CN1273104C - 具有湿感元件的一次性可穿着制品 - Google Patents

具有湿感元件的一次性可穿着制品 Download PDF

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CN1273104C
CN1273104C CNB028228715A CN02822871A CN1273104C CN 1273104 C CN1273104 C CN 1273104C CN B028228715 A CNB028228715 A CN B028228715A CN 02822871 A CN02822871 A CN 02822871A CN 1273104 C CN1273104 C CN 1273104C
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wetness sensation
absorbent article
top flat
sensation member
wearer
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CN1589129A (zh
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唐纳德·C·罗
帕特里克·J·艾伦
爱德华·P·卡林
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
Procter and Gamble Co
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/45Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
    • A61F13/49Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers
    • A61F13/494Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterised by edge leakage prevention means
    • A61F13/49406Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterised by edge leakage prevention means the edge leakage prevention means being at the crotch region
    • A61F13/49413Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterised by edge leakage prevention means the edge leakage prevention means being at the crotch region the edge leakage prevention means being an upstanding barrier
    • A61F13/4942Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterised by edge leakage prevention means the edge leakage prevention means being at the crotch region the edge leakage prevention means being an upstanding barrier the barrier not being integral with the top- or back-sheet
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/42Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators with wetness indicator or alarm
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/45Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
    • A61F13/49Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F13/53Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/53704Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having an inhibiting function on liquid propagation
