CN1308096C - Method for processing lump non-crystal alloy blank and its device used thereof - Google Patents
Method for processing lump non-crystal alloy blank and its device used thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1308096C CN1308096C CNB2004100336112A CN200410033611A CN1308096C CN 1308096 C CN1308096 C CN 1308096C CN B2004100336112 A CNB2004100336112 A CN B2004100336112A CN 200410033611 A CN200410033611 A CN 200410033611A CN 1308096 C CN1308096 C CN 1308096C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for processing bulk amorphous alloy and composite materials thereof and equipment used by the method. A hydrostatic extruder is used by the method, and high-pressure liquid is used for processing. A rod blank of bulk amorphous alloy is sealed in a wrapping sleeve and heated to extrusion temperature, namely the temperature of a supercooling liquid range deltaTx for processing the amorphous material. An extrusion medium is added in a mould cavity of the hydrostatic extruder, and extrusion is carried out at extruding temperature. Then, the wrapping sleeve is removed, which obtains a bulk amorphous alloy blank. Counterpressure device is added to the hydrostatic extruder by the present invention, which solves the processing, forming and crystallizing problems of the bulk amorphous alloy particularly the bulk amorphous alloy and the composite materials thereof with narrow supercooling liquid range width. The stressed state of the work piece of the present invention is good, deformation is uniform, and lubrication is good. The high-pressure liquid also has cooling action on the work piece, and temperature in processing and deforming processes can be accurately controlled, which avoids amorphous crystallization or structure relaxation at higher temperature for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method and employed equipment thereof of block amorphous alloy blank, belong to metal material processing forming technique field.
Background technology
Block amorphous alloy claims bulk metallic glass materials again, be in the world nineteen nineties the class advanced material that develops rapidly.Because necessary condition of fast cooling (＞10 when formed by at that time various amorphous alloys
6K/s) restriction, amorphous alloy quite can only exist with low-dimensional forms such as powder, silk, strips in one period of length afterwards, have weakened giving full play to of amorphous alloy performance potential greatly, have also limited being extensive use of of amorphous alloy simultaneously.Up to nineteen nineties, people such as Inoue and Johnson have broken through the high speed cooling limitation by design of alloy, the routine casting technology under the cooling velocity condition that can reach (＜10
3K/s) prepare the block amorphous alloy material, made the research of amorphous alloy and application stride into a brand-new era.Developed at present the block amorphous alloy system that and comprised metal, transition metal, metalloid and rare earth element alloy system, as block amorphous alloy materials such as Zr base, Fe base, Mg base, Ti base, Pd base and La bases etc.Block amorphous alloy has the mechanics and the physical and chemical performance of many excellences, thereby has very big application potential in fields such as Aero-Space, derived energy chemical, bio-medical and information.Because block amorphous alloy is the thermodynamics metastable state, atomic arrangement does not reach high compactionization, and therefore the block amorphous alloy of casting exists a lot of rooms and free volume.By machining deformation to the casting block amorphous alloy, will help further improving the density and the intensity of block amorphous alloy, block amorphous alloy could satisfy the needs of practical application better through shaping simultaneously.
