CN1158762C - 差动触摸传感器及其控制电路 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/96—Touch switches
- H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/96—Touch switches
- H03K2017/9602—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes
- H03K2017/9604—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes characterised by the number of electrodes
- H03K2017/9613—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes characterised by the number of electrodes using two electrodes per touch switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960735—Capacitive touch switches characterised by circuit details
- H03K2217/96075—Capacitive touch switches characterised by circuit details involving bridge circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
- H03K2217/960775—Emitter-receiver or "fringe" type detection, i.e. one or more field emitting electrodes and corresponding one or more receiving electrodes
Abstract
一种用来检测是否存在诸如人身上的附属物的物体的差动触摸传感器装置,该装置具有第一电极(16),位置靠近第一电极的第二电极(18),与第一和第二电极相连的差动电路(Q1、Q2、34、48),以及相连的,用来提供在第一和第二电极之间产生电场的电信号的脉冲或其他信号源(60)。在使物体接近第一电极时,影响第一和第二电极之间的电场,由此影响它们之间的电压差。差动电路响应于第一和第二电极之间的电压差而提供一输出信号。在另一实施例中,靠近所述第一和第二电极安装一选通电极(22),并将脉冲或其他信号供给选通电极,以在选通电极和第一及第二电极之中的每一个之间感应出电场。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及触摸面板系统,更具体地,涉及附加在基底的一侧、用来检测用户接触基底相对侧的触摸传感器。
背景技术
在各种应用中都使用触摸面板,以代替传统的机械开关:例如烤箱、微波炉及其它。与机械开关不同,触摸面板不含容易断裂或磨损的移动部件。使用基底的机械开关需要多种穿过基底的开口,用以安装这些开关。这些开口,以及开关本身上的孔洞,使得灰尘、水及其它污物穿过基底或纳入开关中。某些环境含有大量能穿过基底开口的污物,引起短路或损坏基底下的元件。然而,触摸面板可在基底上没有任何开口的一连续基底板上形成。还有,由于触摸面板上没有开口以及积攒灰尘和其它污物的凹陷,因而很容易清洁。
现有触摸面板在设计上都有附在基底两侧上,即设置在基底的“前”表面和基底的“后”表面上的触摸垫整电极。典型地,氧化锡锑(TAO)电极附加在基底的前表面上,而另外的电极附加在后表面上。当用户接触TAO电极时,触摸垫被起动。这样的设计使得TAO电极容易受擦划、清洁剂及磨砂清洁布的损环。而且,TAO电极增加了触摸面板的成本和复杂性。
已知的触摸面板通常采用高阻抗的设计,这在基底上出现一些诸如水或其它液体的污物时会使触摸面板发生故障。在通常会发现液体的地方,例如厨房就会出现这样的问题。由于触摸垫具有比水更高的阻抗,水会充当由触摸垫产生的电场的导体。因而,电场会形成最低电阻即水的回路。还有,由于高阻抗设计,静电能引起触摸面板发生故障。因为高的触摸垫阻抗,阻止了静电快速耗散。
现有触摸面板的设计还有一些与邻近触摸垫之间的相互干扰相关的问题。当由一个触摸垫产生的电场干扰由相邻触摸垫产生的电场时会发生相互干扰,从而导致错误的起动,例如起动错误的触摸垫或同时启动两个触摸垫。
