CN1159306A - 具有凹面弹性衬垫的运动鞋 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种运动鞋,该运动鞋包括鞋面、下部支承部分及一个衬垫。该衬垫装在上述的下部支承部分内并包括有多个可变形体,这些变形体大体上均匀间隔于气密柔性套壳中,其位置至少与使用者脚跟对应,上述弹性变形体具有不同的高度,从而上述衬垫的至少一个相对表面构成一凹座,用来与使用者的脚相接触。
Description
本发明涉及一种至少在鞋后跟区域具有衬垫的运动鞋,衬垫包括一个气密柔性套壳,该套壳内含有多个相互连接的弹性可变形体。
运动鞋在让使用者感到舒服的同时,还需提供一个稳定的支承区域,这样不仅解决了舒适性问题,而且还提供了稳定的支承,同时还可以得到反推力效应,即运动鞋分隔于地面时的推力的部分回复效应,并且对地面的冲击力也得以吸收。为此,提出了下文中所描述的解决方法。
过去的位于运动鞋后跟处的已知衬垫主要起着复合弹簧的作用,因此,在运动鞋冲击地面并且同时产生阻尼效应之后,冲击时由衬垫吸收的能量产生部分回复。尽管所有的已知衬垫在一定的载荷和冲击速度范围内提供了舒适性、稳定性和合理的阻尼及能量回复,但是当参数值超过预定范围后,上述衬垫总是不完全令人满意。例如,配有衬垫的运动鞋可以满足慢速运动的需要,但不满足快速运动的要求,而为快速运动设计的衬垫对于慢速运动来说又太硬。此外,对于相同的运动鞋尺寸,运动者的体重可能在很大范围内变化,因此同一种衬垫可能会太硬或太易变形。
同样的衬垫还有:美国专利号5,369, 896;5,092,060和5,384,977。
本发明的目的是提出一种改进型运动鞋.
本发明的另一目的是提供一种具有更大稳定性和运动鞋穿着时使使用者更舒适的运动鞋。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种运动鞋或鞋类,该运动鞋在运动鞋分隔于地面并吸收地面冲击时,可以得到对于由使用者的脚对地面产生的推力的更加改进的回复。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种能够满足慢速和快速运动要求的运动鞋。
按照权利要求1的特征部分的运动鞋可以实现本发明的上述目的。
按照相应的各个权利要求的方法也可以实现上述目的。
按照本发明,提出了一种配有衬垫的运动鞋,该衬垫具有气密套壳,套壳内含有多个弹性可变形体。套壳具有上表面和底表面,两个表面均与可变形体的上下两端相接触,底表面的粘合非常牢固,因此在使用运动鞋时可以保持固定。至少一部分可变形体朝着自由端逐渐变小并且在其中心区域具有主截面。对于每个可变形体均具有连接臂,该连接臂把相邻可变形体连接起来,从而构成了三个可变形体的联合体三角形(从套壳的顶部或底部看)。
可变形体在从套壳周边至套壳中心范围内具有不同的高度。尤其是,可变形体的形状使得至少一个套壳的上表面是凹的,从而为使用者的脚后跟提供一个支座。而且正是由于可变形体的高度各不相同,因此联合可变形体的顶面和底面可以形成一个凹面区域,从而使衬垫更易装入鞋底内并且使运动鞋使用时的稳定性得到进一步改进。
由于从衬垫的中心区至周边的可变形体的高度不同且逐渐增加,因此衬垫的刚性相应增大,从而有益于运动鞋使用时的稳定性。
按照本发明的另一方面,至少一部分可变形体是这样构成的,即,大体上每个可变形体的所有水平截面沿着鞋的纵轴构成多边形。这些可变形体还配置在套壳中构成多个同轴列,但是这些可变形体也可以配置成多边形列。
由于可变形体的独特形状,因此本发明能让使用者在使用鞋时得到更大的稳定性,同时这种形状也可以使脚在鞋中保持在大体固定的位置上。
本发明还为使用这种鞋的用户提供更好的弹性能量回复,其原因尤其在于可变形体的三角形组合或联接,可变形体对与使用者经过的地面垂直的应力具有良好的响应,或者对平行于地面的应力具有良好的响应(这种运动在用户滑动时产生)。
参照附图,从以下的详细说明中将会更加详细完整地了解本发明和其优点。其中:
图1为表示按照本发明的运动鞋的下部支承部分的部件分解图;
图2为表示按照本发明的运动鞋的顶视图;
图3为表示沿图2中线3-3的剖视图;
图4为表示套壳和可变形体的俯视图;
图5为表示沿图4中线5-5的剖视图;
图6为表示本发明第二实施例中示出的本发明的立体图;
图7为表示沿图6中线7-7的部分剖视图;
图8为表示衬垫的右侧视图,而左侧视图为该侧视图的镜像;以及
图9为表示衬垫的顶视、正视和左视立体图。