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    • A61F13/534Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
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    • A61F13/53708Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
    • A61F13/53717Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in the horizontal direction
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/53743Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the position of the layer relative to the other layers
    • A61F13/53747Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the position of the layer relative to the other layers the layer is facing the topsheet
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/42Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators with wetness indicator or alarm
    • A61F2013/425Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators with wetness indicator or alarm being also a toilet training aid

Abstract

提供了一种用于促进入厕训练的可穿着制品。所述可穿着制品包括一个使用期间与穿着者的皮肤保持紧密接触的湿感元件,该元件用于增强穿着者已经排尿的意识。湿感元件包括一个可渗透层和一个不可渗透层。在浸尿期间,可渗透层使尿液能够在z向上渗入并且提供一种通过芯吸作用使尿液在x-y平面上流动的介质。不可渗透层承受在尿液可渗透和不可渗透层之间的流动并保留所述液体,从而增加接触穿着者皮肤的湿润面积。

Description

具有湿感元件的一次性可穿着制品
技术领域
本发明针对卫生吸收制品,例如尿布、训练短裤等等。本发明尤其是针对促进入厕训练进程的训练短裤。
背景技术
吸收制品为本领域所熟知。这些制品通常具有吸收芯,所述吸收芯在使用期间通过扣紧系统保持或安放在紧贴穿着者的身体处,用于捕获和吸收穿着者排出的身体渗出物。典型的吸收制品包括一个面向穿着者的顶片和包括一个底片,所述顶片允许液体流出物通过,所述底片防止渗出物从吸收制品逸出。
一次性吸收制品如尿布设计用于吸收和容纳身体排泄物,以防止弄脏穿着者的身体和衣服。一次性尿布典型地包括现有的各种尺寸的单一设计,其适合各种穿着者,如从新生婴儿到进行入厕训练的初学走路的孩子。尿布的设计通常影响性能,如吸收和容纳身体排泄物的能力。尿布的尺寸典型地影响贴身程度,例如尿布腰部开口的大小、围绕大腿的开口的大小和尿布的长度或“间距”。
入厕训练阶段可被称为“脱离点”,因为初学走路的孩子一旦成功地完成训练之后,典型地将遗弃这类产品。在发达国家,儿童进行入厕训练的年龄在过去的几十年里已经稳定地增加并且目前在约24至48个月年龄范围内。入厕训练滞后的一个原因是因为在尿布的干燥性和舒适性方面有了明显的技术改进。在现代尿布中,儿童甚至在一次或多次排尿后,皮肤仍然保持干爽。因此,儿童几乎没有感到不适或完全没有感到不适并且常常意识不到他们已经排尿了。
在入厕训练期间,许多父母让孩子穿棉布训练短裤或内衣裤,因此孩子在他们的“短裤”中排尿以后感到不舒服。据信这样的不适感有助于学习或产生学习适当的入厕训练的动机。棉布训练短裤使皮肤湿润并由于其高透气性而促进皮肤的蒸发冷却,进一步增强了不适感。然而,目前对这种方法的折衷方案是,棉布训练短裤的尿液容纳性较差,导致弄湿衣服并常常弄湿环境,例如地毯、家具等。很明显,需要给进行入厕训练的儿童提供一种训练信号,同时防止尿液泄漏和不必要的衣服更换。
因此,希望提供一种可穿着制品,其能够通过使穿着者意识到已经排尿来促进入厕训练,同时也提供吸收制品的保护作用,防止弄脏穿着者的衣服和环境。尤其是,希望提供这样一种可穿着制品,其通过确保穿着者感受到由排尿产生的不舒服的潮湿感来提供一种有效的已排尿信号。
