CN1279829A - 一种高压电缆终端 - Google Patents

一种高压电缆终端 Download PDF

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CN1279829A
CN1279829A CN98811512A CN98811512A CN1279829A CN 1279829 A CN1279829 A CN 1279829A CN 98811512 A CN98811512 A CN 98811512A CN 98811512 A CN98811512 A CN 98811512A CN 1279829 A CN1279829 A CN 1279829A
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terminal
cable
pipe
pipe unit
electric installation
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M·莱永
C·萨瑟
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/34—Cable fittings for cryogenic cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/20—Cable fittings for cables filled with or surrounded by gas or oil
    • H02G15/22—Cable terminations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/68—Connections to or between superconductive connectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/884—Conductor
    • Y10S505/885—Cooling, or feeding, circulating, or distributing fluid; in superconductive apparatus
    • Y10S505/886—Cable

Abstract

一种高压电缆终端(1),其包括一个电流引线(3);一段电缆(2),它有内部的第一管装置(5)和围绕着第一管装置设置的外部的导电装置,例如超导装置,在低温下改善了此导电装置的导电性能,用流过第一管装置(5)的低温流体把此导电装置冷却到低温;连接装置(4),它把电流引线(3)的一端在电缆的一端在第一管装置(5)的一端或邻近其一端连接到导电装置上;以及第二管装置(10),它在连接装置(4)处或邻近连接装置(4)处与第一管装置(5)连通,用来把低温流体传输到第一管装置(5)或由第一管装置(5)传输低温流体。把第一和第二管装置(5、10)设置成使得在使用时,没有任何被管传输的低温流体与导电装置或在连接装置(4)处的电流引线(3)接触。本发明也涉及有这样的终端的电气设备,例如高压电感装置。

Description

一种高压电缆终端
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高压电缆终端，用来把低温高压设备连接到室温高压线路上。具体地，但不是排它地，本发明涉及超导电缆终端，比如用于高温(高Tc)超导电缆。本发明也涉及设有这样的终端的电缆和设有这样的终端的电气装置，比如变压器或发电机。该电缆终端力图能够处理非常高的运行电压，例如高至800KV，或更高。
背景技术
用于超导电缆的终端有两个主要功能。第一，需要在该终端之后把在超导电缆中的高强度径向电场转换成轴向电场。第二，需要该终端能够提供室温与低温之间的过渡。第三个要求是设计该终端用于高电压。
