CN1190980A - 掺有部分涂覆炭黑的弹体配混料 - Google Patents
掺有部分涂覆炭黑的弹体配混料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1190980A CN1190980A CN96195482A CN96195482A CN1190980A CN 1190980 A CN1190980 A CN 1190980A CN 96195482 A CN96195482 A CN 96195482A CN 96195482 A CN96195482 A CN 96195482A CN 1190980 A CN1190980 A CN 1190980A
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- elastomeric compounds
- carbon black
- silica
- coating
- goods
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Abstract
公开的是弹体配混料,该配混料包括弹性体,二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑,和任选地包括偶联剂。也公开了掺有弹性体和氧化的、部分涂覆的炭黑的弹体配混料。还公开了二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑/弹体配混料的配方,该配方使用在各种产品用途中有用的各种弹性体。
Description
本发明涉及显示出改进了滞后性质的新型弹体配混料。更具体地，本发明涉及新型的掺有二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的弹体配混料。
背景技术
在橡胶和其它弹体配混料的配混和制备中，炭黑被广泛地用作颜料，填料和补强剂。炭黑在制备用于生产轮胎的弹体配混料中作为补强剂是特别有用的。
通常在炉式反应器中通过用热燃烧气使烃原料热解从而生产出含有颗粒炭黑的燃烧产物来生产炭黑。炭黑以聚集体的形式存在。该聚集体本身又由炭黑颗粒制成。然而，炭黑颗粒一般并非以与炭黑聚集体无关的形式存在。根据分析性质，炭黑的一般特征包括，但不限于：粒径和比表面积；聚集体大小、形状、和分布；以及表面的化学和物理性质。通过本领域已知的实验分析测定炭黑的这些性质。例如，氮吸附表面积(用ASTM实验方法的D3037-方法A测定)和溴化十六烷基三甲基铵吸附值(CTAB)(用ASTM实验方法的D3765[09.01]测定)测定比表面积。粉碎炭黑的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯吸附(CDBP)(用ASTM实验方法的D3493-86测定)和未粉碎炭黑的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯吸附(DBP)(用ASTM实验方法的D2414-93测定)涉及到聚集体的结构。结合橡胶值涉及到炭黑的表面活性。给定炭黑的性质取决于生产方法，并且例如通过改变温度，压力，原料，停留时间，骤冷温度，生产率，和其它参数可以进行调节。
在生产轮胎中，当其构成轮胎的外胎和其它部分时，一般希望使用含炭黑的配混料。例如，合适的外胎配混料使用配混的弹性体以便提供在不同温度下高的耐磨性和良好滞后平衡。具有高耐磨性的轮胎是需要的，因为耐磨性与轮胎寿命成正比。炭黑的物理性质直接影响到外胎配混料的耐磨性和滞后性。通常，具有高比表面积和小粒径的炭黑赋予外胎高的耐磨性和高的滞后性。炭黑填充量也影响弹体配混料的耐磨性。耐磨性随填充量增加而提高，至少到一个最佳点，超过该点耐磨性实际上降低。
弹体配混料的滞后性与在循环变形下消耗的能量有关。换言之，弹性组合物的滞后性与施加的使该弹性组合物变形的能量和当该弹性组合物恢复到开始的未变形状态所释放的能量之差有关。滞后性的特征在于损耗角正切值，tanδ，它是损耗模量与储能模量(即粘性模量与弹性模量)之比。用具有在较高温度(例如40℃或更高)测定的较低滞后性的轮胎外胎配混料制备的轮胎具有降低的抗滚动性，这又导致降低了使用该轮胎车辆的燃料消耗。同时，具有在低温(例如0℃或更低)测定的较高滞后性的轮胎外胎导致轮胎具有高的湿牵引力和抗滑性，这增加了驾驶安全性。因此，可以说显示出高温低滞后性和低温高滞后性的轮胎外胎配混料具有良好的滞后平衡。
还有其他许多应用，在这些应用中提供显示出良好滞后平衡弹性体是有用的，但耐磨性不是重要因素。这样的应用包括，但不限于：轮胎组份例如胎面垫胶、胎肩垫胶配混料、轮胎侧壁、轮胎胎壳、轮胎脊、轮胎边填料和导线表面薄覆盖层；发动机座；和在工业驱动和自动传送带中使用的基本配混料。
也使用二氧化硅作为弹性体的补强剂(或填料)。然而，与单独用炭黑作为补强剂得到的结果相比，单独使用二氧化硅作为弹性体的补强剂导致性能差。理论上说强的填料-填料相互作用和差的填料-弹性体相互作用是二氧化硅性能差的原因。通过用化学偶联剂例如可从Degussa AG，Germany得到的双(3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)四硫烷将两个物质化学键合可以改进二氧化硅-弹性体的相互作用。偶联剂例如Si-69在弹性体和二氧化硅之间形成化学键，因此将二氧化硅偶联到弹性体上。
当将二氧化硅化学偶联到弹性体上时，增强了所得弹性体组合物的某些性能特性。当将这样的弹体配混料加入进车辆轮胎中时，该弹体配混料提供了改进的滞后平衡。然而，含有二氧化硅作为基本补强剂的弹性体配混料显示出低的导热性、高的电阻率、高的密度和差的加工性。
当在弹性组合物中仅用炭黑作为补强剂时，它没有化学偶联到弹性体上，但炭黑表面提供了很多用于与弹性体相互作用的部位。尽管与炭黑一起使用偶联剂可以给弹性组合物提供某些性能上的改进，但该改进不能与当与二氧化硅一起使用偶联剂时得到的相比。
