CN1288209C - 来自受控分布嵌段共聚物的凝胶 - Google Patents
来自受控分布嵌段共聚物的凝胶 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1288209C CN1288209C CNB03807477XA CN03807477A CN1288209C CN 1288209 C CN1288209 C CN 1288209C CN B03807477X A CNB03807477X A CN B03807477XA CN 03807477 A CN03807477 A CN 03807477A CN 1288209 C CN1288209 C CN 1288209C
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Abstract
本发明涉及从单烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃的新颖阴离子嵌段共聚物制备的凝胶。嵌段共聚物被选择性氢化和具有单烯基芳烃端嵌段及单烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃的受控分布嵌段。嵌段共聚物可以与油和其它组分结合以形成本发明的凝胶。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及从单烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃的新颖阴离子嵌段共聚物制备的凝胶。
技术背景
单烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃嵌段共聚物的制备是公知的。采用苯乙烯和丁二烯制备线性ABA嵌段共聚物的最早专利之一是U.S.Pat.3149182。这些聚合物依次可以氢化以形成更稳定的嵌段共聚物,如在U.S.Pat.3595942和U.S.Re.27145中描述的那些。这样的聚合物宽广地称为苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物或SBC。
SBC长期以来用作粘合剂、密封剂和凝胶。凝胶的近来例子发现于US专利No.5879694。随着油凝胶的增加使用,该油凝胶变成作为蜡烛的流行礼物,需要增加的性能(按照更高拉伸强度和更高伸长率表达)。本发明包括新类别的SBC,其中聚合物制造商可改变橡胶链段的相容性特性,导致改进的油凝胶。例如,这样的凝胶也可以用作电子件中的防水封装剂/密封剂和用于电线和电缆应用。
现在已经发现基于单烯基芳烃端嵌段和单烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃受控分布中间嵌段的新颖阴离子嵌段共聚物和该新颖阴离子嵌段共聚物描述于在先未决,通常受让的U.S.专利申请系列号60/355210,题目为“新颖嵌段共聚物及其制备方法”。制备这样聚合物的方法详细描述于上述专利申请中。专利权人发现这些新聚合物可以制备改进的油凝胶。
发明概述
在本发明的一个方面,我们发现一种新颖油凝胶组合物,该组合物包括100重量份至少一种具有单烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃受控分布嵌段的氢化嵌段共聚物,和350-2000重量份填充油,其中该氢化嵌段共聚物含有至少一个聚合物嵌段A和至少一个聚合物嵌段B,和其中(a.)在氢化之前,每个A嵌段独立地是单烯基芳烃均聚物嵌段和每个B嵌段独立地是至少一种共轭二烯烃和至少一种单烯基芳烃的受控分布共聚物嵌段;(b.)在氢化之后已减少0-10%的芳烃双键,和已减少至少90%的共轭二烯烃双键;(c.)每个A嵌段的数均分子量为3,000-60,000和每个B嵌段的数均分子量为30,000-300,000;(d.)每个B嵌段包括邻近A嵌段、富含共轭二烯烃单元的末端区域和一个或多个不邻近A嵌段、富含单烯基芳烃单元的区域;(e.)氢化嵌段共聚物中单烯基芳烃的总数量是20-80wt%;和(f.)每个B嵌段中单烯基芳烃的重量百分比是10-75%。
