CN1178664A - 具有可变特性的以优化支撑的移植片固定模及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有可变特性的以优化支撑的移植片固定模及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1178664A
CN1178664A CN97118682A CN97118682A CN1178664A CN 1178664 A CN1178664 A CN 1178664A CN 97118682 A CN97118682 A CN 97118682A CN 97118682 A CN97118682 A CN 97118682A CN 1178664 A CN1178664 A CN 1178664A
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J·里查特尔
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Abstract

本发明提供一种特别适于植入动脉弯道或在腔道口区域使用的血管内移植片固定模,这包括制成比其剩余的轴向长度部位具有更大的径向强度的端部区域。这样的移植片固定模特别适于在腔道口区域使用,因为该区域要求在移植片固定模端部附近提供更大的支撑。移植片固定模还可以将端部的邻近区域制成比其剩余的轴向位置区域具有更大的弯曲柔性,这样的移植片固定模特别适用于弯曲的动脉。移植片固定模还可以构成使其端部具有更大的径向强度,同时使端部邻近区域具有更大的弯曲柔性,这样的移植片固定模能预防在插入过程中发生端部张开现象出现。

Description

具有可变特性的以优化支撑的移植片固定模及其制造方法
本发明总的涉及一种用于植入活体内的移植片固定模，特殊地，本发明涉及特别适合于植入各种具有可变特性的腔体内的腔内移植片固定模，这种具有可变特性的腔体，诸如变曲率、有侧支、变直径、变腔壁顺应性或者每个腔体的“端部效应”，如已发现的，例如在腔体口，或者在其两端参数可变化的移植片固定膜。
利用移植片固定模扩张人体的不同管道并对它们赋予支撑(例如血管)是公知的，该装置是通过在血管内侧扩张类似管状的结构，以便对塌陷和闭合的血管提供支撑。美国专利No.5449373公开了一种优选的作为气囊血管成形术的一部分用于血管植入的移植片固定模。这种移植片固定模通过弯曲的管道输送或是植入到弯曲的管道中。传统的移植片固定模的一个不足之处是它们存在由于“端部效应”所引起的缺陷，即在移植片固定模插入过程中或扩张以后其端部有张开的倾向，或者在端部存在径向力下降。传统的移植片固定模还有一个缺点是其在各个部位上的特性(例如柔性、刚性)是均一的，不能适应因腔道的局部位置上的不同于别处的特征而要求移植片固定模有相应的不同特性。
本发明提供了多个内腔移植片固定模的实施例，它包含沿移植片固定模轴向长度变化的或不同的机械性质，以便改善移植片固定模的端部效应或适应腔道性能多变的情况，因此，本发明的这些实施例可以供可变化的特征之用，例如，移植片固定模的柔性，或者轴向区域间的径间支撑。这些变化的特性可以通过许多不同方法来做到上述这一点，包括可相对于其它段增减一段或多段中的结构单元的厚度或宽度，和/或增减一段或多段的轴向长度，和/或改变栅格的形状和尺寸，和/或改变一段相对于另一段的材料的材料性能(例如，强度、弹性等)。
本发明的移植片固定模的多个实施例在其端部适合于提供更高的柔性，以便使移能适应把它插入弯曲的管道，赋予超柔性的移植片固定模的柔性程度和离其端部的距离应根据具体使用要求而定。如果移植片固定模在纵轴方向上的柔性不够高，在端部处的这种柔性由于移植片固定模压在弯曲的壁的外侧而降低在管道上产生潜在的创伤点的机率。在本发明的一个实施例中，移植片固定模端部柔性，通过降低在移植片固定模端部的一段或多段所使用的材料规格来提高。在另一个实施例中通过改变在移植片固定模端部处的一段或几段的尺寸来提高其柔性。而在又一个实施例中，移植片固定模端部的柔性是通过改变在移植片固定模端部处的一段或几段的尺寸和其所使用的材料规格号两者来提高。
