CN1171100C - 有可变角棱镜的光学薄膜 - Google Patents

有可变角棱镜的光学薄膜 Download PDF

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CN1171100C
CN1171100C CNB008139695A CN00813969A CN1171100C CN 1171100 C CN1171100 C CN 1171100C CN B008139695 A CNB008139695 A CN B008139695A CN 00813969 A CN00813969 A CN 00813969A CN 1171100 C CN1171100 C CN 1171100C
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prism
light
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angle
optical inversion
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CN1378653A (zh
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M·E·加德纳
S·科布
̹��
K·A·爱泼斯坦
W·D·科雷特曼
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/04Prisms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0053Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0031Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0045Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
    • G02B6/0046Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0068Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/007Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp
    • G02B6/0071Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp with elongated shape, e.g. tube

Abstract

一种光学转向薄膜,具有一形成有各棱镜的第一表面和一与所述第一表面相对的第二表面,其中,所述各棱镜形成在位于所述第一表面内的一棱镜阵列中,所述棱镜阵列由多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜所限定,每个第一棱镜具有一第一棱镜结构,以及每个第二棱镜具有一与第一棱镜结构不同的第二棱镜结构;其中入射到所述第一表面的光线沿一优选的观察轴线被所述多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜所折射和反射。

Description

有可变角棱镜的光学薄膜
技术领域
本发明一般涉及透光光学薄膜,更为具体地说,本发明涉及一种有一可变角棱镜阵列的光学薄膜。
技术背景
背投显示设备,比如液晶显示(LCD)装置,通常使用楔型光导向装置将基本线性的光源,如冷阴极荧光灯(CCFL),联接到基本平面的输出。该平面的输出然后联接到LCD。
判断显示设备的性能通常是它的亮度。从主观上来讲,总体亮度的相当小的增加不易被显示设备的最终用户所察觉,但有可能客观地测量这种亮度的相当小的增加。尽管不直接受到最终用户的评判,但是,客观测量的仅很小百分比的总体亮度增加的显示,例如,也许小如1%,使用这种显示的产品设计师已感到十分明显的良好。这是因为,设计师只需配置较小的能量给显示设备,就仍然能达到一可接受的亮度水平。对电池供电的便携式装置,这就转变成较长的供电时间。
增加显示亮度的可供选择的方案包括采用更多或更亮的光源。与能降低对显示设备能量配置的能力相反,附加的光源和/或更亮的光源会消耗更多的能量,对便携式设备来讲,这关联到减少电池的寿命。增加设备的光源还会增加产品的成本,导致设备可靠性的降低。