嵌段共聚物的通常构型优选是如下一种:A-B、A-B-A、(A-B)n、(A-B)n-A、(A-B-A)nX或(A-B)nX,其中n是2-30,优选2-15,更优选2-6的整数,和X是偶合剂残基。
优选实施方案的详细描述
本发明的关键组分是新颖嵌段共聚物,该共聚物包含单烯基芳烃端嵌段和单烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃的独特中间嵌段。令人惊奇地,(1)单体加入的独特控制和(2)乙醚或其它改性剂作为溶剂组分(它以下称为“分布剂”)的使用的结合导致两种单体(在此称为“受控分布”聚合,导致“受控分布”结构的聚合)的某些特性分布,和也在聚合物嵌段中导致某些单烯基芳烃富集区域和某些共轭二烯烃富集区域的存在。对于在此的目的,“受控分布”定义为表示具有如下属性的分子结构:(1)邻近单烯基芳烃均聚物(“A”)嵌段的末端区域,该区域富含(即含有大于平均数量的)共轭二烯烃单元;(2)一个或多个不邻近A嵌段的区域,该区域富含(即含有大于平均数量的)单烯基芳烃单元;和(3)具有相对低嵌段度的总体结构。对于在此的目的,“富含”定义为大于平均数量,优选大于平均数量5%。此相对低嵌段度可以仅仅由受控分布嵌段中间体的单一玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的存在显示,当使用差示扫描量热法(“DSC”)热方法或通过机械方法分析时,该单一玻璃化转变温度在单独的任一单体的Tg之间,或如通过质子核磁共振(“H-NMR”)方法显示。也可以在B嵌段聚合期间适于聚苯乙烯基锂端基检测的波长范围内,从UV-可见吸光度的测量推断嵌段度的可能性。此数值的急剧和显著增加指示聚苯乙烯基锂链端的显著增加。在此方法中,这仅在共轭二烯烃浓度下降到临界水平以下才发生,以保持受控分布聚合。在此点存在的任何苯乙烯单体以嵌段的形式加入。由本领域技术人员使用质子NMR测量的术语“苯乙烯嵌段度”定义为在聚合物链上含有两个S最近邻接部分的聚合物中S单元的比例。在使用H-1NMR测量两个试验数量之后测量苯乙烯嵌段如下:
首先,通过在7.5-6.2ppm的H-1 NMR光谱中积分总苯乙烯芳族信号和将此数量除以5以解释每个苯乙烯芳族环上的5个芳族氢,测定苯乙烯单元(即当成比例时任意仪器单位被抵消)的总数目。
其次,通过从6.88和6.80之间的信号最小值到6.2ppm的H-1 NMR光谱中积分芳族信号部分和将此数量除以2以解释每个嵌段苯乙烯芳族环上的2个邻位氢,测定嵌段苯乙烯单元。此信号对那些苯乙烯单元的环上两个邻位氢的指定报导于F.A.Bovey,大分子的高分辩率NMR(AcademicPress,纽约和伦敦,1972),第6章,该苯乙烯单元含有两个苯乙烯最近邻接部分。
苯乙烯嵌段度简单地是嵌段苯乙烯对总苯乙烯单元的百分比:
嵌段%=100乘(嵌段苯乙烯单元/总苯乙烯单元)
这样表达的聚合物-Bd-S-(S)n-Bd-聚合物,其中n大于零,定义为嵌段苯乙烯。例如,如果在以上例子中n等于8,则嵌段度指数是80%。优选嵌段度指数小于40。对于苯乙烯含量为10wt%-40wt%的一些聚合物,优选嵌段度指数小于10。
此受控分布结构在控制获得共聚物的结构和Tg中非常重要,这是由于受控分布结构保证实质上没有两种单体的相分离,即与如下嵌段共聚物形成对照:其中单体实际保持为具有不同Tg的单独“微相”,但实际上化学结合在一起。此受控分布结构保证仅存在一个Tg和,因此,所得共聚物的热性能是可预测的和事实上是可预先确定的。此外,当具有这样受控分布结构的共聚物然后用作二嵌段、三嵌段或多嵌段共聚物中的一个嵌段时,通过适当构成的受控分布共聚物区域的存在变成可能的相对更高Tg倾向于改进流动和加工性能。也可以达到某些其它性能的改进。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,主题受控分布共聚物嵌段含有三个不同的区域-在嵌段端部的共轭二烯烃富集区域和靠近嵌段中间或中心的单烯基芳烃富集区域。希望的是单烯基芳烃/共轭二烯烃受控分布共聚物嵌段,其中单烯基芳烃单元的比例逐渐增加到靠近嵌段中间或中心的最大值和然后逐渐降低,直到聚合物嵌段完全聚合。此结构是显著的和不同于现有技术中讨论的渐变和/或无规结构。