本发明的移植片固定模的多个实施例还适合保证以加在端部的径向强度，径向强度是移植片固定模中的一段由扩张状态到径向收缩状态的阻力。提高移植片固定模在端部的径向强度对于支撑腔道口是特别有利的，因为腔道口的病变更易于钙化或硬化，所以需要更强的支撑，因而移植片固定模支撑腔道口的段必须相对地更强些。还有一种情况是均一特性的移植片固定模在其端部附近由于端部效应降低径向力，由此最末栅格的一侧没有支撑。在本发明的一个实施例中，在端部支撑处的移植片固定模的强度，例如，腔道口，可以通过减少移植片固定模端部附近处的数段的长度提高。
本发明的移植片固定模的多个实施例还降低了在其端部在向腔道内送进过程中发生“张口”现象的概率。当导管进给系统插入一个弯曲的腔道内，进给系统包括沿腔道弯曲的卷束在其上的移植片固定模将沿腔道的曲率弯曲。弯曲的移植片固定模可能引起它的引导棱边向外张开，这种开口可能使移植片固定模卡在腔道内表面上使腔道受伤，从而阻止继续插入至目标区域和准确定位，它可能使血小板(plaque)折裂，进而使血管栓塞和阻塞。在本发明的一个实施例中，张口可以通过使移动片固定模端部的段由减少它的长度而加强，和通过使毗邻移动片固定模端部的段由减少它的宽度而更具柔性，由此，降低了这些段的弯曲强度。弯曲强度是移植片固定模的一段对轴向弯曲的力。结果是，移植片固定模的端部能紧紧地贴在气囊上，而弯矩则由更柔软的几段的变形所吸收。在扩张时，由于弯曲强度的降低，使得其端部更容易弯曲，从而能更好地与腔道的曲率相适配，减少了移植片固定模的尖端作用在待处理腔道内壁上的压力。
本发明的一个目的在提供一种移植片固定模，该固定模在弯曲的部分腔道内扩张时在其端部不会形成向腔道壁施加集中压力的尖点或突出物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种移植片固定模，该固定模远端上的径向力比由移植片固定模的近端到远端部分的径向力更大。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种可扩张的移植片固定模，该固定模包括：多个互连的柔性栅格，所述栅格构成一个具有一近端、一远端和一条纵向轴线的移植片固定模。这些栅格排成许多沿着所述的纵轴配置的互连的柔性列，以及位于所述远端的为远列，位于所述近端的为近列，其中位于移植片固定模的远列的栅格比位于移植片固定模的远列和近端之间的其它各列上的栅格适合于经受更大的径向力和更大的柔性。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种可扩张的移植片固定模，该固定模包括：多个互连的柔性栅格，所述栅格构成一个具有一近端、一远端和一条纵向轴线的移植片固定模，这些栅格排成许多沿着所述的纵轴配置的互连的柔性列，位于所述远端的为远列，位于所述近端的为近列，其中位于所述远列和所述近列的栅格比处于所述远列和所述近列之间的其它各列上的栅格适合于经受更大的径向力和更大的柔性。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种可扩张的移植片固定模，该固定模包括：a)、多个互连的柔性栅格，该栅格构成一个具有一近端、一远端和一条纵向轴线的移植片固定模。这些栅格排成许多沿着所述纵轴分布的互连的柔性列，位于所述远端的为远列，位于所述近端的为近列。每个柔性栅格含有一个第一杆件，一个第二杆件，一个第三杆件和一个第四杆件；b)、在第一杆件和第三杆件之间设有一个第一C形弧段；c)、在第二和第四杆件之间设有一个第二C形弧段；d)、在第一杆件和第二杆件之间设有一个第一柔性连接段；e)、在第三干件和第四杆件之间设有一个第二柔性连接段，其中远列栅格的第一杆件和第三杆件的长度比其第二杆件和第四杆件更短，并且远列上所设置的第一、第二柔性连接段比其它各列栅格上的柔性连接段更具柔性。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种可扩张的移植片固定模，该固定模包括：a)、多个互连的柔性栅格，所述栅格构成一个具有一近端、一远端和一条纵向轴线的纵向移植片固定模，这些栅格排成许多沿着所述纵轴配置的互连的柔性列，位于所述远端的为远列，位于所述近端的为近列。