参照附图,本发明的运动鞋包括:鞋面A和下部支承部分1,而下部支承部分1包括鞋底2(如由合成橡胶制成),而楔块3(如由热弹性聚氨脂制成)按已知方式固定在鞋底2上。楔块3包括凹槽4该凹槽4由隆起边10围成,带有一个软木制成的安装内底I,其开口为O型,其中还含有一个由纤维制成的另一内底I′(图3中未示出)。鞋底2最好由橡胶制成并且在其底面上含有凹坑7和凹槽部分8。鞋底2还含有一个隆起前边11的侧边12,而侧边沿着鞋底的整个剩余周边延展。
尽管上述仅提出了一种运动鞋,但可以想见,利用本发明的衬垫的任何类型均在权利要求声明的本发明的范围内,并且在术语“运动鞋”或“鞋类”的含义之内。按照本发明,在鞋的下部有一个衬垫13,该衬垫包括由热塑性塑料制成的弹性可变形体14,这些可变形体14被围在由塑性材料(如聚氨脂或类似材料)制成的气密套壳15之中。套壳15最好由透明材料制成。在套壳15内存有空气,其压力小于或等于大气压力,在所示实施例中,衬垫13分别处于楔块3和内底I上的支座16,16A之中,支座如图1所示间隔着。换句话说,支座16A可以省去,并且衬垫13仅位于楔块3的支座16之中,从而支座I被叠合并覆盖支座16。衬垫13的可变形体14是通过对任何满足条件的合成高弹性材料进行模注而的,并且其垂直截面大体上为多边形,即朝着其相对的自由端5和6逐渐减小,并且在中心区域20中具有较大的横截面,在中心区域20中,可变形体由臂部件联接在一起而构成一个整体桥接部分20A。由图3中可见,至少一部分可变形体14是多边形的,其意味着所有沿着垂直或水平轴的垂直截面均为多边形,缘于衬垫13制造上的需要,可变形体14的自由端5,6均连接到套壳15上。这实际上就是衬垫13的优选实施例,其中第一阶段的可变形体14是通过模注得到的,并且这些可变形体14被围在构成套壳15的热焊塑料板之中。当可变形体处于较高温度时,可变形体14由这些板围成并且可变形体的自由端5,6即与这些板产生焊合。套壳15和可变形体14之间的联接有利于把可变形体定位在套壳内,从而可以避免套壳和可变形体在鞋的使用过程中产生移动,同时由于可变形体14的互联,因此使鞋具有良好的多向稳定性和柔性。并且鞋内的衬垫也具有更大的稳定性,预期功能的性能更好,上述功能下面将进一步加以阐述。
正如实例所述的那样,可变形体14的形状可以显著地吸收使用者的脚在运动时所引起的应力,同时使大部分被吸收的能量迅速反馈到脚上。每个可变形体14的形状的图所示,即从其水平截面的方向来看,具有多边形状或其它的圆形形状。
为了保证衬垫13定位于对着内底I的面21上的支座16,16A中,内底I′包含一个与支座16形状相对应的凸块22,该凸块22与支座16和衬垫13相匹配,在上述的另一实施例中,凸块22可以省去。
衬垫13的套壳15包含一个位于套壳侧面中部的凸缘23,当衬垫13定位于鞋的下部时,该凸缘23支撑在台阶24上,台阶24位于内底I和楔块3的内面25之间。在省去孔或支座16的另一实施例中,凸缘23(非常薄)支撑在楔块支座16上。
在鞋底使用的过程中,按照本发明,当使用者的脚每次压挤鞋的下部时,衬垫13被压挤在鞋底上。尤其是,由脚施加的压挤作用使得可变形体14被压下,该可变形体变形并使得由鞋底环壁部分压缩的气密套壳15内的压力增大。当使用者的脚跟停止压挤作用时,可变形体14回复到其初始形状,从而把压挤作用所得到的大部分能量传递到使用者的脚上,因此当使用者的脚跟(或脚的其它部分,如蹠骨)脱离地面时,使用者的脚便受到一个持续的推力作用,这一推力除了由可变形体14施加在使用者脚上之外,而包括由套壳15内空气所施加的推力,该部分空气由于使用者脚的作用而且有一定的压力。这种合成推力有助于把由使用者运动时对地面所传递的部分能量传送到使用者的脚上。
类似上述的弹性衬垫可以位于支承部件1的其它区域,尤其是位于鞋底2和楔块3的前端,以及更特别地,位于图1中虚线所示的蹠骨区3,其中,支座由标号17表示,并且使用了衬垫,这样可以使得使用者(尤其是运动员)在加速或变速过程中获取额外的加速能力。
参照图4和图5,套壳15有一个顶面15′和一个底面15″,两个面均与可变形体的上下面5,6相触接,其间的焊合或连接十分牢固以保证在鞋的使用过程中固定不动。每个可变形体14均朝着相对的自由端5,6逐渐减小,并且在其中心区具有较大的截面。因此这些可变形体在垂直截面上大体上为菱形(如图所示)。固定支臂20A把每个可变形体14与相邻可变形体14相互连接起来。尤其是,当从套壳15的顶部或底部来看,三个相邻的可变形体分别位于三角形的各个顶点上。