已知的触摸面板设计的单个触摸垫都是无源的。在触摸垫周围没有有源元件。相反,用引线将每个无源触摸垫与有源检测电路相连接。触摸垫引线依据触摸垫相对于检测电路的位置具有不同长度。而且,引线依据其线路路径而具有不同形状。引线长度和形状上的差异会引起每条线上的的信号电平衰减到不同的电平上。例如,具有许多拐角的长引线就会将检测信号衰减得比具有很少拐角的短引线多得多。因此,由检测电路接收的信号从一个垫到另一个垫差别很大。结果,需要将检测电路设计成对信号电平的很大差异进行补偿。
许多现有触摸面板使用靠近每个触摸垫的接地机构,例如接地环。这些接地机构是必须位于并附加在每个触摸垫附近的额外元件,由此增加了触摸垫的复杂性。而且,一些接地机构要求针对每个触摸垫有不同的配置,以使送到检测电路的信号电平的差异最小。因而,需要额外的设计时间来设计各种不同的接地机构。
在烤箱、微波炉及其它中使用传统的触摸面板或触摸传感器时,将触摸传感器放在潜在地与导电液体或污物频繁接触的环境中。任何触摸传感器上的导电液体都可能产生虚假输出,由此使控制电路起动一并不需要的输出动作。当这样的液体以大量泥水或液滴的形式出现时,实际上能够扩散到二个或更多的触膜传感器上。这也导致虚假输入信号的可能性。
最近在触摸面板设计上的改进包括降低触摸传感器本身的输入和输出阻抗的技术,由此使传感器能免除污物和由于外部噪声源而引起的虚假启动。美国专利No.5,594,222说明了这样的技术。虽然这一方法比现有技术具有若干优点,但某些属性限制了其应用。例如,最终的传感器可能对温度变化有内在的敏感性。如果输出端的温度变化相对于合适的信号变化是很小的话,并且相对于由于晶体管改变引起的信号变化是很小的话,那么单个晶体管或其他放大装置将相当令人满意。然而,在只有很小的动态范围以允许用软件进行补偿的应用中,以及在温度变化相对于合适的信号变化很大的应用中,要使用另一方案来消除或大量减少温度效应。还有,尽管这一技术的低阻抗方法能够区分具有一定阻抗的污物和具有一定阻抗的人体触摸,但这一技术本身还不够来区分极低的阻抗水平。这一情形的例子就是在传感器(即内部和外部两个电极)上覆盖大量污物,大大降低内部垫的阻抗时。另一例子是诸如金属盘的导电材料覆盖整个单独的传感器时。
因此,希望提供一种触摸面板,它能防止在出现强导电材料、相当大的温度变化及内部和外部两个电极与相应的电路所共有的其它效应时产生虚假信号。
发明内容
本发明通过提供对构成一触摸传感器的两个电极之间的一比较,即使不能完全解决也能大大改进上述问题。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了一种用于在传感导线上产生控制信号的传感器装置,所述装置包括:至少一个第一电极;以相间隔的关系至少部分围绕所述第一电极的第二电极;具有与所述第一和第二电极分别连接的第一和第二输入节点,以及与传感导线相连接的一输出节点的差动电路;用来提供电信号给所述第一和第二电极的信号源;其中响应于由所述信号源提供给所述第一和第二电极中至少一个的信号,在所述第一和第二电极之间产生一电场;其中所述第一和第二电极被配置在包括介电材料的基底的相同或相反的表面上;及其中所述差动电路测量第一和第二电极间的电位差并在传感导线上产生与加在第一和第二电极上的激励之间的差成正比的输出作为一控制信号。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种用来检测是否存在要检测的激励的传感器装置,所述装置包括:至少一个第一电极;用来提供电信号给所述至少一个第一电极的信号源;其中响应于由所述信号源提供给所述至少一个第一电极的信号,产生与所述至少一个第一电极相关的电场;其中靠近所述至少一个第一电极存在的激励影响该电场;具有与所述至少一个第一电极相连的第一输入节点、与参考电势相连的第二输入节点及一输出节点的差动电路;及其中所述差动电路在其输出节点处产生与第一和第二输入节点处的电压差成正比的信号,由此输出节点处的信号与靠近所述至少一个第一电极存在的激励相关联。
根据本发明的再一方面,提供了一种用来检测是否存在要检测的激励的传感器装置,所述装置包括:至少一个第一电极;位置靠近所述至少一个第一电极的选通电极;用来提供电信号给所述选通电极的信号源;其中响应于由所述信号源提供给所述选通电极的信号,产生与所述至少一个第一电极相关的电场;其中靠近所述至少一个第一电极存在的激励影响该电场;具有与所述至少一个第一电极相连的第一输入节点、与参考电势相连的第二输入节点及一输出节点的差动电路;及其中所述差动电路在其输出节点处产生与第一和第二输入节点处的电压差成正比的信号,从而此输出节点处的信号与靠近所述至少一个第一电极存在的激励相关联。