发明内容
为了解决本领域所发现的一个或多个问题,提供一种可穿着制品,例如一种吸收制品,其具有纵向轴线、第一腰区、第二腰区和插入第一腰区和第二腰区之间的裆区,一次性制品包括:底片;可渗透顶片,所述顶片连接到所述底片上并具有面向身体的上表面和具有下表面;吸收芯,所述吸收芯设置在所述底片和所述顶片中间。并设置了与穿着者的皮肤保持紧密接触的湿感元件,在使用期间,其使穿着者意识到身体渗出物如尿液已经排出。湿感元件包括一个可渗透层和一个与可渗透层以面对面方式设置的不可渗透层。湿感元件典型地接近穿着者的尿道以便一旦穿着者尿湿了湿感元件的一个区域,尿液穿过Z向上可渗透层的厚度渗到不可渗透层,不可渗透层提供保持在X-Y平面上的尿液流动的最小阻力通道。这使尿液在被吸进吸收芯之前能够润湿湿感元件的很大一片面积。在使用期间,湿感元件与穿着者的皮肤保持接触,因此使穿着者意识到已经排尿了。多个湿感元件设置成与该纵向轴线间隔开,不可渗透层插入所述可渗透层和所述吸收芯之间,不可渗透层防止尿液在z向上完全通过所述湿感元件并承受尿液在x-y平面上的移动,从而增强穿着者对已经排尿的意识。
附图说明
虽然本说明书以特别指出并清楚地提出了要求保护的形成本发明的主题的权利要求结束,但是据信结合附图的下列说明可更好地理解本发明,其中相同的命名用于指示基本相同的元件,并且其中:
图1是一次性尿布的平面图;
图2是根据本发明的湿感元件的横截面视图;
图3a是具有设置在面向身体表面上的湿感元件的尿布;
图3b是如图3a所示的尿布的横截面视图,其图示说明湿感元件各层;
图4是套穿尿布的等角视图,其图示说明湿感元件的附属品;
图5a是具有与顶片结合的湿感元件的尿布平面图;
图5b是如图5a所示的尿布的横截面视图;
图6a具有两个湿感元件的尿布的平面图,所述湿感元件与顶片结合并设置成平行于纵向轴线并与该纵向轴线间隔开,所述尿布带有一个插入湿感元件间的细长窄开口;
图6b是如图6a所示的尿布的横截面视图;
图7a是具有Z形折叠顶片的尿布的平面图,其带有与顶片结合并设置在顶片Z形折叠中的两个湿感元件;
图7b是如图7a所示的尿布的横截面视图;
图8a是带有阻挡腿箍的尿布的平面图,腿箍包括与其结合的湿感元件;
图8b是如图8a所示的尿布的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
虽然本说明书以特别指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求书作为结尾,但预期通过阅读下面的本发明详述和通过研究所包括的附图,将更易于理解本发明。
本发明提供一种具有湿感元件的可穿着制品,湿感元件通过使从穿着者身体内排出的尿液润湿与穿着者皮肤紧密接触的该元件的有效面积来使穿着者意识到已经排尿了。湿感元件同样地可适用于可穿着制品例如一次性吸收制品,包括训练短裤、失禁贴身短内裤、失禁内衣、吸收衬垫、尿布托垫和衬垫、女性卫生制品等等。本发明的吸收制品的一种实施方案为一体的一次性吸收制品,例如图1所示的一次性尿布。然而优选地,本发明适于设计用来促进入厕训练的一次性训练短裤和套穿尿布。
定义
本发明使用的下列术语具有下列含义:
“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳液体的装置,更具体地讲,是指与穿着者的身体紧贴或贴近放置的、用于吸收和容纳各种由身体排放的渗出物的装置。
“纵向”是指与制品的最长直线尺寸平行的方向并且包括纵向正负45度范围内的方向。
“侧向”或“横向”方向与纵向正交。
“Z方向”与纵向和横向均正交。
“x-y平面”是指对应于纵向和横向的平面。
本发明中使用的术语“一次性的”是指通常不打算洗涤、恢复、或作为吸收制品重复使用的吸收制品(即,它们设计在一次性使用后丢弃,优选将其回收利用、堆肥处理或以其它环境相容的方式进行处理)。
本发明中使用的术语“设置于”用于指在特定地点和位置以与其它部件的整体结构形式或者以与另一种部件结合的单独部件的形式形成的部件。
本发明中使用的术语“结合的”包括构型,由此通过将一种部件直接附加于另一种部件而使一种部件直接固定于另一种部件,以及由此通过将一种部件附加于中间部件,中间部件又附加于另一种部件而使一种部件间接固定于另一种部件。
“一体的”吸收制品是指由独立部分形成共同实体并相互联接而成的吸收制品,这样它们无需单独的处理部分,如单独的支持物和衬垫。
本发明中使用的术语“尿布”是指通常由婴儿和失禁患者在下体穿着的吸收制品。
本发明中使用的术语“不可渗透的”通常是指在18g/cm2(0.14lb/in2)或更小的压力下,液态的流体不能渗透过制品的整个Z向厚度的制品和/或元件。优选地,不可渗透的制品或元件在35g/cm2(0.5lb/in2)或更小的压力下不会渗透液态的流体。更优选地,不可渗透的制品或元件在70g/cm2(1.0lb/in2)或更小的压力下不会渗透液态的流体。
