CN1234087A - 墙壁件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

墙壁件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1234087A
CN1234087A CN97198920A CN97198920A CN1234087A CN 1234087 A CN1234087 A CN 1234087A CN 97198920 A CN97198920 A CN 97198920A CN 97198920 A CN97198920 A CN 97198920A CN 1234087 A CN1234087 A CN 1234087A
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wall
ceiling
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约翰·S·科捷
戴维·R·柯林斯
詹姆斯·G·吉维斯
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James Hardie Research Pty Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/065—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web with special adaptations for the passage of cables or conduits through the web
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/72—Non-load-bearing walls of elements of relatively thin form with respect to the thickness of the wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8647—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties going through the forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B5/29—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated the prefabricated parts of the beams consisting wholly of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0421—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/0434—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0473—U- or C-shaped

Abstract

一种在现场制造一墙壁,地板或天花板的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:安装一坚固的刚性框架(10)并将纤维增强的水泥薄板(50)固定在框架的前面和后面,以便其间形成一内腔(60)。然后将轻型骨料混凝土泥浆注入上述内腔(60)并使其养护。薄板适于从轻型骨料混凝土泥浆中吸收足够的水份,保证混凝土泥浆在其固化和养护期间与薄板自然粘合,而不明显降低其结构的整体性。

