电路的方框图。
图6表示数据的调制解调方法的图解图。
图7表示图5的RAM的存储器映象的图解图。
图8表示从图3实施例的控制器上面见到的立体图。
图9表示从图3实施例的控制器下面见到的立体图。
图10表示在实施例中能利用的模拟操纵杆单元的立体图。
图11表示图10单元中关键部分的立体图。
图12表示图10单元中关键部分的分解立体图。
图13表示图10单元中关键部分的剖视图解图。
图14详细表示控制器和扩展装置的一例的方框图。
图15表示控制器的模拟操纵杆和各按钮的数据的图解图。
图16详细表示控制器和扩展装置的其它例的方框图。
图17表示图3实施例的CPU动作的流程图。
图18表示图3实施例的总线控制电路的动作的流程图。
图19表示图3实施例的控制器控制电路动作的流程图。
图20表示图3实施例的控制器电路动作的流程图。
图21表示从控制器控制电路发送命令“0”时的控制电路的发送接收数据的图解图。
图22表示从控制器控制电路发送命令“1”时的控制电路的发送接收数据的图解图。
图23表示从控制器控制电路发送命令“2”时的控制电路的发送接收数据的图解图。
图24表示从控制器控制电路发送命令“3”时的控制电路的发送接收数据的图解图。
图25表示从控制器控制电路发送命令“255”时的控制电路的发送接收数据的图解图。
图26表示数据复制动作的流程图。
图27表示原点复位的第一方法的流程图。
图28表示原点复位的第二方法的流程图。
图29表示操纵杆的物理坐标和显示画面对应的图解图。
图30表示原点复位时的操纵杆的物理坐标和显示画面对应的图解图。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图对本发明的实施例详细地进行说明。
图2表示本发明一实施例的游戏机系统的系统结构的外观图。游戏机系统、例如电视游戏机系统,由游戏机10、作为外部存储装置一例的卡式ROM20、作为与游戏机10连接的显示装置一例的监视器30、作为操作器一例的控制器40、和作为装卸自如地安装在控制器40上的扩展装置一例的卡式RAM50构成。此外,外部存储装置在存储用于游戏等的图像处理的图像数据和程序数据的同时、根据需要存储音乐或者效果音乐的声音数据,也可以用CD-ROM或者磁盘代替卡式ROM。操作装置在本实施例的图像处理系统适用于个人计算机的场合,使用键盘或者鼠标器等的输入装置。
图3表示本实施例的游戏机系统的方框图。在游戏机10中内装中央处理单元(CPU)11和总线控制电路12。在总线控制电路12上,连接用于装卸自如地安装卡式ROM20的卡式用连接器13的同时、连接工作RAM14。在总线控制电路14上,连接用于输出基于CPU11处理的声音信号的声音信号发生电路15和用于输出图像信号的图像信号发生电路16,此外,连接用于串联传送一个或者多个控制器40的操作数据和/或卡式RAM50的数据的控制器控制电路17。设置在游戏机10的前面的控制器用连接器(简称为连接器)181-184与控制器控制电路17相连接。在连接器18上通过连接用接插座41和电缆42、装卸自如地连接控制器40。这样,借助于在连接器181-184上连接控制器40,能电气地与游戏机10连接控制器40、并能发送接收相互间的数据。
更具体地,总线控制电路12通过总线、输入来自CPU11的用并行信号输出的命令,进行并-串变换,用串行信号将命令输出到控制器控制电路17上、而且将从控制器控制电路17输入的串行信号变换成并行信号并输出到总线上。从总线输出的数据、或由CPU11进行处理、或进行存储到W-RAM14中等的处理。换言之,W-RAM14是用于暂时存储由CPU11处理的数据的存储器,通过总线控制电路12能进行数据的读出、写入。
图4图解表示在CPU11的存储器空间中分配的各存储器区域。在CPU11通过总线控制电路12能存取的存储器空间上,有卡式ROM20的外部存储器区域和W-RAM14的存储器区域。在电路底板上安装存储用于游戏处理的数据的ROM、并将其电路底板安装在外壳中、构成卡式ROM20,在图4所示的外部存储器区域中、示出了ROM存储的数据。也就是说,在ROM中包含为了使在游戏机10中用于游戏的图像信号发生而存储必要的图像数据的图像数据区域201和为了使CPU11进行规定的动作而存储必要的程序数据的程序数据区域202。在程序数据区域202中,固定地存储用于基于图像数据201进行图像显示的图像显示程序、用于进行计时处理的计时程序、用于判断卡式ROM20和后述的扩展装置50之间的规定的关系的判断程序。此外,关于计时程序和判断程序的细节将在后面描述。另一方面,W-RAM的存储器区域包含暂时存储表示来自控制填充位的操作状态的数据的区域141。