图1是平展的、未收缩状态(即,没有弹性诱发的收缩)的尿布20的平面图,为更清楚地显示尿布20的基础结构,其部分结构被切掉并且与穿着者接触的尿布20部分面向观察者。尿布20包括一个纵向轴线42和一个横向轴线44。尿布20的一个末端部分36构成尿布20的第一腰区。相对的末端部分38构成尿布20的第二腰区。尿布20的中间部分37构成裆区,该裆区在第一腰区和第二腰区36和38中间纵向延伸。腰区36和38通常包括当穿着尿布20时环绕穿着者腰的那些部分。腰区36和38可包括弹性元件,这样它们聚集在穿着者的腰周围以提供改善的贴合性和容纳性。裆区37是当穿着尿布20时,通常位于穿着者两腿之间的尿布20的那一部分。
尿布20优选地包括一个液体可透过的顶片24、一个液体不可透过的底片26和一个嵌入顶片24和底片26之间的吸收芯28。顶片24可以完全或部分地具有弹性或可被缩短以提供在顶片24和芯28之间的空隙空间。包括有弹性的或可缩短的顶片的示例性结构更详细地描述于1990年1月9日授予DesMarais等人的名称为“Absorbent Article Having Elastic Strands”(具有弹性丝线的吸收制品)的美国专利4,892,536;1991年2月5日授予Freeland的名称为“Absorbent Article With Elastic Liner For Waste MaterialIsolation”(用于废物分离的具有弹性衬垫的吸收制品)的美国专利4,990,147;1991年8月6日授予Allen等人的名称为“Disposable AbsorbentArticle Having Elastically Extensible Topsheet”(具有可弹性伸展的顶片的一次性吸收制品)的美国专利5,037,416;和1993年12月14日授予Freeland等人的名称为“Trisection Topsheets For Disposable Absorbent Articles andDisposable Absorbent Articles Having Such Trisection Topsheets”(用于一次性吸收制品的三区段顶片及具有这类三区段顶片的一次性吸收制品)的美国专利5,269,775中;这些文献的每一篇均引入本文以供参考。
尿布20可包括紧固件,如钩和袢类,紧固系统40包括至少一个接合组件(凸出紧固组件)和至少一个着陆区(凹陷紧固组件)。尿布20还可以包括这种本领域已知的其它特征,包括腿箍、前耳片和后耳片、腰部覆盖片、松紧带等,以提供较好的贴合性、容纳性和美观特性。这类其它特征是本领域熟知的并且记述于美国专利3,860,003和美国专利5,151,092中,其引入本发明作为参考。
此外,本发明还适用于其它尿布实施方案,它们包括下列文献中公开的那些:2000年1月4日公布的名称为“Viscous Fluid Bodily WasteManagement Article”(粘稠、流动的身体废物治理制品)的美国专利6,010,491;1999年2月23日公布的名称为“Fit And Sustained Fit Of A DiaperVia Chassis And Core Modifications”(通过改进底片和内芯的贴合的和持久贴合的尿布)的美国专利5,873,870;1999年4月27日公布的名称为“Elastomeric Side Panel for Use with Convertible Absorbent Articles”(用于可转换的吸收制品的弹性侧片)的美国专利5,897,545;1999年5月18日公布的名称为“Absorbent Article With Structural Elastic-Like Film Web WaistBelt”(具有弹性样膜结构的织物腰带的吸收制品)的美国专利5,904,673;1999年8月3日公布的名称为“Disposable Pull On Pant”(一次性套穿裤)的美国专利5,931,827;1999年11月2日公布的名称为“Absorbent Article WithMacro-Particulate Storage Structure”(具有大颗粒存放结构的吸收制品)的美国专利5,977,430和1999年12月21日公布的名称为“Absorbent Article WithMulti-Directional Extensible Side Panels”(具有可多方向伸长的侧片的吸收制品)的美国专利6,004,306,这些专利的公开内容均引入本文以供参考。
根据本发明的示例性湿感元件如图2所示。湿感元件50包括一个可渗透层52和一个与可渗透层52相对设置的不可渗透层54。不可渗透层优选地对于处于液态的流体是不可渗透的,但可透过水蒸气以使其具有透气性。本发明的湿感元件50优选地包括一个面向身体的可渗透层(上层)和一个与面向身体层相对的不可渗透层(下层)。