本发明的目的是提供显示出改进滞后平衡的新的弹体配混料。本发明的另一个目的是提供掺有二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的弹体配混料。本发明的再一个目的是提供掺有二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的弹体配混料，其中用偶联剂可以将该炭黑有效地偶联到该弹性体上。这样的炭黑可以用于：例如，轮胎配混料、工业橡胶产品和其它橡胶物品。本发明的又一个目的是提供二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑/弹性配方，该配方使用了在各种产品应用中有用的各种弹性体。通过下面的说明书和权利要求书本发明的其它目的将变得显而易见。
发明的公开
本发明涉及弹体配混料，该配混料包括弹性体和二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑，和任选地包括偶联剂。与没有涂覆的炭黑相比，该二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑赋予弹性体改进的滞后性。本发明也涉及二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑/弹性配方，该配方使用了在各种产品应用中有用的各种弹性体。
发明详述
通过将弹性体与二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑配混可以得到具有理想滞后性和其它性质的弹体配混料。
通过将氧化硅化合物涂覆在至少一部分炭黑聚集体上可以得到该二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑。可以使用任何炭黑。
可以通过很多不同方法用氧化硅化合物完全或部分涂覆炭黑。一种这样的方法公开于日本专利申请号05(1993)-178604中。为了制备二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑，可以用溶剂如甲醇稀释有机硅酸盐如四乙基原硅酸盐或硅烷例如四乙氧基硅烷，从而制备浓度为约1-20％(重量)硅化合物的硅化合物溶液。另一个溶液可以通过将5-20％的28％氨水溶液加入到乙醇中来制备。
然后缓慢地将炭黑加入到该氨溶液中，同时连续地搅拌该混合物。同时地，将硅化合物溶液滴加到该氨溶液中。该操作最多几小时后，将该二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑萃取、过滤和干燥。
认为这样制备的用二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑将优点赋予给了弹性体中的炭黑、二氧化硅、或其混合物。不受理论限制，相信这样的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑在其表面上具有更多的官能团，尤其是硅醇，便于与偶联剂有更大的相互作用，因此与未涂覆的炭黑相比，当与弹性体配混时，它改进了滞后性。还预计该二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑将显著的优点赋予给弹性体中的二氧化硅。因此，需要较少的偶联剂，导致了配混成本降低。
掺有如上所述的二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的弹体配混料可以另外地与一种或多种偶联剂配混，以便进一步增强该弹体配混料的性质。如在本文中所使用的，偶联剂包括，但不限于：能够将填料例如炭黑或二氧化硅偶联到弹性体上的化合物。有用的偶联剂包括，但不限于：硅烷偶联剂，例如双(3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)四硫烷(Si-69)、3-硫氰氧基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷(从Degussa AG得到的Si-264得到)、γ-巯基丙基-三甲氧基硅烷(从UnionCarbide Corp.Danbury，Conneticut得到的A189)；锆酸盐偶联剂，例如二新链烷醇基二(3-巯基)丙酸基-O锆(从Kenrch Petrochemicals，Inc.，of Bayonne，New Jersey得到的NZ 66A)；钛酸盐偶联剂；硝基偶联剂，例如N，N’-双(2-甲基-2-硝基丙基)-1，6-二氨基己烷(从Sumitomo Chemical Co.，Janpa得到Sumifine1162)；和上述的任意混合物。偶联剂可以作为与合适载体一起的混合物提供，这些载体是：例如可从Degussa AG得到的X50-S、Si-69和N330炭黑的混合物。
掺入到本发明弹体配混料中的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑可以被氧化和/或与偶联剂结合。合适的氧化剂包括，但不限于：硝酸和类似的配混料。偶联剂包括，但不限于：上述的任一偶联剂。
本发明的部分涂覆的实施方案还可以含有连接上的有机基团。一种将有机基团连接在炭黑上的方法包括：在没有外部施加足以还原该重氮盐的电流下，将至少一种重氮盐与炭黑反应。即在没有足以还原该重氮盐的外部电子源下进行重氮盐和炭黑之间的反应。可以使用不同重氮盐的混合物。可以在各种反应条件下和在任何类型的反应介质(包括质子传递和非质子传递溶剂体系或浆液中)进行该方法。
在另一个方法中，至少一种重氮盐与炭黑在质子传递反应介质中反应。可以使用不同重氮盐的混合物。该方法也可以在各种反应条件下进行。
优选地，在这两个方法中，该重氮盐是就地形成的。如果需要，在任何一个方法中，用本领域已知的方法可以将该炭黑产物分离和干燥。此外，用已知的技术可以处理得到的炭黑产物以便除去杂质。下面讨论这些方法的各种优选实施方案。
这些方法可以在各种条件下进行并且通常并不限于任何特定的条件。该反应条件必须是这样的，它使得特定的重氮盐足以稳定到让其与炭黑反应。因此，可以在其中重氮盐是短时间存在的条件下进行这些方法。例如，重氮盐和炭黑之间的反应在宽范围的pH和温度下发生。这些方法可以在酸性、中性、和碱性pH下进行。优选地，pH在约1-9的范围。反应温度优选在0-100℃范围。