图5表示控制器控制电路17的详细电路图。控制器控制电路17设置在总线控制电路12和控制器用连接器181-184之间、以便用串行发送接收数据,并包含数据传送控制电路171、发送电路172、接收电路173、和用于暂时存储发送接收数据的RAM174。数据传送控制电路171包含用于在数据传送时变换数据格式的并-串变换电路和串-并变换电路、进行RAM174的写入读出控制。串-并变换电路将来自总线控制电路12供给的串行数据变换成并行数据并提供给RAM174或者发送电路172。并-串变换电路将来自RAM174或者发送电路173供给的并行数据变换成串行数据并提供给总线控制电路12。发送电路172将数据传送控制电路171供给的控制器40的信号进行读入控制的数据和向卡式RAM50的写入数据(并行数据)变换成串行数据、并从分别对应于多个控制器40的通道CH1-CH4进行发送。接收电路173用串行信号接收来自对应于各控制器40的通道CH1-CH4输入的表示各控制器40的操作状态的数据和从卡式RAM50的读出数据并变换成并行数据、提供给数据传送控制电路171。
发送电路172和接收电路173作为调制、解调(下面称为调制解调)方式的一例,采用占空因数调制解调方式。如图6所示,占空因数调制解调方式是借助于在一定的时间间隔使信号的Hi的期间和Lo的期间变化、表示“0”和“1”的调制解调方式。当具体地说明调制方式时,则当应该串行发送的数据是逻辑“1”时,在1个周期期间T中、发送高电平期间tH较低电平期间tL长的信号(tH>tL),当应该发送的数据是逻辑“0”时,在1个周期期间T中、发送tH较tL短的信号(tH<tL)。
另一方面,解调方式对接收的串行信号(位传送信号)进行采样、并不断监视接收信号是高电平还是低电平,如果接收信号的电平从高电平变到低电平的时间是tH,从低电平变到高电平的时间是tL,则用T=tL+tH表示1个周期。这时,借助于tL和tH的关系为tL<tH时识别为逻辑“1”、tL>tH时识别为逻辑“0”,进行解调。若使用这样的占空因数调制解调方式,则不必与时钟同步送数据有仅用1根信号线能发送接收数据优点。此外,在有2根信号线的场合,当然也可以用其它的调制解调方式。
如图7的存储器映象所示,RAM174包含存储区域174a-174h。具体地说,在区域174a中存储1通道用的命令、在区域174b中存储1通道用的发送数据和接收数据、在区域174c中存储2通道用的命令、在区域174d中存储2通道用的发送数据和接收数据、在区域174e中存储3通道用的命令、在区域174f中存储3通道用的发送数据和接收数据、在区域174g中存储4通道用的命令、在区域174h中存储4通道用的发送数据和接收数据。
因此,数据传送控制电路171或控制将从总线控制电路12传送来的数据或者用接收电路173接收的控制器40的操作状态数据或者卡式RAM50的读出数据写入RAM174中,或基于来自总线控制电路12的命令、读出RAM174的数据并传送到总线控制电路12。
参照图8和图9,本实施例的控制器40包含由上半部分和下半部分组成的外壳401,在外壳401的左右两端靠近操作者一侧突出并形成左侧手柄402L和右侧手柄402R,在左侧手柄402L和右侧手柄402R的中间位置上在前侧突出并形成中央手柄402C。在左侧手柄402L的根部近旁的外壳401的表面上形成作为数字操纵杆的十字方向指示开关403。在右侧手柄402R的根部近旁的外壳401的表面上分别形成指示6种动作的动作指示开关404A、404B、404C、404D、404E和404F。
在中央手柄402C的根部近旁的外壳401的表面上形成能指示360°全方向的模拟操纵杆45。在外壳401的大致中央位置上形成指示游戏开始的起始开关405。起始开关405位于由开关403和404A至404F和模拟操纵杆45围住的区域的大致中央。
此外,在外壳401的背面一侧形成一对侧面开关406L和406R,在下半部分的大致中央并在中央手柄402C的根部近旁形成底面开关407。
下半部分背面一侧沿底面方向延长并在其前端上形成开口部408。在开口部408的进深上设置连接如图4所示的扩展卡式RAM50的连接器(未图示)。在开口部408上形成用于排出插入开口部408的卡式RAM50的控制杆409。而且,在插入前述扩展卡式RAM50的开口部408的控制杆409的相反侧上形成缺口410,这种缺口410在使用控制杆409取出扩展卡式RAM50时、形成用于退出扩展卡式RAM50的空间。
这里,参照图10至图13对模拟操纵杆45详细地进行说明。模拟操纵杆45由图10所示的操纵杆单元构成。用外壳401的上半部分和下半部分夹持其操纵杆单元构成。操纵杆单元包含由箱盒451和箱盖452形成的外壳,在外壳内装有内箱盒453。
如图11和图12所示,内箱盒453在中央部位具有碗形的凹下部分454,在这种凹下部分454的周围以相互相隔90°角度的间隔设置2对支承片455a和455b、456a和456b,并分别在那些支承片455a和455b、456a和456b上设置半圆形的轴承457a和457b、458a和458b。轴承457a和457b、458a和458b配置在同一轴线上,轴承457a和457b、458a和458b的轴心以相同高度相互正交。在内箱盒453的侧面上旋转自如地支承旋转轴心相互正交的叶轮或圆盘459和460,并且在各圆盘459和460上附设齿轮461。