Description

墙壁件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改进的墙壁、地板或天花板及其制造方法。
背景技术
在建筑行业中大量需求用现代轻型的整体墙壁方案，以其更有吸引力的价格和更大的设计灵活度，作为取代传统的砖体或预制混凝土块墙体的一替换方案。还迫切要求减少传统筑墙方法的施工时间。
有许多外观类似的轻型的粉刷或“抹灰”的砖石砌筑方法；这些方法采用普通的立筋框架，外罩薄片材料并抹灰或涂料，实现砖石砌体的外观。然而，尽管这些方法提供了砖石砌体的外观；但是，它们均未达到砖石砌体的“触感”或整体性能。
目前，还有许多可用的砌筑墙板方式。通常，此类板是利用将轻型混凝土芯注入相邻两纤维增强水泥(FRC)薄板之间的腔内制成。不过，这些制板方式通常是不在施工现场制作；并导致大量的运输费用。另外，该板本身相当沉重，安装需要起重机使用费或者大量的人工运输。就设计而言，此类板也是不灵活的；而且，一般仅仅以一两维的平板提供，因此，还要导致现场切割的费用。
通常，在现场进行浇筑混凝土墙壁、地板或天花板，需要复杂笨重的模板，以便确定随后注入常规混凝土/骨料混合物所需的墙壁、地板或天花板。重型混凝土/骨料(concrete/aggregate)混合物在模板上作用很大的应力；而且上述混合物不适于制作轻型墙壁、地板或天花板。另一弊端是与上述重型材料生产、运输和安装相关的所有外加的难题。
本发明的目的是克服或至少明显改进现有技术的某些弊端。
本发明概述
相应，本发明提供一种在现场制造墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其中该方法包括下列步骤：
安装一坚固的刚性框架，确定一墙壁、地板或天花板的前面和后面；
将纤维增强水泥薄板固定在所述的前面和后面上，以便在其间形成内腔；
将一轻型骨料混凝土泥浆注入上述内腔；
并且使上述混凝土泥浆固化和养护；
其中，上述的薄板适于吸收足够的水份，以便使上述的混凝土泥浆在固化和养护期间与上述薄板自然粘合，而不显著降低其结构的整体性。
本发明以一较佳的形式提供一种制作墙壁、地板或天花板的方法。与现有的预制方法相比，该方法具有较大的灵活性；而且与现有常规的现场制作方法相比，本发明的方法在仍然保持砌体所需外观和触感的同时，操作较简便，成本更低廉。
并非所有的纤维增强水泥薄板都适用于本发明的工艺。适于本发明制作方法的薄板应宜于：
ⅰ)吸收足够的水份，以便保证养护之后，混凝土与薄板自然粘合；
ⅱ)养护期间基本保持其结构的整体性。
薄板的渗水率和/或厚度均可调节，以便符合上述规定。
本专业的技术人员将显而易见，当含水的轻型骨料混凝土泥浆注入薄板之间的内腔时，FRC薄板将吸收一定量的水。吸收水量的要求应随着混凝土先固化后养护，使其与水泥薄板自然粘合。
由于纤维水泥薄板吸收水份，其强度则降低。如果继续吸收水份，薄板强度可能减弱的程度将导致泥浆的重量足以使薄板构件的整体性完全丧失，并且水泥浆将从板间的内腔中流出。然而，本中请人已意外发现，有可能提供薄板，这些薄板吸收足够的水份使混凝土在其固化和养护期间自然粘合，而且仍能基本维持其结构的整体性。由于它考虑到无须附加模板或增强薄板就可在现场生产具有普通砖石砌体外观和实心触感的轻型墙壁、天花板和地板；所以，这一点极为有益。
所谓的“低渗水率薄板”，如本文中参照结合的尚待批准的国际专利申请文献PCT/AU96/00522中所公开的实例，特别适用于本发明的方法。这种低渗水率配方的板与普通的FRC薄板相比，降低了因大量吸水造成的强度损失。
本领域中众所周知，通常是借助向含水的水泥浆中或者是添加预制的气/水化学发泡剂、或者是添加多孔的轻型骨料颗粒制成用于制造建筑平板的轻型混凝土。通常，本发明方法可以采用的轻型骨料混凝土泥浆可包括按体积计50％-70％的多孔聚苯乙烯颗粒，20％-40％的砂，5-15％的水泥，5-15％的水和0-20％的飞灰、粉化渣或其它的含硅粉料。轻型混凝土的密度变化范围通常是从200kg/m3至1800kg/m3。相应地，普通重量的混凝土，其密度范围通常是1800kg/m3至2600kg/m3。
有利的是，如果所设计的墙壁、地板或天花板是用于专用目的，如用于防火墙、防火地板、防火天花板等的阻燃；在轻型的混凝土泥浆中还可包括添加料。
附图简介
现仅以例证的方式参照附图阐述一较佳的实施例，本发明能更为一目了然。附图包括：
图1是适于本发明方法所用的框架透视图；
图2是用纤维增强薄板覆盖的图1框架的透视图；和
图3及图3A是沿着采用本发明方法制造的整个墙壁、地板或天花板剖切的剖视图。
实施本发明的模式
首先参见图1，本发明方法的第一步是提供用于所需墙壁、地板或天花板的一框架。该框架10最好用普通的薄壁承载钢骨架构成。在此实例中，框架10包括由基本垂直定向、相互间隔的立筋40联接的下横挡20、上横档30。
最好，各框架件材料的最小厚度为0.55mm。在所示实施例中，各框架件包括一细长形“C”断面的槽钢件。其它断面，如“Z”、“I”形，也同样适用。最好，各框架件包括一对相互间隔的平行的翼缘41、42。这些翼缘不仅用于帮助固定FRC板，如下文所述，它们还将增强墙壁、地板或天花板。