如本领域已知的，重氮盐可以通过例如伯胺与亚硝酸水溶液的反应来形成。重氮盐和其制备方法的一般性讨论在Morrison和Boyd，OrganicChemistry(有机化学)，5th Ed.，pp.973-983，(allyn and Bacon，Inc.1987)和March，Advanced Organic Chemistry：Reactions，Mechanisms and Structures(高级有机化学：反应、机理和结构)，4th Ed.，(wiley，1992)中可以找到。按照本发明，重氮盐是具有一个或多个重氮基团的有机配混料。
重氮盐可以在与二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑反应前制备，或更优选地可以使用本领域已知的技术就地生成。就地生成也允许使用不稳定的重氮盐，例如烷基重氮盐并避免不需要的重氮盐的处理和控制。在特别优选的方法中，亚硝酸和重氮盐均是就地反应的。
如本领域已知的，重氮盐可以通过将伯胺、亚硝酸盐和酸反应来形成。亚硝酸盐可以是任何金属亚硝酸盐，优选亚硝酸锂、亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸钾、或亚硝酸锌，或任何有机亚硝酸盐，例如异戊基亚硝酸盐或乙基亚硝酸盐。酸可以是在形成重氮盐中有效的任何酸、有机酸或无机酸。优选的酸包括：硝酸HNO3，盐酸HCl，和硫酸H2SO4。
重氮盐也可以通过将伯胺与二氧化氮水溶液反应来形成。该二氧化氮水溶液NO2/H2O提供了形成重氮盐所需要的亚硝酸。
与其它方法相比，在过量HCl存在下形成重氮盐是较不优选的，因为HCl腐蚀不锈钢。用NO2/H2O形成重氮盐具有另外的优点，它对不锈钢或其它通常用于反应容器的金属有较小的腐蚀性。使用H2SO4/NaNO2或HNO3/NaNO2形成重氮盐也是相对无腐蚀的。
通常，从伯胺、亚硝酸盐和酸反应来形成重氮盐，以所用胺的量计，需要2当量的酸。在就地方法中，可以使用1当量的酸形成重氮盐。当伯胺含有强酸基团时，可以不需要加入另外的酸。该酸基团或该伯胺的基团可以提供1个或2个所需当量的酸。当伯胺含有强酸基团时，优选地，不将另外的酸，或将最高达1当量另外的酸加入到本发明的方法中以便就地形成重氮盐。可以使用略微过量的另外的酸。这种伯胺的一个例子是对-氨基苯磺酸(磺胺酸)。
通常，重氮盐是热不稳定的。一般在低温(例如0-5℃)溶液中制备它们并且该盐不分离而加以使用。某些重氮盐的热溶液可以释放出氮并在酸性介质中形成相应的醇或在碱性介质中形成有机自由基。
然而，仅需要该重氮盐足以稳定到让其与炭黑反应。因此，可以用某些在其它情况下被认为是不稳定的和分解的重氮盐来实施这些方法。一些分解过程可以与炭黑和重氮盐之间的反应竞争并可以降低连接在炭黑上有机基团的总数。另外，可以在很多重氮盐易于分解的升高的温度下进行该反应。升高温度也可以有利于增加重氮盐在反应介质中的溶解度且在该过程中改进其操作。然而，由于其它的分解过程，升高温度可以导致一些重氮盐的损失。
可以将试剂加入到炭黑在反应介质(例如水)中的悬浮液中以便形成重氮盐。因此，待用的炭黑悬浮液可以已经含有一种或多种形成重氮盐的试剂并通过加入剩余的试剂来完成该过程。
形成重氮盐的反应与很多通常在有机配混料中发现的官能团是一致的。因此，仅是用于与炭黑反应的重氮盐的可得到性限制了本发明方法。
这些方法可以在任何允许重氮盐和炭黑之间反应进行的反应介质中进行。优选地，该反应介质是溶剂基的体系。该溶剂可以是质子传递溶剂、非质子传递溶剂、或这些溶剂的混合物。质子传递溶剂是含有连接于氧或氮上的氢并因此具有足够的酸性以便形成氢键的溶剂，象水或甲醇。非质子传递溶剂是不含有上面定义的酸性氢的溶剂。非质子传递溶剂包括：例如溶剂如己烷、四氢呋喃(THF)、乙腈、和苯基腈。对于质子传递和非质子传递溶剂见Morrison和Boyd的Organic Chemistry(有机化学)，5th Ed.，pp.228-231，(allynand Bacon，Inc.1987)。
这些方法优选在质子传递反应介质中，即在单独的质子传递溶剂或含有至少一种质子传递溶剂的溶剂混合物中进行。优选的质子传递介质包括，但不限于：水、含有水和其它溶剂的含水介质、醇、和任何含醇的介质、或上述介质的混合物。
重氮盐和炭黑之间的反应可以用任何类型的炭黑例如飞扬性或颗粒形式的炭黑来进行。在一个设计为降低生产成本的实施方案中，该反应在形成炭黑颗粒的过程中进行。例如，可以在干燥鼓中通过将重氮盐的溶液或浆液喷雾到炭黑上来制备炭黑产品。另外，可以通过在含有重氮盐或就地形成重氮盐的试剂的溶剂体系(例如水)存在下对炭黑进行造粒，来制备炭黑产品。含水溶剂体系是优选的。
通常，该方法也产生无机副产物，例如盐。在某些最终用途(例如下面讨论的那些)中，这些副产物可能是不希望要的。几种生产没有不希望要无机副产物炭黑的可能方法如下：
第一，在使用前通过使用本领域已知的技术方法除去不需要的无机副产物来纯化该重氮盐。第二，用有机亚硝酸盐而不是无机盐作为形成相应醇的重氮盐试剂，来形成该重氮盐。第三，当从具有酸基团的浆液和含水NO2形成重氮盐时，没有无机盐形成。其它方法对本领域技术人员来说是已知的。
除了无机盐副产物外，该方法也可能产生有机副产物。它们可以通过例如用有机溶剂萃取除去。其它得到没有不希望要的有机副产物产品的方法对本领域技术人员来说是已知的，并且包括用反渗透洗涤或除去离子。
重氮盐和二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑之间的反应形成具有连接于炭黑上有机基团的二氧化硅涂覆炭黑。该重氮盐可以含有要被连接在二氧化硅涂覆炭黑上的有机基团。通过本领域技术人员已知的其它方法也可以生产该炭黑产品。
该有机基团可以是脂族基团、环状有机基团、或具有脂族部分和环状部分的有机配混料。如上所讨论的，使用的重氮盐可以是从含有一个这些基团并能够形成重氮盐(甚至是不稳定的)的伯胺衍生的。该有机基团可以是取代或未取代的，支链或非支链的。脂族基团包括：例如，从烷、烯、醇、醚、醛、酮、羧酸、和碳水配混料衍生的基团。环状有机基团包括，但不限于：脂环烃基团(例如环烷基、环烯基)、杂环烃基团(例如吡咯烷基、吡咯啉基、哌啶基、吗啉基等)、芳香基团(例如苯基、萘基、蒽基等)、和杂芳基团(咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、噻吩基、噻唑基、呋喃基、吲哚基等)。随着取代有机基团的位阻增大，可以减少由重氮盐和炭黑之间反应而连接在炭黑上的有机基团的数。