每个柔性栅格含有一个第一杆件，一个第二杆件，一个第三杆件和一个第四杆件；b)、在第一杆件和第三杆件之间设有一个第一C形弧段；c)、在第二和第四杆件之间设有一个第二C形弧段；d)、在第一杆件和第二杆件之间设有一个第一柔性连接段；e)、在第三杆件和第四杆件之间设有一个第二柔性连接段，其中远列栅格的第一杆件和第三杆件的长度比其第二杆件和第四杆件短，并且远列上和紧接着远列的那一列上所设置的第一、第二柔性连接段比其它各列栅格上的柔性连接段更具柔性。
本发明的一个更进一步的目的在于提供一种可扩张的移植片固定模，该固定模包括：a)、多个互连的柔性栅格，所述栅格构成一个具有一近端、一远端和一条纵向轴线的移植片固定模，这些栅格排成许多沿着所述纵轴配置的柔性列，位于所述远端的为远列，位于所述近端的为近列。每个柔性栅格含有一个第一杆件，一个第二杆件，一个第三杆件和一个第四杆件；b)、在第一杆件和第三杆件之间设有一个第一C形弧段；c)、在第二和第四杆件之间设有一个第二C形弧段；d)、在第一杆件和第二杆件之间设有一个第一柔性连接段；e)、在第三杆件和第四杆件之间设有一个第二柔性连接段，其中远列栅格的第一杆件和第三杆件的长度比其第二杆件和第四杆件短，而且其中近列栅格的第二和第四杆件的长度比其第一和第三杆件短，而远列上和紧接着远列的那一列、近列和紧接着近列的那一列等四列上所设置的第一、第二柔性连接段比其它各列栅格上的柔性连接段更具柔性。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一可扩张的移植片固定模，该固定模包括：多个构成具有一个近端和一个远端的移植片固定模的柔性栅格，该固定模具有用于使其远端上的径向力比邻近部分的径向力更大的装置。
本发明的另一个目的为提供一可膨胀的移植片固定模，该固定模包括：多个构成具有一个近端和一个远端的移植片固定模的柔性栅格，该固定模具有用于使其近端和远端上的径向力比处于近端和远端之间各部分的径向力更大的装置。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一可扩张的移植片固定模，该固定模用于处理沿部分腔道具有独特特征的腔道，该固定模包括：多个互连的柔性栅格，所述栅格构成多个互连的柔性列，所述的列构成一个具有一近端、一远端和一条纵向轴线的移植片固定模，其中至少有一列作为改变，以便使与所改变的一列或多列相接触的部份腔道的独特特性相适应。
本发明还有一个目的在于提供一种具有单一本体或称单件结构的柔性移植片固定模，该固定模沿其的整个长度都可以用来向待处理腔道或管道提供支撑，其中，该移植片固定模在一部分区域上作了改动或稍作修改，以便具有的特性，如弯曲强度、径向强度，是沿着其轴向或围绕其圆周方向不同于处于静止状态的移植片固模的特性或特征。移植片固定模性能的改变将或者适应于在被处理过的腔道中的非均一性，或者可以在不同腔道中的不同区域内产生不同的环境条件。在处理过的腔道中的非均一性可以有多种形式，诸如孔口、直径变化，曲率变化，截面形状不连续，如三角形、四方形和表面状态的非均一性等。针对诸多的非均一性情况，移植片固定模的一部分可根据具体应用要求进行改变，以提供不同的尺寸、柔性、刚性、栅格尺寸、栅格形状以及对压力的响应。在移植片固定模的具体使用中可能会要求在一个端部有较高的径向力，同时在装置的其它部分上对腔道壁提供一个基本上连续的支撑，而装置中的各种间隙的尺度要足够小，以减少组织脱垂的可能性。具体使用要求也可能是对中央部分要求一定的硬度以减少破损的可能性，而在端部赋予一定的柔度以使其能与目标区域的解剖学构造最佳适配。具体使用中还可能要求移植片固定模中一列或数列栅格的尺寸大于其余列的栅格，以绐腔道的侧支提供入口，例如通过其中一个较大尺寸的栅格导入第二个移植片固定模，以便在腔道内构筑一分叉的移植片固定模。另有一种使用场合可能要求改变或修改移植片固定模中的一列或几列栅格，以便在移植片固定模扩张时，部份的通过改变或修改的一列或多列所构成的移植片固定模具有的直径大于或小于其它部位，以适应非均一直径腔道的情况。也可能要求对其中的一列或几列的栅格进行改变或修改，以得到不同的径向力或不同的纵向柔性，或要求对移植片固定模的端部进列修正，以改变其性能。