模拟操纵杆单元进一步包含摇动构件462和463。一个摇动构件462为在长轴方向上具备长的长孔的464的圆弧状构件、并在其两端部上设置支承轴465a和465b,同时从这些支承轴465a和465b延伸出具备平坦面466a和466b的轴端部467a和467b、并在单侧的轴端部467b上设置扇形的齿轮468。另一个摇动构件463在由较上一个摇动构件462曲率半径更小的圆弧状构件构成上与上一个摇动构件462不同,但结构在其它方面基本相同。也就是说,参考标号469表示长孔、参考标号470a和470b表示支承轴、参考标号471a和471b表示平坦面、参考标号472a和472b表示轴端部、参考标号473表示齿轮。
借助于在内箱盒453的2组轴承457a和457b、458a和458b上分别嵌入一对摇动构件462和463的支承轴465a和465b、470a和470b,摇动自如地支承一对摇动构件462和463,该一对摇动构件462和463以一定间隔隔置成重叠状态并使长孔463和469的长轴方向互相垂直。这样,在安装于内箱盒453中的一对摇动构件462和463中,扇形齿轮468和473与前述齿轮461啮合,前述的平坦面466a和466b、471a和471b分别在后述的控制杆474的中立状态处于同一水平面上。
如图12所示,控制杆474具备在一端部外径方向上突出的突起475、在中间部上具备球部476、在另一端部具备连接部477。在前述球部476上在每隔180°的地方形成沿纬线方向延伸的沟478。控制杆474的直径按不大于摇动构件462和463的长孔464和469的短径尺寸的尺寸选择,最好按在长孔464和469上能无障碍滑动地嵌入的尺寸选择。并且,控制杆474的一端部被穿插进长孔464和469中、而且其突起475嵌入一个摇动构件462的长孔464中。因此,在该操纵杆474中,突起475在与安装在内箱盒453中的上侧的摇动构件463的长孔469的长轴方向正交的方向上突出,由此,在控制杆474向上方拉出时,基于上侧的摇动构件能防止突起475拔出。
将如图11所示的组装的机构部分安装在图10所示的外箱盒中。这时,用未图示的小螺钉等的适当装置将内箱盒453固定在外箱盒上。
而且由图12易见,在内箱盒453中,对于两个叶轮或圆盘459和460、分别相对设置光断续器479和480。这种光断续器479和480分别包含发光元件和受光元件(未图示),来自发光元件的光通过在叶轮或圆盘459和460上分别形成的缝隙481和482由受光元件受光。因此,光断续器479和480分别检测缝隙481和482,并对应于缝隙481和482、输出随着叶轮或圆盘459和460旋转的脉冲信号。
此外,摇动构件462和463的摇动轴心(支轴465和470)的高度水平和操纵杆474的球部476的中心的高度水平一致。在外箱盒451中装入连接柔性布线板483的基板(未图示),并在这种基板的布线图形上电气连接包含前述的光断续器479和480的发光元件和受光元件。
由图13可见,在具备一对摇动构件462和463的平坦面466和471的上面,安装附沟环状物484,在这种附沟环状物484的上面配置螺旋弹簧485。附沟环状物484为按下构件的一例,在操纵杆474的中立状态,环状物484的下面为水平、并且该环状物484的下面和前述的平坦面466和471相互面接触并重合。
如图13所示,在箱盖452上安装引导环486、并在这种引导环486的中央部形成圆形的孔487。引导环486进一步包含从孔487的周围向外成为上坡度的引导壁488。也就是说,引导壁488作为整体形成“研钵”或者“锥体”形状。而且,从上面看时,引导壁488具有成为8角形的外缘。
此外,孔487的直径选择成与前述的操纵杆474的球部476的外周直径基本相同的尺寸。因此,如图13所示,孔487的孔壁与操纵杆474的球部476接触,基于球部476和孔487、全方位摇动自在地支承操纵杆474。在引导环486的孔487中、在隔180°的两个地方圆形的突起部489向内径方向突出,这些突起部489分别嵌入设置在前述球部476的纬线方向的沟478中。因此,操纵杆474能绕突起部489的轴心摇动,但不能绕操纵杆474本体的轴心旋转。因此,基于球部476的沟478和突起部489,阻止操纵杆474绕其轴心旋转。
在外箱盒451上罩着箱盖452的状态,弹簧490夹在附沟环状物484和箱盖452之间并压缩。因此,通过附沟环状物484用弹簧490的力平时挤压一对摇动构件462和463的平坦面466和471,利用这种压力作用,一对摇动构件462和463平时被弹簧力压紧成不向任何方向倾斜的姿势,其结果、操纵杆474成垂直姿势、也就是说平时被弹簧力压紧成中立的状态。在操纵杆474中,通过操纵杆474的连接部477、安装操作抓手492。在操作抓手492的上面具备凹陷部位493,以便容易放置手指。
在这种模拟操纵杆单元中,对应于操纵杆474的倾斜方向和倾斜角度,摇动构件462和463摇动,对应于摇动构件462和463的摇动角度,叶轮或圆盘469和/或470一旋转,就从光断续器479和480输出对应于这些圆盘469和/或470旋转量的脉冲,并利用这些脉冲作为X轴和/或Y轴方向的坐标信号。