本发明的触摸传感器有一个或多个第一电极及一个或多个第二电极,它们与用来测量第一和第二电极之间的电势差的一电路装置相耦合。第一和第二电极通常放置在基底的同一表面,基底的相对侧会用作为触摸表面。第一电极与第二电极相隔很近,这样当触摸输入产生影响时可以对第一电极和第二电极上的电压作出比较。将安装差动测量电路,用于排除趋向于在两个电极上产生相同影响的共同模式信号,例如温度、电噪声、电源变化及其它输入。
可使用本发明的触摸垫来替换现有的触摸垫或代替传统的开关。当用户用身上的一附属部分,例如指尖接触或接近基底时,触摸垫被起动,例如来打开或关闭设备,调整温度,设定时钟或定时器,或任何其他由传统开关执行的功能。除了改进并解决现有触摸垫设计上存在的问题,本发明在目前使用膜片开关的应用中也很有用。本发明的触摸垫也适合于使用在下列环境中:温度变化剧烈;存在大量污物以及触摸垫上放有或覆盖金属物体。
在优选的结构中,一选通电极经第一电阻器与第一电极相连,并经第二电阻器与第二电极相连。响应于施加在选通电极上的一选通信号,在每个电极上产生电场。在每个电极上形成电势。在差动测量电路中配置两个晶体管,而差动测量电路与第一和第二电极相连,用来测量第一电极和第二电极之间的电压差。传感导线被连在差动测量电路的输出端,在优选实施例中它将检测信号运送到一峰值检测器电路。当用户触摸基底时差动测量电路的输出值被改变。
在优选的结构中,两个匹配的晶体管构成一差动对,每一个的位置都靠近触摸垫。晶体管一起工作,放大差动输入信号,以减缓选通效应和传感痕迹对触摸垫的影响,并减小触摸垫的输出阻抗。而且,通过使用匹配的晶体管,在温度变化时差动电路的输出将变化很小。
内部和外部电极被连接以便将输出隔开至差动电路,这样当第一电极受感应电场的影响比第二电极多时,差动电路将提供更高的输出电压电平。而且,在优选实施例中,当在第二电极受电场的影响比第一电极多时,电路将产生更低的输出。当两个电极产生相同或近似的响应时,差动电路的输出将改变很小。例如当指尖基本上压在第一电极上而不在第二电极上时就会产生这些情况。这将产生更高的输出信号。当污物基本上盖住第二(外部)电极而不在第一(内部)电极上时则产生另一情形。这将产生更低的电平输出信号。当金属垫盖住第一和第二两个电极时则是另一情形。如果是这一情形,在优选实施例中两个电极的响应将基本相同,因此差动测量电路的输出同前面无触摸情形一样基本不改变。
附图说明
通过参考下面的详细说明及下列附图,本发明的各种特征、优点和其他应用将变得更清楚:
图1表示从基底的后表面所看到的本发明之触摸垫;
图2是通常地沿图1中2-2线的截面图;
图3与图2类似也是截面图,但表示有源元件安装到基底上的另一情形;
图4是图1和图2所示的触摸垫的电路的概略示意图;
图5A、5B、5C及5D是在各种输入激励下的传感输出的波形;
图6表示选通信号的波形;及
图7与图1类似,是本发明触摸垫另一实施例的示意图。
图1、2、3、4和7中类似的示意数字表示类似元件。
具体实施方式
参照图1和图2,所示的单个触摸垫13附连在绝缘基底10上。应当明白,即使不是最多,也是有许多的应用包括在基底上的多个触摸垫及相关的电路。
可用任何一种介电材料,例如玻璃、陶瓷、塑料或类似材料制成基底10。在优选实施例中,用玻璃制成基底10,并具有大约3mm的均匀厚度。基底10的厚度随具体应用而变化,这样在要求额外的强度时使用更厚的基底。如果用玻璃制造基底10,则典型的基底能达到大约1.1mm薄,也能到大约5mm厚。如果基底10用塑料制造,则基底能够比1mm还薄,与塑料膜片开关中所用的材料类似。
基底10具有前表面12和相对的后表面14。用户通过触膜基底10的前表面12,提供必要的激励而起动触摸垫13。
触摸垫13包括第一、导电或内部电极16及基本上围绕第一电极的第二、导电或外部电极18。在第一电极16和第二电极18之间有一间隔。最好,第一电极16具有的尺寸可使该电极在前表面被触摸时由用户的指尖或其他人身上的附属物所覆盖。
在优选实施例中,第一电极16是正方形,而第二电极18具有与第一电极16的形状一致的正方形。然而,应当明白,第一电极16可以采用各种几何形状,包括但不限于长方形、梯形、圆形、椭圆形、三角形、六边形及八边形。无论第一电极16的形状如何,第二电极18以相间隔的关系至少部分地围绕第一电极16。