Continuous transformation by amorphous-glass transformation-supercooled liquid phase-crystallization can take place in block amorphous alloy when heating continuously.The existence of supercooling liquid phase region Δ Tx (Δ Tx=Tx-Tg, Tx, Tg are respectively crystallization temperature and glass transformation temperature) is the intrinsic characteristic of block amorphous alloy, and any crystalline alloy does not all have this specific character.Supercooled liquid has a kind of shortrange order state of atom of uniqueness mutually, and highdensity lack of alignment and lower diffusivity have very strong resistance to crystallization.In supercooling liquid phase region, the viscosity of block amorphous alloy reduces significantly, has very high strain hardening and strain-rate sensitivity index (being about 1.0) and desirable Newtonian rheological behaviour, can come machining deformation by desirable superplasticity rheology.But the research of block amorphous alloy material at present still mainly concentrates on aspects such as composition System Design, structure and performance and technology of preparing.Although northeastern Japan university utilizes pressing method to produce Zr base amorphous gear in the supercooling liquid phase region of block amorphous alloy, block amorphous alloy is as golf racket material of new generation also (the Akihisa Inoue of commercialization, Acta mater, 48 (2000) 279-306), but also grow up far away towards the block amorphous alloy blank process technology of practicability.Main cause is that block amorphous alloy brings very big difficulty at the machining deformation of supercooling liquid phase region to practical operation.Require the blank heating temperature control accurate on the one hand, also want the strict temperature rise that produces in the plastic deformation process of controlling on the other hand, because the common process method is difficult to produce homogeneous deformation, so distortion heat is not easy accurate calculating, and the friction in the deformation process and lubrication state are very complicated, can't keep constant, so the temperature rise that produces in the deformation process is difficult to accurately control.Simultaneously, the supercooling liquid phase region width of most of block amorphous alloys of having found at present has only tens degree, in case surpassing crystallization temperature Tx, temperature will cause the amorphous crystallization, and be lower than glass transformation temperature Tg because the inductile and the high strength of non-crystaline amorphous metal, adopt the common process method can't process, so technique controlling difficulty is very big at all.Especially the composite that with the block amorphous alloy is base is the strong material of superelevation, for example, after the Zr base block amorphous alloy is used the W fiber composite, compressed rupture strength is up to 3500～4000MPa, and not compound Zr base block amorphous alloy is 1800～2000MPa (Zhang Haifeng, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2001, V37 (11): 1131-1140), its difficulty of processing is just bigger.These effects limit the development of block amorphous alloy process technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method of block amorphous alloy, with solve block amorphous alloy especially the block amorphous alloy of supercooling liquid phase region narrower in width and composite thereof shape and avoid problem such as crystallization.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of employed equipment of processing method of block amorphous alloy.Improve the stress state of workpiece behind the mould outlet effectively, alleviate " ring fracture " phenomenon, and avoid the amorphous crystallization or be in higher temperature recurring structure relaxation for a long time.
For realizing such purpose, take following technical scheme:
A kind of processing method of block amorphous alloy blank, be to adopt hydrostatic extruder block amorphous alloy to be carried out processing method by highly pressurised liquid, comprise the steps: at first block amorphous alloy rod base to be closed in the pre-processed jacket, putting into heating furnace then together heats, heating-up temperature is a temperature of processing, described temperature of processing is the temperature of the supercooling liquid phase region Δ Tx of non-crystalline material to be processed, i.e. temperature between crystallization temperature Tx and the glass transformation temperature Tg; Simultaneously, lubricant evenly is coated on the extrusion die surface of hydrostatic extruder, and extrusion medium is added the die cavity of hydrostatic extruder, start the heating system of die cavity then, die cavity is heated to the temperature of processing of setting together with extrusion medium wherein; Take out from heating furnace being heated to jacket and the amorphous blank of setting temperature of processing, in the die cavity of the hydrostatic extruder of packing into rapidly, carry out extrusion process then; Goods after will pushing are again cleaned out, and remove jacket, the block amorphous alloy blank that can obtain processing.
The present invention adopts quiet liquid pressing method that block amorphous alloy is processed.Quiet liquid pressing method is one of special process method; blank is adding among the encirclement of locating dried highly pressurised liquid man-hour; stress is good; die entrance place highly pressurised liquid without interruption (also being mixed with lubricating fluid usually); guaranteeing has good continuous lubrication between blank and the mould contact surface; thereby can reduce frictional force; extruding force is descended greatly; the destruction that causes is seriously cut on the surface when having reduced the material extruding simultaneously; and make surface of the work and the distortion of heart portion evenly; material is out of shape the micro-crack generation that might suppress or reduce in the material deformation in the extrusion process under the effect of high hydrostatic pressure; can also make the fine crack healing to a certain extent; improve material structure, improve the process plastic of material.Therefore, quiet liquid pressing method can carry out the processing of low temperature aximal deformation value, is particularly suitable for processing the hard crisp difficult-to-deformation material that waits.
In the method for the invention, described sheath material is according to selecting in the close degree of interval its mechanical property of extrusion temperature and plastic deformation behavior and non-crystalline material to be processed.Because in the material world, the material that wants to find two kinds of performance unanimities is difficulty very, therefore, can only find two kinds of materials that performance is close.Described " close " is meant that above-mentioned two kinds of materials are approaching in their mechanical property and plastic deformation behavior of extrusion temperature interval, and the two is approaching more good more.In addition, the size of jacket depends on the size and the factors such as extrusion ratio and strain rate of non-crystalline material to be processed.