提高亮度还可通过更有效地利用显示设备内可供的光来实现,即引导显示器内更多的可利用光沿优选的观看轴线。许多原理被应用在显示设备中以改进显示设备的效率。例如,具有棱镜结构的亮度加强膜常常用来引导那些否则沿观察轴线不被看见的光。一典型的平面显示设备可利用不同的薄膜来提供总亮度,高对比度的显示,这种显示沿优选的观察方向有基本均匀的输出。表面漫射体或主体漫射体有时用来遮掩光导向装置输出的缺陷,但是大部分漫射体使光从观察轴线上扩散,因而减小了轴线上的亮度。
光导向装置的改进也对改善显示设备的亮度作出了贡献。典型的光导向装置通过漫射抽取光,并通过几何再循环得以提高。进入光导向装置的光线遇到漫射元件,通常有一种白点图形施加在光导向装置的表面,通过从光导向装置扩散而被漫射地抽取。其它光线在光导向装置内全部内反射,直到遇见一漫射元件。在这些过程中,遭到衰减,因为光是漫射地被抽取,未经任何平行(于轴线)的校正,因而轴线上亮度较低。通过加强,在一准平行性过程中,漫射光线更多地被导向轴线上,结果提高了轴线上亮度。
另一种从光导向装置抽取光的方法是应用受抑全内反射(TIR)。在受抑TIR的一种型式中,光导向装置有一楔形,光导向装置厚边缘上的光线入射是全内反射,直至达到相对于光导向装置顶面和底面而言的临界角。这些次临界角光线然后被抽取,或更紧贴地以相对于输出表面的掠射角从光导向装置折射。为了有益于照亮一显示设备,这些光线然后必须转向基本平行于显示设备的观察轴线或输出轴线。通常利用一转向镜或一转向薄膜来实现这种转向。
一转向镜或转向薄膜通常包括形成于输入表面上的棱镜结构,输入表面布置成邻近光导向装置。光线以一掠射角(通常与输出表面交角小于30°)从光导向装置发出,并与棱镜结构相遇。光线在棱镜结构的第一表面折射,在棱镜结构的第二表面折射,这样光线经转向镜或转向薄膜导向到所要的方向,例如,基本平行于显示器的观察轴线。
起因于受抑TIR的光导在目前所知的显示设备中尚未得到足够补偿的光学效果可被看作是波纹(ripple)。波纹是楔形光输出亮度的周期性波动。波纹的幅值、空间频率和相位主要由楔角、输入口和灯与输入口的联接来确定。出射角和离开楔的出射位置直接映射到输入口的一位置上和一离开输入口的发射角上。因此,从输入口发出的空间分量和角度分量的不均匀性映入楔形输出亮度的对应变化上。结果造成这样一种效应,其中,显示屏具有平行于光源的亮带和暗带的出现。这种效应最明显的是在靠近光导向装置的入口处,但可在整个输出表面上被观察到。
纠正波纹或主要遮掩波纹出现的种种努力包括:添加某种形式的光能或扩散到楔结构以努力提供更多的均匀光的抽取。然而,这些努力被证明未达到让人完全满意的程度。
发明内容
按照本发明,一种有益于减少或消除波纹(亮度的不均匀性)的光学薄膜形成有一形成于输入表面上的转向棱镜阵列。阵列中的棱镜是组群的棱镜,其包括两个或多于两个的棱镜结构的棱镜。
在本发明的第一方面,光学转向薄膜具有一形成有各棱镜的第一表面和一与所述第一表面相对的第二表面,其中,所述各棱镜形成在位于所述第一表面内的一棱镜阵列中,所述棱镜阵列由多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜所限定,每个第一棱镜具有一第一棱镜结构,以及每个第二棱镜具有一与第一棱镜结构不同的第二棱镜结构;其中入射到所述第一表面的光线沿一优选的观察轴线被所述多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜所折射和反射。
在本发明的另一方面,光学转向薄膜是一具有第一表面和第二表面的透光光学薄膜片。在第一表面上形成有多个第一光改向棱镜和多个第二光改向棱镜。多个第一光改向棱镜和多个第二光改向棱镜布置在第一表面上的一棱镜阵列中。第一光改向棱镜有一第一棱镜结构,第二光改向棱镜有一不同于第一棱镜结构的第二棱镜结构。该多个第一光改向棱镜和第二多个光改向棱镜被组织成多个第一棱镜组和多个第二棱镜组。第一棱镜组和第二棱镜组被布置在第一棱镜和第二棱镜的图案中。
在本发明的另一方面,照明装置有一具有一输入表面和一输出表面的光导向装置。入射到输入表面的光线折射进入光导向装置并通过TIR在光导向装置内传播。然后这些光线通过受抑的TIR以相对于输出表面的掠射角离开输出表面。一光源与输入表面相联接以将光线投射在输入表面上,一转向薄膜靠近输出表面设置。转向薄膜有一第一表面和相对于第一表面的第二表面。一棱镜阵列形成于转向薄膜的第一表面,该棱镜阵列有多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜,其中第一棱镜有第一棱镜结构,第二棱镜有不同于第一棱镜结构的第二棱镜机构。该阵列是布置成能使光线从掠射角改向到基本上与照明装置的观察轴线对齐的角度。
附图说明
参照附图,下面详细描述本发明的几个优选实施例,本技术领域的技术人员会理解本发明的诸多优点和特性,在本说明书上,相同的标号代表相同的元件。其中:
图1是按照本发明的优选实施例的一照明装置的示意图;