图14表示控制器40和扩展装置的一例的卡式RAM50的详细电路图。为了检测各开关403~407或者操纵杆45等的操作状态并且将其检测数据传送到控制器控制电路17中,在控制器40的箱盒内装有操作信号处理电路44等的电子电路。操作信号处理电路包括44接收电路441、控制电路442、开关信号检测电路443、计数器电路444、发送电路445、连接端口控制电路446、复位电路447和NOR门电路448。
接收电路441将来自控制器控制电路17发送的控制信号和向卡式RAM50的写入数据等的串行信号变换成并行信号并提供给控制电路442。当自控制器控制电路17发送的控制信号是操纵杆45的X、Y坐标的复位信号时,控制电路442产生复位信号、并通过NOR门电路448使包含在计数器444中的X轴用计数器444X和Y轴用计数器444Y的计数值复位(0)。操纵杆45包含X轴用和Y轴用的光断续器以便将操纵杆的倾斜方向分解成X轴方向和Y轴方向并发生与倾斜量成比例的脉冲数,并将各自的脉冲信号提供给计数器444X和计数器444Y。当操纵杆45向X轴方向倾斜时,计数器444X对应于其倾斜量产生的脉冲数进行计数。当操纵杆45向Y轴方向倾斜时,计数器444Y对应于其倾斜量产生的脉冲数进行计数。因此,基于由计数器444X和计数器444Y的计数值决定的X轴和Y轴的合成向量,决定主人公人物或者光标的移动方向和坐标位置。此外,计数器444X和计数器444Y也能基于由电源接通时复位信号发生电路447提供的复位信号、或者操作者同时按下预定的两个开关时由开关信号检测电路443提供的复位信号,复位其计数值。
开关信号检测电路443应答来自控制电路442以一定的周期(例如电视机的帧周期的1/30秒间隔)提供的开关状态的输出指令信号,根据十字开关403、开关404A~404F、405、406L、406R和407的按下状态、读入变化的信号并将其提供给控制电路442。控制电路442应答来自控制器控制电路17的操作状态数据的读出指令信号,用规定的数据格式的顺序将各开关403~407的操作状态数据和计数器444X、444Y的计数值提供给发送电路445。发送电路445将从控制电路442输出的这些并行信号变换成串行数据,并通过变换电路43和信号线42传送到控制器控制电路17。
通过地址总线和数据总线以及端口连接器46,将端口控制电路446连接到控制电路442中。端口控制电路446在将扩展装置一例的卡式RAM50连接到端口连接器46上时,按照CPU11的命令进行数据的输入输出控制(或者发送接收控制)。将RAM51连接到地址总线和数据总线上,并连接用于将电源供给RAM51的电池52、构成卡式RAM50。RAM51是使用地址总线能存取最大存储器容量一半以下容量的RAM,例如由256kb的RAM构成。这种RAM51是用于存储与游戏机关连的后备数据,即使卡式RAM50从端口连接器46拔去,也能接受来自电池52的电源供给、保持存储数据。
图15是用图形表示图像处理装置从控制器40读出表示开关403~407和操纵杆45的各操作状态的数据时的数据格式。基于控制器40发生的数据由4个字节的数据组成。第1个字节的数据表示按下B、A、G、START、上、下、左和右,即开关404B、404A、407、405和十字开关403的上下左右的各按点,例如一按下B按钮即开关404B、第1字节的最高位为“1”。同样地,第2字节表示按下JSRST、0(在实施例中没有使用)、L、R、E、D、C和F,即开关409、406L、406R、404E、404D、404C、404F。第3个字节用2进制表示作为对应于操纵杆45的X方向的倾斜角度的值的X坐标(X计数器444X的计数值)。第4个字节用2进制表示作为对应于操纵杆45的Y方向的倾斜角度的值的Y坐标(Y计数器444Y的计数值)。因为用8位2进制数分别表示各X、Y坐标,所以当将其变换成1 0进制数时、能将操纵杆45的倾斜角度表示成0~255范围的数值。如果使用将最高位表示为负值的,则能用-128~127范围的数值表示操纵杆45的倾斜角度。
图16表示将包含LCD(液晶显示器)62和LCD控制器61的扩展装置60连接到控制器40中的实施例。在这种实施例中,一将扩展装置60连接到端口连接器46上,LCD控制器61就与连接端口控制电路446电气连接,并能进行数据的发送接收。LCD控制器61基于从连接端口控制电路446输出的数据,将图像信号输出到LCD62中。LCD62基于来自LCD控制器61的图像信号,显示图像。
此外,虽然使用了包含RAM的扩展装置50和包含LCD62的扩展装置60,但也能利用发送和/或接收数据并动作的任意的扩展装置。
接着,对与游戏机10和控制器40的数据的发送接收相关的动作进行说明。
首先,参照图17的游戏机10的CPU11的流程图对图像处理进行说明。在步骤S11,CPU11基于存储于图4的程序数据区域202中的初始值(未图示),进行初始设定。接着,在步骤S12,CPU11将存储于程序数据区域202中的控制填充数据要求命令输出到总线控制电路12中。接着,在步骤S13,CPU11基于存储于图4的程序数据区域202中的程序和图像数据区域201,进行规定的图像处理。CPU11在执行步骤S13时,总线控制电路12执行步骤S21-S24。接着,在步骤S14,CPU11基于存储于图4的控制填充数据区域141中的控制填充数据,输出图像数据。在步骤S14结束后,CPU11重复执行步骤S12-步骤S14。