如图2所示，本发明方法的下步是将许多纤维增强水泥薄板50固定在框架上。借助于合适的机构，它们可以固定在框架上；不过，本申请人已发现螺钉固定水泥板与框架将提供可靠的联接。在螺钉固定水泥板与框架的同时，可以在框架上涂胶，保持FRC薄板定位。最好，边缘部位51、52或邻接的薄板50与同一立筋43联接。这将减少薄板50邻接边缘之间的相对移动。
注入两薄板之间形成的内腔60中的轻型骨料泥浆，最好其名义密度介于200kg/m3至1800kg/m3之间，最好是约400-500kg/m3。该轻型水泥浆可以是常规成份，而且能含有粉化的聚苯乙烯泡沫材料的碎片(“谷粉”)，或者多孔的聚苯乙烯珠粒，飞灰和/或其它废料，借此提供废品的有益循环。最好，轻型泥浆具有一低含水量，如按重量计50％或稍少的水。下面是一种合适的轻型水泥浆组份的范例。一立方米泥浆包括：
120kg水泥
160kg飞灰
1m3聚苯乙烯颗粒
4升加气剂，和
约150升水。
一般而言，装有水泥/飞灰泥浆的混凝土搅拌器将运至现场。混合一适当时间、如两分钟，的加气剂加入其中。然后，再将聚苯乙烯加入加气泥浆；并在混合的同时加入足够的水，使成品泥浆将作为一小球放在手掌中；如果轻轻地摇手，小球容易流动。
制造适于本发明方法的混凝土配方的另一可选择的较简单的方法包括将以体积计六份EPS(多孔聚苯乙烯)，三份砂，一份水泥和一份水混合。该泥浆可在现场有选择地与发泡剂或加气剂混合。
泥浆可通过顶板30上的孔或纤维水泥薄板50中的孔注入框架内腔。在浇注水泥浆后，纤维增强水泥板吸收水份，暂时降低其强度。纤维增强水泥板的选择应使其吸收足够的水份，使混凝土在养护期间自然粘合，而且维持其结构的整体性。如上所述，最好按照国际专利申请文献PCT/AU96/00522所示范的，将低渗水率的纤维增强水泥板用于本发明方法。该薄板最好是一热压熟化成品，包括：一偏高岭土、波特兰(Portland)水泥，含硅结晶材料和水、以及其它适用添加剂，如增强纤维。
另一方面，可采用低密度薄板。通常，低密度薄板具有一低于1200kg/m3的密度，最好是800kg/m3-900kg/m3。该低密度薄板比上述低渗水率薄板可以吸收更大量的水份；然而，该低密度薄板较轻，相应可采用较厚的板；借此，确保在混凝土养护期间，保持其结构的整体性。
对于立筋中心距为300mm的墙壁而言，采用普通的纤维增强水泥薄板，其优选的最小厚度为6mm。采用上述的低渗水率或低密度薄板，优选的最小厚度也是6mm。
不过，如果我们将立筋间距加大如增至400mm，那么普通纤维增强板的厚度至少务必增大至9mm。然而意外的是，本申请人已发现：当采用上述低渗水率和低密度板时，6mm厚度的板仍适于吸收足够的水份，以便在混凝土固化和养护期间，混凝土粘合并保持其结构的整体性。借助于采用该6mm厚度的低渗水率或低密度薄板，有可能将立筋间距进一步加大，借此使材料和人工费用都明显降低。
为保证养护后的混凝土与前面板和后面板50适当粘合，该薄板50务必吸收足够的水份。为试验该渗水率，将预定的面板50的样品与直径50mm直管的下端固定。在管中保持1.22m高的水柱，并在整个48小时期间测量穿过薄板的水量。对于普通的6mm薄板，渗水速率为每小时1-2mm。对于低渗透率的6mm薄板，渗水速率为每小时0.5-1mm；对于低密度的6mm薄板，渗水速率为每小时0.2-0.5mm。各上述薄板分别具有一恰当的渗水速率，保证该板与养护的混凝土粘合。
由于高流量将在纤维增强水泥薄板上作用过大的压力并在墙腔内可能形成气窝；所以，轻型混凝土将缓慢泵入内腔。无需振动轻型混凝土，只需轻轻拍打墙壁就可使其夯实。
在另一实施例中，可以分段注入内腔。如下所述，为减轻靠含湿纤维水泥薄板支承的重量，可以仅仅充填部分内腔，如底部三分之一并对其养护，在此之后，可以注入中部三分之一并养护，然后再充填顶部三分之一。
如图3所示，轻型骨料泥浆注满整个纤维薄板之间的内腔；借此，提供不仅重量轻而且外观和感觉均与普通砖砌体相同的一墙壁、天花板或地板。
在图示实施例中，固定在框架前面和后面的薄板50是交错的，即相互错位。对本发明而言，这点并非必不可少；而且上述薄板同样可以是相应对齐，因此，各前面板和后面板的边缘部分51、52固定在共用的立筋43上。
另外，在一较佳的实施例中，如图3A所示，其边缘部位51、52倒钝。一适用的连接复合件55覆盖两相邻接板之间的任一间隙，然后，一条加强带56或类似件跨过接头并嵌入联接的复合件中。
一般而言，混凝土应在注入约七天之内已充分养护。此时，可以用更轻型的混凝土泥浆或檐口粘结剂注入任何残留的凹坑并完成墙壁、地板或天花的全面修整。
本发明的方法不涉及任何新的建筑行业或技巧，而且明显快于常规的砖石砌筑方法。本发明方法用的轻型元件将降低运输和吊装成本，而且就设计而言，有极大灵活性。没有工厂生产的板件或特殊元件，所有的墙壁、地板或天花板全能在现场制造。当然，如果设计如此，可以在安装前将钢框架全部或部分完成并运往施工现场，用纤维增强水泥薄板覆盖。
轻型混凝土泥浆可以是普通成份，并可加入聚苯乙烯碎片，飞灰和其它废料；借此提供废品的有益循环。由于泥浆渗透并与纤维增强水泥板粘合；壁板本身是稳定的，借此，最大限度减小因热效应和水份影响引起的移动。这就使得有可能采用较简单的薄板定位复合件并减少薄板之间接缝开裂的可能性。虽然已参照具体实例详述本发明，显而易见，本专业的技术人员可以许多其它形式实施本发明。