图2是按照本发明的优选实施例构造的一转向薄膜的示意图;
图3是按照本发明的另一优选实施例构造的一转向薄膜的示意图;
图4是显示光线在一展开的TIR光导向装置中传播的示意图;
图4a是光线离开一光导向装置并通过一转向透镜被转向的示意图;
图5是进一步图示本发明原理的一与图4相似的示意图;
图6是是按照本发明的又一优选实施例构造的转向薄膜的示意图;以及
图7是按照本发明的另一优选实施例构造的照明装置的示意图;
具体实施方式
本发明利用几个优选实施例来进行描述,特别是选用适宜用于背投系统的转向薄膜,背投系统通常用于平面显示设备,例如膝上轻便型电脑显示器或台式屏幕显示器。然而,本发明不只限于一种应用,本技术领域的技术人员会作出评价,本发明实际上可应用于任何的光学系统,例如,应用于投影屏幕设备和平面电视机。因此,在此所述的优选实施例不应看作本发明广泛范围内限定的应用。
参照图1,一照明系统10包括光学上相连的一光源12;一光源反射器14;一光导向装置16,该光导向装置16具有一输出表面18、一背表面20、一输入表面21和一端表面22;一靠近背表面20的反射器24;一有输入表面28和输出表面30的第一光线改向元件26;一第二光线改向元件32;和一反射式偏振镜34。光导向装置16可以是一楔型或其改型。众所周知,光导向装置的目的是保证从光源12发出的光在远大于光源的面积上均匀分布,具体地说,在由输出表面18所形成的大体上整个面积上均匀分布。光导向装置16最好能在一紧凑而薄的封壳内实现上述任务。
光源12可以是一CCFL,其边缘联接于光导向装置16的输入表面21,灯反射器14可以是一反射薄膜,其包住光源12形成一灯室。反射器24背衬光导向装置且成为有效的背反射器,例如,朗伯(lambertian)薄膜或镜薄膜或两者的组合。
边缘联接的光从输入表面21向端表面22传输,并受TIR的限制。光线通过TIR的限制从光导向装置16抽取。约束在光导向装置16内的光束,由于楔角以及每次TIR的反射,增加了光束相对于顶壁和底壁平面的入射角。因此,光线最终折射出每个输出表面18和背表面20,因为光线已不再被TIR所容纳。从背表面20折射出的光线通过反射器24以镜面方式或漫反射方式反射回光导向装置16并大部分通过光导向装置16。第一光改向元件26布置成使从输出表面18发出的光线改向到基本上沿平行于优选的观察方向。该优选的观察方向可以是输出表面18的法线方向,但更为常见的是与输出表面18成某个角度。
如图2所示,第一光改向元件26是一透光光学薄膜,其中,输出表面30基本上是平面的,而输入表面28形成有由棱镜38,40和42组成的阵列36。第二光改向元件32也可是透光薄膜,例如诸如3M亮度加强膜产品(以牌号BEFIII销售)的亮度加强膜,该产品由明尼苏达·圣·保罗的3M公司出品。反射式偏振镜34可以是一无机的、聚合物的、胆甾醇(cholesteric)的液晶反射式偏振镜或薄膜。合适的薄膜是3M漫射反射式偏振镜薄膜产品(以牌号DRF销售)或镜面反射式偏振镜薄膜产品(以牌号DBEF销售),两者均由3M公司出品。
更为具体地参见图2,在阵列36内,每个棱镜38,40和42与其各个相邻的棱镜相比,形成有不相同的边角。这就是说,棱镜38由不同于棱镜40(角C和D)和棱镜42(角E和F)的边角(角A和B)组成。如图所示,棱镜38有一棱镜角,即,该夹角等于角A和B之和。同样的,棱镜40有一棱镜角等于角C和B之和,而棱镜42有一棱镜角等于角E和F之和。尽管阵列36如图所示包括基于不同棱镜角的三个不同棱镜结构,但应该理解,实际上可使用任何数量的不同的棱镜。
棱镜38,40和42也能以共有棱镜角但棱镜取向有变化的方式来形成。在图2中,用“l”表示棱镜38的棱镜轴线。如图所示的棱镜38,棱镜轴线l可设置成垂直于输出表面30,也可设置成与输出表面有交角,对棱镜40,角度偏向光源的图示为假想轴线“l+”,  对棱镜42,角度偏离光源的图示为假想轴线“l-”。
如图2所示棱镜38,40和42在阵列36内以有规律的重复棱镜图案或组群43来进行布置,而阵列36未被图示为相同的棱镜邻接相同的棱镜,这种结构也是可被使用的。而且,在阵列36内,棱镜38,40和42可连续地变化,从例如棱镜结构38的第一棱镜结构,到例如棱镜结构40的第二棱镜结构,依此类推。例如,棱镜结构可以梯度的方式变化,从第一棱镜结构到第二棱镜结构。或者,棱镜以逐级的方式变化,类似于图2所示的结构。在每个组群43中,棱镜有一棱镜间距,其选取为小于空间波纹频率。同样地,各组群之间应有一规则的组群间距。