制备本发明新颖受控分布共聚物的开始材料包括初始单体。烯基芳烃可以选自苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、乙烯基萘、和对丁基苯乙烯或其混合物。在这些物质中,苯乙烯是最优选的和可购自各个制造商和相对便宜。在此使用的共轭二烯烃是1,3-丁二烯和取代丁二烯如异戊二烯、戊间二烯、2,3-二甲基-2,3-丁二烯、和1-苯基-1,3-丁二烯、或其混合物。在这些物质中,最优选是1,3-丁二烯。在此使用的和在权利要求中使用的“丁二烯”具体地表示“1,3-丁二烯”。
如上所讨论的那样,受控分布聚合物嵌段含有邻近A嵌段的二烯烃富集区域和不邻近A嵌段和典型地靠近B嵌段中心的芳烃富集区域。典型地邻近A嵌段的区域包括嵌段的前15-25%和包括二烯烃富集区域,和剩余部分被认为富集芳烃。术语“二烯烃富集”表示与芳烃富集区域相比,该区域具有可测量的较高的二烯烃对芳烃比例。表达此的另一种方式是单烯基芳烃单元的比例沿聚合物链逐渐增加到靠近嵌段中间或中心的最大值(如果我们描述ABA结构)和然后逐渐降低直到聚合物嵌段完全聚合。对于受控分布嵌段B,单烯基芳烃的重量百分比是约10%-约75。
在此使用的“热塑性嵌段共聚物”定义为含有如下嵌段的嵌段共聚物:至少单烯基芳烃,如苯乙烯的第一嵌段及二烯烃和单烯基芳烃受控分布共聚物的第二嵌段。制备此热塑性嵌段共聚物的方法是通过嵌段聚合一般已知的任何方法。本发明包括作为实施方案的热塑性共聚物组合物,它们可以是二嵌段、三嵌段共聚物或多嵌段组合物。在二嵌段共聚物组合物的情况下,一个嵌段是烯基芳烃基均聚物嵌段和与其聚合的是二烯烃和烯基芳烃受控分布共聚物的第二嵌段。在三嵌段组合物的情况下,它包括作为端嵌段的玻璃性烯基芳烃基均聚物和作为中间嵌段的二烯烃和烯基芳烃受控分布共聚物。在制备三嵌段共聚物组合物的情况下,受控分布二烯烃/烯基芳烃共聚物可以在此指定为“B”和烯基芳烃基均聚物指定为“A”。A-B-A型三嵌段组合物可以由顺序聚合或偶合制备。在顺序溶液聚合技术中,首先将单烯基芳烃引入以生产相对硬的芳族嵌段,随后引入受控分布二烯烃/烯基芳烃混合物以形成中间嵌段,和然后随后引入单烯基芳烃以形成末端嵌段。除线性的A-B-A构型以外,可以构造嵌段以形成星形(支化)聚合物(A-B)nX,或可以在混合物中结合两种类型的结构。一些A-B二嵌段聚合物可以存在,但优选至少约30wt%嵌段共聚物是A-B-A或星形的(或另外支化的以每个分子含有2个或更多末端树脂性嵌段)以赋予强度。
也重要的是控制各个嵌段的分子量。对于AB二嵌段,所需的嵌段重量对于单烯基芳烃A嵌段为3,000-60,000,和对于受控分布共轭二烯烃/单烯基芳烃B嵌段为30,000-300,000。优选的范围是对于A嵌段为5000-45,000和对于B嵌段为50,000-250,000。对于可以是顺序ABA或偶合(AB)2X嵌段共聚物的三嵌段,A嵌段应当是3,000-60,000,优选5000-45,000,而顺序嵌段的B嵌段应当是约30,000-300,000,和偶合聚合物的B嵌段(两个)为该数量的一半。三嵌段共聚物的总平均分子量应当为40,000-400,000,和对于星形共聚物为60,000-600,000。这些分子量最精确地由光散射测量测定,和表达为数均分子量。