在浸尿期间,可渗透层52使尿液能在z向上渗透并且还通过芯吸作用提供在X-Y平面上尿液流动的介质。不可渗透层承受在可渗透层和不可渗透层之间的液体流动并保持所述液体,从而扩大与穿着者的皮肤尽可能保持紧密和连续接触的湿感元件的浸湿面积。这种渗透和流动的组合使尿液在被吸进芯之前能够展开并有效地润湿很大的面积,这又使穿着者所感受的湿润信号达到最大。
适用于本发明的湿感元件的示例性可渗透层包括无纺物、泡沫、纺织材料等。可渗透层优选为亲水的并能够克服重力保留至少4至12g/g尿液。适用于本发明的湿感元件的示例性不可渗透层包括聚烯烃薄膜、微孔或透气薄膜,其它薄膜和抗水性大于约18g/cm2(0.14lb/in2)的疏水无纺物。适宜的疏水无纺物包括SM(纺粘/熔喷)、SMS(纺粘/熔喷/纺粘)和SMMS(纺粘/熔喷/熔喷/纺粘)复合材料。
湿感元件的有益效果可通过比较一个给定的温感元件样本和一个顶片材料的穿透时间来显示。穿透性为对于作用于表面的特定体积的液体把特定材料送入在下面的吸收芯所需要的时间。测试根据所提供的顶片穿透时间试验来进行。测试将湿感元件与顶片材料进行了比较,所述湿感元件由用6g/m2的粘合剂将18g/m2的纺粘无纺物层压为20g/m2的SMMS无纺物组成,所述顶片材料由18gsm的纺粘无纺物组成。测试结果显示,湿感元件的穿透时间平均来讲为顶片材料穿透时间的约3.4倍。下面的表说明了测试结果。
穿透性试验
  仅顶片(秒)   湿感元件(秒)
  2.42   6.26
  2.44   8.93
  2.24   7.52
  2.17   7.80
  2.11   8.05
  2.27   8.16
  2.28   7.53
  2.54   7.76
  2.36   8.12
  2.09   8.56
  1.98   6.27
  平均值   2.26   7.72
顶片穿透时间过程
在22+1℃(73+2°F)和50+2%相对湿度的室内条件下进行分析。竖立一个环架来支撑一个干净的自动装填滴定管和一个分液漏斗,以便滴定管的顶端可伸进分液漏斗中。将穿透/再润湿装置的树脂玻璃底板放在分液漏斗尖端下面的基座上,以便漏斗的尖端将处在树脂玻璃底板顶部之上2.9+0.08cm(1-1/8+1/32in)。使用聚乙烯管,将吸气瓶连接到自动装填滴定管上。在吸气瓶中放一根磁性搅棒。将瓶子注满合成的尿液测试溶液(见“溶液”)。开启磁力搅拌器的马达并在测试期间一直开着。在测试溶液已经搅拌了最少30分钟后,在充满到零位刻度之前,用该溶液冲洗滴定管至少3次。确保滴定管的顶端也充满了溶液。在分液漏斗和排液管中放入15ml测试溶液来润湿漏斗的内壁。总计重复进行两次。使用这些工艺方法,在每个试验阶段开始之前,滴定管必须被冲洗至少三次并且分液漏斗的内壁必须被润湿两次。这些准备步骤仅在测试溶液已经搅拌了至少30分钟后进行。
所有的测试都利用在吸气瓶中搅拌过的测试溶液来进行。
注意:在不用时,将滴定管充满测试溶液可防止其内部变脏。脏玻璃器皿,包括滴定管、分液漏斗和穿透板,不适于排液。每星期一次,或需要的话更频繁一些,用Alconox溶液彻底清洗滴定管、分液漏斗和穿透板。(准备Alconox溶液,要在一升温水中溶解约八克Alconox)。用Alconox溶液和洗管器清洗穿透板空腔、穿透板底部、在空腔底部的塑料点和电极周围及中间。在使用前先用蒸馏水然后用测试溶液冲洗几次滴定管、分液漏斗和穿透板。在用于下一步测试前必须去除所有的Alconox。
用于穿透/再湿润试验序列的测试溶液的用量为所用的全部Eaton-Dikeman#939滤纸的一个特性。对于提供的每一本Eaton-Dikeman#939滤纸,用来做穿透/再湿润序列的测试溶液的总体积将按照“X载荷”因子来规定,该因子代表每克滤纸叠重所用的毫升测试溶液。
确定所用的总的溶液体积毫升数,要用“X载荷”因子乘以滤纸叠重;即,如果对于很多滤纸“X载荷”为3.90ml/g和所确定的滤纸叠重为4.35g,所需要的总的测试溶液体积为3.90×4.35=17.0ml。
将待测顶片样本紧贴婴儿的一侧朝上放在前面称重过的10cm×l0cm(4in.x4in.)三张滤纸叠上。将全部样本滤纸叠和顶片放在干燥的树脂玻璃底板上并且纤维织物面朝上。(树脂玻璃底板和穿透板在试验中间必须用Bounty毛巾干燥。)使干燥的穿透板以顶片为中心并且使整个系统的中心处在分液漏斗的茎干下面,漏斗的尖端在树脂玻璃底板的顶部之上2.9+0.08cm(1-1/8+1/32in)。
穿透
在分液漏斗活塞关闭的情况下,从滴定管中流出5.0ml测试溶液进入该漏斗中。
在该穿透/再润湿装置定时器通电、定时器调到零和线已连到穿透板的情况下,通过突然打开漏斗活塞开始试验测定,并且放出5.0ml进入穿透板样本空腔中。最初的液体排放将启动定时器,并且在液体已经从空腔中排空后,定时器会关掉。在定时器关掉后,记录精确到0.01秒的穿透时间。不要从分液漏斗下面移走穿透板、样本垫等。关闭分液活塞。