当有机基团被取代时，它可以含有与形成重氮盐一致的任何官能团。优选的官能团包括，但不限于：R，OR，COR，COOR，OCOR，羧酸盐例如COOLi，COONa，COOK，COO-NR4 +，卤素，CN，NR2，SO3H，磺酸盐例如SO3Li，SO3Na，SO3K，SO3 -NR4 +，OSO3H，OSO3 +盐，NR(COR)，CONR2，NO2，PO3H2，膦酸盐例如PO3HNa和PO3Na2，磷酸盐例如OPO3HNa和OPO3Na2，N＝NR，NR3 +X-，PR3 +X-，SkR，SSO3H，SSO3 -盐，SO2NRR’，SO2SR，SNRR’，SNQ，SO2NQ，CO2NQ，S-(1，4-哌嗪二基)-SR，2-(1，3-二噻烷基)，2-(1，3-二硫环戊基)，SOR，和SO2R。R和R’可以相同或不同，各自独立地是氢、支链或非支链的C1-C20取代或未取代的、饱和或不饱和的烃，例如烷基、链烯基、链炔基，取代或未取代的芳基，取代或未取代的杂芳基，取代或未取代的烷基芳基，或取代或未取代的芳基烷基。整数k在1-8的范围并且优选2-4。阴离子X-是卤化物或从矿物或有机酸衍生的阴离子。Q是(CH2)w，(CH2)xO(CH2)z，(CH2)xNR(CH2)z，或(CH2)xS(CH2)z，其中w是2-6的整数及x和z是1-6的整数。
优选的有机基团是式AyAr-的芳香基团，它相应于AyArNH2的伯胺。在该式中，变量具有下面的意义：Ar是芳香基团，例如芳基或杂芳基。优选地，Ar选自：苯基、萘基、蒽基、苯基蒽基、联苯基、吡啶基、苯并噻二唑基、和苯并噻唑基；A是在芳香基团上的取代基，各自独立地选自上述优选的官能团，或A是直链、支链或环状烃基团(优选含有1-20个碳原子)，它是未取代的或用一种或多种这些官能团取代；以及y在1到芳香基团中-CH基团的总数的范围。例如，当Ar是苯基时，y是1-5，当Ar是萘基时，y是1-7，当Ar是蒽基、苯基萘基、或联苯基时，y是1-9，或当Ar是吡啶基时，y是1-4。在上式中，R和R’的具体例子是NH2-C6H4-，CH2CH2-C6H4-NH2，CH2-C6H4-NH2和C6H5。
另一组可以连接在炭黑上的优选有机基团是用离子或可离子化基团作为官能团取代的有机基团。可离子化基团是在所用介质中能够形成离子基团的基团。该离子基团可以是阴离子基团或阳离子基团，而可离子化基团可以形成阴离子或阳离子。
形成阴离子的可离子化官能团包括：例如，酸性基团或酸性基团的盐。因此，该有机基团包括从有机酸衍生的基团。优选地，当其含有形成阴离子的可离子化基团时，这样的有机基团具有：a)芳香基，和b)至少一个pKa小于11的酸性基团，或至少一个pKa小于11的酸性基团的盐，或至少一个pKa小于11的酸性基团和至少一个pKa小于11的酸性基团的盐的混合物。该酸性基团的pKa表示作为整体而不仅仅是酸性取代基的有机基团的pKa。更优选地，该pKa小于10，和更优选该pKa小于9。优选地，该有机基团的芳香基团直接连接在炭黑上。该芳香基团可以进一步被取代例如用烷基取代，或是未取代的。更优选地，该有机基团是苯基或萘基，以及酸性基团是磺酸、亚磺酸、膦酸、或羧酸基团。这些酸性基团和其盐的例子在上面讨论了。更优选地，该有机基团是取代或未取代的磺基苯基或其盐；取代或未取代的(多磺基)苯基或其盐；取代或未取代的磺基萘基或其盐；取代或未取代的(多磺基)萘基或其盐。优选的取代磺基苯基是羟基磺基苯基或其盐。
具有形成阴离子的可离子化官能团(和其相应伯胺)的具体有机基团是对磺基苯基(对-磺胺酸)，4-羟基-3-磺基苯基(2-羟基-5-氨基-苯磺酸)，和2-磺基乙基(2-氨基乙烷磺酸)。也可以使用其它具有形成阴离子的可离子化官能团的其它有机基团。
胺代表形成阳离子的可离子化官能团的例子。例如，胺在酸性介质中可以被质子化从而形成铵。优选地，具有胺取代基的有机基团的pKb小于5。季铵基团(-NR3 +)和季鏻基团(-PR3 +)也代表了阳离子基团的例子。优选地，该有机基团含有：芳香基例如苯基或萘基和季铵或季鏻基团。该芳香基优选直接连接在含硅炭黑上。也可以使用季环胺和季芳香胺作为该有机基团。因此，在这方面，可以使用N-取代的吡啶鎓配混料，例如N-甲基-吡啶基。有机基团的例子包括，但不限于：(C5H4N)C2H5 +，C6H4(NC5H5)+，C6H4COCH2N(CH3)3 +，C6H4COCH2(NC5H5)+，(C5H4N)CH3 +，和C6H4CH2N(CH3)3 +。
具有连接上用离子或可离子化基团取代的有机基团的炭黑产品的优点是：该炭黑产品相对于未处理的炭黑具有增加的水分散性。炭黑产品的水分散性随连接在具有可离子化基团的炭黑上的有机基团数目，或连接在给定有机基团上的可离子化基团数目而增加。因此，增加与炭黑产品缔合的可离子化基团数目应增加其水分散性并可以将水分散性控制到所需要的水平。可以指出的是：通过将该含水介质酸化可以增加含有胺作为连接在炭黑上有机基团的炭黑产品的水分散性。
因为炭黑产品的水分散某种程度上取决于电荷稳定性，因此优选该含水介质的离子强度小于0.1摩尔。更优选地，该离子强度小于0.01摩尔。
当制备这样的水可分散的炭黑产品时，优选在反应介质中将该离子或可离子化的基团离子化。可以照原来的样子使用得到的产物溶液或浆液或者在使用前稀释。另外，炭黑产物可以通过用于常规炭黑的技术来干燥，这些技术包括，但不限于：在烘箱或旋转炉中干燥。然而，过干燥可以引起水分散性程度的损失。
除了其水分散性外，可以将具有用离子或可离子化基团取代的有机基团的炭黑产品分散在极性有机溶剂例如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和甲酰胺中。在醇例如甲醇或乙醇中，使用络合剂例如冠醚增加具有含酸性基团金属盐的有机基团的炭黑分散性。