图1为本发明的移植片固定模的一个实施例在未扩张状态下的基本图形；
图2为图1所示的移植片固定模在部分扩张状态下的图形；
图3为两个移植片固定模的侧视图，一个是已有技术的移植片固定模，另一个是按本发明的一个实施例制作的移植片固定模；
图4为图3所示两个移植片固定模卷束在气囊导管上，且是在未扩张状态下弯曲的情况；
图5为图4所示两个弯曲的移植片固定模扩张后的情况；
图6为图3所示两个移植片固定模在基本上为直的气囊导管上部分扩张后的情况；
图7为本发明的另一个实施例，它具有一列减短的C形弧段，且其中有两列栅格具有薄规格号的U形弧段；
图8为图7所示的移植片固定模在基本上为直的气囊导管上部分扩张后的情况；
图9为图7所示的移植片固定模在一弯曲导管上扩张后膨胀，此时该固定模拐一个弯插入腔道中；
图10为按本发明构成的移植片固定模的另一个实施例；
图11为按本发明构成的S形或Z形弧段。
图1所示为按本发明制造的移植片固定模1的一个实施例的示意图。移植片固定模1应用生物相容材料，诸如不锈钢316L、金、钽、镍钛诺合金或本专业熟知的其它适用于该目的的材料制造。应根据具体的使用要求来选择不同的材料尺寸和规格号。本发明的移植片固定模一般应按1995年6月1日申请的美国专利申请No.08/457354所述的方法来设计。这里引用该专利公开的资料作为参考。
图1为本发明移植片固定模1的远端2的侧视图，该图示出了移植片固定模总的图形。如图1和2所示，图形由多个栅格3和3′构成，每个栅格3具有一个第一杆件4，一个第二杆件5，一个第三杆件6和一个第四杆件7。在第一杆件4和第三杆件6之间设有一个第一C形弧段10，在第二杆件5和第四杆件7之间设有一个第二C形弧段11。在每个栅格3中，第一杆件4、第二杆件5、第三杆件6和第四杆件7基本上是等长度的。第一C形弧段10离栅格3中心的距离为D1，第二C形弧段11离栅格3中心的距离为D2。在一优选实施例中，D1基本上等于D2。在第一杆件4和第二杆件5之间设有一第一柔性连接段8，在第三杆件6和第四杆件7之间设有一第二柔性连接段9，柔性连接段8和9可以制成不同的形状，例如，如图11所示的S形或Z形。在一个优选的实施例中，可以使用如图1至图10的U形。
图1所示为移植片固定模1的未扩张状态，亦即在该状态，首先将移植片固定模1插入一个特定的管道，由此完成气囊血管成形术，而且是在气囊充气之前。图2为移植片固定模1处于的部分扩张状态，亦即气囊充气后的状态和移植片固定模1留在所支撑的腔道内时的状态。多个互连的栅格3和3′构成许多沿着移植片固定模的纵向轴线配置的互连的列25、26、27和28。图1和2所示为一个处于远端2处的远列25，一个邻接并紧接着远列25的邻接列26，一个紧接着列26的列27和一个紧接着列27的列28。应该明白，列的数量、每列的栅格数量和每个栅格的形状应根据具体使用要求而变化。
如图1和2所示，远列25上的栅格3′与列26、27、28上的栅格3有所不同。列25上的栅格3′的第一杆件4′和第三杆件6′比列26、27、28上的栅格3的第一杆件4和第三杆件6短。在栅格3′中的第一杆件4′与第三杆件6′的长度基本相等，但第一杆件4′和第三杆件6′的长度却短于第二杆件5′和第四杆件7′。较短的杆件4’和6’形成第一C形弧段10’，该弧段距栅格3′中心的距离没有第二C形弧段11′那么远，因此第一C形弧段10′的长度也短于第二C形弧段11′。如图2所示，第一C形弧段10′配置在离栅格3′中心距离D1′上，D1′小于第二C形弧段11′离栅格3′的中心距D2′。在一个特别优选的实施例中，D1′比D2′小15％。