可以认识到,图1中垫的几何形状是配置电极结构的一种方式,依据其应用及附属物的大小也可使用许多其他形状和尺寸。一个例子就是手可以是感兴趣的附属物,而不是手指。在这种情况下,两个电极间的间隔可相隔很远,并且两个电极可以大得多。
类似地,可以认识到,图1和7中垫的几何形状每一个均表示配置电极结构的特定方式,也可依据其应用及附属物的大小而使用许多其他形状和尺寸。一个例子就是两个电极相隔很远,并且两个电极较大。
最好,第一电极16是固体导体。然而,第一电极16也可具有多个孔洞,或具有网眼或栅格结构。
在优选实施例中,设置一第三电极,即选通电极22,如图1所示。选通电极22是在基底10上形成的薄导体。选通电极22与第二电极18相间隔。最好,选通电极22与第二电极18的两侧相间隔,如图1所示。选通电极22也邻近第一电极16。以这种方式,选通电极22的一部分相隔在第二电极18和第一电极16之间,这样单个选通电极22用作第一电极16和第二电极18两者的选通导线,如图1所示。
如图1所示,选通电极或导线22与电源60相连。
选通导线22携载来自电源60的一选通信号,例如优选实施例中的方波(图6中所示)。在优选方波的实施例中,波形以25KHz和50KHz之间的频率在0和+5伏特之间振荡。另一方面,根据所采用的检测电路,选通信号也可具有小于25KHz或大于50KHz的频率。而且,根据可易于从被控制的装置得到的电压,选通信号可在0到+3伏、0到+12伏、0到+24伏、一5伏到+5伏或任何其他电压范围之间振荡。
最好,选通信号具有大约7毫微秒的上升时间。然而,多达110毫微秒甚至更大的上升时间也能使用。上升时间越快,例如7毫微秒,则提供的输入阻抗越小,可是优选的。如下面所述,选通信号在触摸垫处产生电场。
选通信号具有尖锐的上升沿(如图6所示),这使在选通导线22和每个第二电极18及第一电极16之间产生电势差。电极16、18和22间的这一电势差在电极间产生一弧形电场,如图2中的虚线所示。此电场延伸穿过前表面12,并穿过基底10。尽管图2中未示出,电极16、18和22间的电场从基底10的后表面14向下形成一类似的弧形路径。这一路径几乎是图2所示虚线的镜面图像,向下延伸而不是向上。
如图2所示,产生的电场相互是相对的。例如,图2所示电场路径在第一电极16的相对侧从选通电极22起始,从选通电极22到第二电极18。
再参照图1,传感或输出导线24附加到基底10上,基底10与下面要说明的差动电路32的输出端相连接。传感导线24携载来自触摸垫13的检测或操作信号,以起动合适的检测或控制电路,这在我的于1997年1月14日获得的美国专利5,594,222中进行了详细说明,其内容被结合在此以作参考。
如图1、2和4所示,表面装配元件与触摸垫13电连接。表面装配元件包括连接在选通电极22和第二电极18之间的电阻28,以及连接在第一电极16和选通电极22之间的电阻30。电阻28和30可具有2.2KΩ的电阻值,如最优实施例中所示,由此为触摸垫13提供相对低的放电输入阻抗。
通常由参考数字32表示的差动电路也与电极16、18和22相连接。差动电路32包括配置成差动对的两个晶体管Q1和Q2,两个晶体管Q1和Q2的发射极经电阻34与选通电极22相连。
晶体管Q1的基极经第二电极18与电阻28相连,其集电极接地。晶体管Q2的基极经第一电极16与电阻30相连。晶体管Q2的集电极与传感导线24相连,并经电阻48接地。
最好,每个晶体管Q1和Q2是PNP型晶体管,例如晶体管型号MPS3906。另外,可使用NPN型晶体管、MOSFET或任何其他有源、可触发电子元件来代替PNP型晶体管。
图4也示意性地说明了在各种电极16、18及22之间的杂散、寄生以及其他电容耦合。电容37表示选通电极22和第二电极18之间的电容耦合。电容33代表选通电极22和第一电极16之间的电容耦合。电容35代表第一电极场干扰(即模型化为第一电极16和地之间的电容耦合)。电容36表示杂散传感导线电容。电容38代表第二电极18场干扰。电容40代表杂散选通导线电容。电阻29代表选通电极22的电阻。本实施例中的电阻30用来在选通脉冲的上升沿过程中对晶体管Q2加偏压,并形成电容33和35的放电回路。类似地,电阻28形成电容37和38的放电回路,并在选通脉冲的上升沿过程中对晶体管Q1加偏压。
差动电路32按晶体管Q1和Q2用作为差动对的方式工作。公共发射极电阻34用来产生负反馈,这将产生传感器电路的差分运算。如果晶体管Q2的基极偏压高于Q1的基极,则更多电流将流过Q2的集电极,由此产生电阻48上的电压增大。如果晶体管Q1的基极偏压高于晶体管Q2的基极,则发射极电流的主要部分将流过晶体管Q1的集电极,由此使较少电流流过晶体管Q2的集电极,在电阻48上产生的电压降低。如果晶体管Q1的基极上施加的偏压增加,并且晶体管Q2的基极上施加的偏压也增加到与晶体管Q1的基极上的偏压相等的电压,则差动电路平衡,并且Q2的集电极电流不会有明显增加,而电阻48上的电压变化即使有的话也将很小。