在T．Shimnonosono，T．Masuda和S．Isojima在IEEE Transactionon Power Delivery，Vo1．12，No．1，1997年1月题为″用于77KV级高Tc超导电缆的终端的开发″的文章中描述了关于用于高Tc超导(下面把它称为HTS)电缆的终端的开发工作。这种已知类型的终端的主要缺点是，这种终端使用液氮既做为冷却剂，又做为介电体。由于热的注入和焦耳热产生氮气泡，相信这些氮气泡会造成在功率提高时该终端的电流引线的断裂。
本发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于低温冷却的电缆的终端，它克服了与已知终端有关的断裂问题。
本发明的另一个目的是不用液氮作该终端的电绝缘。
按照本发明的一方面，提供了一种高压电缆终端，它包括：
一个电流引线；
一段电缆，它有内部的第一管装置和围绕着第一管装置设置的外部的导电装置，在低温下改善了此导电装置的导电性能，用流过第一管装置的低温流体把此导电装置冷却到低温；
连接装置，它把电流引线的一端在电缆的一端在所述第一管装置的一端或邻近其一端连接到导电装置上；以及
第二管装置，它在所述连接装置处或邻近所述连接装置处与第一管装置连通，用来把低温流体传输到第一管装置或由第一管装置传输低温流体；
把第一和第二管装置设置成使得在使用时，没有任何被所述管传输的低温流体与导电装置或在连接装置处的电流引线接触。
在使用该终端时，通过第一和第二管装置传输的低温流体例如液氮仅只用做导电装置的冷却介质，而不用做在连接装置处的电绝缘介质。因此，可以使用一种不同的介质提供导电装置和连接装置处的电流引线的电绝缘。
在最实际的应用中，导电装置有超导性能。然而，本发明不限于有超导性能的导电装置，而企图包括任何导电装置，它的导电性质在低温下得到改善，例如在低于200 K的温度，最好低于100 K，例如77 K。在有超导性能的导电装置的优选的情况下，导电装置可以包括低温半导电体，但是，最好包括高Tc的超导装置。例如，高Tc的超导装置可以为以银为鞘套的BSCCO线或带，比如BSCCO－2223(其中数字表示在(Bi、Pb)2、Sr2、Ca2、Cu3、Ox分子中每种元素的原子数目)，或BSCCO－2212。已知的HTS带的其它例子为Ti、Ba2、Ca2、Cu3、Ox(TBCCO－1223)和YBa2、Cu3、Ox(YBCO－123)。
电缆适宜于包括一个主要部分，在此部分中导电装置被电绝缘体例如固体的高聚物材料围绕，在电缆使用时，此绝缘体提供了包容在围绕的电绝缘体内的径向电场，一个电缆终端装置与电缆的所述一端分离开，用来在电缆使用时把径向电场转换成基本上轴向的电场，并且，一个端部由电缆终端装置伸展到电缆的所述一端。所述连接装置方便地包括一个高电位的金属电晕屏蔽件，例如通过锡焊把导电引线和导电装置在电路上连接到该屏蔽件上。
最好，围绕导电装置的电绝缘体包括在电路上连接到导电装置上的一个半导电材料内层和围绕着半导体内层的一个电绝缘材料的中间层。电缆的所述主要部分也有一个半导电材料外层，沿其长度把它连接到一个可控电位上，最好连接到地电位上，并包围电绝缘材料的所述中间层。沿着电缆的所述端部的长度没有此半导电材料外层，例如，把它除去，暴露出下面的中间层。
在本文件中，″半导电材料″这个词意谓着导电率明显地比导电体低，但是没有像电绝缘体的导电率那么低的物质。适宜地，但不是排它地，半导电材料的电阻率由1到105ohm．cm，最好由10到500ohm．cm，更可取地为由10到100ohm．cm，典型地为20 ohm．cm。
中间层最好为高聚物材料，比如，例如，低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)、交联材料，比如交联聚乙烯(XLPE)，或橡胶绝缘体，比如乙烯丙烯橡胶(EPR)或硅橡胶。半导电层由类似的高聚物材料制成，但是带有嵌入其中的高导电颗粒，例如碳黑或金属颗粒。在美国专利US－A－4785138中公开了用于绝缘层和半导电层的材料的示例。