在图1和2中还可看到，移植片固定模1的远列25上具有第一U形弧段8′和第二U形弧段9′，它们比26、27和28列的栅格3上的第一U形弧段8和第二U形弧段9更柔软。有很多不同的方法可使U形弧段8′和9′具有更大的柔性，例如，可以采用不同的材料，可以对材料进行处理，比如采用不锈钢材料通过退火使移植片固定模的不同部位得到所需要的硬度。又如对采用Ni-Ti(镍钛诺合金)材料制造的移植片固定模的特定部位进行特定的机械热处理，使U形弧段等部位仍保留其马氏体相组织，而其它部位则转变成奥氏体相组织，从而得到不同的性能。还可以通过改变U形弧段的形状，比如改成Z形或S形(图11)，或用减少制造U形弧段8′、9′的材料用量的方法不得到更大的柔性。在图1和2所示的实施例中，远列25的U形弧段8′和9′的材料厚度与列26、27和28上的栅格3的U形弧段8、9相同，但宽度不同。如图1和2所示，U形弧段8′和9′的宽度W1小于列26、27和28上的栅格3的U形弧段8和9的宽度W2。在一个优选实施例中，W1大约比W2小50％。在一个特别优选的实施例中，W1大约比W2小40％。
图3并列了两个移植片固定模的片段以作对比。一个是已有技术的移植片固定模12，另一个是已示于图1和2中的移植片固定模1。图4为图3所示的两个移植片固定模1和12卷束在气囊上的弯曲状态，就如其插入腔内的一个弯道时的情况。如图4所示，已有技术的移植片固定模12在其前引导缘13处张开了口，而移植片固定模1却没有张口。图5为图4所示两个移植片固定模在一个弯道内已扩张后的情况。在已有技术的移植片固定模的末端形成了可造成局部压力和可能损伤腔壁的突出物或尖点13，而按照本发明设计的移植片固定模1的端部2却由于其远列上的U形弧段的变形而平缓地转弯，并没有形成突出物或尖点。
图6所示为图3中的移植片固定模1和12在一基本上为直的导管上部分扩张(未达到最大压力之前)时的情况。如图所示，虽然两个移植片固定模1和12受到相同的外力的作用，移植片固定模1的端部2比已有技术的移植片固定模12的端部13扩张得少，这证明按本发明设计的移植片固定模1的端部2具有更大的径向力。在达到全压力后，移植片固定模1和12的半径将是相等的，然而移植片固定模1的端部2的径向抗塌陷力将大于常规移植片固定模12的端部13。
图7所示为本发明的另一个实施例。图中远列25中的栅格3′的第一杆件4′和第三杆件6′比第二杆件5′和第四杆件7′短。列25中的栅格3′的第一U形弧段8′和第二U形弧段9′，它们比列27和28中的栅格3的U形弧段8和9薄，而列26中的栅格3″的第一U形弧段8″和第二U形弧段9″，它们比列27和28中的栅格3的U形弧段8和9窄。
图8为图7所示的移植片固定模20部分扩张时的情况。说明在部分扩张状态下降低了列25的扩张，这是由于列25中C形弧段10′设计得较短，列25中的U形弧段8′、9′以及列26中的U形弧段8″、9″设计得较窄，因而更具柔性，结果使得移植片固定模的端部2具有更高的径向力。
图9为图7和8所示的移植片固定模20在弯曲的腔内扩张后的情况，并示出列25的U形弧段8′、9′和列26的U形弧段8″、9″的弯曲情况。这就使移植片固定模20的端部2更容易与腔道的曲线相一致，从而形成一个没有尖点、没有压腔壁的突出物的光滑的端部。
可以根据具体使用要求而将移植片固定模的只在一侧或两侧上都作改动。另外还可以将本发明多个实施方案组合，如使U形弧段减薄、使U形弧段加长或采用不同形状的U形弧段，如Z形或S形。
图10所示是如何实现这种实施方案组合的一个例子。图10示出了如何修改图7所示的移植片固定模，如果需要增加柔性。在图10中，移植片固定模30的远列25和近列29所具有的第一和第二U形弧段比处于列25和29之间的其它各列的U形弧段更具柔性。在图10所示的本发明的实施例中，远列25具有更短的杆件4′、6′和上述更易挠曲的U形弧段8′和9′，并且其近列29具有更短的第二杆件5′、7′和上述更易挠曲的U形弧段8″和9″。这种安排使移植片固定模的两端均具有更大的径向强度和更大的柔性。
如果要求移植片固定模的两端具有还要大的柔性，则可将图10中的移植片固定模的列26和28的U形弧段也改成更易挠曲的弧形段，因此远列和紧接远列的那一列、近列和紧接近列的那一列所具有的U形弧段较移植片固定模的其余各列中栅格的U形弧段更具柔性。