差动电路32关于触摸传感器13的操作提供了几个优点。这一操作可从图5A-5D看出,图5A-5D表示了响应于第一和第二电极16和18上施加的各种激励或缺少激励时传感导线24上的输出电压。如图5A所示,没有第一或第二电极激励,选通导线22上的信号220将从0伏升高到大约5.0伏的最高值。尽管在传感导线24上有相对小的输出电压240,基本上由于晶体管Q1和Q2的偏压的细微差异,传感线24上的输出电压处于最小稳定状态量。
如图5B所示,在第一电极16上加有激励(即手指尖放在第一电极16区域的前表面12上)而第二电极18上没有激励时,传感导线24上的输出电压升到超过3.0V的最高值,这明显大于稳定状态量,然后按指数律地下降。在图5C中,仅在第二电极18上施加激励时,导致传感导线24上的电压小于稳定状态电压。最后,如图5D所示,当第一和第二电极16和18上都加有激励时,输出电压接近稳定状态电压。
差动电路32用来产生与加在第一和第二电极16和18上的激励之间的差成正比的输出。因此,输出24基本上对加在第一和第二电极16和18上的激励的差异更敏感,然后是对这些激励的幅度敏感。如果大量污物或导电材料放在第一和第二电极16及18之上,根据这些污物的性质,触摸传感器10会产生不同响应,导电性越高则污物趋向于产生更低的响应。仅仅需要这些大量的污物同第二电极18的封闭区域一样大。这种配置使得触摸传感器10大大地避免了由于在指定区域的大量污物或导电物质而产生虚假触发,同时允许对第一和第二电极之间的小差异产生响应。
而且,差动电路32使得由于有源元件中温度变化产生的漂移最小,由于晶体管Q1和Q2的偏压将一起变化,这样流过电阻48的电流将基本上不变化。最后,与电源、输入信号、元件漂移电噪声等相关的变化对电极16和18两者是共同的,因而晶体管Q1和Q2将趋向于不影响差动电路32的输出。
除了差动电路32之外,可使用其他方法来处理与第一和第二电极16和18相关联的差动信号。通常用于Norton放大器、MOS型晶体管及电压输入运算放大器中的电流差值技术和镜像技术是这类可用电路的例子。
参照图3所示的另一实施例,电极16、18和22,以及传感导线24被附连到由聚酯材料制成的柔性载体25上,聚酯材料例如固结图(Consolidated Graphics)No.HS-500,型号561,等级2,0.005英寸厚。电极16、18和22,以及传感导线24使用导电银印剂形成,例如Acheson No.427SS,0.5mills厚。然后有源元件Q1和Q2被附连到电极和导线上。绝缘层27放在电极和导线之上,以保护导电表面。最好绝缘层27是Acheson No.ML25089,1.5mills厚。然后柔性载体25用诸如3M No.457的粘合剂29粘连到基底10上,柔性载体25能够弯曲并扭转,以符合基底10的形状。
另外,参照图2所示,电极16、18及22,以及传感导线24能够直接附连到基底10上。然后有源元件被附连到电极16、18及22,以及传感导线24上。
在操作中,当用户接触或接近基底10施加激励时起动触摸垫13。触摸垫13将感应指尖或其他附属物的接触,这些接触会引起电极16和18之间电场电势的足够破坏。
晶体管Q1和Q2的基极电流由方程Ib=C(dV/dT)来确定,其中Ib是基极电流,C是触摸垫场的电容,而dV/dT是电压相对于时间的变化。电压相对于时间的变化由振荡选通信号的电压电平的变化而产生。当用户接触由电极16、18和22形成的触摸垫13时,电容33的场电容减小,而电容器35的场电容增大。由于在优选实施例中后表面14上的电极18相对接近前表面12上的用户接触面,因而电容器38上的场电容也将增大,尽管其增加量没有电容器35的场电容大。
在优选实施例中,晶体管Q2放大并缓冲接近触摸垫13的检测信号。这减小了由不同导线长度和导线回路引起的触摸垫之间信号电平的差异。通过提供更统一的检测信号电平,可得到更大的放大值,同时将信号电平维持在例如0到+5伏之间。