可变形体14的高度从套壳的周边到套壳的中心区域逐渐减小,因此衬垫的刚性从衬垫的中心到周边逐渐增加。尤其是,可变形体的形状容许至少套壳顶面15′是凹的,以便为使用者的脚跟提供一个支座。但是,由于高度不同,联合可变形体的顶面和底面(或仅仅是顶面)是凹的,以便衬垫在鞋底内的安装更容易。这样还可以改善使用者在使用支承鞋过程中的稳定性。不过,每个可变形体14最好这样构形,即大体上沿着鞋的纵轴的所有水平面截面均为多边形。在所示的优选实施例中,可变形体14在套壳内以多个同轴列分布。但是这些可变形体也可以构成多个多边形列。
本发明的优点在于:由于可变形体的独特不同的高度和形状,在鞋的使用过程中,使用者的脚具有更大的稳定性。其形状可以使脚能够在鞋中保持大体上固定不动。此外在鞋的使用过程中为使用者的脚提供了更好的弹性能量回馈。由于可变形体1 4的独特的“三角形”连接,因此弹性可变形体对使用者运动时产生的垂直于地面的应力或平行于地面的应力(如沿地面滑动时即可能会产生)具有有效的适应能力。
在图6和图7中表示了本发明的第二实施例,其中采用了上文所述的套壳和可变形体14结构,在与使用者脚跟对应的鞋底中,有一个包含上文所述并由弹性可变形有格形结构的热塑性材料构成的衬垫的腔体,该热塑性材料被围在其薄的柔性塑料材料(如聚氨脂等)制成的气密套壳106中。尤其是,可变形体114与图1-5中所述的可变形体类似。正如同图1-5中一样,可变形有体114与套壳相连。套壳106由两部分焊合在一起构成,并且可利用直空成形法实现。
在把套壳106的各部分连接起来之前,弹性可变形体114须先配置在其中的一个部分上。套壳的另一部分再置于其上并且通过沿着包围可变形体的叠合区域的焊接而连接在一起。导管Z与套壳的内部相连(位置如图6中所示)。该导管是通过把套壳(106)的两个部分叠合而构成的。
在鞋底(103)上配有一个支座和一个通道116。支座配在鞋跟上(如图1-3所示)并含有一个相应形状的衬垫113,而导管Z位于通道116内,通道116把导管引向位于鞋底上的外部分支附件124,导管的末端有一个孔,通过塑料块126的管形附件115把导管Z与该孔固连,塑料块126焊合在附件124的外部并且含有一个腔室117,在腔室117中,装有放气阀119的阀体(118)并且阀体(118)是可滑移的。阀体118为锥台形并且装在具有较小截面的芯杆(120)的端部。芯杆(120)可以轻松穿过孔(121)并有一个端头(123)。位于塑料块126和端头123之间的压缩弹簧可以防止腔室117(即衬垫的内部)与大气相连通,而当端头123被压挤并且从孔121中抽出阀体118时,衬垫的内部便通过芯杆120和孔121(导引芯杆)之间的间隙与大气连通。
塑料块126包含一个空心分支附件134,在该附件中,插有一个弹性材料构成的多向阀125,该多向阀125包含一个密封凸缘126,一个管形部件127和两个平缘128,两个平缘相互偏离,从而当压力作用在弹性材料构成的风箱129上时,使用空气可沿箭头R指向流动,风箱129通过分支空心附件130与附件14密封连接。为此,附件130包含一个内凸缘131,该凸缘装有塑料块126的附件134上的相应的环形槽中。风箱含有一个平壁129,通过该平壁129,风箱与支座的外部分支附件124固定(焊合)在一起。
风箱129包含一个第二管形附件135,该附件135与前一附件相对应。一个吸气阀136装在该附件上,吸气阀包括一个带有槽138的管形部件137,附件135的内凸缘与槽138弹性卡接。管形部件137包含一个狭窄通道139,该通道可由位于该通道与一系列沿径向分布的、用来防止盘140从管形部件137中脱出的间隙齿141之间的一个塑料盘140阻断。排气阀119和泵装置(风箱129,吸气阀136以及输送阀129)均被封闭在一个弹性罩壳中(图中未示出。
当运动鞋的使用者想要加强衬垫113时,可以反复挤压风箱129。在挤压过程中,风箱中的空气通过输送阀125(当然包括吸气阀136)传送到衬垫112上,从而对衬垫加以强化。当使用者释放风箱时,由于其弹性作用,风箱回复到其初始位置,从而经由吸气阀136(输送阀保持关闭)把空气吸入到风箱内部。达到所需刚性时,使用者便停止泵吸作用。如果使用者想要减小刚性,使用者通过挤压排气阀119的端头123把气压从衬垫中排出,从而使衬垫113与大气相连。
由图6可见,运动鞋还可以含有一个第二衬垫200,该衬垫位于鞋底(103)前端的支座201中。类似于导管Z的导管202使衬垫200与导管Z气动连接,因此使用第二衬垫的刚性可以同时加以改变。
显然,按照上述说明可以对本发明进行各种修改和改变。例如,每个衬垫13,13A均可以配有多层弹性可变形体14,这些弹性可变形体14在具有最大截面的中心区域相互连接在一起。因此,在所附权利要求的范围内,本发明可以按与上述说明不同的形式加以实现。
Claims (26)
1.一种运动鞋,它包括:
一个鞋面(A);以及