用图18说明总线控制电路12的动作。在步骤S21,总线控制电路12判断CPU11是否输出控制器数据要求命令(控制器40的开关数据或者扩展装置50的数据等的要求命令)。如果没有输出控制器数据要求命令,则等待到被输出为止。如果输出控制器数据要求命令,则转移到步骤S22。在步骤S22,总线控制电路12输出用于将控制器40的数据读入到控制器控制电路17中的命令(下面所示的命令1或者命令2)。接着,在步骤S23,总线控制电路12判断是否控制器控制电路17接收来自控制器40的数据并存储到RAM174中,如果控制器控制电路17没有接收来自控制器40的数据并存储到RAM174中,则总线控制电路12在步骤S23等待,如果控制器控制电路17接收来自控制器40的数据并存储到RAM174中,则转移到步骤S24。在步骤S24,总线控制电路12将存储在控制器控制电路17的RAM174中的控制器40的数据传送到W-RAM14。总线控制电路12一结束对W-RAM14的数据传送就返回到步骤S21,并重复步骤S21-步骤S24的动作。
此外,在前述的流程图中,虽然示出了总线控制电路12从RAM174向W-RAM14传送数据后,CPU11处理存储于W-RAM14中的数据的例子,但也可以通过总线控制电路12、CPU11直接处理RAM174的数据。
图19表示用于说明控制器控制电路17动作的流程图。在步骤S31,判断有无来自总线控制电路12的写入等待,如果没有写入等待,则数据传送控制电路171等待、直到有来自总线控制电路12的写入等待为止。如果有写入等待,则在接着的步骤S32,数据传送控制电路171将对于第1~第4通道的命令和/或数据(下面称为“命令/数据”)存储在RAM174中。在步骤S33将第1通道的命令/数据发送到与连接器181连接的控制器40中。控制电路442基于命令/数据进行规定的动作,并向游戏机10输出应该发送的数据。这种数据的内容说明了控制电路442的动作,在后面叙述。在步骤S34,数据传送控制电路171接收来自控制电路442输出的数据,并将该数据存储在RAM中。
然后,与步骤S33和S34的第1通道的动作相同,在步骤S35,将第2通道的命令/数据发送到控制器40中。控制电路442基于这种命令/数据进行规定的动作,并将应该发送的数据输出到游戏机10中。在步骤S36,进行第2通道的数据传送和写入处理。在步骤S37,将第3通道的命令/数据发送到控制器40中。控制电路442基于这种命令/数据进行规定的动作,并将应该发送的数据输出到游戏机10中。在步骤S38,进行第3通道的数据传送和写入处理。在步骤S39,将第4通道的命令/数据发送到控制器40中。控制器40的控制电路442基于这种命令/数据进行规定的动作,并将应该发送的数据输出到游戏机10中。在步骤S40,进行第4通道的数据传送和写入处理。接着在步骤S41,数据传送控制电路171汇总步骤S34、S36、S38和S40接收的数据并传送到总线控制电路12。
如前所述,根据分时处理,在时间传送控制电路171和各控制器40内的控制电路442之间,传送从第1通道到第4通道的数据、即对于与连接器181~184连接的各控制器40的命令和从各控制器40应该读出的操作状态的数据。
图20表示用于说明控制器电路44动作的流程图。首先,在步骤S51,判断命令是否从游戏机10输入到控制电路442中。如果命令没有输入,则等待、直到输入命令为止。命令一输入,在步骤S52就判断输入到控制电路442中的命令是否为状态要求命令(命令“0”),在命令“0”的场合,进入步骤S53、并进行状态送出处理。
在步骤S53,CPU11输出命令“0”的场合,在游戏机10和控制器40之间发送接收如图21所示格式的数据。这时,控制电路442一接收到以1字节(8位)构成的命令“0”的数据,就发送TYPE L(1字节)、TYPE H(1字节)和状态。这里,TYPE L和TYPE H,是识别连接于端口连接器46的设备具有什么样的功能的数据,是记录于卡式RAM50的固有的数据。由此,游戏机10能识别在控制器40中连接什么样的扩展装置(例如卡式RAM50或者LCD62等的其它扩展装置)。状态是表示是否在端口上连接卡式RAM50等的扩展装置、以及是否在复位后连接扩展装置的数据。
另一方面,在步骤S52,一判断命令不是“0”,就在步骤S54判断被输入的命令是否有填充数据要求命令(命令“1”)。在命令“1”的场合,进入步骤S55,并进行填充数据的送出处理。具体地说,CPU11输出命令“1”的场合,在游戏机10和控制器40之间发送接收如图22所示格式的数据。这时,控制电路442一接收到用一个字节(8位)构成的命令1的数据,就发送B、A、G、START、上、下、左、右、L、R、E、D、C、F的14个开关的数据(16位)和JSRST(1位)和计数器444X以及计数器444Y的数据(16位)。借助于将这些数据发送到游戏机10中,使游戏机10知道操作者如何操作控制器40,游戏机10对应于控制器40的操作状态、用于使图像变化。