芳香硫化物包括另一类优选的有机基团。具有芳香硫化物基团的炭黑在橡胶组合物中是特别有用的。这些芳香硫化物可以用式Ar(CH2)qSk(CH2)rAr’或Ar(CH2)qSk(CH2)rAr”表示，其中Ar和Ar’各自独立地是取代或未取代的亚芳基或亚杂芳基，Ar”是芳基或杂芳基，k是1-8，q和r是0-4。取代的芳基包括取代的烷基芳基。优选的亚芳基包括亚苯基，特别是对-亚苯基，或苯并亚噻唑基。优选的芳基包括苯基、萘基和苯并噻唑基。硫存在的数用k来限定，在2-4的范围内。优选的炭黑是具有连接上式-(C6H4)-Sk-(C6H4)-的芳香硫化物有机基团的那些炭黑，其中k是1-8的整数，和更优选地其中k在2-4的范围内。特别优选的芳香硫化物是：双-对-(C6H4)-S2-(C6H4)-和对-(C6H5)-S2-(C6H5)。这些芳香硫化物基团的重氮盐可以从其相应的伯胺、H2N-Ar-Sk-Ar’-NH2或H2N-Ar-Sk-Ar”常规地制备。优选的基团包括：二硫代二-4，1-亚苯基，四硫代二-4，1-亚苯基，苯基二硫代亚苯基，二硫代二-4，1-(3-氯亚苯基)，-(4-C6H4)-S-S-(2-C7H4NS)，-(4-C6H4)-S-S-(4-C6H4)-OH，-6-(2-C7H3NS)-SH，-(4-C6H4)-CH2CH2-S-S-CH2CH2-(4-C6H4)-，-(4-C6H4)-CH2CH2-S-S-S-CH2CH2-(4-C6H4)-，-(2-C6H4)-S-S-(2-C6H4)-，-(3-C6H4)-S-S-(3-C6H4)-，-6-(C6H3N2S)，-6-(2-C7H3NS)-S-NRR’，其中RR’是-CH2CH2OCH2CH2-，-(4-C6H4)-S-S-S-S-(4-C6H4)，-(4-C6H4)-CH＝CH2，-(4-C6H4)-SO3H，-(4-C6H4)-SO2NH-(4-C6H4)-S-S-(4-C6H4)-NHSO2-(4-C6H4)-，-6-(2-C7H3NS)-S-S-2-(6-C7H3NS)-，-(4-C6H4)-S-CH2-(4-C6H4)-，-(4-C6H4)-SO2-S-(4-C6H4)-，-(4-C6H4)-CH2-S-CH2-(4-C6H4)-，-(3-C6H4)-CH2-S-CH2-(3-C6H4)-，-(4-C6H4)-CH2-S-S-CH2-(4-C6H4)-，-(3-C6H4)-CH2-S-S-CH2-(3-C6H4)-，-(4-C6H4)-S-NRR’，其中RR’是-CH2CH2OCH2CH2-，-(4-C6H4)-SO2NH-CH2CH2-S-S-CH2CH2-NHSO2-(4-C6H4)-，-(4-C6H4)-2-(1，3-二噻烷基)，和-(4-C6H4)-S-(1，4-哌啶二基)-S-(4-C6H4)-。
另一类可以连接在炭黑上的优选有机基团是具有氨基苯基的有机基团，例如(C6H4)-NH2，(C6H4)-CH2-(C6H4)-NH2，(C6H4)-SO2-(C6H4)-NH2。优选的有机基团也包括芳香硫化物，用式Ar-Sn-Ar’或Ar-Sn-Ar”表示，其中Ar和Ar’各自独立地是亚芳基或，Ar”是芳基，以及n是1-8。将这样的有机基团连接在炭黑上的方法在美国专利申请系列号08/356660，08/572525，和08/356459中有讨论，这些文献的公开内容全部引入本文作为参考。
另外，也可以使用二氧化硅涂覆炭黑和具有至少一个连接上有机基团的改性炭黑的混合物。此外，使用二氧化硅和二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的混合物也在本申请的范围内。再有，也可以使用添加组份与二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的任意组合，例如下面之一：
a)二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑，该炭黑具有连接上的有机基团，任选地用硅烷偶联剂处理过；
b)具有连接上有机基团的改性炭黑；
c)二氧化硅；
d)改性的二氧化硅，例如连接上有机基团的二氧化硅，和/或
e)炭黑。
二氧化硅的例子包括，但不限于：二氧化硅，沉淀二氧化硅，无定型二氧化硅，玻璃二氧化硅，蒸发二氧化硅，熔融二氧化硅，硅酸盐(例如硅铝酸盐)，和其它含Si填料，例如粘土，滑石，硅灰石等。二氧化硅可从这样的来源：如Cabot Corporation以Cab-O-SilR商标名；PPG Industries以Hi-Sil和Ceptane商标名；Rhone-Poulence以Zeosil商标名；和Degussa AG以Ultrasil和Coupsil商标名购得。
任何合适的弹性体都可以与二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑配混从而提供本发明的弹体配混料。这样的弹性体包括，但不限于：1，3-丁二烯、苯乙烯、异戊二烯、异丁烯、2，3-二甲基-1，3-丁二烯、丙烯腈、乙烯、和丙烯的均聚物或共聚物，优选地，其中用差示扫描量热计(DSC)测定的玻璃转化温度(Tg)在约120℃到0℃的范围。例子包括，但不限于：SBR、天然橡胶和其衍生物例如氯化橡胶、聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、聚(苯乙烯共-丁二烯)、和上述的任意共混物。SBR包括，但不限于：溶液SBR、功能溶液SBR、乳液SBR、和上述的任意组合。
本发明的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑也可以与合成橡胶一起使用，合成橡胶是：例如约10-约70％(重量)苯乙烯和约90-30％(重量)丁二烯的共聚物，如19份苯乙烯和81份丁二烯的共聚物，30份苯乙烯和70份丁二烯的共聚物，43份苯乙烯和57份丁二烯的共聚物；共轭二烯的聚合物和共聚物，例如聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、聚氯化异戊二烯等，和这样的共轭二烯与含乙烯基的可共聚单体的共聚物，这样的单体包括：例如苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、氯化苯乙烯、丙烯腈、2-乙烯基-吡啶、5-甲基-2-乙烯基吡啶、5-乙基-2-乙烯基吡啶、2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡啶、烷基取代的丙烯酸酯、乙烯基酮、甲基异丙烯基酮、甲基乙烯基醚、α亚甲基羧酸和其酯和酰胺例如丙烯酸和二烷基丙烯酸酰胺；也适用于本文中的是乙烯和其它高级α烯烃如丙烯、丁烯-1和戊烯-1的共聚物。