湿感元件维持液体在X-Y平面流动的能力可用其芯吸作用能力来测定。湿感元件的芯吸作用能力可根据INDA标准试验:IST 10.1(95)第十节:液体芯吸速率来测定。该试验是测量按秒计的液体达到2.5cm(1.0in)芯吸高度的时间。试验结果概述于下表中,其显示湿感元件能在6.8秒的平均时间内维持2.5cm(1.0in)的芯吸高度,然而顶片材料不能达到2.5cm(1.0in)级别的芯吸高度。
芯吸高度试验
 仅顶片   湿感元件
 (达到2.5cm(1″)的秒数)   (达到2.5cm(1″)的秒数)
 不适用   8
 不适用   7
 不适用   7
 不适用   6
 不适用   7
 不适用   6
 不适用   6
 不适用   7
 不适用   7
 不适用   7
  平均值  不适用   6.80
本发明的湿感元件可以多种结构形式布置在吸收制品中。另外,吸收制品可包含单个湿感元件或多个湿感元件。总之,湿感元件优选为一个部件或纤网如顶片的一部分或被连接到其上面,其可靠地贴在穿着者的皮肤上。另外,湿感元件优选地放置在吸收制品内部以增强被尿液润湿的可能性。
设置于顶片24中的湿感元件50的示例性实施方案如图3a和3b所示。如所示的那样,湿感元件50包括一个连接到顶片24上的单独组合元件。湿感元件50包括一个面向身体的可渗透层52和与面向身体层相对的不可渗透层54。对于本实施方案,湿感元件优选被配置和组装以增加在使用时与穿着者皮肤接触的可能性。例如,湿感元件50的不可渗透层54可采用粘合剂、超声粘接、射频粘接或其它适当的方法粘接到顶片24上,而顶片24或湿感元件50被弹性地缩短以将元件50偏向穿着者的皮肤。
在图4所示的实施方案中,包括一个单独的组合元件的湿感元件50被设置在套穿型尿布的顶片24上。对于本实施方案,湿感元件50具有弹性特性并包括一个连接到第一腰区36的第一纵向末端70和一个连接到第二腰区38的第二纵向末端72。另外,为了稳定该元件并有助于使制品贴合穿着者、防止影响大便运动和确保与穿着者皮肤的良好接触,所述元件50的中心部分74优选地被连接到尿布20的裆区37。
在图5a和5b所示的备选实施方案中,湿感元件50的不可渗透层54被连接到顶片24的内表面上,其使得至少一部分顶片24形成湿感元件50的可渗透层52。对于本实施方案,顶片24优选地被弹性地缩短以偏离湿感元件50使之与穿着者的皮肤接触。可供选择地,这种实施方案可包括一个长度短于底片的顶片,其具有与底片的纵向末端相邻的顶片的纵向末端,以便当尿布环绕穿着者贴合时,顶片被迫与穿着者的皮肤接触。
不管具体的结构如何,湿感元件50的位置和/或结构应使该元件能够被尿液润湿并且其后与穿着者的皮肤保持接触。湿感元件优选地被设置在尿布20的至少一部分裆区37中,以纵向中线42为中心。湿感元件50可遍布一次性吸收制品的一部分,横跨制品不到一半长度,否则伸展到该制品的大部分,横跨超过制品一半长度。此外,为了覆盖尿液与一次性吸收制品起始接触的区域,湿感元件50优选地与穿着者的尿道对应。
本发明的吸收制品可包括多个设置在该制品面向身体表面上的湿感元件。配有多个湿感元件的实施方案的实施例如图6a和6b所示。两个不可渗透层54a、54b被连接到顶片24的底面上,形成两个湿感元件50a、50b。对于本实施方案,不可渗透层54a、54b被设置在顶片和吸收芯28中间,以便顶片形成湿感元件的可渗透层52。这两个不可渗透层54a、54b被设置为平行于尿布20的纵向中线42并与该纵向中线间隔开。间距的确定要使足够的液体通过到达芯部,以便在排尿时防止可导致吸收制品泄漏的溢流,同时也使足够的液体朝着形成湿感元件的不可渗透层流动和芯吸。不可渗透层之间的间距可为约10mm,但可在约5mm到约15mm和在约8mm到约12mm范围内变化。对于该实施方案,采用粘合剂、超声粘接、射频粘接或其它适当的方法将不可渗透层54a、54b连接到顶片24的底侧。该连接可包括覆盖不可渗透层和顶片间整个界面的粘接、点粘接或沿着不可渗透层纵向和横向边缘的粘接。尽管图6a和6b中所述的实施方案显示只有两个湿感元件,但也可以考虑具有三个或更多个湿感元件的其它吸收制品实施方案。
如图6a和6b所示,不可渗透层间的间距给在顶片24中的一个细长窄开口80提供空间。细长窄开口80被用来接受穿着者的排泄物并将其与穿着者皮肤隔离开来。正如所显示的那样,窄开口80优选地沿着尿布20的纵向中线42被插入在湿感元件50a、50b之间。在使用期间,位于窄开口80旁边的弹性区82保持窄开口80对准穿着者的肛门。弹性区82也可使湿感元件50a、50b偏向穿着者皮肤以便在使用期间与其保持接触。包括细长窄开口的示例性的有弹性的顶片公开在美国专利申请号09/694,751中,其引入本发明作为参考。可供选择地,湿感元件50a、50b的不可渗透层54a、54b被弹性地缩短以产生设置在顶片24中的弹性区82的有益效果。