本发明的另一个重要方面是控制受控分布共聚物嵌段中共轭二烯烃的微结构或乙烯基含量。术语“乙烯基含量”表示通过1,2-加成(在丁二烯的情况下-在异戊二烯的情况下它是3,4-加成)聚合的共轭二烯烃。尽管纯“乙烯基”仅在1,3-丁二烯的1,2-加聚情况下形成,异戊二烯的3,4-加聚(和对于其它共轭二烯烃的相似加成)对嵌段共聚物最终性能的效果相似。术语“乙烯基”表示聚合物链上侧乙烯基的存在。当表示丁二烯作为共轭二烯烃的用途时,优选共聚物嵌段中20-80mol%的缩合丁二烯单元具有由质子NMR分析测定的1,2乙烯基构型,优选30-70mol%的缩合丁二烯单元应当具有1,2乙烯基构型。这有效地通过改变分布剂的相对数量而控制。如将会理解的那样,分布剂起两个目的-它产生单烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃的受控分布,和也控制共轭二烯烃的微结构。分布剂对锂的合适比例公开和教导于US Pat.Re27145,它的公开内容引入作为参考。
本发明热塑性弹性体二嵌段和三嵌段聚合物的重要特征在于它们具有至少两个Tg,低值是受控共聚物嵌段的结合Tg,该Tg是它的组成单体Tg的中间,该聚合物包括一个或多个受控分布二烯烃/烯基芳烃共聚物嵌段和一个或多个单烯基芳烃嵌段。这样的Tg优选是至少-60℃,更优选-40~+30℃,和更优选-40~+10℃。第二Tg,即单烯基芳烃“玻璃性”嵌段的Tg优选大于80℃,更优选80-110℃。两个Tg的存在,说明嵌段的微相分离,在很多种应用中引起材料显著的弹性和强度,和它的加工容易和所需的熔体流动特性。
选择性氢化嵌段共聚物。氢化可以通过现有技术已知的任何氢化或选择性氢化工艺进行。例如,已经使用方法如在如下文献中教导的那些完成这样的氢化:例如,U.S.专利3494942、3634594、3670054、3700633、和Re.27145。氢化可以在一定的条件下进行使得已减少至少90%的共轭二烯烃双键,和已减少0-10%的芳烃双键。优选的范围是减少至少95%的共轭二烯烃双键,和更优选减少98%的共轭二烯烃双键。或者,可以氢化聚合物使得芳族不饱和也减少超过上述10%水平。在该情况下,共轭二烯烃和芳烃两者的双键可以减少90%或更多。
另外,可以采用许多方式官能化本发明的嵌段共聚物。一种方式是采用含有一个或多个官能团或它们的衍生物,如羧酸基团和它们的盐、酸酐、酯、酰亚胺基团、酰胺基团、和酰氯的不饱和单体进行处理。要接枝到嵌段共聚物上的优选单体是马来酸酐、马来酸、富马酸、和它们的衍生物。官能化这样嵌段共聚物的进一步描述可以发现于Gergen等人,U.S.Pat.No.4578429和发现于U.S.Pat.No.5506299。在另一种方式中,可以通过将含硅或硼化合物接枝到聚合物上官能化本发明的选择性氢化嵌段共聚物,如在U.S.Pat.No.4882384中教导的那样。在仍然另一种方式中,可以将本发明的嵌段共聚物与烷氧基硅烷化合物接触,以形成硅烷改性的嵌段共聚物。在仍然另一种方式中,可以通过反应至少一个环氧乙烷分子到聚合物上,如在U.S.Pat.No.4898914中教导的那样,或通过聚合物与二氧化碳反应,如在U.S.Pat.No.4970265中教导的那样官能化本发明的嵌段共聚物。更进一步地,可以金属化本发明的嵌段共聚物,如在U.S.Pat.Nos.5206300和5276101中教导的那样,其中将聚合物与烷基碱金属,如烷基锂接触。和更进一步地,可以通过将磺酸类基团接枝到聚合物上官能化本发明的嵌段共聚物,如在U.S.5516831中教导的那样。
用于本发明油凝胶的组分之一是聚合物填充油或增塑剂。特别优选是与嵌段共聚物弹性体链段相容类型的油。尽管更高芳族物质含量的油是令人满意的,但优选是具有低挥发性和小于50%芳族物质含量的那些石油基白油。这样的油包括链烷油和环烷油两者。油应当另外具有低挥发性,优选具有大于260℃(500)的初始沸点。
可用于本发明的另外增塑剂的例子是无规或顺序聚合的苯乙烯和共轭二烯烃的低聚物、共轭二烯烃如丁二烯或异戊二烯的低聚物、液体聚丁烯-1、和乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃橡胶,所有的分子量都为300-35,000,优选小于25,000mol重量。
