CN1279641A - 强化塑料托架 - Google Patents

强化塑料托架 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1279641A
CN1279641A CN98811319A CN98811319A CN1279641A CN 1279641 A CN1279641 A CN 1279641A CN 98811319 A CN98811319 A CN 98811319A CN 98811319 A CN98811319 A CN 98811319A CN 1279641 A CN1279641 A CN 1279641A
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groove
reinforced plastic
plate
plastic pallets
reinforced
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詹姆斯·法瓦龙
罗伯特·丰克
布鲁斯·塞特格伦
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EPC LOUDON Inc
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EPC LOUDON Inc
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Abstract

公开了一种强化塑料托架(10),托架(10)的特征在于它由上板(12)、下板(14)和强化元件(62)构成。强化元件(62)保持在下板(14)中呈这样一种状态,在这种状态下强化元件(62)和板(14)间允许相对运动。

Description

强化塑料托架
                      发明领域
本发明在总体上涉及用于存放和输送货物的托架，更具体地说，涉及强化塑料托架，其中，加强件非刚性地固定在托架体上。
                      发明背景
使用托架输送和存放货物是众所周知的。放在托架上的货物通常保持就位于地板之上，以便用叉式装载设备搬运，即借助于将叉式装载机的叉插入在托架上制出的沟槽，或使叉与托架顶板下表面相连接。
托架传统上是用木材制造。然而，木制托架有许多缺点。例如，会破损，因此只能在短期内重复使用。木质托架还难于保持清洁状态，因此限制了其在对清洁度要求高的应用场合使用，例如在食品储运中的应用。
在过去的几十年内，随着塑料工业的发展，已对大量塑料进行研究，以确定其对于制造托架的适应性。塑料托架可容易地模制而成，比木制托架强度更高而重量更轻。它还可用能重复利用的材料制成。此外，塑料托架比木制托架更耐用。
尽管有这些优点，塑料托架的应用只局限于有限的程度。虽然塑料托架迄今已通常是耐用的，已可在长时期重复使用，已可容易地保持清洁状态，但它存在通常比木制托架更昂贵的缺点。生产成本反映在塑料托架的成本上，塑料托架的成本大大高于可比木制托架的主要原因在于，塑料托架需要给定数量价格较昂贵的塑料，以满足所要求的托架强度。
塑料托架的另一个重要问题是有效载荷在塑料托架上滑动的倾向，和托架相对于叉车叉或相对于输送表面(即输送车辆的平台面)的滑动倾向。显然，如果有效载荷在塑料托架上滑动，或如果托架相对于叉车叉或输送表面有滑动倾向，塑料托架的商业应用将受到限制。
基于上述观点，存在着对于一种基于高强度重量比、能降低制造成本、和具有防滑设计的塑料托架的需求。在此所介绍的装置就是针对这种需求的。
                      发明概述
从广意上讲，本发明涉及一种经过改进的塑料托架。具体讲，本发明涉及一种强化塑料托架，该托架具有用塑料制成的上板。上板具有：上表面；下表面；前边；后边，该后边本质上平行于前边；第一和第二侧边，该两侧边本质上彼此平行。上板还包括数个支腿，从上板的下表面本质上垂直向下延伸。此外托架包括用塑料制成的下板。下板具有：上表面；下表面；前边；后边，该后边本质上平行于前边；第一和第二侧边，该两侧边本质上彼此平行。