最好，一串在轴向上设置的环形绝缘件例如由瓷、玻璃、高聚物材料或橡胶如硅橡胶或EPR制成的绝缘件，围绕着电缆的所述端部，并在电缆终端装置与连接装置之间伸展。这些环形绝缘件防止沿着电缆的端部的电绝缘体的外侧漏电。
在终端的第一种设计中，围绕着第一管装置设置超导装置，但不围绕第二管装置设置超导装置，此第二管装置把第一管装置连接到低温流体冷却设备上。可以使第二管装置在连接装置处直接离开终端。然而，第二管装置可以另外位于沿着或围绕着超导装置的外侧，从而由连接装置往回伸展，在离开终端之前，朝向在那串环形绝缘件里面的电缆终端装置。在这种情况下，第二管装置最好围绕着包围第一管装置的那层超导装置缠绕。最好，在第二管装置与围绕的那串环形绝缘件之间设有固体的热绝缘体，例如电场应力小于或等于0．2kV／mm的高聚物材料。第二管装置的离开终端的那部分最好被热绝缘体围绕着。
按照终端的第二种设计，第一和第二管装置包括电缆的中心冷却剂管道件的冷却剂供应和返回管道，导电装置例如超导装置以带或线的形式螺旋地围绕该中心管道件缠绕。因此，导电装置围绕着第一和第二管装置缠绕。可以在内部把中心冷却剂管道件分开，提供所述第一和第二管装置，在第一管装置的所述一端使第一管装置与第二管装置彼此连通。在它的最简单的形式中，用一个直径隔开壁实现中心冷却剂管道件的内部分开。然而，为了改善热效率并确保在所有方向上弯曲，管道件和／或内部的隔开壁可以是螺旋缠绕的。作为在内部把中心的冷却剂管道件分开的替代方案，可以把中心冷却剂管道件做成单一的管，它在把所述第一和第二管装置连接起来的连接装置处有一个返回的弯曲部分，第一和第二管装置用来在相反的方向上在电缆的内部传送低温流体。
按照本发明的另外的方面，提供了设有按照本发明的所述方面的终端的电缆和电气设备。
附图的简要描述
现在将仅只以示例的方式具体地参考附图描述本发明的实施例，在附图中：
图1为按照本发明的电缆终端的一个实施例的部分剖开的示意性透视图；
图2为按照本发明的电缆终端的另一个实施例的部分剖开的示意性透视图；
图3为按照本发明的电缆终端的又一个实施例的部分剖开的示意图；以及
图4为图3所示的终端的一部分的放大的细节图。
优选实施例的详细描述
图1示出了一种超导高压电缆终端，它整体地用标记1表示，用作高Tc超导电缆(或HTS电缆)2的终端。除了电缆2以外，该终端1包括一根电流引线3，例如连接到头顶电线(未画出)的一个高压金属接头，以及一个形式为金属圆环的电晕屏蔽件4，例如通过锡焊使HTS电缆2和电引线3在电路上连接到该屏蔽件上。电晕屏蔽件4有内部和／或外部的热绝缘(未画出)。
HTS电缆2适宜于包括一个位于中心的支撑件或第一管5，超导线或带(未画出)例如以银为鞘套的BSCCO线或带螺旋缠绕在该管上。围绕着螺旋缠绕的带沿着电缆2的主要部分设有，例如通过挤压成形电绝缘体7，直到电缆终端锥体或终端装置8。此电绝缘体7适宜于包括内层和外层的半导电材料和位于半导电材料层之间的一层中间层的电绝缘材料。适宜地，但不是排它地，此半导电材料的体积电阻率将为由1到105ohm．cm，最好为由10到500ohm．cm，更可取地为由10到100ohm．cm，例如20ohm．cm。绝缘层方便地包括固体的高聚物材料，这种材料的例子为低密度和高密度聚乙烯(LDPE和HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚丁烯(PB)、聚甲基戊烯(PMP)、丙烯酸乙烯酯共聚物、交联材料，比如交联聚乙烯(XLPE)，或橡胶绝缘体，比如乙烯丙烯橡胶(EPR)或硅橡胶。半导电层由类似的高聚物材料形成，但是带有嵌在其中的高导电性的颗粒，例如碳黑或碳炱。在美国专利US－A－4785138中公开了用于绝缘层和半导电层的材料的典型的例子。
电绝缘体的半导电内层在电路上与超导线或带连接起来。半导电外层连接到一个可控的电位上，最好连接到地电位上。从而被HTS电缆2产生的电场在径向上被包含在电绝缘体7内。方便地，把半导电外层沿着它的长度在分离开的区域在电路上连接到可控的电位上。