采用的油或增塑剂数量从350到2000重量份变化,相对于每一百重量份橡胶,或嵌段共聚物,优选400-1000重量份。
各种类型的填料和颜料可以包括在油凝胶配制剂中以着色油凝胶和降低成本。合适的填料包括碳酸钙、粘土、滑石、二氧化硅、氧化锌、二氧化钛等。依赖于使用的填料类型和油凝胶要用于的应用,填料的数量通常为0-30wt%,基于配制剂。
本发明的组合物可以由其它聚合物、增强剂、抗氧剂、稳定剂、阻燃剂、防粘连剂、润滑剂和其它橡胶和塑料混炼成分的加入进一步改性而不背离本发明的范围。这样的组分描述于包括US Pat.No.3239478和USPat.No5777043的各种专利,其公开内容引入作为参考。
可以设计本发明的组合物用于很多种用途和应用。它们可以应用为电子件的防水封装剂/密封剂和用于电线和电缆应用,而且也用于蜡烛的制备等。
关于各种成分的相对数量,这会部分依赖于特定的最终用途和依赖于选择用于特定最终用途的特定嵌段共聚物。下表A显示包括在本发明中的一些想象组合物。“CD聚合物”表示本发明的受控分布聚合物:
表A:应用,组合物和范围
应用 | 成分 | 组成,重量份 |
油凝胶 | CD聚合物填充油 | 100300-2000 |
实施例
提供如下实施例以说明本发明。实施例不用于限制本发明的范围和它们不应当这样解释。除非另外说明,数量为重量份或重量百分比。用于实施例的测试方法是美国材料试验学会(ASTM)测试方法,和使用如下具体方法:
环球软化点 | ASTM D-36 |
熔体粘度 | ASTM D-3236 |
拉伸性能 | ASTM D-412 |
实施例1
根据以上提及的在先未决专利申请系列号60/355210中公开的方法制备本发明的各种受控分布嵌段共聚物,该在先未决专利申请包括同时提交的它的连续申请。所有的聚合物是选择性氢化AB或ABA嵌段共聚物,其中A嵌段是聚乙烯嵌段和在氢化之前的B嵌段是苯乙烯丁二烯受控分布嵌段,该受控分布嵌段含有富含丁二烯单元的末端区域和富含苯乙烯单元的中心区域。在下表1中显示各种聚合物。这些聚合物然后用于其它实施例中描述的各种应用。步骤I MW是第一A嵌段的分子量,步骤II MW是AB嵌段的分子量和步骤III MW是ABA嵌段的分子量。将聚合物氢化使得减少大于约95%的二烯烃双键。
表1.受控分布聚合物
聚合物序号 | 步骤IMW(k) | 步骤IIMW(k) | 步骤IIIMW(k) | 步骤II中的%苯乙烯 | 苯乙烯嵌段度 | 1,2-BD | PSC |
(%) | (%) | ||||||
25 | 9.1 | 89 | 97 | 25 | 0 | 36 | 39 |
27 | 7.5 | 70 | 77 | 25 | 3 | 36.1 | 40 |
28 | 7.8 | 39 | - | 25 | 16 | 36 | 39 |
26 | 7.3 | 43 | 50 | 37 | 0 | 36.7 | 47 |
其中“MW(k)”=以千计的分子量和“PSC(%)”=最终聚合物中苯乙烯的wt%。“苯乙烯嵌段度”仅用于B嵌段。
因此,聚合物#25是数均嵌段摩尔重量为9500-80,000-9500的线性ABA三嵌段共聚物;聚合物#27是嵌段摩尔重量为7500-62,600-7300的线性ABA三嵌段共聚物;聚合物#28是嵌段摩尔重量为7800-31,500的AB二嵌段共聚物;和聚合物#26是嵌段摩尔重量为7300-35,800-7300的线性ABA三嵌段共聚物。
实施例2
实施例2显示新颖CD聚合物#25在油凝胶中的用途。样品#2-1,202和2-3显示基于常规氢化SBC,SEBS#1的凝胶的性能。SEBS#1是聚苯乙烯端嵌段为约10,000和氢化聚丁二烯中间嵌段为约50,000的选择性氢化SBS嵌段共聚物。结果显示聚合物含量增加,软化点和拉伸性能改进及熔体粘度增加。样品#2-4,2-5和2-6显示使用CD聚合物#25发现相同的倾向。然而令人惊奇地,与常规氢化聚合物相比,CD聚合物#25向凝胶提供更高的拉伸强度和更高的伸长率。DRAKEOL 34购自Penreco和是Tg为-64℃的链烷类加工油。