可以预见，对于上述优选实施例还会有不同的改型和不同性质的变化，诸如(但不限于)栅格尺寸、栅格形状、射频不透明度等，以获得其它形式的性能非均一性。这些特定的改变只作为一个用于应用一般概念的一个例子给出的，这个概念是本发明的基础，通过改变在沿着斯坦物支撑装置各段之间机械性质可以校正在一些特殊的点，例如装置的两端不希望的效应，并且通过改变沿装置轴向的性质使该装置与腔道更好地配合，应该指出的是，上述的描述只是一个优选实施例，本发明的范围由本申请的权利要求书限定。

Claims (50)

1、一种可扩张的移植片固定模，包括：多个互连的构成一个具有一个近端、一个远端和一条纵向轴线的移植片固定模的柔性栅格，所述的栅格排列成许多沿移植片固定模的纵向轴线配置的互连的柔性列，以及位于移植片固定模远端的一个远列，和位于移植片固定模近端的一个近列，其中位于移植片固定模远列上的栅格适合于比位于移植片固定模的远列与近端之间的那些列上栅格具有更大的径向力并更具柔性。
2、如权利要求1所述的移植片固定模，其中所述的移植片固定模的远列上的栅格的尺寸不同于位于移植片固定模的远列与近端之间那些列上的栅格。
3、如权利要求1所述的移植片固定模，其中所述的移植片固定模的远列上的栅格所用的材料厚度比位于移植片固定模的远列与近端之间那些列上的栅格更薄。
4、如权利要求1所述的移植片固定模，其中所述的移植片固定模的远列上的栅格所用的材料比位于移植片固定模的远列与近端之间那些列上的栅格所用的材料具有更大的柔性。
5、一种可扩张的移植片固定模，包括：多个互连的构成一个具有一个近端、一个远端和一条纵向轴线的移植片固定模的柔性栅格，所述的栅格排列成许多沿移植片固定模的纵向轴线配的互连的柔性列，以及位于移植片固定模远端的一个远列，和位于移植片固定模近端的一个近列，其中位于移植片固定模远列上的栅格和位于移植片固定模近列上的栅格适合于比位于移植片固定模的远列与近列之间的那些列上的栅格施加更大的径向力和更大的柔性。
6、如权利要求5所述的移植片固定模，其中位于该装置远列和近列上的栅格尺寸不同于位于该装置远列和近列之间的那些列上的栅格。
7、如权利要求5所述的移植片固定模，其中所述的移植片固定膜的远列和近列上的栅格所用的材料厚度比位于远列与近列之间那些列上的栅格更薄。
8、如权利要求5所述的移植片固定模，其中所述的移植片固定膜的远列和近列上的栅格所用的材料比位于远列与近列之间那些列上的栅格所用的材料具有更大的柔性。
9、一种可扩张的移植片固定模，包括：
(a)多个互连的构成一个具有一个近端、一个远端和一条纵向轴线的移植片固定模的柔性栅格，该栅格排列成许多沿移植片固定模的纵向轴线配置的互连的柔性列，以及位于移植片固定模远端的一个远列，和位于移植片固定模近端的一个近列，每个柔性栅格包括一个第一杆件、一个第二杆件、一个第三杆件和一个第四杆件；
(b)在第一杆件和第三杆件之间所设的第一C形弧段；
(c)在第二杆件和第四杆件之间所设的第二C形弧段；
(d)在第一杆件和第二杆件之间所设的第一柔性连接段；
(e)在第三杆件和第四杆件之间所设的第二柔性连接段，其中远列的栅格上的第一和第三杆件比远列上的第二和第四杆件短，并且远列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比该装置其它列的栅格上的柔性连接段更易挠曲。
10、如权利要求9所述的移植片固定模，其中第一和第二柔性连接段是U形的。
11、如权利要求9所述的移植片固定模，其中第一和第二柔性连接段是S形的。
12、如权利要求9所述的移植片固定模，其中第一和第二柔性连接段是Z形的。
13、如权利要求9所述的移植片固定模，其中远列上的第一和第三杆件比远列上的第二和第四杆件短约15％。
14、如权利要求9所述的移植片固定模，其中远列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比其它列上的栅格中的第一和第二柔性连接段更窄。
15、如权利要求14所述的移植片固定模，其中远列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比其它列上的栅格中的第一和第二柔性连接段窄约40％。
16、如权利要求9所述的移植片固定模，其中远列上的第一和第二柔性连接段是退火的，其硬度与其它列上的柔性连接段的硬度不同。