尽管如图2所示的阵列36有具对称结构的棱镜,但例如如图3所示,在光改向元件26’上形成的阵列36’,也可被采用。然后参照图3,在阵列36’中,例如,棱镜38’的角A’不等于角B’。类似地,对于棱镜40’和42’,角C’不等于角A’和角D’,角E’不等于角A’、角C’或角F’中的任一个。使用一具有预定角度的单一钻石切削刀具,使之在每次切割时倾斜,就可以获得具有不同棱镜角度和对称性的棱镜,从而可便利地形成阵列36’。然而,有一点要理解的是,采用单一切削刀具,棱镜角度将是相同的,即A+B=C+D=E+F。
尽管可以采用多种棱镜的尺寸以实现光导向装置16的输出形状的改型,但也可设想采用少至两个的不同棱镜结构,并布置在阵列36内的各组群里。棱镜边角变化的一个目的是散布和添加光能的变化量到第一光改向元件26中去。棱镜38,40和42的变化的结构可用来提供对光导向装置输入口的基本均匀的取样,其使从光导向装置16中抽取的光中的不均匀性减到最小程度。最终结果是能有效地将波纹效应减小到最低程度,尤其是在靠近光导向装置16的入口端21处。
参见附图4,图中示出了约束在两个非平行镜表面,例如,在楔形光导向装置中的TIR镜表面之间的光路的展开图。其中一个代表一经历多次TIR反射的光线,它作为穿过光导向装置表面的多个图像的一直线。因此,由一系列楔横截面堆积在一起而构造成扇形结构,其中,左边界构成了光导向装置的输入表面和它的反射图像。随着光线从输入表面移开,对着每个镜面平面的约束角增加一与楔角相等的量。顶边界代表一光抽出表面,不论是光导向装置的顶还是光导向装置的底,在那里光线通过TIR的抑制,从光导向装置中出射而进入到空气。以这种方式观察光导向装置,光路是直线的且TIR的反射次数容易计数。亦可寻迹使抽出的光线回到它在输入孔上的起始点。
光线在角度范围大约5°至23°内从楔发出。该下限值是受抑TIR透射的起动值,刚巧在约束角超过TIR的限值之后。较大的角度代表截止强度,这是由于在递增的约束角内多次反射行为耗尽的结果。精确的光抽出范围取决于楔角和光学系数。
在图4a中,光线403和404被抽出,然后通过一具有相同的邻接棱镜401的转向透镜转向一观察者。光线403以相对于该平面大约5°角出射(相对于法线85°),大约是出射光线图纹的下限值,然而被棱镜401转向到光路405,大约与法向交角为-7.5°。光线404以大约23°角出射(相对于法线67°),是出射光线图纹的上限值,然后被棱镜401转向到光路406,大约与法向交角为10°。
如果光线403和405分别从发射表面上的点B和点A发出,则一位于光线405和406的顶角的观察者407能看到点A和点B之间的全范围的发射光线图纹。光线401和402,在光导向装置之内,指回向楔的输入表面。我们看到这些外部光线的起始点被扇形左边界上20个输入孔的宽度所分隔。因此,当观察者407从点A扫描到点B时,他看到楔输入孔的20倍的成像。如果从灯到输入孔之间的光连接无论是空间的还是角度的都是非均匀的,则观察到的非均匀性是波纹型的。
本发明考虑的是邻接的转向透镜中的多棱镜结构以及这种结构在光输出均匀性上的效果。例如,转向薄膜有三棱镜结构的组群,每个棱镜角为68.88°,但可相对于转向透镜的法线具有不同的棱镜轴线取向,角度为-1.5°,0°和1.5°。从观察者引出的三条光线,每条进入一组群中的一个棱镜,这三条光线将通过展开的光路图寻迹回到输入表面的不同位置处。参照图5,在楔的输出表面上示明了三个位置“A”,“B”和“C”。在每个位置上,3条光线的光线锥从输出表面引伸到输入表面光瞳的扇形内。如图5所看到的,即使从最靠近灯一端的位置“A”出发,光线锥也能覆盖整个光瞳的宽度。因此,提供了密堆积的光瞳的取样,其造成局部显示亮度的柔和性。棱镜结构的光学设计取决于楔几何形状的细节和光学指数。
至此讨论的棱镜组群43都有基本相似的结构。也就是说,同样数目的棱镜具有同样的棱镜结构的分布。这并不是一种要求,组群43可在结构上变化。这种布置可减小这种可能性,即,尽管输入角度的差别很小,但在某个位置,对某个角度,小孔取样会发生在几乎同一个小孔位置。这会导致与波纹相似的局部干扰型式的图纹。
棱镜角范围是从30°-120°,但可以是40°-75°,还可以是60°-75°。在组群中的棱镜间的角度差可大约为1°-10°,还可进一步大约为1°-5°。棱镜的间距,即棱镜距,如上所讨论的应小于波纹空间频率,不管怎样可以从1μm-1000μm,还可从20μm-100μm,进一步可为30μm-50μm。棱镜距为50μm的阵列36的阵列距也可近似为150μm。由于折射面的效应和在反射面的TIR,棱镜结构也受光学透射薄膜的折射率的影响。典型的薄膜材料的折射率范围是1.35-1.75。例如对折射率为1.586的聚碳酸酯材料,以及标称的光发出(掠射)角为13°的光导向装置而言,可采用标称夹角为68.9°的棱镜结构。