下板还包括数个沟槽，在上表面上制出。沟槽设置成允许沟槽与设置在沟槽中的强化元件间可有相对运动。在一实施例中，沟槽可任选地设置数个保持部以保持强化元件。由于在沟槽和气强化元件间允许相对运动，托架允许不同程度的热膨胀和收缩，或可能在构成板的材料和构成强化元件的材料间的其它相对运动。如上所述，强化元件可能被保持部保持在沟槽内，该保持部从沟槽壁延伸进入沟槽空间。这些保持部最好轮流沿沟槽的两侧交错设置。在一实施例中，沟槽设置在下板上表面的周边处。还设有附加沟槽，该沟槽从每一周边处的沟槽中点向板的中心延伸。
强化元件最好是由玻璃纤维强化塑料用拉挤(pultrusion)工艺制成的复合结构元件。强化元件可能具有各种外形，然而，推荐为具有I形截面的杆。
                      对附图的简要说明
本发明的这样和那样特征和优点，当结合附图阅读下列对某些推荐实施例的的详细说明后，将有更全面的了解，其中：
图1为本发明托架的顶轴侧图；
图2为本发明托架的底轴侧图；
图3为本发明托架上板的顶轴侧图；
图4为本发明托架下板的顶轴侧图；
图5为本发明托架下板的顶视图；
图6为本发明托架所用强化元件一部分的轴侧图；
图7为表示保持在本发明托架下板沟槽内的一个强化元件的横截面示意图；
图8为表示插入本发明托架上板一部分的一防滑插柱的示意图；
图9为表示插入本发明托架一部分的射频识别卡的示意图；
图10为本发明托架下板第二实施例的顶视图；
图中相同标号在各视图中代表相同的部分。
                   本发明的详细说明
本发明涉及一种强化塑料托架，其实施例之一在图1中示出。图1为托架10的顶轴侧图，该托架包括上板12和下板14。上板通常为矩形模制塑料体，由支腿16支承，该支腿从上板12的下表面本质上沿垂直方向向下延伸。在一推荐实施例中，设有九条支腿；上板的四角各设一条，上板每边的中点处各设一条，上板的中心处设有一条。应当理解，本发明无意将支腿的具体数量和位置限制在此处所述之数量与位置。
上板的顶面18设有数个开口20。开口20用于为放在板上货物设置排水道，并同时有助于使托架的整个重量最小。顶面18还设有数个防滑插入柱开口22，可用高摩擦材料插入其中。正如在后面将详细讨论的，防滑插入柱用于防止储存在托架上的货物滑动，也避免托架相对于运输装置诸如叉车的叉产生滑动。
正如在图1中可看见的，托架还包括大量输送开口24，该开口由相邻支腿和上下板间的空间所限定。中心输送开口的尺寸和位置，设计成使其与广泛的叉车和其它输送上板相容。
图2为图1所示托架10底轴侧图。每一托架的九条支腿16在图2中均可看见，还设有大量的支承筋，以保证结构强度而使其重量最轻。此外，图2允许看见沉窝28的背面。沉窝28设置在下板14上，其尺寸和位置设计成可容纳从上板12延伸的支腿16。下板还设有卡槽32，该卡槽设置在两对角处的支腿上，各种托架识别装置可插入该卡槽中。在一实施例中，使用射频识别卡可迅速方便地识别托架及其存放的货物。
如上所述，本发明之托架包括三主要组成部分：上板、下板和强化元件。上板12与其它组成部分分离，如图3所示。在图3中，上板的顶面18和支腿16中的五条可容易地看见。每一支腿包括槽35以适应设置在上下板之间的强化元件。关于强化元件的设置特点及其与上下板之间的关系将在下面讨论。
在一实施例中，顶面18的尺寸大约为48英寸×40英寸，所限定的表面为1920平方英寸。自然，需要指出，本发明无意将托架限制在上述尺寸范围内。上板最好用高密度聚乙烯模制而成。之所以推荐此种材料是因为其具有较好的强度和重量特性。为在此容易定义，上板的各边分别标注为：前边34；后边36，本质上平行于前边，在前边的背面；本质上彼此平行的侧边38。每一侧边38本质上垂直于前边34和后边36延伸。
托架10的下板14如图4和5所示。图4为下板的轴侧图，图5为顶视图。下板14具有与上板类似的尺寸，且最好用同样材料制成。同样，下板包括：前边40；后边42，本质上平行于前边，在前边的背面；本质上彼此平行的侧边44。每一侧边44本质上垂直于前边40和后边42延伸。下板包括沉窝28，沉窝的尺寸和位置设计成用以容纳从上板向下延伸的支腿16。类似于支腿16，最好设置九个沉窝；在下板的四角每角设一个，下板每边大约中点处各设置一个，下板的中央设一个。