一个下部支承部分(1),该下部支承部分与上述鞋面(A)相连并且包含一个鞋底(2);一个楔块(3),该楔块配置在上述鞋底(2)上并互相叠合有一个安装内底和一个用来与使用者脚触接的内底(I′);
至少一个衬垫(13),该衬垫装在上述下部支承部分(1)内并包含有多个可变形体(14),这些可变形体(14)大体上均匀间隙分布并被围在气密柔性套壳(15)之中,该套壳(15)位于楔块(3)上的相应支座(16)内,其位置至少与使用者脚跟相对应,其特征在于:上述弹性可变形体(14)具有不同的高度,从而上述衬垫(13)的至少一个相对表面部分(15,15′)构成一个凹座,用来与使用者的脚相接触。
2.按照权利要求1的一种运动鞋,其特征在于,可变形体(14)通过处于一个大体上水平面内的多个臂部件(20A)相互连接。
3.按照权利要求1和2的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:从上述水平面的上面来看,上述臂部件(20A)和可变形体(14)构成三角形组合。
4.按照权利要求1的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:弹性可变形体(14)具有这样的形状,即沿着鞋的纵轴上的水平截面具有多边形形状。
5.按照权利要求1的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:上述弹性可变形体(14)被围在一个气密柔性套壳(15)内。
6.按照权利要求4的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:弹性可变形体(14)的自由端(5,6)固定在柔性套壳(15)上。
7.按照权利要求6的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:可变形体(14)的自由端(5,6)粘接在套壳(15)上。
8.按照权利要求1的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:可变形体(14)的高度朝着衬垫(13)的周边逐渐增大,从而构成凹座。
9.按照权利要求1的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:弹性可变形(14)大体上沿着鞋后跟部分的整个高度垂直延展。
10.按照权利要求1的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:弹性可变形体(14)朝着相对的自由端逐渐减小,并且在其中心区域具有最大截面。
11.按照权利要求2的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:臂部件(20A)位于一个大体上的水平面内并把可变形体(14)的中心部分(20)相互连接起来。
12.按照权利要求1的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:衬垫(13)包含一个凹形底部。
13.按照权利要求1一种运动鞋,其特征在于:至少一个辅助衬垫(13A)位于上述楔块(3)的各个座内,上述辅助衬垫(13A)包含一个气密套壳和多个压力作用下的弹性可变形有体,这些弹性可变形体被围在上述气密套壳内,上述弹性可变形体朝着其相对的自由端逐渐减小并且在中心区域具有最大截面。
14.按照权利要求1或10的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:气密套壳由透明材料制成。
15.按照权利要求1或10的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:每个衬垫均具有至少一层中心区域(20)相连的上述弹性可变形体(14),上述弹性可变形体(14)朝着其相对的自由端逐渐减小并且在其中心区域(20)具有最大截面。
16.按照权利要求1或10的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:每个衬垫(13,13A)均包含一个固定位于其内的弹性可变形体(14)自由端(5,6)的套壳。
17.按照权利要求1的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:配有,
一个泵装置,