在前述的步骤S54,当判断不是命令“1”时,就在接着的步骤S56判断被输入的命令是否为连接到扩展连接器中的卡式RAM50相关连的数据读出要求命令(命令“2”)。是命令“2”的场合,进入步骤S57、并进行扩展连接器读出处理。具体地说,CPU11输出命令“2”的场合,在游戏机10和控制器40之间发送接收如图23所示格式的数据。这时,控制电路442一接收到用一个字节(8位)构成的命令2的数据、表示地址的高位的地址H(8位)、表示地址的低位(3位)的地址L、以及用于检查发送接收的地址数据错误的地址CRC(5位),就基于接收到的地址数据、发送存储于卡式RAM的数据(32字节)和用于检查数据错误的地址CRC(8位)。这样,借助于游戏机10与卡式RAM50(或者其它的扩展装置连接),游戏机10能处理来自卡式RAM50等的数据。
在前述的步骤S56,一判断不是命令“2”,就接着在步骤S58,判断被输入的命令是否为连接到扩展连接器46中的卡式RAM50相关连的信息的读入要求命令(命令“3”)。是命令“3”的场合,在步骤S59、进行与扩展连接器46连接的卡式RAM50的数据读入处理。具体地说,CPU11一输出命令“3”,就应答于命令“3”、在游戏机10和控制器40之间发送接收如图24所示数据。
也就是说,控制电路442一接收到用1个字节(8位)构成的命令3的数据、表示地址的高位的地址H(8位)、表示地址的低位(3位)的地址L、用于检查发送接收的地址数据错误的地址CRC(5位)、以及应该发送到卡式RAM50中的数据(32字节),就发送对于接收到的数据进行检查错误的CRC(8位)。这样,借助于连接扩展装置50和游戏机10、游戏机10能控制扩展装置50。这样,借助于连接扩展装置50和游戏机10、能极大地改善控制器40的功能。
在前述步骤S58,当判断不是命令“3”时,在步骤S60,判断是否为复位命令(命令255)。复位命令255的场合,在步骤S61,进行模拟操纵杆45的计数器444的复位处理。
具体地说,CPU11输出命令255的场合,在游戏机10和控制器40之间发送接收如图25所示的数据。也就是说,控制器40的控制电路442一接收到以1字节(8位)构成的命令255的数据,就输出复位信号、对X计数器444X和Y计数器444Y进行复位、并发送前述的TYPE L(1字节)、TYPE H(1字节)和状态。
下面,参照图26的流程图,对控制器控制电路17、将存储于与通过连接用接插件41连接到控制器用连接器181中的控制器40(控制器A)的端口连接器46相连接的扩展装置50内的RAM51中的数据、传送到与通过连接用接插件41连接到控制器用连接器182中的控制器40(控制器B)的端口连接器46相连接的扩展装置50内的RAM51中的动作进行说明。
首先,当操作者操作控制器40决定开始备份或者决定基于程序开始复制时,在步骤S191,数据传送控制电路171向控制器A发送命令“2”。控制器A进行对应于命令“2”的规定的动作,并将存储于RAM51中的数据发送到数据传送控制电路171中。在步骤S193,数据传送控制电路1 71将从控制器A接收到的数据存储在RAM174中。在步骤S194,数据传送控制电路171将存储于RAM174中的数据传送到W-RAM14中。当在与控制器A连接的RAM51和与控制器B连接的RAM51数据格式不同时,就由CPU11对存储于W-RAM14中的数据进行变换。在步骤S195,数据传送控制电路171将存储于W-RAM14中的数据传送到RAM174中。在步骤S197,数据传送控制电路171向控制器B发送命令“3”。在步骤S196,数据传送控制电路171向控制器B发送存储于RAM174中的数据。在步骤S198,判定是否全部传送完了应该从控制器A向控制器B传送的数据。传送完了的场合,结束备份动作。没有传送完的场合,再次执行步骤S191~步骤S198。
这样,借助于执行步骤S191~步骤S198,能将存储于与控制器A连接的扩展装置50的RAM51中的数据、存储在与控制器B连接的扩展装置50的RAM51中。
这样,分析交战对手的交战记录,或作为以后交战参考,或即使在一个人玩比赛游戏和棒球游戏时、也能借助于用对手的机器的调节数据和棒球队数据、与对手的机器和棒球队交战。
接着,对前述的操纵杆45的复位详细地进行说明。
决定操纵杆45的原点的复位方法有基于按钮操作的复位、基于电源接通/断开的复位和基于游戏机10的复位三种。
(1)基于按钮操作的复位
参照图27的流程图,对存储操纵杆45的倾斜状态的数据的计数器444的复位进行说明。首先,在步骤S432,开关信号检测电路443检测是否同时按下按钮406L、按钮406R和按钮405。并且,在没有同时按下三个按钮时,继续进行开关信号的检测。在按下三个按钮的场合,输出复位信号。
借助于输出这种复位信号,在步骤S434,复位X计数器444X和Y计数器444Y的计数值。因此,每次同时按下按钮406L、按钮406R和按钮405,决定操纵杆的原点。