弹性组合物也包括硫化橡胶(VR)、热塑性硫化组合物(TPV)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)、和热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)。TPV、TPE、和TPO材料还可以通过其挤塑和模塑几次而不损失性能的能力来进一步分类。
在制备弹性组合物时，可以使用一种或多种固化剂，例如硫、硫供体、活化剂、促进剂、过氧化物、和其它用于弹性体组合物有效硫化的体系。
本发明的弹性组合物也可以含有：弹性体，固化剂，增强填料，偶联剂，和任选地各种加工助剂，石油软化剂，和抗降解剂。
本发明的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑与弹性体的配方被认为具有当这样的弹性体与常规炭黑配制时意想不到的优点。示于下面表1中的是一个列出下面内容的表：对于工业橡胶应用特别有用的某些弹性体；本发明二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的优选加料比(用每100份弹性体(PHR)的炭黑份数表示)；与使用常规炭黑的相同组合物相比，认为用这样的组合物得到的益处；和每个组合物的相应的有用工业用途，在这些应用中，认为用这样的组合物得到益处。除了EPDM和过氧化物固化的弹性体外，在含有除了碳和氢以外元素的弹性体中，也认为该二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑有优点。含有非氢基团的弹性体的例子包括，但不限于：NBR(丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶)，XNBR(羧酸-丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶)，HNBR(氢化的丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶)，CR(氯丁二烯橡胶)，ECO(环氧乙烷-氯甲基环氧乙烷)，GPO(聚环氧丙烷-烯丙基缩水甘油醚)，PPO(聚环氧丙烷)，CSM(氯化-磺酰基-聚乙烯)，CM(氯化聚乙烯)，BIIR(溴化-异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶)，CIIR(氯化-异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶)，ACM(丙烯酸乙酯或其它丙烯酸酯和少量可硫化共聚单体的共聚物)，和AEM(丙烯酸乙酯或其它丙烯酸酯和乙烯的共聚物)。
与用常规(非二氧化硅涂覆的)炭黑制备的组合物相比，用列于表1中的组合物得到的益处的特征在于所期望的性质。评价给定的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑/弹性体组合物的这些性质是通过进行比较实验来进行的。大部分列于表1中的性质是通过本领域技术人员已知的常规实验来测定的。其它实验简述如下：
硬度表示Shore(肖尔)A硬度，它是按照在ASTMD-2240-86中所述的方法测定的。
回弹性可以按照在ASTM D1054中所述的方法，使用美国Zwick公司(Post Office Box 997，East Windsor，Connecticut 06088)制造的5109型ZWICK回弹弹性试验仪来测定。
表1
| 聚合物 | 加入量 | 成形时的益处 | 应用领域 |
| 乙烯丙烯二烯单体(EPDM) | 50-250PHR100-200PHR | 增加UHF加热速率增加撕裂强度降低虹彩改进耐热老化性较高的电阻率增加对给定硬度的拉伸较长的疲劳寿命对给定tanδ较低的弹簧刚度改进的弹性 | 档风条档风条档风条胶皮管胶皮管胶皮管发动机座发动机座发动机座 |
| 聚氯化戊二烯(新戊二烯) | 10-150PHR20-80PHR | 对给定tanδ较低的弹簧刚度改进的耐乙二醇性改进的回弹性较低的热变厚 | 发动机座密封垫密封垫，胶皮管皮带 |
| 天然橡胶(NR) | 10-150PHR20-80PHR | 对给定tanδ较低的弹簧刚度较高的耐切/削性 | 发动机座皮带 |
| 氢化的丁腈丁二烯橡胶(HNBR) | 10-150PHR20-80PHR | 对给定tanδ较低的弹簧刚度提高的耐高温撕裂性改进的弹性较低的热变厚 | 发动机座支座，密封垫密封垫，胶皮管皮带 |
| 苯乙烯橡胶(SBR) | 10-150PHR | 较高的耐切/削性 | 皮带 |
| 乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA) | 10-150PHR | 改进的物理性质 | 胶皮管 |
UHF微波感受性可以用介电仪(由法国的Total Elastomers提供)测定。UHF微波感受性的特征在于系数α，它定义为：
α＝(150℃-80℃)/(t150-t80)[℃/s]
其中t150和t80分别是样品达到150℃和80℃所需要的时间。α是80℃和150℃之间的加热速率。
组合物的电阻率可以通过用半英寸宽的银涂料将样品涂覆上2英寸宽×6英寸长×0.085英寸厚的银涂层来测定。然后样品通过从室温到100℃并再回到室温循环，接着在90℃老化24小时来控制条件，以便得到稳定的读数。在老化循环结束时测定稳定的电阻率，并且在让样品冷却到回室温后再一次测定电阻率。
可以将所得的含有二氧化硅涂覆炭黑和任选地含有一种或多种偶联剂的弹体配混料用于各种弹性产品，例如车辆轮胎的外胎，工业橡胶产品，密封垫，调速皮带，动力传送皮带，和其它橡胶物品。当用于轮胎时，可以将该弹体配混料用于外胎或用于轮胎的其它部件，例如轮胎胎壳和轮胎侧壁。
用本发明的掺有二氧化硅涂覆炭黑但没有偶联剂的弹体配混料生产的外胎配混料提供了改进的动力学滞后特性。然而，掺有部分涂覆炭黑和偶联剂的弹体配混料显示出进一步改进的特性。
本文中提到的所有专利，申请，实验方法，和出版物均引入本文作为参考。