一个至少部分装在鞋底(103)上的导管(Z),上述导管(Z)使得泵装置与围着多个弹性可变形体(114)、并至少含有顶部凹面从而可使用者脚的跟部提供一个凹座的套壳(106)相连,上述泵装置使得使用者可以改变上述套壳(106)内的气压,从而改变衬垫(113)的弹性特征,并且上述泵装置包含:一个吸气阀(136),一个通过上述导管(Z)增大上述压力的输送阀(125)以及一个排气装置(119),该排气装置用来通过使空气从上述套壳(106)中流过上述导管(Z)以减小上述压力,上述泵装置含有一个位于鞋外部的风箱(129)并含有第一和第二开口,上述吸气阀(136)位于上述第一开口内而上述输送阀(125)位于上述第二开口内。
18.按照权利要求14的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:上述输送阀(125)含有一个位于上述风箱(129)外部的块状部件(126)和一个与上述风箱(129)相连的腔室(117),上述排气装置(119)沿着上述输送阀(125)的出口侧与上述块部件(126)的上述腔室相连;上述不透气套壳(106)包含至少二个部件,每个部件均含有一个本体附件并且每个部件的附件构成空气流进流出衬垫的导管。
19.按照权利要求14的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:泵和排气装置(119)均位于鞋的外部并与之刚性粘合。
20.按照权利要求14的一种运动鞋包含一个与鞋相连的弹性可变形罩壳,其中,泵和排气装置被遮盖在上述弹性可变形罩壳内。
21.按照权利要求14的一种运动鞋,其特征在于:上述排气装置(119)含有一个推型阀。
22.按照权利要求1的组装运动鞋衬垫的一种方法包括:
构造多个多边形可变形体(14;114)以便通过多个臂部件(20A)互连;
把多个可变形体(14;114)置入套壳(15;106)内并且把可变形体上的自由端部分(5,6)连接到套壳(15;106);以及
把上述套壳放入鞋的后跟部分。
23.按照权利要求22的一种方法,其特征在于:上述可变形体(14;114)在其最大截面处互连。
24.按照权利要求22的一种方法,其特征在于:可变形体(14;114)的构造方法包括改变上述可变形体(14;114)的高度,从而衬垫的顶部(15′)和底部(15″)之一是凹形的。
25.按照权利要求22的一种方法,其特征在于:使可变形体(14;114)通过多个臂部件(20A)互连的可变形体的构造方法包括把可变形体(14;114)构造成从可变形体上面看为多个可变形体的三角形组合。
26.按照权利要求22的一种方法,它包括把套壳连接到接在鞋上的气压源上以及对套壳(106)内的气压加以控制。
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- 1996-10-01 EP EP96115708A patent/EP0768047A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-10-09 AU AU68106/96A patent/AU708735B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-09 NZ NZ299547A patent/NZ299547A/en unknown
- 1996-10-11 IS IS4376A patent/IS4376A/is unknown
- 1996-10-12 SG SG1996010850A patent/SG65623A1/en unknown
- 1996-10-14 SK SK1319-96A patent/SK131996A3/sk unknown
- 1996-10-14 AR ARP960104738A patent/AR003881A1/es unknown
- 1996-10-15 CA CA002187944A patent/CA2187944A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-10-15 ZA ZA968686A patent/ZA968686B/xx unknown
- 1996-10-15 MA MA24371A patent/MA23991A1/fr unknown
- 1996-10-15 UY UY24351A patent/UY24351A1/es unknown
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- 1996-10-15 CN CN96122483A patent/CN1159306A/zh active Pending
- 1996-10-15 NO NO964385A patent/NO964385L/no unknown