在如图7a和7b所示的备选实施方案中,顶片24形成类似于前述实施方案的可渗透层52,然而,不可渗透层54a、54b被设置在在顶片24中沿着尿布20的纵向长度形成的两个平行的Z形折叠90中。Z形折叠的顶片可沿着顶片24的纵向边缘被连接到在下面的层上,使在顶片24的Z形折叠之间的部分能够自由地浮动。为了使Z形折叠的顶片中心部分向外偏转远离吸收芯28,沿着不能渗透层54a、54b设置弹性元件92。弹性元件92可如图7b所示沿着不能渗透层54a、54b设置,或可供选择地,可与不能渗透层54a、54b以面对面关系设置。在尿布下垂或环绕穿着者宽松地配合的情况下,Z形折叠的顶片24和弹性元件92的组合可使湿感元件与穿着者皮肤保持接触。
为了防止在Z形折叠之间的顶片部分被推进臀沟中和妨碍阻挡腿箍,Z形折叠间的间距可为约65mm和在约50mm至90mm范围内变化。此外,为了控制在Z形折叠之间的顶片部分的偏移,采用粘合剂、超声粘结、射频粘结或其它为了控制偏移的适当的方法,在第一腰部区域、第二腰部区域和裆区中的Z形折叠之间产生横向粘结。这些横向粘结将Z形折叠部分连接到顶片面向身体表面上和将在Z形折叠之间的部分连接到下面的芯部上。
除了将湿感元件与顶片合为一体之外,本发明的湿感元件也可与其它的尿布组件如阻挡腿箍结合。阻挡腿箍可由可渗透材料或不可渗透材料制成。在这两种情况下,阻挡腿箍材料可形成湿感元件层的一层。
湿感元件与阻挡腿箍结合的一个实施例如图8a和8b所示。对于这个实施方案,尿布20包括由不可渗透材料制成的阻挡腿箍100a、100b。阻挡腿箍100a、100b沿着尿布20的纵向边缘延伸,以平行排列方式设置在顶片24的面向身体表面上,在其中间留下顶片24的暴露的中心部分184。对于图8a和8b所示的实施方案,湿感元件150a、150b与阻挡腿箍100a、100b结合以使阻挡腿箍材料构成湿感元件的不可渗透层。可渗透层110可延长阻挡腿箍的长度、优选延长裆区37和前腰区36的长度,并被设置在最靠近尿布20的纵向轴线42的箍的部位上,以增加排尿时变湿的可能性。如图8a和8b所示,阻挡腿箍100a、100b包括带有内折叠105a、105b的Z形折叠构造形式,内折叠设置在尿布20的纵向轴线42附近,留下顶片24暴露的中心部分184。Z形折叠的腿箍100a、100b也包括具有设置在其中的弹性元件108的外折叠106a、106b。在使用期间,弹性元件108使腿箍远离顶片24,偏向穿者着的皮肤。
以下公开的湿感元件的实施方案在与穿着者的皮肤保持紧密接触时有效地完成了任务。为了确保在使用期间与穿着者的皮肤产生接触,湿感元件面向身体部分可包括一种局部粘合剂或身体粘合组合物,其作用是使湿感元件在使用期间保持在适当的位置。局部粘合剂可被施用到湿感元件的至少一部分面向身体表面上。然而,身体粘合组合物也可与组成湿感元件面向身体层的材料结合成一体。此外,身体粘合组合物可被以任何图案或构型,包括但不限于线条、条纹、圆点等等,设置在接触穿着者皮肤的湿感元件的任何部分上。
身体粘合组合物的类型可包括一种或多种能够可释放地粘合于穿着者皮肤的物质。此外,身体粘合组合物可以是凝胶、乳剂、薄膜或网状等形式。适宜的身体粘合组合物包括如下所述的粘合剂、明胶、凡士林、蜡(如聚硅氧烷或石蜡)、油(如硅氧烷或石油基的油)、皮肤护理组合物或其成分等。适宜的局部粘合剂包括,但不限于,水凝胶或水状胶质粘合剂,如丙烯酸基聚合物类粘合剂等。(一些水凝胶和/或水状胶质粘合剂的实施例公开于美国专利4,231,369;4,593,053;4,699,146;4,738,257;和5,726,250中;每一篇均引入本文以供参考)。局部粘合剂还可以包括任何“医用粘合剂”,它们在适宜时与生物组织,如皮肤相容。适于作为身体粘合组合物使用的丙烯酸类医用粘合剂包括可购自Adhesive Research,Inc.,Glen Rock,PA的名称为MA-46、MA-312、“MTTM”High MVTR粘合剂和AS-17的粘合剂。橡胶基医用粘合剂,如购自Adhesive Research Inc.的SB-2也是适宜的。其它粘合剂的实施例包括购自Dow Corning,Midland,MI的Dow Corning MedicalAdhesive(Type B);购自Hollister Inc.,Libertyville,IL的“MEDICALADHESIVE”;购自3M Corp.,St.Paul,MN的3M Spray Adhesives#79、76、77和90;以及购自Ferndale Laboratories of Ferndale,MI的“MATISOL”液体粘合剂。其它医用粘合剂记述于美国专利4,078,568;4,140,115;4,192,785;4,393,080;4,505,976;4,551,490;4,768,503中;聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯水凝胶粘合剂公开于美国专利5,614,586和5,674,275;每一篇专利的公开内容均引入本文以供参考。包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和多功能的含胺聚合物的另一种粘合剂的实施例公开于WO 94/13235A1。(这些参考文献的每一篇均引入本文以供参考)。可用于代替上述方法或除上述方法以外可以使用的另一种身体粘合手段包括静电、吸滤等。在任何情况下,优选身体粘合组合物允许蒸汽通过(即,透气的)、与皮肤相容并且另外是对皮肤友好的。此外,优选身体粘合剂至少是部分疏水性的,优选60%,更优选80%重量的粘合剂由疏水性组分组成。但在本发明的某些实施方案中,也可考虑亲水性粘合剂。