根据上面详细的公开，本发明的很多变化将呈现在本领域技术人员眼前。例如，本发明的组合物可以包括其它补强剂，其它填料，石油软化剂，和抗降解剂等。所有这样的改变均在权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (34)
1.一种弹体配混料，含有：
选自下面物质的弹性体：乙烯丙烯二烯单体橡胶、聚氯丁二烯、天然橡胶、氢化丁腈橡胶、丁腈橡胶、氯化聚乙烯、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、丁基橡胶、聚丙烯酸橡胶、聚表氯代醇、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯和上述的共混物；和
二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑。
2.权利要求1的弹体配混料，其中所述二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的存在量为每100份所述弹性体约10-300份。
3.权利要求2的弹体配混料，其中所述二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的存在量为每100份所述弹性体约100-200份。
4.权利要求1的弹体配混料，其中所述二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的存在量为每100份所述弹性体约10-150份。
5.权利要求4的弹体配混料，其中所述二氧化硅涂覆炭黑的存在量为每100份所述弹性体约20-80份。
6.由权利要求1的弹体配混料制备成的制品。
7.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成档风条。
8.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成冷却剂胶皮管。
9.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成水胶皮管。
10.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成燃料胶皮管。
11.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成发动机座。
12.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制套管。
13.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成动力皮带。
14.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成输送机皮带。
15.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成动力传送皮带。
16.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成密封垫。
17.权利要求6的制品，其中将所述的弹体配混料制成衬垫。
18一种弹体配混料，该配混料包括弹性体和二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑，其中所述的炭黑至少部分地用二氧化硅涂覆。
19.权利要求18的弹体配混料，其中所述的弹性体选自：溶液SBR、天然橡胶、官能溶液SBR、乳液SBR、聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、和上述的任意共混物。
20.权利要求18的弹体配混料，其中所述的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑含有约0.5-约10％(重量)的硅。
21.权利要求20的弹体配混料，其中所述的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑含有约2-约6％(重量)的硅。
22.权利要求18的弹体配混料，该配混料还含有偶联剂。
23.权利要求22的弹体配混料，其中所述的偶联剂选自：硅烷偶联剂、锆酸盐偶联剂、钛酸盐偶联剂、硝基偶联剂、和上述的任意混合物。
24.权利要求23的弹体配混料，其中所述的偶联剂选自：双(3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)四硫烷、3-硫氰氧基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基-三甲氧基硅烷、二新链烷醇基二(3-巯基)丙酸基-O锆、N，N’-双(2-甲基-2-硝基丙基)-1，6-二氨基己烷和上述的任意混合物。
25.改进弹体配混料滞后性的方法，该配混料含有在权利要求18中所定义的弹体配混料，其中与未涂覆的炭黑相比，所述的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑赋予该弹性体在低温下较高的损耗角正切值和在高温下较低的损耗角正切值。
26.权利要求1的弹体配混料，该配混料还含有二氧化硅。
27.权利要求1的弹体配混料，该配混料还含有炭黑，二氧化硅，具有连接其上的有机基团的炭黑，或其组合。
28.权利要求1的弹体配混料，其中至少一部分所述的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑具有连接其上的有机基团，和任选地用硅烷偶联剂处理过。
29.权利要求28的弹体配混料，其中所述的有机基团是Ar-Sn-Ar’或Ar-Sn-Ar”，其中Ar和Ar’各自独立地是亚芳基，Ar”是芳基，和n是1-8。
30.权利要求1的弹体配混料，该配混料还含有具有其上连接上有机基团的炭黑。
31权利要求1的弹体配混料，该配混料还含有炭黑。
32.权利要求1的弹体配混料，其中至少一部分所述的二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑具有连接其上的有机基团和所述的弹性组合物还含有具有其上连接上有机基团的炭黑，二氧化硅，炭黑，或其混合物。