此外，正如在图5中所清楚地看出的，下板14设有沟槽46，强化元件保持在该沟槽中。具体说，下板包括：前沟槽48，本质上平行于前边40延伸；后沟槽50，本质上平行于后边42延伸；侧沟槽52，每一侧沟槽本质上平行于侧边40延伸。此外，下板设有：一水平沟槽即中央沟槽54，该沟槽本质上从侧沟槽的中点，穿过下板14的中心处的沉窝28延伸；一下垂直沟槽56，本质上从前沟槽48的中点延伸至水平沟槽54；和上垂直沟槽58，本质上从前沟槽48的中点延伸至水平沟槽54。上下垂直沟槽可以称为“次中心(sub-central)”沟槽。水平沟槽54本质上平行于前沟槽48和后沟槽50，下垂直沟槽56和上垂直沟槽58本质上平行于侧沟槽52。
也必须指出，本发明无意严格限制为这样一种布局，其中水平沟槽穿过中心延伸，而上下沟槽只延伸至中心。相反，可设置成在板的前后边之间延伸的垂直沟槽可与左水平和右水平沟槽相结合，该水平沟槽分别从相应的侧边延伸至中心。在此为了定义的目的，在两边之间延伸并穿过下板中心的沟槽称为中心沟槽，而从相应边至下板中心的沟槽称为次中心沟槽。
任选的每一沟槽可沿其长度在若干点设置若干保持部60。每一保持部60延伸进入沟槽内并用以提供一干涉区，该干涉区将避免强化元件向上离开沟槽。不过，保持部60设置成允许强化元件在沟槽内具有某种程度的横向运动，因此，如果板的材料所经受的运动范围与强化元件所经受的不同，可避免可能发生的应力。例如，板所产生的热膨胀大于强化元件的热膨胀，由于强化元件不是刚性地固定在板上，这些热致应力可以避免或减轻。
保持部60在沟槽内最好交错设置，如图5所示。在一实施例中，每一保持部大约2英寸长，而每一沉窝间的沟槽段设置四个保持部，沟槽的每侧各设两个。自然，可使用不同尺寸的保持部，保持部不必交错设置而是相面对地跨过每一沟槽。
图6所示为一段强化元件62。强化元件62推荐具有I形横截面64，虽然其它横截面也可以想像。强化元件由复合材料制成，例如由玻璃纤维强化热固塑料，用一种拉挤工艺制造。拉挤工艺是众所周知并已有介绍，例如在a)Creative Pultrusion，Inc.的设计指南“Intoduction toPultrusion”中的1.1-1.6页，该书1990年10月出版，和b)MorrisonMolded Fiberglass公司的产品文献“Dura Grid Customer FiberglassGrids and Gratings”的1-7，9页，该文献1995年10月发表，这两种文献均被在此作为参考。最好复合件是用被玻璃编织物缠绕的直玻璃纤维束，在拉挤过程中与环氧树脂相结合。在此过程中，基本材料即玻璃纤维束被从一液态树脂浴槽中拉过，然后进入一加热的成形模，在成形模中树脂固化。结果制成一截面形状为模具型腔形状的固体制件。
所制成的强化杆保证比过去已经采用的强化元件诸如钢、铝或木材制成的结构元件具有明显的优点，因为它提供了经过改进的强度重量比、抗腐蚀、可匹配的热膨胀率和低的弯曲模量，低弯曲模量允许本发明强化元件如果由于超载而变形，卸载后可恢复原状而不变形。
设置在沟槽内的强化元件的横截面视图如图7所示。在图7中，强化元件62已经定位于下板14的沟槽46中，上板的一支腿16已经插入下板14中相应的沉窝28中。如图所示，一保持部60与强化元件62的I形横截面64在区域66连接。从图可以指出，尽管强化元件62向上运动借助于保持部60的干涉而得以避免，强化元件的横向运动(即强化元件沿垂直于纸面方向上的运动)仍然存在，强化元件62和支腿16间的干涉，借助于已经设置在支腿中的槽35得以避免。这些槽35(在图3中看得最清楚)在支腿上提供一开口，随着支腿经过沉窝28，该支腿与沟槽46相协作，允许支腿定位沉窝，而随着强化元件经过沉窝时，该强化元件定位于沟槽。
如上所述，任选面对的保持部60最好沿沟槽长度交错设置。这种交错设置的保持部60’如图7所示。图的含义在于保持部60’位于用交叉截面线表示的下板14和强化元件62平面的后面。