虽然已经举例说明和描述了本发明的特定实施方案和/或个体特征,但是对于本领域的普通专业技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下显然可以进行各种其它变化与改进。此外,应该清楚这些实施方案和特征的所有组合均是可能的,并可导致本发明的优选实施方案。因此,附录的权利要求书旨在包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和改进。

Claims (10)

1.一次性吸收制品,其具有纵向轴线、第一腰区、第二腰区和插入第一腰区和第二腰区之间的裆区,所述一次性制品包括:
底片;
可渗透顶片,所述顶片连接到所述底片上并具有面向身体的上表面和具有下表面;
吸收芯,所述吸收芯设置在所述底片和所述顶片中间;和
多个湿感元件,其设置成与该纵向轴线间隔开,其中所述湿感元件包括可渗透层和插入所述可渗透层和所述吸收芯之间的不可渗透层,其中沉积在所述湿感元件上的尿液可在z向上穿过所述可渗透层到达所述不可渗透层并且其中所述不可渗透层防止尿液在所述z向上完全通过所述湿感元件并承受尿液在x-y平面上的移动,从而增强穿着者对已经排尿的意识。
2.如权利要求1所述的一次性吸收制品,其中可渗透层由所述顶片形成。
3.如权利要求1所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述多个湿感元件彼此分离,间距范围为5mm至15mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述湿感元件的不可渗透层被弹性地缩短。
5.如权利要求1所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述顶片被弹性地缩短。
6.如权利要求5所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述弹性缩短的顶片包括沿所述纵向轴线设置的对准穿着者肛门的细长窄开口,其用于接受和隔离粪便并且其中所述不可渗透层是液体不可渗透的并且是蒸气可渗透的。
7.如权利要求1所述一次性吸收制品,其中所述可渗透顶片包括两个平行于所述纵向轴线的Z形折叠,并且其中所述不可渗透层设置在所述两个Z形折叠内部。
8.如权利要求7所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述两个Z形折叠被分开,间距范围为50mm至90mm。
9.如权利要求7所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述两个Z形折叠还包括两个沿所述两个不可渗透层设置的弹性元件。
10.如权利要求7所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述两个Z形折叠还包括第一末端、与第一末端相对的第二末端和设置在第一末端和第二末端之间的中心,其中所述两个Z形折叠的每一个的所述第一末端、第二末端和中心分别被离散地连接到在所述第一腰区、所述第二腰区和所述裆区中的所述顶片的面向身体表面上。
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KR20040055816A (ko) 2004-06-29
EP1453455B1 (en) 2011-12-21
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CN1589129A (zh) 2005-03-02
HUP0402601A2 (hu) 2005-04-28
EP1453455A1 (en) 2004-09-08
WO2003045298A1 (en) 2003-06-05
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CA2467968C (en) 2009-04-14
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US20030199845A1 (en) 2003-10-23
US6627786B2 (en) 2003-09-30
CN100592901C (zh) 2010-03-03
ATE537800T1 (de) 2012-01-15
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