电绝缘体7应该方便地使得在终端内部或外部的任何气体空间内的电场应力小于或等于0．2kV／mm。这将确保围绕着该终端将不会出现放电。
在电缆终端装置8上，把外层的半导电材料由绝缘体7剥离，露出沿着电缆2的端部在电缆终端装置8与电晕屏蔽件4之间的下面的电绝缘材料。围绕着超导带或线的电绝缘体首先由半导电材料的内层和电绝缘材料的围绕的中间层提供，其次由多个环形的电绝缘件9提供，例如瓷绝缘子，把它们设置成一串，用来防止表面漏电。沿着电缆2的所述端部，超导带或线被支撑在第一管5上。
在电缆2的端部，缠绕着第一管5的超导的线或带在电路上连接到电晕屏蔽件4和电引线3上。也把不导电材料的第二管10连接到第一管5上，使得在内部与第一管5连通。可以把第一和第二管整体地形成为单一的管，或者可以是两个分开的连接在一起的管。然而，第二管10没有任何超导的线或带缠绕在其上。在电绝缘材料层与那串绝缘件9之间沿着电缆2的端部把第二管10缠绕回来。围绕着终端装置8缠绕第二管10，并使第二管在标记11由该终端出来，用来连接到一个冷却机器(未画出)上，用于冷却由管5和10传送的低温冷却流体。因此，出口部11处在没有围绕电缆2的电场的一个位置。在另外的实施例(未画出)中，出口位置11可能离开装置8一个短的距离，在装置8与电晕屏蔽件4之间，使得位置11与电晕屏蔽件4的高电位相比可以处于相对较低的电位。管10被在绝缘件9的里面的热绝缘体12缠绕，并被终端1与冷却机器之间的另外的热绝缘体(未画出)缠绕。在图1中示出的热绝缘体12被切开，但是，在实际上热绝缘体12完全缠绕着在电晕屏蔽件4与出口位置11之间的螺旋形的第二管10。
电绝缘体7的外部和电缆终端装置8处于一个可控的电位，最好是地电位，此电位与电晕屏蔽件4的非常高的电位成为对比。那串电绝缘子9防止表面漏电，即，防止电沿着在电晕屏蔽件4与电缆终端装置8之间电缆绝缘体的围绕的表面泄漏。在电缆终端锥体或电缆终端装置8，把围绕超导电缆2的径向电场转换成一个轴向电场。
在图2中示出的电缆终端20在许多方面与在图1中示出的终端1类似，在可能的情况下，在两个图中用相同的标记表示相同或类似的部件。两个终端1和20之间的主要差别在于，终端20的第二管10没有围绕着第一管5往回缠绕，而是在电晕屏蔽件4处离开该终端。如所示出的那样，第二管10在连接到冷却机器(未画出)之前穿过圆环状的电晕屏蔽件伸出。第二管10在电晕屏蔽件4与冷却机器(未画出)之间被热绝缘材料21例如密实的固体塑料围绕，并也被一串电绝缘子22围绕。在电缆终端装置与电晕屏蔽件4之间在围绕超导线或带的电绝缘材料与那串电绝缘件9之间的环形空间中也设有热绝缘体12。
图3和4示出了按照本发明的超导电缆终端的又一实施例，用标号30表示。该电缆终端30在许多方面与终端1和20类似，在可能的情况下，用相同的标记表示相同或类似的部件。终端30与两个终端1和20之间的主要差别在于，在终端30中，HTS电缆2设有两个位于中心的内管部31和32，关于它们缠绕着超导线或带。通过在电缆的端部的返回的弯管部33(见图4)把这些管部31和32连接在一起，在该端部例如通过锡焊把超导带或线连接到电晕屏蔽件4上。管部33可以是连接到管部31和32上的一个分开的管状接头。另外，管部31—33可以是单一的整体的管34的部分，该管仅只在管部33变弯。在其它方面，终端的设计与在图1中所示的终端1类似。
代替围绕着两个内管部31和32缠绕超导线或带，中心的管状支撑件可以包括一根单一的管(未画出)，一个内部的隔开件把它分开，离开管端有一个短的距离，以提供低温流体的供应管道和返回管道，在管端部，供应管道与返回管道彼此连通。通过把支撑管和／或它的内部隔开件的结构做成一个螺旋形结构，可以稍微改善冷却效率，从而沿着一个螺旋形的路径冷却围绕的超导线或带。另外，可以把支撑管设计成一对同心的管，内管用做低温流体的返回管道，把超导线或带缠绕在外管的外面，并在内管与外管之间的环形间隙提供一个低温流体的供应管道。