17、如权利要求9所述的移植片固定模，其中该装置由镍钛合金组成，且该装置的远列上的第一和第二柔性连接段为马氏体相，而该装置的其余部分为奥氏体相。
18、如权利要求9所述的移植片固定模，其中该装置远列上的栅格所用的材料厚度比位于移植片固定模的远列与近端之间那些列上的栅格更薄。
19、如权利要求9所述的移植片固定模，其中所述的移植片固定模的远列上的栅格所用的材料比位于移植片固定模的远列与近端之间那些列上的栅格所用的材料具有更大的柔性。
20、一种可扩张的移植片固定模，包括：
(a)多个互连的构成一个具有一个近端、一个远端和一条纵向轴线的纵向移植片固定模的柔性栅格，所述的栅格排列成许多沿移植片固定模的纵向轴线配置的互连的柔性列，以及位于移植片固定模远端的一个远列，和位于移植片固定模近端的一个近列，每个柔性栅格包括一个第一杆件、一个第二杆件、一个第三杆件和一个第四杆件；
(b)在第一杆件和第三杆件之间所设的第一C形弧段；
(c)在第二杆件和第四杆件之间所设的第二C形弧段；
(d)在第一杆件和第二杆件之间所设的第一柔性连接段；
(e)在第三杆件和第四杆件之间所设的第二柔性连接段，其中远列的栅格上的第一和第三杆件比远列上的第二和第四杆件短，并且远列和紧接着远列的那一列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比该装置其它列的栅格上的柔性连接段更具柔性。
21、如权利要求20所述的移植片固定模，其中第一和第二柔性连接段是U形的。
22、如权利要求20所述的移植片固定模，其中第一和第二柔性连接段是S形的。
23、如权利要求20所述的移植片固定模，其中第一和第二柔性连接段是Z形的。
24、如权利要求20所述的移植片固定模，其中远列和紧接着远列的那一列上的第一和第三杆件比远列上的第二和第四杆件短约15％。
25、如权利要求20所述的移植片固定模，其中远列和紧接着远列的那一列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比其它列上的栅格中的第一和第二柔性连接段更窄。
26、如权利要求25所述的移植片固定模，其中远列和紧接着远列的那一列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比其它列上的栅格中的第一和第二柔性连接段窄约40％。
27、如权利要求20所述的移植片固定模，其中远列和紧接着远列的那一列上的第一和第二柔性连接段是退火的，其硬度与其它列上的柔性连接段的硬度不同。
28、如权利要求20所述的移植片固定模，其中该装置由镍钛合金组成，且该装置的远列和紧接着远列的那一列上的第一和第二柔性连接段为马氏体相，而该装置的其余部分为奥氏体相。
29、如权利要求20所述的移植片固定模，其中远列和紧接着远列的那一列上的栅格所用的材料厚度比位于其它列上的栅格更薄。
30、如权利要求20所述的移植片固定模，其中远列和紧接着远列的那一列上的栅格所用的材料规格号比位于其它列上的栅格所用的材料具有更大的柔性。
31、一种可扩张的移植片固定模，包括：
(a)多个互连的构成一个具有一个近端、一个远端和一条纵向轴线的纵向移植片固定模的柔性栅格，所述的栅格排列成许多沿移植片固定模的纵向轴线配置的互连的柔性列，以及位于移植片固定模远端的一个远列，和位于移植片固定模近端的一个近列，每个柔性栅格包括一个第一杆件、一个第二杆件、一个第三杆件和一个第四杆件；
(b)在第一杆件和第三杆件之间所设的第一C形弧段；
(c)在第二杆件和第四杆件之间所设的第二C形弧段；
(d)在第一杆件和第二杆件之间所设的第一柔性连接段；
(e)在第三杆件和第四杆件之间所设的第二柔性连接段，其中远列的栅格上的第一和第三杆件比远列上的第二和第四杆件短，近列的栅格上的第二和第四杆件比近列上的第一和第三杆件短，并且在远列和紧接着远列的那一列、在近列和紧接着近列的那一列等四列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比该装置其它列的栅格上的柔性连接段更具柔性。