在本实施例中,虽然给出了使用者同时按下按钮406L、按钮406R和按钮405三个按钮时,开关信号检测电路443产生复位信号的例子,但也可以不是特定的这三个按钮。例如,使用者按的按钮不限于三个、也可以是二个或者四个。用于复位的按钮也可以不是前述的三个按钮、可以设定其它安装的按钮中的任何按钮。
(2)基于电源接通/断开的复位
参照图28的流程图,对其它的计数器444复位进行说明。首先,在将控制器40连接到游戏机10的场合,在使用者接通游戏机10的电源开关、或者控制器40没有连接到游戏机10中的场合,借助于使用者将控制器40的连接用接插件插入游戏机10的控制器用连接器181-184,随着向控制器40供给电源,电源接通复位电路447输出复位信号。利用输出这种复位信号,在步骤S442,复位X计数器444X和Y计数器444Y的计数值。因此,每次向控制器40供给电源,即决定操纵杆的原点。
(3)基于游戏机10的复位
在前述图20的步骤S60和步骤S61有复位。利用这种复位,对应于游戏机10的处理状态,能用程序自由地决定操纵杆45的原点。
用前述的方法能复位X计数器444X和Y计数器444Y。借助于控制杆474中立时(没有被使用者操作时)输出复位信号,能够防止在X计数器444X和Y计数器444Y中存储了错误的计数值被原样保存情况下、向游戏机10发送错误的计数值。
接着,利用图29对基于控制器40使画面变化的例子进行说明。图29的左图是用坐标表示控制杆474的物理的倾斜量。具体地说,描绘在中心的圆表示控制杆474的位置,在图中表示操作者没有操作的状态(控制杆474对于箱壳成垂直直立的状态),如果从操作者来看,向后方倾斜控制杆474时,圆对于Y轴向+方向移动,向前方倾斜控制杆474时,圆对于Y轴向-方向移动。从操作者来看,向右方倾斜控制杆474时,圆对于X轴向+方向移动,向左方倾斜控制杆474时,圆对于X轴向-方向移动。
图29的右图作为实施例的一例,给出了借助于使控制杆474向前后左右倾斜,上下左右地移动对准光标35,对准光标与敌34对准的游戏显示画面。云31、山32和建筑物33是用滚动等变化的背景图像,敌34中在画面上自由地来回移动的目标。例如,如图所示,敌34出现在画面的右上方时,操作者向右倾斜控制杆474、并且向前方倾斜。于是,对在控制器40内的X计数器444X进行加法、计数值增大,而且,对Y计数器444Y进行加法、计数值增大。将这种计数值的数据发送到游戏机10中。游戏机10用这种加法值的数据,使对准光标35的显示位置变化。其结果,对准光标35与敌34变成重合。并且,重合时,一按下按钮404A等的按钮,这种开关数据也与前述加法值的数据相同发送到游戏机10中。其结果,游戏机10发送用于在画面上显示导弹(未图示)等、并击中敌34那样的显示图像信号。
接着,参照图30对从中心部偏移(倾斜)并复位控制杆474的场合的例子进行说明。在用图30的左图的实线的圆表示的坐标位置复位X计数器444X和Y计数器444Y时,操作者从控制杆474一放手,控制杆474就返回到坐标的中心位置(用虚线圆表示的坐标位置)。用图30的右图对这时的图像显示的变化进行说明。首先,如同图30的右图那样,复位X计数器444X和Y计数器444Y时,在实线的圆的位置显示对准光标35。这时因为X计数器444X和Y计数器444Y的计数值是0,是与初始值相同的计数值的缘故。接着,操作者从控制杆474放手,控制杆474返回到坐标的中心位置时,
对在控制器40内的X计数器444X进行加法、计数值增大,而且,对Y计数器444Y进行减法、计数值减小。将这种计数值的数据发送到游戏机10中。游戏机10用这种加法值的数据,使对准光标35的显示位置变化。(变化成虚线的对准光标35的位置。)
下面对在什么样的时候进行这样的复位进行说明。例如,操作者预计敌34出现的位置是图30的右图的虚线的对准光标35的位置。这种场合,考虑想要在敌34出现的瞬间在虚线的对准光标的位置上、与对准光标重合。但是,将对准光标35一直静止在虚线的对准光标35处,作为操作游戏的人来说是无聊的,而且,有可能从预想以外的场所敌34出现时不能反应。因此,为了使得在敌34出现的瞬间在虚线的对准光标35的位置上与对准光标35重合,而且为了使对准光标35自由地在其它场所移动,使用前述的复位功能。具体地说明操作者的动作时,首先,操作者倾斜控制杆474,使在以实线的对准光标35为基准,假设敌34出现的位置(虚线的对准光标35的位置)及对象的位置上显示对准光标35。这时,控制杆474的物理坐标为图30的左图的实线的圆的位置。这时,操作者同时按下按钮406L、按钮406R和按钮405三个按钮。于是,复位X计数器444X和Y计数器444Y,并在实线的对准光标35的位置上显示对准光标35。而且,操作者一边自由地移动对准光标35、一边等待敌34的出现。如果,在虚线的对准光标35的位置上敌34出现时,操作者从控制杆474放手。于是,控制杆474返回到图30的左图的虚线的圆的物理的坐标位置。其结果,在虚线的对准光标35的位置上显示对准光标35。操作者使对准光标35正确地重合在敌34上,当按下按钮404A等的开关时,导弹(未图示)被显示在画面上、并击中敌34。