在上面描述的每个终端1、20和30中，所述及的终端的热绝缘和电绝缘是分开的。特别是，用来把超导装置冷却到超导温度的低温冷却流体仅只用做一种冷却介质，而不另外用于电绝缘的目的。因此，低温流体不用做介电体，与已知的超导电缆终端不同。这样，避免了与围绕电绝缘体产生的氮气泡有关的已知问题。
所描述的HTS电缆可以有任何方便的设计，并不限于在具体的实施例中描述的具体的低温介电设计。因此，例如，HTS电缆可以有所谓室温介电设计，它带有超导装置，通过包容在波纹状金属管之间的热的超绝缘体由电绝缘体外面对此超导装置进行热绝缘。
虽然本发明主要是针对用做带有导电装置的动力电缆的终端的电缆终端，该导电装置有超导性质，在使用时，把它冷却到超导温度，例如用77 K的液氮，但是，本发明也可以包含在直到200 K但最好不高于200 K的低的运行温度已经改善了导电性能的导电装置，这样的装置至少在所述及的低的运行温度可能不具有超导性质。在这些较高的低温下，液体的二氧化碳可以用来冷却导电装置。
这种电缆终端可以用做电气设备中的终端，例如高压电感装置，比如变压器、发电机和能量储存装置，比如SMES装置。
在按照本发明的电缆终端、电缆或电气设备中使用的电绝缘体希望能够处理非常高的电压和在这样的电压下可能出现的电负荷和热负荷。作为一个示例，按照本发明的动力终端可以用做动力变压器的终端，该变压器的标称功率的范围由几百kVA直到高于1000kVA，它的标称电压的范围由3－4kV直到400－800kV的非常高的传送电压。在高的运行电压下，部分放电(或PD)构成对于已知的绝缘系统一个严重的问题。如果在绝缘体中存在空腔和孔隙，可能出现内部的电晕放电，从而使绝缘材料逐渐地变坏，逐渐地导致绝缘的破坏。通过确保绝缘体的内层与内部的导电装置处在基本上相同的电位，并且，绝缘体的外层处在一个可控的电位例如地电位，降低了在按照本发明的终端的电缆的电绝缘体上的电负荷。因此，在内层与外层之间的绝缘材料的中间层中的电场在该中间层的厚度内基本上均匀地分布。还有，由于使材料有类似的热性质，并使在绝缘材料的层中有非常少的缺陷，在给定的运行电压下减少了出现PD的可能性。因此，可以把终端的电缆设计成承受非常高的运行电压，典型地高至800kV或更高。
虽然最好把电绝缘体7挤压到其位置，但是，可以由薄膜状或薄片状的材料的紧密缠绕的重叠的层形成电绝缘系统。可以以这样的方式形成半导电层和电绝缘层。绝缘系统可以由全合成的薄膜制成，该薄膜带有内半导电层或部分和外半导电层或部分，并在这些半导电层或部分之间有一个绝缘层或部分，这些半导电层或部分由高聚物薄膜制成，例如有嵌入的导电颗粒比如碳黑或金属颗粒的PP、PET、LDPE或HDPE。
对于搭接的概念来说，足够薄的薄膜将有比所谓Paschen最小值更小的平接间隙，因此使液体浸透是不必要的。干燥的缠绕的多层薄膜绝缘体也有好的热性质，并可以与作为导电体的超导管相结合，它有冷却剂比如液氮，被泵送通过该管。
电绝缘系统的另一个示例类似于传统的以赛璐珞为基础的电缆，在那种情况下，围绕着一个导电体搭接地缠绕以赛璐珞为基础的材料或合成纸材料或非织造材料。在这种情况下，在绝缘层任何一侧的半导电层可以由赛璐珞纸或由绝缘材料的纤维制成的非织造材料制作，这些纸或非织造材料有嵌入其中的导电颗粒。绝缘层可以由相同的基底材料制成，或者可以使用另一种材料。
通过把薄膜或纤维的绝缘材料结合起来获得绝缘系统的另一个示例，这些绝缘材料或者是层压制品，或者是所谓共搭接的产品。这种绝缘系统的一个示例是商业上可以得到的所谓聚乙烯纸层压制品、PPLP，但是，薄膜和纤维部件的几种另外的结合是可能的。在这些系统中，可以采用多种浸透，比如矿物油或液氮的浸透。

Claims (30)

1．一种高压电缆终端(1)，它包括；
一个电流引线(3)；
一段电缆(2)，它有内部的第一管装置(5)和围绕着第一管装置设置的外部的导电装置，在低温下改善了此导电装置的导电性能，用流过第一管装置(5)的低温流体把此导电装置冷却到低温；