现参照图6,按本发明的另一实施例而形成的转向薄膜44,包括在一输入表面46上的棱镜阵列45。该棱镜阵列45具有至少有第一结构和第二结构的棱镜47,上述两种结构旨在减小波纹效应。而且,棱镜47形成有一弧形的反射面48。棱镜角确定为反射面48的切线和折射面49之间的夹角。如上所述,相对于阵列36而言,为减小波纹效应,棱镜被成组群地布置在阵列44内。在各组群中,棱镜角可以变化和/或棱镜的取向(即棱镜轴线与法线的夹角)可以变化。应该给予理解的是:形成的两种表面应是弧形面结构。
包括一棱镜阵列的薄膜(例如阵列36,36’或44)可通过挤压或浇注和固化工艺形成。通过钻石将阵列结构加工成圆柱形坯料或辊子,以首先形成母模。在该表面形成阵列结构的一种技术是众所周知的螺纹切削。第一螺纹切削出滚轴的长度,第一螺纹相应于第一棱镜结构。从邻近于第一螺纹的位置出发,切削第二螺纹。切削第二螺纹时,使用不同的切削刀具或者为产生第二棱镜结构调整切削刀具。反复这种过程,改变切削刀具和/或采用多种刀具,直到所有理想的棱镜结构形成为止。
或者,使用一种可调整的切削刀具,该刀具在切削螺纹的过程中可加以调整。切削出单个螺纹,在切削过程中刀具连续地旋转,从而连续地改变棱镜结构,这样就在具有不同棱镜结构的阵列中形成了诸棱镜。
还有另一种加工方法是横向进给地切削棱镜结构。横向进给切削法可使用多种切削刀具来实现,一种对应于一种棱镜结构。一种可调整的切削刀具可被采用,对为切削每种棱镜结构,不断调整刀具。
另一种加工成形的可能性包括使用一种快速刀具伺服(FTS)致动器。一种FTS致动器的图示和描述,可参见共同转让的美国专利申请号No.( )中,题为“光学薄膜”(代理人档案号No.53772USA6A)以及美国专利申请号No.( )题为“表面缺陷减少的光学薄膜及其制作方法”  (代理人档案号No.7780374US01),为参考起见,这里特地引入了上述的公开技术。
如前面提及的美国专利应用所述,FTS可有利地将抗湿和/或其它性质融入到阵列36中。潮湿(wet-out)是当显示装置内两个相邻的光学表面互相接触时出现的光学缺陷。为了防止潮湿,如前面提及的美国专利应用所述,可在两个相邻表面中的一个或两个表面上形成随机分布的峰和谷,即局部最大和最小,以最低程度减少相邻表面之间的接触面积和规律性。这样,第一光改向元件26的输入表面可以形成如包括抗潮湿结构,输出表面也同样如此。
现参照图7所示的照明装置50,一光导向装置52组成照明装置50的一部分,其包括一第一进入表面54、一第二进入表面56、一输出表面58和一背表面60。第一光源62包括一第一光源反射器64并与第一进入表面54相连接。第二光源66包括一第二光源反射器68并与第二进入表面相连接。第一光改向元件70设置在邻近输出表面58处。第一光改向元件70包括一输入表面72和一输出表面74。该照明装置50还包括一与背表面60邻接的反射器76、一第二光改向元件78和一反射式偏振镜80。光导向装置52可以是楔型或其改型。众所周知,光导向装置50的目的是从两个光源62和66向远比光源本身面积大许多的面积有效地传播光线,更具体地来说,基本上是输出表面58形成的整个面积。
第一光改向元件70较佳地是一透光薄膜,其输入表面72以与上述第一光改向元件26的阵列36相似的方式形成有棱镜阵列。由于照明装置50有一设置在两端的光源,因而形成棱镜阵列的结构可以是对称的也可以是非对称的并具有不同的棱镜角。这可保证从进入表面54和56进入光导向装置52的光线沿着所需的观察轴线转向。该棱镜阵列起到将从光导向装置52中出来的光沿一优选的观察方向改向的作用,还起到减少波纹感觉的作用。
从两边照亮光导向装置的结果是,光线从两个相对的进入表面54和56进入,可在光导向装置52的中心部分82产生一种光的缺陷。在光改向结构70的输入表面72上形成的棱镜阵列可以在相应的中心部分84变化,以与阵列减少感觉波纹同样的方式来减少这种可感觉的光缺陷。
鉴于上述的描述,本发明的修改和变更的实施例,对本技术领域内的技术人员是很显然明白的。本描述仅为了说明而已,其目的是教会本技术领域内的技术人员以最佳的方式来实现本发明。在基本不脱离本发明的精神的前提下,结构和方法的细节可以变化,并保留在所附权利要求的范围内所有修改的专有应用权。

Claims (20)

1.一种光学转向薄膜,所述光学转向薄膜具有一形成有各棱镜的第一表面和一与所述第一表面相对的第二表面,其特征在于,
所述各棱镜形成在位于所述第一表面内的一棱镜阵列中,所述棱镜阵列由多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜所限定,每个第一棱镜具有一第一棱镜结构,以及每个第二棱镜具有一与第一棱镜结构不同的第二棱镜结构;其中入射到所述第一表面的光线沿一优选的观察轴线被所述多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜所折射和反射。
2.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜布置在阵列内的各组群中。