- 1996-10-15 CZ CZ963016A patent/CZ301696A3/cs unknown
- 1996-10-15 HU HU9602860A patent/HUP9602860A1/hu unknown
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- 1996-10-16 CO CO96054767A patent/CO5040035A1/es unknown
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- 1996-10-16 KR KR1019960046213A patent/KR970019938A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-10-16 TN TNTNSN96128A patent/TNSN96128A1/fr unknown
- 1996-10-18 TW TW085112746A patent/TW311880B/zh active
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1998
- 1998-05-19 US US09/081,026 patent/US6041521A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105050439A (zh) * | 2013-01-18 | 2015-11-11 | 温德帕克特股份有限公司 | 冲击吸收设备 |
CN105050439B (zh) * | 2013-01-18 | 2020-11-17 | 温德帕克特股份有限公司 | 冲击吸收设备 |
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IL119332A (en) | 1999-09-22 |
TNSN96128A1 (fr) | 1998-12-31 |
AU6810696A (en) | 1997-04-24 |
US5918383A (en) | 1999-07-06 |
NZ299547A (en) | 1997-10-24 |
NO964385D0 (no) | 1996-10-15 |
CA2187944A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
UY24351A1 (es) | 1996-11-01 |
KR970019938A (ko) | 1997-05-28 |
HUP9602860A1 (en) | 1997-05-28 |
US6041521A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
PL316546A1 (en) | 1997-04-28 |
MA23991A1 (fr) | 1997-07-01 |
AR003881A1 (es) | 1998-09-09 |
EP0768047A2 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
BR9605143A (pt) | 1998-07-07 |
SK131996A3 (en) | 1997-09-10 |
ZA968686B (en) | 1997-05-27 |
IL119332A0 (en) | 1996-12-05 |
CZ301696A3 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
HU9602860D0 (en) | 1996-12-30 |
EP0768047A3 (en) | 1998-01-21 |
CO5040035A1 (es) | 2001-05-29 |
HRP960471A2 (en) | 1997-08-31 |
NO964385L (no) | 1997-04-17 |
IS4376A (is) | 1997-04-17 |
TW311880B (zh) | 1997-08-01 |
AU708735B2 (en) | 1999-08-12 |
JPH09224709A (ja) | 1997-09-02 |
SG65623A1 (en) | 1999-06-22 |
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