连接装置(4)，它把电流引线(3)的一端在电缆的一端在所述第一管装置(5)的一端或邻近其一端连接到导电装置上；以及
第二管装置(10)，它在所述连接装置(4)处或邻近所述连接装置(4)处与第一管装置(5)连通，用来把低温流体传输到第一管装置(5)或由第一管装置(5)传输低温流体；
把第一和第二管装置(5、10)设置成使得在使用时，没有任何被所述管传输的低温流体与导电装置或在连接装置(4)处的电流引线(3)接触。
2．按照权利要求1中所述的终端，其特征在于，导电装置的导电性质在低于一个运行温度的温度下得到改善，该运行温度不高于200 K，最好不高于100 K，例如77 K，在终端使用时，低温流体把导电装置冷却到所述运行温度。
3．按照权利要求1或2中所述的终端，其特征在于，导电装置有超导性能，其特征还在于，在终端使用时，所述低温流体把导电装置冷却到超导温度。
4．按照权利要求3中所述的终端，其特征在于，导电件为高Tc的超导装置。
5．按照权利要求4中所述的终端，其特征在于，高Tc的超导装置为以银为鞘套的BSCCO线或带。
6．按照上述权利要求中任何一个所述的终端，其特征在于，电缆(2)包括一个主要部分，在此部分中导电装置被电绝缘体(7)围绕，在电缆使用时，这提供了包容在围绕的电绝缘体内的径向电场，一个电缆终端装置(8)与电缆的所述一端分离开，用来在电缆使用时把径向电场转换成基本上轴向的电场，并且，一个端部由电缆终端装置(8)伸展到电缆的所述一端。
7．按照权利要求6中所述的终端，其特征在于，所述连接装置包括一个高电位的金属电晕屏蔽件(4)，例如通过锡焊把导电引线(3)和导电装置在电路上连接到该屏蔽件上。
8．按照权利要求6或7中所述的终端，其特征在于，所述电绝缘体(7)包括在电路上连接到导电装置上的一个半导电材料内层，沿着它的长度连接到一个可控电位例如地电位上的一个半导电外层，以及在所述半导电内层与外层之间的一个电绝缘材料中间层。
9．按照权利要求8中所述的终端，其特征在于，所述半导电材料内层和电绝缘材料的所述中间层也沿着电缆的所述端部围绕着导电装置，但是，所述半导电材料外层不沿着所述端部伸展。
10．按照权利要求8或9中所述的终端，其特征在于，半导电材料的电阻率由1到105ohm．cm，最好由10到500ohm．cm，更可取地为10到100ohm．cm。
11．按照权利要求8、9或10中所述的终端，其特征在于，中间层为高聚物材料。
12．按照权利要求8到11中任何一个所述的终端，其特征在于，每个半导电层由有嵌入其中的高导电颗粒例如碳黑或金属颗粒的高聚物材料制成。
13．按照权利要求11或12中所述的终端，其特征在于，所述高聚物材料包括低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)、交联材料，比如交联聚乙烯(XLPE)，或橡胶绝缘体，比如乙烯丙烯橡胶(EPR)或硅橡胶。
14．按照权利要求6到13中任何一个所述的终端，其特征在于，一串在轴向上设置的环形绝缘件(9)，例如由瓷、玻璃、高聚物材料或橡胶制成的绝缘件，围绕着电缆的所述端部，并在电缆终端装置(8)与连接装置(4)之间伸展。
15．按照权利要求14中所述的终端，其特征在于，沿着电缆的所述端部在围绕的环形绝缘件(9)的径向上的里面设有热绝缘体(12)。
16．按照权利要求6到15中任何一个所述的终端，其特征在于，把所述电绝缘体设计成用于高电压，适宜于超过10kV，特别是超过36kV，并最好高于72．5kV，直到非常高的传输电压，比如400kV到800kV，或更高。
17．按照权利要求6到16中任何一个所述的终端，其特征在于，把所述电绝缘体设计成用于超过0．5MVA的功率范围，最好超过30MVA，直到1000MVA。
18．按照上述权利要求中任何一个所述的终端，其特征在于，使第二管装置(10)在连接装置(4)处直接离开终端。