33.制备弹性组合物的配方，该配方含有弹性体和二氧化硅涂覆的炭黑。
34.权利要求33的配方，该配方还含有偶联剂。
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-
1996
- 1996-05-21 HU HU9802554A patent/HUP9802554A3/hu unknown
- 1996-05-21 BR BR9609289A patent/BR9609289A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-21 CO CO96025694A patent/CO4560366A1/es unknown
- 1996-05-21 MX MX9708945A patent/MX9708945A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-21 EP EP19960920329 patent/EP0827523A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-21 JP JP53580196A patent/JP3305722B2/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-05-21 WO PCT/US1996/007309 patent/WO1996037546A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-21 CA CA 2221573 patent/CA2221573C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-21 AR AR10264696A patent/AR002061A1/es unknown
- 1996-05-21 US US08/750,016 patent/US5916934A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-21 KR KR1019970708359A patent/KR100386705B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-21 TW TW85106009A patent/TW440594B/zh active
- 1996-05-21 AU AU58673/96A patent/AU5867396A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-21 CZ CZ973681A patent/CZ368197A3/cs unknown
- 1996-05-21 CN CN96195482A patent/CN1190980A/zh active Pending
- 1996-05-21 MY MYPI9601903 patent/MY132143A/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-11-22 EG EG124597A patent/EG21179A/xx active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1945456B (zh) * | 2005-10-04 | 2010-11-24 | 住友橡胶工业株式会社 | 成像装置用清洁刮板 |
| CN103642134A (zh) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-03-19 | 铜陵市肆得科技有限责任公司 | 一种组合橡胶密封垫材料及其制备方法 |
| CN107406619A (zh) * | 2015-03-13 | 2017-11-28 | 株式会社普利司通 | 轮胎生产用的含有二氧化硅的橡胶配混料的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUP9802554A2 (hu) | 1999-03-29 |
| EG21179A (en) | 2000-12-31 |
| WO1996037546A1 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
| MY132143A (en) | 2007-09-28 |
| CO4560366A1 (es) | 1998-02-10 |
| EP0827523A1 (en) | 1998-03-11 |
| JPH11505878A (ja) | 1999-05-25 |
| AR002061A1 (es) | 1998-01-07 |
| AU5867396A (en) | 1996-12-11 |
| US5916934A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
| KR19990021884A (ko) | 1999-03-25 |
| BR9609289A (pt) | 1999-05-11 |
| CA2221573A1 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
| CA2221573C (en) | 2002-10-08 |
| JP3305722B2 (ja) | 2002-07-24 |
| MX9708945A (es) | 1998-03-31 |
| KR100386705B1 (ko) | 2003-08-19 |
| CZ368197A3 (cs) | 1998-04-15 |
| HUP9802554A3 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
| TW440594B (en) | 2001-06-16 |
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