当如前所述那样进行复位时,能在右下方向较多地移动控制杆474。因此,操作者想在右下方向较多地移动控制杆474时是有效的。
虽然对本发明详细地进行了说明和图示,但其仅用作图解和一例,很清楚不应该理解为限于此。

Claims (5)

1.一种游戏机系统,由基于操作者的操作的多个操作器、和基于来自该操作器的操作数据进行图像处理的游戏机构成,其特征在于,
所述游戏机包括:
基于规定的程序进行用于图像处理动作的中央处理装置,
能存储由所述中央处理装置存取、并为了中央处理装置使游戏进行所必要的数据和来自所述操作器的数据的动作用存储装置,
解调来自所述操作器的操作器数据并进行接收的第1接收装置,
暂时存储命令数据和操作器数据的暂时存储装置,
按照所述中央处理装置的命令进行规定的数据处理的第1数据处理装置,
对从所述第1数据处理装置输出的数据进行调制并发送到所述操作器的第1发送装置,和
用于连接游戏机和所述操作器的第1连接装置;
所述操作器包括:
解调来自所述第1发送装置的数据并进行接收的第2接收装置,
基于操作者操作的开关装置,
输出与所述开关装置的操作状态有关的操作器数据的第2数据处理装置,和
对从所述第2数据处理装置输出的操作器数据进行调制并发送到所述游戏机的第2发送装置;
借助于所述操作器与所述第1连接装置连接、电气连接所述操作器和所述第1数据处理装置,
所述中央处理装置输出用于读出操作器数据的命令数据,
所述第1数据处理装置将从所述中央处理装置输出的命令数据输出到所述第1发送装置中、使基于所述第1接收装置接收的操作器数据存储在所述暂时存储装置中、并用规定的定时传送到所述动作用存储装置中。
2.如权利要求1所述的游戏机系统,其特征还在于,
所述操作器还包括:
与所述第2数据处理装置连接的用于发送接收地址数据的地址总线,
与所述第2数据处理装置连接的用于发送接收数据的数据总线,和
用于对应于来自地址总线和/或数据总线的数据与控制所述地址总线和/或数据总线的外部电子电路连接的第2连接装置;
所述第1数据处理装置将从所述中央处理装置输出的命令数据输出到所述第1发送装置中,
所述第2数据处理装置基于来自所述第1发送装置的命令数据、将规定的地址数据和/或数据输出到所述外部电子电路中、并输出外部电子电路的动作结果作为操作器数据。
3.如权利要求2所述的游戏机系统,其特征还在于,
所述第2连接装置连接能读出/写入数据的外部存储装置(50),
所述第2数据处理装置借助于输出地址数据和/或数据、对于外部存储装置能读出、写入数据。
4.如权利要求3所述的游戏机系统,其特征还在于,
所述第1数据处理装置能对具备多个所述操作器的所述第2数据处理装置发送接收数据,
在至少二个操作器的所述第2连接装置中具备所述外部存储装置时、所述第1数据处理装置接收一个外部存储装置的数据、并能将该数据传送到该外部存储装置以外的其它外部储存装置中。
5.如权利要求4所述的游戏机系统,其特征还在于,
所述第1数据处理装置将接收的所述一个外部储存装置的数据暂时存储到所述动作用储存装置中后、读出来自动作用储存装置的数据、并能将该数据传送到该外部存储装置以外的其它外部储存装置中。
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EP0796643A4 (en) 1998-04-15
BR9606671A (pt) 1997-12-30
JPH09164273A (ja) 1997-06-24
DE69620381D1 (de) 2002-05-08
ES2175133T3 (es) 2002-11-16
DE69620381T2 (de) 2002-10-02
KR987000111A (ko) 1998-03-30
US20030087698A1 (en) 2003-05-08
JP3524247B2 (ja) 2004-05-10
EP0796643B1 (en) 2002-04-03
CA2206693C (en) 2004-03-09
AU7226796A (en) 1997-04-30
CA2206693A1 (en) 1997-04-17
MX9704151A (es) 1997-09-30
KR100394751B1 (ko) 2003-12-18
US6497618B1 (en) 2002-12-24
US7594854B2 (en) 2009-09-29
US6264558B1 (en) 2001-07-24
HK1003170A1 (en) 1998-10-16
WO1997013565A1 (fr) 1997-04-17
EP0796643A1 (en) 1997-09-24
CN1173825A (zh) 1998-02-18
AU722822B2 (en) 2000-08-10

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