3.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,多个第一棱镜包括至少一组具有第一棱镜结构的第一棱镜,多个第二棱镜包括至少一组具有第二棱镜结构的第二棱镜,其形成在邻近至少一组第一棱镜的第一表面上。
4.如权利要求3所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,多个第一棱镜包括至少另一组具有第一棱镜结构的第一棱镜,其形成在邻近至少一组第二棱镜的第一表面上。
5.如权利要求2所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,多个第一棱镜插入在多个第二棱镜中。
6.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,第一棱镜具有一第一不对称结构以及第二棱镜具有一与第一不对称结构不同的第二不对称结构。
7.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,第一棱镜具有一第一棱镜角以及第二棱镜具有一与第一棱镜角不同的第二棱镜角。
8.如权利要求7所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,第一棱镜角和第二棱镜角均在30°-120°的范围内。
9.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜被棱镜距所隔开,其中棱镜距的范围在1μm-1000μm。
10.如权利要求9所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜以组群的形式布置,其中组群间有组群间距。
11.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,阵列包括多个第一棱镜中的一个和多个第二棱镜中的一个之间的过渡部分,这种过渡部分包括从第一棱镜结构向第二棱镜结构的连续的再配置结构。
12.如权利要求11所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜以组群的形式布置,其中每个组群包括至少一个所述的过渡部分。
13.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,第一棱镜结构和第二棱镜结构中的至少一个包括一弧形面。
14.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,每个第一棱镜结构和第二棱镜结构包括随机分布的峰和谷。
15.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,多个第一棱镜和多个第二棱镜分别有棱镜峰,其中棱镜峰与薄膜片的纵向轴线对齐。
16.如权利要求1所述的光学转向薄膜,其特征在于,第一棱镜具有一第一不对称结构以及与第一不对称结构不同的第二棱镜结构。
17.一种照明装置,具有一光导向装置,该光导向装置具有一输入表面和一输出表面,其中投射在输入表面上的光线,通过受抑的全内反射以相对于输出表面的一掠射角在输出表面抽出;一联接于所述输入表面以将光线投射到输入表面上的光源;以及一转向薄膜,该转向薄膜具有如前述任一项权利要求所述的结构。
18.如权利要求17所述的照明装置,其特征在于,转向薄膜的第二表面与显示装置光学地相连接。
19.如权利要求18所述的照明装置,其特征在于,进一步包括一设置在转向薄膜和显示装置之间的光改向结构。
20.如权利要求17所述的照明装置,其特征在于,第一棱镜和第二棱镜与转向薄膜的纵轴线对齐。
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WO2001027663A1 (en) 2001-04-19
KR100867160B1 (ko) 2008-11-06
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US20030112521A1 (en) 2003-06-19
US6707611B2 (en) 2004-03-16
AU7349300A (en) 2001-04-23
US6560026B2 (en) 2003-05-06
US6356391B1 (en) 2002-03-12
CN1378653A (zh) 2002-11-06
JP2003511735A (ja) 2003-03-25
US20020057497A1 (en) 2002-05-16

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