本发明托架的装配，是通过将各强化元件定位于下板中相应的沟槽内，然后将上板定位在下板上，从而使支腿容纳在其相应的沉窝内。下板和上板然后可用现有技术中众所周知的众多方法之任一方法紧固在一起。例如，可用螺钉连接在一起，可用粘接剂连接，或用已知焊接塑料的各种方法之任一方法连接。在一实施例中，推荐使用声波焊接。
托架的上板12已经设有数个防滑开口22。每一这种开口本质上为圆形，并贯穿上板延伸。这些开口已经设置成允许防滑插柱设置在托架上，如图8所示。在图8中，示出了一防滑插柱开口22具有一插入的防滑插柱68。开口22包括：凹台70，设置在开口的上部；保持环72，设置在开口的下部。防滑插柱本质上为圆柱元件，该元件具有顶部74、上凸盘76、锥体部78、下凸盘80和底部82。防滑插柱68是用有弹性的高摩擦材料例如橡胶或类似材料制成。插柱68插入防滑插柱开口22，直至下凸盘80与保持环72连接。插柱的尺寸设计成下凸盘与保持环连接时，上凸盘76将与凸台70接触。此外，插柱68的尺寸设计成顶部74延伸出上板顶面一小段距离，而底部82延伸出上板底面一小段距离。于是顶部74处于防止存放在托架上的货物滑动的位置，底部82处于防止托架相对于输送装置例如叉车的叉滑动的位置。防滑开口22和插柱68在上板上的设置，使使用输送开口24的任一标准输送装置将接触防滑插入柱68底部82，并从而保证其优点。
如上所述、本发明的托架可设置射频识别卡。一实施例示出于图9。在图9中，下板14的一沉窝28已设有卡容纳壁84，该容纳壁设置在邻近卡槽32处。容纳壁从槽的长边本质上垂直向上延伸，并用以支承一已经插入槽中的射频识别卡86。从上板12向下延伸的支腿16包围并保护识别卡86不致损坏。通过设置这种识别卡，托架及所存放物品可快捷方便地通过手工或自动识别。如上所述，推荐托架设置两个识别卡，在两对角各设一个。这样，例如一个卡设置在坐前角，另一个卡设置在右后角。这样，一卡将经常位于面对检测装置的边的左端的角，无论托架是从标有前面或标有后面的部分接近。此外，最好这种卡与边成一角度设置而不平行于该边。这样作，识别卡是以其平面的某部分而不是仅仅一条边直接朝向检测器，无论检测器是沿托架的前边或侧边设置。在一实施例中，此卡旋转以使卡的平面相对于托架的前边形成大约370度的角度。
如上所述，使用保持部60将强化元件62保持在沟槽46内是任选的。因此，在一实施例中，如图10所示，没有保持部。图10说明托架的一下板14’与图4和5所示本质上相同，除了图10所示的下板14’没有保持部。类似于图4和5，下板14’包括：前边40；后边42，在前边的背面，本质上平行于前边；本质上平行的侧边44。每一侧边44本质上垂直于前边40和后边42延伸。下板包括沉窝28，该沉窝的尺寸和位置设计成容纳支腿16，该支腿从上板向下延伸。类似于支腿16，最好设置九个沉窝28；下板四角各设一个，下板每边的大约中点处各设一个，下板中心设置一个。
此外，下板14’设有沟槽46，在沟槽中设置强化元件。具体说，下板14’包括：前沟槽48，本质上平行于前边40延伸；后沟槽50，本质上平行于后边42延伸；侧沟槽52，本质上平行于侧边44延伸。此外，下板设有水平即中心沟槽54，本质上从侧沟槽的中点穿过下板14’的中央沉窝28延伸，还设有一下垂直沟槽56，本质上从前沟槽48的中点延伸至水平沟槽54，和一上垂直沟槽58，本质上从前沟槽48的中点延伸至水平沟槽54。上下垂直沟槽也可称作“次中心”沟槽。水平沟槽54本质上平行于前沟槽48和后沟槽50，而下垂直沟槽56和上垂直沟槽58本质上平行于侧沟槽52。
如图4和5所示下板14的情况，本发明无意严格限制在一种设置，其中，水平沟槽穿过中心延伸而上下垂直沟槽只延伸至中心。相反，一在板的前边和后边之间延伸的沟槽，可与一左水平沟槽和一右水平沟槽相结合，该水平沟槽从其相应的侧边的中点延伸。
由于图10的下板14’不包括单独的保持部，当用其制造托架时，强化元件62，借助于沟槽46的壁和从上板12向下延伸的支腿16上制出的槽35保持就位。具体说，强化元件变成被夹持在上下板之间支腿处，因此保持在托架结构中。值得注意的是，虽然强化元件被保持住，它仍然相对于上下板具有某种程度运动的自由度。这种特性在最大限度减小托架损坏的可能性是所希望的，这种损坏在如果制造板的材料和制造强化元件的材料经受不同程度的运动时可能发生，例如当经受温度变化时将产生不同程度的膨胀或收缩。例如，如果托架重复暴露在引起托架膨胀的温度中，和如果强化元件安装在下板上时，不允许下板和强化元件间有相对运动，不同程度的热膨胀可能产生应力，这种应力可能损坏或削弱托架。反之，如果在下板和强化元件间允许相对运动，这种应力会最小或被消除，因此，托架发生损坏的可能最小。