在图7所示的实施例中,取消选通电极22。晶体管Q1和Q2的基极仍分别与第二和第一电极18及16连接。选通信号经电阻50和52直接加到Q1和Q2的基极上。Q1通过电阻50而被加偏压接通且由电极18形成场电容。同样地,Q2通过电阻52而被加偏压接通且由电极16形成场电容。由施加在电极16和18上的瞬时电压产生的场电势差得以形成。该电势差将引起Q1上的偏压和Q2上的偏压,以按比例区分与电极18和16相关的场电势差。与图1的电路相比这一实施例提供了第一和第二电极16和18之间更少的隔离。即使带有较少的隔离,在许多应用中本实施例提供的性能水平也是足够的。从差动电路结构对上述诸如与应用环境相关的效应等公共模式影响不敏感而得到的优点在图7的另一实施例中保留下来。
虽然仅仅说明了本发明的两个实施例,对于本领域的专业人员应当明白,只要不偏离所附权利要求书的精神可进行大量修改。
Claims (25)
1、一种用于在传感导线上产生控制信号的传感器装置,所述装置包括:
至少一个第一电极;
以相间隔的关系至少部分围绕所述第一电极的第二电极;
具有与所述第一和第二电极分别连接的第一和第二输入节点,以及与传感导线相连接的一输出节点的差动电路;
用来提供电信号给所述第一和第二电极的信号源;
其中响应于由所述信号源提供给所述第一和第二电极中至少一个的信号,在所述第一和第二电极之间产生一电场;
其中所述第一和第二电极被配置在包括介电材料的基底的相同或相反的表面上;及
其中所述差动电路测量第一和第二电极间的电位差并在传感导线上产生与加在第一和第二电极上的激励之间的差成正比的输出作为一控制信号。
2、根据权利要求1所述的传感器装置,所述装置还包括:
位置靠近所述第一和第二电极的选通电极。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中由所述信号源供给的电信号为方波脉冲。
4、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中所述差动电路还包括第一和第二有源元件。
5、如权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述第一和第二有源元件是配置成差动放大器的第一和第二晶体管。
6、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,还包括与所述第一和第二电极中的每一个相连接的一有源元件。
7、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,还包括连接在所述第一电极和所述选通电极之间的第一电阻以及连接在所述第二电极和所述选通电极之间的第二电阻。
8、如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述差动电路也安装在所述基底上。
9、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中所述差动电路安装在柔性材料上。
10、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中所述差动电路位于靠近所述第一和第二电极。
11、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中所述第一电极的大小为使其可由人身上的附属物所覆盖。
12、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中所述第二电极的构形基本上与所述第一电极的构形相符。
13、如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述选通电极位于所述第一和第二电极之间。
14、如权利要求7所述的装置,其中所述第一和第二电阻中的每一个都具有一值,使得所述装置与靠近所述第一和第二电极中至少一个的污物的阻抗相比,具有相对低的输入阻抗。
15、如权利要求5所述的装置,其中所述第一和第二晶体管的发射极都经第三电阻与所述信号源连接,以使所述第三电阻提供负反馈。
16、如权利要求7所述的装置,其中所述差动电路还包括第一和第二有源元件,并在来自所述信号源的所述信号中的至少一个的上升沿期间,所述第一和第二电阻将所述第一和第二有源元件分别加偏压到接通状态。
17、如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括分别连接在所述信号源和所述差动电路中的第一和第二输入节点之间的第一电阻和第二电阻。
18、如权利要求17所述的装置,其中所述差动电路还包括第一和第二有源元件,并在来自所述信号源的所述信号中的至少一个的上升沿期间,所述第第一和第二电阻将所述第一和第二有源元件分别加偏压到接通状态。
