CN1270894C - 具有用于天线的薄膜电池的射频识别标签 - Google Patents

具有用于天线的薄膜电池的射频识别标签 Download PDF

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CN1270894C
CN1270894C CNB038008475A CN03800847A CN1270894C CN 1270894 C CN1270894 C CN 1270894C CN B038008475 A CNB038008475 A CN B038008475A CN 03800847 A CN03800847 A CN 03800847A CN 1270894 C CN1270894 C CN 1270894C
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battery
antenna
label
identification
electromagnetic field
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CN1545447A (zh
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加里·M.·沙弗尔
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Adt Services LLC
Tyco Fire and Security GmbH
Sensormatic Electronics LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
    • G06K19/0702—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement including a battery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
    • G08B13/2414—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using inductive tags
    • G08B13/2417—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using inductive tags having a radio frequency identification chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
    • G08B13/2422—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using acoustic or microwave tags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2431—Tag circuit details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Abstract

提供有源RFID标签，该标签中RFID芯片(属于标签的部分)的天线也形成电池。天线可以由形成薄膜锂离子电池的一个或者两个电极制成。RFID芯片、天线和电池都可被放置到同一的衬底上，而且由于天线和电池是共同设置的，因此衬底能够被制得较柔韧。

Description

具有用于天线的薄膜电池的射频识别标签
技术领域
本发明涉及射频识别(RFID)标签，更具体地，涉及有源RFID标签，这种有源RFID标签包括作为整体部件的电池和天线。
背景技术
与库存、产品制造、销售规划和相关操作相关联的对象对准确监视对象位置和流动产生了挑战。持续需要去确定这些对象的位置和跟踪这些对象的相关信息。可以使用标签装置，这种标签装置合于配置成与各种对象相关联，包括货物、条款、人或者动物，或者实质上，任何移动的或固定的和有生命的或无生命的对象。这样的一个标签跟踪系统为电子识别系统，比如RFID。为了跟踪对象并存储和获得关于对象的信息，RFID标签被附着、连接到或者以某种方式关联到对象上。
附着有RFID标签的对象的相关信息能被写入和存储在RFID标签的存储器中。RFID标签将在合适的电磁场中被探测到，存储在标签中的信息能被读取，而且如果需要可以改变。典型地，RFID标签装置完全是无源的(没有附属的电源)，结果使封装小而轻便。然而，无源标签只能在较小的范围内工作，受到用于供给电源并与标签通信的场的尺寸的限制。
有源RFID标签包括连接到标签上以增加可探测范围的电源。然而，由于增加了电池，RFID标签体积变得更大，而且更昂贵。RFID标签必须薄且柔软以在许多应用中保持实用性。更大和更硬的标签将由于限定应用而减少标签的实用性。
发明内容
本发明提供有源射频识别标签，该标签包括设置在衬底上的射频识别芯片。设置到衬底上的电池连接到射频识别芯片。至少电池的部分形成射频识别芯片的天线。
天线可以是适合于在微波频率下工作的偶极天线。或者，天线可以在微波频率之外的其它频率下工作，例如8MHz或者13.56MHz。
电池可以是薄膜电池。薄膜电池可以是锂离子电池。
典型地，电池包括两个由电解质隔开的电极，而且天线至少由电极之一形成。
天线和电池能够共同设置在衬底上，因此电池不占据任何额外的空间。
为射频识别标签供电的方法，包括提供无线电识别标签，无线电识别标签包括设置在衬底上的射频识别芯片和薄膜电池，电池的部分形成射频识别芯片的天线。以及将射频识别标签放置到由射频识别读出器形成的射频识别电磁场中。只要从电磁场可获得的功率大于从电池可获得功率，射频识别电磁场为射频识别芯片供电。而且只要从电磁场可获得的功率小于从电池可获得的功率，电池为射频识别芯片供电。
用于供电的方法还为电池充电，只要从电磁场可获得的功率大于从电池可获得的功率。
通过下面对本发明具体实施方式的详细描述，本发明的目的、优点和应用将显而易见。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的微波RFID标签技术的顶部平面视图。