                      等同替换
在不超出本发明范围和精神下，本发明的各种更改和变形方案对于本领域技术人员也变得一目了然。与此类似，虽然本发明在塑料托架的范围已经作了说明，术语“托架”意味着包含垫板、托盘或其它材料输送和支承装置。应当理解，本发明无意不适当地被所述实施例和在此所提出的例子所限制，这些例子和实施例仅仅作为举例介绍，本发明的范围和精神只由所附权利要求所限定。

Claims (17)

1．一种强化塑料托架，包括：
a)上板，由塑料制成，上板具有：上表面；下表面；前边；后边，本质上平行于前边；第一和第二侧边，本质上彼此平行；和数个支腿，从下表面本质上垂直向下延伸；
b)下板，由塑料制成，下板具有：上表面；下表面；前边；后边；本质上平行于前边；第一和第二侧边，本质上彼此平行；和数个沉窝，沉窝的尺寸和位置设计成与从上板延伸的支腿匹配；下板还包括数个沟槽，在下板的上表面制出；
c)数个强化元件；
其中，每一沟槽适于容纳一强化元件处于一种状态，在这种状态，允许至少一强化元件可相对于上下板运动。
2．如权利要求1所述强化塑料托架，其中，每一强化元件包括一种玻璃纤维强化塑料制成的复合结构元件。
3．如权利要求2所述强化塑料托架，其中，强化元件S用拉挤工艺制成。
4．如权利要求1所述强化塑料托架，其中，每一强化元件具有I形横截面。
5．如权利要求1所述强化塑料托架，其中，沟槽设置成本质上邻近下板的前、后和侧边。
6．如权利要求5所述强化塑料托架，该托架还包括一中央沟槽，该沟槽本质上垂直于在前边和后边处的沟槽而在其间延伸，并穿过板的中心。
7．如权利要求6所述强化塑料托架，该托架还包括两次中心沟槽，每一沟槽本质上垂直于在第一和第二侧边处的沟槽而在其间延伸，并朝向板的中心。
8．如权利要求5所述强化塑料托架，该托架还包括一中央沟槽，该沟槽本质上垂直于在第一和第二侧边处的沟槽而在其间延伸，并穿过板的中心。
9．如权利要求8所述强化塑料托架，该托架还包括两次中心沟槽，每一沟槽本质上垂直于在前边和后边处的沟槽而在其间延伸，并朝向板的中心。
10．如权利要求1所述强化塑料托架，其中，上板借助于螺栓、焊接或粘接紧固在下板上。
11．如权利要求1所述强化塑料托架，其中，上板设置数个防滑插柱，该插柱在上板的上下表面间延伸。
12．如权利要求11所述强化塑料托架，其中，防滑插柱用橡胶制成。
13．如权利要求1所述强化塑料托架，其中，上板包括九条支腿，在每一角设有一条，向下延伸，在每一边的中点设有一条，向下延伸，在板的中心设有一条，向下延伸。
14．如权利要求13所述强化塑料托架，其中，下板包括九个支腿沉窝，在每一角设有一沉窝，在每一边中点设有一沉窝，在板的中心设有一沉窝。
15．如权利要求1所述强化塑料托架，其中，至少一沟槽包括数个保持部以保持强化元件呈这样一种状态，在这种状态允许沟槽和强化元件有相对运动，保持部交替沿沟槽的两侧交错设置。
16．如权利要求1所述强化塑料托架，其中，每一沟槽包括数个保持部以保持强化元件呈这样一种状态，在这种状态允许沟槽和强化元件有相对运动，保持部交替沿沟槽的两侧交错设置。
17．如权利要求1所述强化塑料托架，其中，每一沉窝设有一排水口。
CN98811319A 1997-10-07 1998-10-07 强化塑料托架 Pending CN1279641A (zh)

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US6199488B1 (en) 2001-03-13
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EP1021346B1 (en) 2002-07-31

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