19、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中响应于缺少对影响所述第一和第二电极中的任何一个的电场的激励,在传感导线上的由所述差动电路产生的控制信号的电压处于最小稳定状态量。
20、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中响应于对影响所述第一电极的电场施加激励以及响应于缺少对影响所述第二电极的电场的激励,在传感导线上的由所述差动电路产生的控制信号的输出电压上升到最大值。
21、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中响应于对主要影响所述第二电极的电场施加激励,在传感导线上的由所述差动电路产生的控制信号的电压低于没有对影响所述第一或第二电极中的任何一个的电场施加激励时的电压。
22、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中响应于对在所述第一和第二电极上具有大致相同效应的电场施加激励,在传感导线上的由所述差动电路产生的控制信号的电压大致与没有对影响所述第一或第二电极中的任何一个的电场施加激励时在传感导线上的由所述差动电路产生的控制信号的电压相同。
23、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中所述差动电路在输出节点处产生与施加到第一和第二输入节点的信号的电势差成正比的输出信号。
24、一种用来检测是否存在要检测的激励的传感器装置,所述装置包括:
至少一个第一电极;
用来提供电信号给所述至少一个第一电极的信号源;
其中响应于由所述信号源提供给所述至少一个第一电极的信号,产生与所述至少一个第一电极相关的电场;
其中靠近所述至少一个第一电极存在的激励影响该电场;
具有与所述至少一个第一电极相连的第一输入节点、与参考电势相连的第二输入节点及一输出节点的差动电路;及
其中所述差动电路在其输出节点处产生与第一和第二输入节点处的电压差成正比的信号,由此输出节点处的信号与靠近所述至少一个第一电极存在的激励相关联。
25、一种用来检测是否存在要检测的激励的传感器装置,所述装置包括:
至少一个第一电极;
位置靠近所述至少一个第一电极的选通电极;
用来提供电信号给所述选通电极的信号源;
其中响应于由所述信号源提供给所述选通电极的信号,产生与所述至少一个第一电极相关的电场;
其中靠近所述至少一个第一电极存在的激励影响该电场;
具有与所述至少一个第一电极相连的第一输入节点、与参考电势相连的第二输入节点及一输出节点的差动电路;及
其中所述差动电路在其输出节点处产生与第一和第二输入节点处的电压差成正比的信号,从而此输出节点处的信号与靠近所述至少一个第一电极存在的激励相关联。
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NZ (1) | NZ331543A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1998026506A1 (zh) |
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US5861875A (en) * | 1992-07-13 | 1999-01-19 | Cirque Corporation | Methods and apparatus for data input |
US5442347A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1995-08-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrater, National Aeronautics & Space Administration | Double-driven shield capacitive type proximity sensor |
GB9404416D0 (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1994-04-20 | Turner Intellect Property Ltd | Device for finding concealed studs |
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-
1997