Claims (16)

1．一种在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其中该方法包括下列步骤：
安装一坚固的刚性框架，确定一墙壁、地板或天花板的前面和后面；
将纤维增强的水泥薄板固定在所述的前面和后面上，以便在其间形成内腔；
将一轻型骨料混凝土泥浆注入上述内腔；
并使上述混凝土泥浆固化和养护；
其中，上述的薄板适于吸收足够的水份，以便使上述混凝土泥浆在固化和养护期间与上述薄板自然粘合，而不明显降低其结构的整体性。
2．一种如权利要求1所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：用轻型骨料混凝土泥浆注满该内腔。
3．一种如权利要求1或2所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：借助于用一轻型骨料混凝土泥浆重复注入部分内腔而分阶段地注满内腔，并且先养护已注入的那部分然后再注入另一部分内腔。
4．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：利用传统的金属架立筋制造上述框架。
5．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：所述框架的立筋可以是箱形断面，“C”形槽钢断面，或其它形状，如“Z”形断面，“I”形断面等。
6．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：所述的框架立筋包括若干由腹板相联的平行相间的翼缘，使用中上述的翼缘基本邻接并平行于一对应的前面板或后面板延伸。
7．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：上述的增强水泥薄板与上述框架用化学方法固定。
8．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：上述的增强水泥薄板同上述框架用机械方法固定。
9．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：上述轻型混凝土泥浆包含50％或稍少的水量。
10．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：上述的混凝土泥浆包括发泡剂、加气剂和/或轻型骨料，如聚苯乙烯颗粒、飞灰和/或其它废料。
11．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：所述的轻型骨料泥浆具有介于200kg/m3至1800kg/m3之间的一名义密度。
12．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：每一立方米轻型混凝土泥浆包括约120kg水泥，约160kg飞灰，约1m3的多孔聚苯乙烯颗粒，约4升的加气剂和约150升的水。
13．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：上述的轻型骨料混凝土泥浆包括：
按体积计50-70％的多孔聚苯乙烯颗粒；
20-40％的砂
5-15％的水泥
5-15％的水，和
0-20％的飞灰，粉化渣或其它含硅的粉料。
14．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：上述的薄板是用一密度低于1200kg/m3的低密度纤维增强水泥制造。
15．一种如前述权利要求中任一项所述的在现场制造一墙壁、地板或天花板的方法，其特征在于：上述的薄板是用一前文所述的低渗水率的薄板制造。
16．如权利要求1至15中任一项所述方法制造的一墙壁。
CN97198920A 1996-10-16 1997-10-15 墙壁件及其制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1093902C (zh)

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EP0943040A4 (en) 2001-05-16
CN1159501C (zh) 2004-07-28
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AUPO303296A0 (en) 1996-11-14
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MY125876A (en) 2006-08-30
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TW309562B (en) 1997-07-01
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US6510667B1 (en) 2003-01-28
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AU732998C (en) 2004-10-14
PL332855A1 (en) 1999-10-25
PL194292B1 (pl) 2007-05-31
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DE69726880D1 (de) 2004-01-29
CZ128899A3 (cs) 1999-12-15

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