32、如权利要求31所述的移植片固定模，其中第一和第二柔性连接段是U形的。
33、如权利要求31所述的移植片固定模，其中第一和第二柔性连接段是S形的。
34、如权利要求31所述的移植片固定模，其中第一和第二柔性连接段是Z形的。
35、如权利要求31所述的移植片固定模，其中远列和紧接着远列的那一列、近列和紧接着近列的那一列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比其它列上的栅格中的第一和第二柔性连接段更窄。
36、如权利要求35所述的移植片固定模，其中远列和紧接着远列的那一列、近列和紧接着近列的那一列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比其它列上的栅格中的第一和第二柔性连接段窄约50％。
37、如权利要求35所述的移植片固定模，其中远列和紧接着远列的那一列、近列和紧接着近列的那一列上的第一和第二柔性连接段比其它列上的栅格中的第一和第二柔性连接段窄约50％。
38、如权利要求31所述的移植片固定模，其中远列，紧接远列的那个列，近列和紧接着近列的那一列的柔性连接段是退火的，其硬度与所述的移植片固定模的其它列上的栅格中的第一和第二柔性连接段的硬度不同。
39、如权利要求31所述的移植片固定模，其中由镍钛合金组成，且在所述的移植片固定模的的远列和紧接着远列的那一列、近列和紧接着近列的那一列上的第一和第二柔性连接段为马氏体相，而其余部分是奥氏体相。
40、如权利要求31所述的移植片固定模，其中位于所述的移植片固定模的远列和紧接着远列的那一列、近列和紧接着近列的那一列上的栅格所用的材料规格号比位于其它列上的栅格的材料更薄。
41、如权利要求31所述的移植片固定模，其中位于所述的移植片固定模的远列和紧接着远列的那一列、近列和紧接着近列的那一列上的栅格所用的材料比位于其它列上的栅格所用的材料具有更大的柔性。
42、一种可膨胀的移植片固定模，包括：多个互连的构成一个具有一个近端和一个远端的移植片固定模的柔性栅格，所述的移植片固定模具有使其远端上的径向力比紧接着远端的部分上的径向力更大的装置。
43、如权利要求42所述的移植片固定模，所述的移植片固定模还具有使其远端的柔性比紧接着远端的部分上柔性更大的装置。
44、一种可膨胀的移植片固定模，包括：多个互连的构成一个具有一个近端和一个远端的移植片固定模的柔性栅格，所述的移植片固定模具有使其近端和远端上的径向力比近端和远端之间的部分上的径向力更大的装置。
45、如权利要求44所述的移植片固定模，所述移植片固定模还具有使其近端和远端的柔性比近端和远端之间的部分上柔性更大的装置。
46、一种用于处理在一部分腔道上具有独特特征的腔道的可扩张的移植片固定模，包括：多个互连的柔性栅格，这些栅格排列成许多互连的柔性列并构成了一个具有一个近端、一个远端和一个纵向轴线的移植片固定模，其中至少一列作了改变，以便使与所改变的列相接触的部份腔道的独特性相适应。
47、一种用于处理具有非均一直径的腔道的可扩张的移植片固定模，包括：多个互连的柔性栅格，这些栅格排列成许多互连的柔性列并构成了一个具有一个近端、一个远端和一个纵向轴线的移植片固定模，其中至少一列作了改变，以便使与所改变的列相接触的那部分腔道的非均一直径相适应。
48、一种用于处理具有非均一径向力的腔道的可扩张的移植片固定模，包括：多个互连的柔性栅格，这些栅格排列成许多互连的柔性列并构成了一个具有一个近端、一个远端和一个纵向轴线的移植片固定模，其中至少一列作了改变，以便使其与所改变的列相接触的那部分腔道的非均一径向力相适应。
49、一种用于处理具有非均一纵向柔性的腔道的可扩张的移植片固定模，包括：多个互连的柔性栅格，这些栅格排列成许多互连的柔性列并构成了一个具有一个近端、一个远端和一个纵向轴线的移植片固定模，其中至少一列作了改变，以便使与所改变的列相接触的那部分腔道的非均一纵向柔性相适应。
50、如权利要求46所述的移植片固定模，其中在位于近端和远端之间的许多列中的一列上的栅格尺寸比其余列上的栅格尺寸更大。
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