表2
组成,%w | #2-1 | #2-2 | #2-3 | #2-4 | #2-5 | #2-6 |
DRAKEOL 34 | 90 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 80 |
SEBS#1 | 10 | 15 | 20 | |||
CD聚合物#25 | 10 | 15 | 20 | |||
熔体粘度149℃,mPa.s(cps) | 185 | 750 | 3,870 | 235 | 2210 | 17,500 |
环球软化点,℃ | 85 | 96 | 106 | 89 | 104 | 117 |
拉伸强度,kPa(psi) | 太软 | 117(17) | 352(51) | 太软 | 124(18.5) | 545(79) |
断裂伸长率,% | 280 | 280 | 540 | 460 | 760 |
Claims (7)
1.一种油凝胶组合物,包括100重量份至少一种具有单烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃受控分布嵌段的氢化嵌段共聚物,350-2000重量份填充油,其中所述单烯基芳烃选自苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、乙烯基萘和对丁基苯乙烯或其混合物,和所述共轭二烯烃选自1,3-丁二烯和取代丁二烯,和其中该氢化嵌段共聚物含有至少一个聚合物嵌段A和至少一个聚合物嵌段B,和其中(a.)在氢化之前,每个A嵌段独立地是单烯基芳烃均聚物嵌段和每个B嵌段独立地是至少一种共轭二烯烃和至少一种单烯基芳烃的受控分布共聚物嵌段;(b.)在氢化之后减少了0-10%的芳烃双键,和减少了至少90%的共轭二烯烃双键;(c.)每个A嵌段的数均分子量为3,000-60,000和每个B嵌段的数均分子量为30,000-300,000;(d.)每个B嵌段包括邻近A嵌段、富含共轭二烯烃单元的末端区域和一个或多个不邻近A嵌段、富含单烯基芳烃单元的区域;(e.)氢化嵌段共聚物中单烯基芳烃的总数量是20-80wt%;和(f.)每个B嵌段中单烯基芳烃的重量百分比是10-75%。
2.根据权利要求1的油凝胶组合物,其中该单烯基芳烃是苯乙烯和该共轭二烯烃选自异戊二烯和丁二烯。
3.根据权利要求1或2的油凝胶组合物,其中该共轭二烯烃是丁二烯,和其中嵌段B中20-80mol%的聚合的丁二烯单元具有1,2-构型。
4.根据权利要求1的油凝胶组合物,其中嵌段B的苯乙烯嵌段度小于40mol%,该苯乙烯嵌段度指数定义为在聚合物链上含有两个苯乙烯邻接部分的嵌段B中苯乙烯单元的比例。
5.根据权利要求1的油凝胶组合物,其中每个B嵌段中苯乙烯的重量百分比是10%-30%,和每个嵌段B的苯乙烯嵌段度指数小于10。
6.根据权利要求1的油凝胶组合物,其中该氢化嵌段共聚物是ABA、(A-B)n、(A-B)nA、或(A-B)nX嵌段共聚物,其中n是2-30的整数,X是偶合剂残基,该嵌段共聚物总分子量是40,000-140,000和其中每个B嵌段含有10-30wt%苯乙烯。
7.根据权利要求1的油凝胶组合物,其中该填充油是具有低挥发性和小于50%芳族物质含量的石油基白油。
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- 2003-02-06 US US10/359,906 patent/US6759454B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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