19．按照权利要求14或15或16或17中任何一个所述的终端，当它取决于权利要求14或15时，其特征在于，第二管装置(10)由连接装置(4)往回伸展，并在(在11处)离开终端之前在那串环形绝缘件(9)的里面伸展。
20．按照权利要求19中所述的终端，其特征在于，第二管装置(10)围绕着第一管装置(5)缠绕。
21．按照权利要求19或20中所述的终端，其特征在于，在第二管装置(10)与围绕的那串环形绝缘件(9)之间设有热绝缘体(12)。
22．按照权利要求18到20中任何一个所述的终端，其特征在于，在离开终端之后，第二管装置(10)被热绝缘体(21)围绕着。
23．按照权利要求22中所述的终端，其特征在于，在离开终端之后，第二管装置(10)被一串环形绝缘件(22)围绕着。
24．按照权利要求1到17中任何一个所述的终端(30)，其特征在于，第一和第二管装置包括电缆(2)的中心冷却剂管道件(34)的冷却剂供应和返回管道(31、32)，导电件以带或线的形式螺旋形地围绕该中心管道件缠绕。
25．按照权利要求24中所述的终端，其特征在于，在内部把中心冷却剂管道件分开，提供所述第一和第二管装置，在第一管装置的所述一端使第一管件与第二管装置彼此连通。
26．按照权利要求25中所述的终端，其特征在于，用一个直径隔开壁实现中心冷却剂管道件的内部分开。
27．按照权利要求25中所述的终端，其特征在于，管道装置和／或内部的隔开壁是螺旋形缠绕的。
28．按照权利要求24中所述的终端，其特征在于，中心冷却剂管道件为单一的管(34)，它在把所述第一和第二管装置(31、32)连接起来的连接装置(36)处带有一个返回的弯曲部分(33)，管装置(31、32)用来在相反的方向上在电缆(2)的内部传送低温流体。
29．设有按照上述权利要求中任何一个所述的终端的电缆。
30．有按照权利要求1到28中任何一个所述的终端的高压电气装置。
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CN1874096B (zh) * 2005-03-17 2010-05-12 尼克桑斯公司 用于超导体元件的电衬套
CN101136265B (zh) * 2006-08-07 2011-08-03 尼克桑斯公司 超导性电缆的终端器
CN102474091A (zh) * 2009-07-10 2012-05-23 Ls电线有限公司 超导电缆的终端结构
CN102474091B (zh) * 2009-07-10 2014-10-08 Ls电线有限公司 超导电缆的终端结构
CN102959805A (zh) * 2010-06-30 2013-03-06 韦尔泰克有限公司 安全装置
CN102959805B (zh) * 2010-06-30 2016-06-08 韦尔泰克有限公司 安全装置
US9444259B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2016-09-13 Welltec A/S Safety device

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GB2331867A (en) 1999-06-02
JP2001525649A (ja) 2001-12-11
GB9725314D0 (en) 1998-01-28
ZA9810937B (en) 1999-05-31
RU2000116638A (ru) 2002-08-10
CA2310010A1 (en) 1999-06-10
GB2331867A9 (en)
US6525265B1 (en) 2003-02-25
WO1999029005A1 (en) 1999-06-10
KR20010024660A (ko) 2001-03-26
EP1034589A1 (en) 2000-09-13

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