- 1997-12-08 AT AT97953158T patent/ATE295629T1/de active
- 1997-12-08 DE DE69733250T patent/DE69733250T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-08 JP JP52695498A patent/JP4162717B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-08 EP EP97953158A patent/EP0883931B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-08 WO PCT/US1997/022738 patent/WO1998026506A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-12-08 CA CA002257920A patent/CA2257920C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-08 US US08/986,927 patent/US6310611B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-08 CN CNB971937141A patent/CN1158762C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-08 AU AU56963/98A patent/AU759050B2/en not_active Expired
- 1997-12-08 NZ NZ331543A patent/NZ331543A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-08 ES ES97953158T patent/ES2242241T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-08-26 GB GBGB9818468.2A patent/GB9818468D0/en active Pending
-
1999
- 1999-11-23 HK HK99105410A patent/HK1020302A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0883931B8 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
JP4162717B2 (ja) | 2008-10-08 |
EP0883931A1 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
NZ331543A (en) | 2000-05-26 |
HK1020302A1 (en) | 2000-04-07 |
WO1998026506A1 (en) | 1998-06-18 |
AU759050B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
CA2257920C (en) | 2006-10-17 |
JP2001507882A (ja) | 2001-06-12 |
CA2257920A1 (en) | 1998-06-18 |
ATE295629T1 (de) | 2005-05-15 |
AU5696398A (en) | 1998-07-03 |
ES2242241T3 (es) | 2005-11-01 |
DE69733250T2 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
US6310611B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
CN1217835A (zh) | 1999-05-26 |
DE69733250D1 (de) | 2005-06-16 |
EP0883931B1 (en) | 2005-05-11 |
GB9818468D0 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
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