图2是本发明一种实施方式的顶部平面视图。
图3是现有技术的RFID芯片的示意图。
图4是本发明一种实施方式的部分顶部透视图。
图5是本发明串联连接的示意图。
图6是本发明并联连接的示意图。
图7是在不同于微波频率的频率下工作的本发明可选实施方式的顶部平面视图。
图8是在不同于微波频率的频率下工作的本发明可选实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1，这里使用传统的无源微波RFID标签1以说明本发明。微波RFID标签1包括安装到不导电高分子衬底6上的微波RFID芯片2和偶极天线4。如果微波RFID标签1被制成有源的，将增加电池作为标签的附加元件。然而，电池将影响天线4的工作，需要将电池与天线4相隔一定距离放置，导致了更大的标签。由于电池与天线分隔开的安装要求，传统的有源标签典型地较硬或者没有柔韧性。
参见图2，有源微波RFID标签10，如下文进一步所述，提供形成图1中所示偶极天线4的薄膜电池8。由于电池和天线被形成为一个共同设置的结构，因此衬底6能够制成比传统有源RFID标签相对地更有柔韧性。与更大更硬的标签相比，柔韧的RFID标签提供更多的应用。适用的薄膜电池，比如美国专利公开US2001/0032666A1和美国专利5,338,625中所示的固态锂离子电池，是由安装有被电解质隔开的阴极和阳极的衬底构成。在锂离子电池中，锂离子驻留在阳极材料的晶体结构中。在放电的过程中，锂离子流动通过电解质材料并被阴极材料的晶体结构吸收。电池充电使离子流动反向。锂离子电池适合于微电池，并采用与半导体加工一致的方法形成到衬底上。阳极、阴极和电解质的材料超出了本申请的范围，为了获得更详细内容，读者参见前述的32666申请和625专利。适用的锂离子电池可以从Cymbet Corporation of Elk River，Minnesota购买。例如，可以获得具有74mAh/cm2容量和0.03mm厚的最小值3V的直流电池，以及依赖于天线/电池可用面积大小的其它结构。即使微小面积的薄膜电池也能提供足够的电源以操作散射RFID标签进行几次读取循环。所选择的用于形成天线的特殊电池可以是薄膜锂离子电池之外的。电池上的主要限制是，在工作频率下，至少阳极或者阴极或者两者必需充分导电，以形成RFID芯片可用的天线。
参见图3，传统RFID芯片2包括天线端子9，如该技术中所熟知的，天线端子9接收天线处于RFID读出器的RF探询场中所获取的RF能量。AC到DC转换器11直接从RF探询场给RFID芯片2提供电源。包含在探询场RF能量中的数据由包含在芯片2中的解调器12进行解调。包含在芯片2对RFID探询场的响应中的信息在芯片上14处进行调制，并通过匹配的阻抗16传送到天线端子9。
参见图4，对本发明的串联连接的实施方式进行了说明。电池17由上电极18a和下电极18b形成，电池20由上电极19a和下电极19b形成。电解质位于上下电极之间，而且为了简化，没有示出在其上形成所有物体的衬底。需要去耦阻抗22将电池的功能与天线功能去耦，如下文完整描述的那样。
参见图5，示出了图4串联结构的进一步的细节。RFID芯片2连接到偶极天线装置24和25上，它们分别是上电极18a和下电极19b的局部。去耦阻抗22的选择之一就是电感器23，电感器23将到电线端子9的RF和DC成分去耦或者分开。去耦阻抗不限于电感器，可以是任何分立或分布电路，或者有源电路，这些电路能够将天线上接收到的入射能量的RF和DC成分分开。如果天线端子9接收到的RF能高于从电池17和20能获得的功率大小，RF场将通过AC/DC转换器11对RFID芯片2供电，这与传统无源RFID中一样。当数据传送到和从芯片2传出时入射RF场也将对电池17和20充电。如果天线端子9接收到的RF能低于从电池17和20供给的能量，在传送数据的过程中电池将为芯片2供电。与传统无源RFID标签相比，采用这种方式构造的有源标签的有效范围将显著增加。只要标签在RFID读出器附近，电池17和19将充电，标签将象无源RFID标签一样工作，而且当标签与读出器距离更远时，标签将象有源RFID标签一样工作。
参见图6，说明了本发明的并联连接的可选实施方式。电池26由上电极28a和下电极28b形成，电池27由上电极29a和下电极29b形成。天线元件30是上电极28a的部分。天线元件32是下电极29b的部分。电感器33和34执行去耦阻抗功能将天线元件30和32的RF和DC成分分开。与上面对图5所描述的类似，如果天线端子9接收到的RF能高于从电池26和27能获得的功率大小，RF场将通过AC/DC转换器11对RFID芯片2供电。当数据传送到和从芯片2传出时RF场将对电池26和27充电。如果天线端子9接收到的RF能低于从电池26和27供给的能量，在传送数据的过程中电池将为芯片2供电。
采用微波RFID标签就图4-6所示的具体实施方式对本发明进行描述。微波RFID标签典型地在高于大约1GHz的RF频率下工作，本发明容易适合于RFID标签在其它频率范围下工作。
参见图7，说明了RFID标签40，该标签不同于微波的频率下工作，例如传统的大约8MHz和大约13.56MHz的RFID频率。RFID标签40包括RFID芯片2、天线元件42和衬底44。根据本发明，天线元件42也有作为RFID芯片2的电池的作用。
参见图8，RFID芯片2，功能上与这里所示的RFID芯片一样，例如，参照任何传统RFID芯片使用该芯片。应该理解本发明使用的确切的RFID芯片结构上与这里说明的RFID芯片2不同。构造在衬底44上的天线元件42形成电池44的电极。由电解质与第一电极分开的第二电极(它们都形成于在衬底44上)形成完整的电池44。选作天线元件42的特殊电极可与所示的不一样。去耦电感器46用于将电池44供给到RFID芯片2上的DC电源与入射天线端子9上的RF数据分开。和这里的其它具体实施方式一样，去耦阻抗46能以各种各样的方式实现。与微波标签一样，RFID芯片2将由入射RF能或者电池44供给的电源中的较大者供电。如果RF能足够高，例如当标签靠近RFID读出器时，在数据传送的同时电池44将充电。
应当理解，在不背离本发明的范围可以对本发明进行变化和修改。也应理解，本发明的范围并不被解释为局限于这里所披露的特定实施方式，而是仅按照权利要求来解释，在阅读权利要求时也考虑到已经公开的文献。

Claims (11)

1、一种有源射频识别标签，包括：
设置在衬底上的射频识别芯片；
连接到所述射频识别芯片上的电池，所述电池设置在所述衬底上，其中至少所述电池的一部分形成所述射频识别芯片的天线；
其中，只要从电磁场可获得的功率实质上大于从所述电池可获得的功率，则射频识别电磁场为所述射频识别芯片供电，并且，只要从电磁场可获得的功率实质上小于从所述电池可获得的功率，则所述电池为所述射频识别芯片供电。
2、权利要求1的标签，其中所述天线为适合于工作在微波频率下的偶极天线。
3、权利要求1的标签，其中所述天线工作在8MHz或者13.56MHz下。
4、权利要求1的标签，其中所述电池为薄膜电池。
5、权利要求4的标签，其中所述薄膜电池为锂离子电池。
6、权利要求5的标签，其中所述电池包括由电解质隔开的两个电极，所述天线由所述电极中的至少一个形成。
7、权利要求1的标签，其中所述天线和所述电池实质上共同设置在衬底上。
8、权利要求1的标签，其中所述衬底是较柔韧的。
9、权利要求1的标签，其中只要从所述射频识别电磁场可获得的功率大于从所述电池可获得的功率，则对电池充电。
10、一种射频识别标签的供电方法，包括：
提供射频识别标签，该射频识别标签包括设置在衬底上的射频识别芯片并包括薄膜电池，所述电池的一部分形成所述射频识别芯片的天线；
将所述射频识别标签放置到由射频识别读出器形成的射频识别电磁场中，其中，只要从所述电磁场可获得的功率大于从所述电池可获得的功率，则所述射频识别电磁场为所述射频识别芯片供电，并且，只要从所述电磁场可获得的功率小于从所述电池可获得的功率，则所述电池为所述射频识别芯片供电。
11、权利要求10的方法，还包括只要从所述射频识别电磁场可获得的功率大于从所述电池可获得的功率，则对电池充电。
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AU2003236523A1 (en) 2003-12-31
CN1545447A (zh) 2004-11-10
WO2003107475A2 (en) 2003-12-24
US20030231106A1 (en) 2003-12-18
EP1513685A4 (en) 2006-03-29
EP1513685B1 (en) 2008-10-22
WO2003107475A3 (en) 2004-03-04
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US6700491B2 (en) 2004-03-02

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