In the method for the invention, described non-crystalline material to be processed is the Zr base noncrystal alloy, and described sheath material is selected from a kind of in the materials such as A3 steel and pure iron.
In the method for the invention, described extruding rate is meant that being equivalent to strain rate is 10
-2s
-1-1s
-1
In the method for the invention, the described block amorphous alloy rod base heating process in heating furnace that is closed in the jacket is: be heated to behind the design temperature insulation soaking 2 to 5 minutes, and Control for Kiln Temperature be accurate to ± 5 ℃.
In the method for the invention, described die cavity will be incubated soaking 2 to 5 minutes after being heated to the temperature of processing of setting together with wherein extrusion medium.
In the method for the invention, heating furnace can be a resistance-heated furnace, also can select other mode of heating according to the kind of sheath material and non-crystalline material, eddy-current heating for example, infrared heating etc.
Quiet liquid extruding mainly contains each vegetable oil and mineral oil, heat resistant grease, fuse salt and oxide, glass and low-melting-point metal etc. with high-pressure medium.In the present invention, quiet liquid pushes with the preferred castor oil of high-pressure medium.This is because castor oil has good lubricating property and suitable stickiness, be often used as calm liquid extruding with in, the high-pressure medium of low warm static liquid extruding.Available heat resistant grease, fuse salt and even the glass that is the viscoplasticity deformational behavior of quiet liquid extruding in the higher temperature scope is made high-pressure medium, and wherein heat resistant grease obtains to use more widely in actual production.
The employed hydrostatic extruder of method of the present invention can be common hydrostatic extruder, and this extruder has heating system, by the extrusion axis of transmission mechanism control, and this extrusion axis is assemblied in the die cavity of recipient, and the front end of recipient is provided with extrusion die.Also can adopt following optimized technical scheme: can also increase by a back-pressure device on common hydrostatic extruder, that is, the front end of described extrusion die is provided with recipient, extrusion die successively again.In fact, the back-pressure device still is a quiet liquid pressurizing unit (but not by extrusion axis and heating system of transmission mechanism control), and die cavity is still arranged in the recipient, extrusion medium is arranged, but for quickening the cooling of extruding back amorphous blank, do not establish heating system.According to above-mentioned optimal technical scheme block amorphous alloy is processed, workpiece enters into the squeezed fluid body medium of back-pressure device from mould outlet, improve the stress state of workpiece behind the mould outlet effectively, alleviate " ring fracture " phenomenon, can also strengthen fast cooling cooling effect behind the workpiece deformation by the squeezed fluid body medium, avoid the amorphous crystallization or be in higher temperature recurring structure relaxation for a long time.
The invention has the advantages that quiet liquid pressing method is suitable for the worker that forces of hard brittle material, simultaneously, the stress state of workpiece is good, distortion evenly, and is lubricated good, and distortion heat can be than accurate Calculation, and highly pressurised liquid also can have cooling effect to workpiece, can more accurately control the temperature rise in the machining deformation process.By increasing by a back-pressure device, can alleviate " ring fracture " phenomenon simultaneously, and the squeezed fluid body medium can also be strengthened cooling cooling effect behind the workpiece deformation in the back-pressure device, avoids the amorphous crystallization or is in higher temperature recurring structure relaxation for a long time.In addition, the die of quiet liquid extruding adopts highly pressurised liquid to support, and therefore can use the thin-walled die, does not need die body periphery to add the cover shrink ring, can improve die life and product size precision.In general, the dimensional tolerance grade of calm liquid extrusion can reach IT7～IT8, and surface roughness can reach Ra=0.1～0.4 μ m, so quiet liquid pressing method also can be used as a kind of near-net-shape technology.Simultaneously, by the behavior of control block amorphous alloy section bar crystallization, also further obtain bulk nano-crystalline or amorphous-nano-crystalline composite material section bar probably.
Description of drawings
The quiet liquid extrusion equipment schematic diagram that Fig. 1 adopts for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the quiet liquid extrusion equipment schematic diagram that has the back-pressure device.
Fig. 3 is that the blank after the processing in embodiment 1 detects figure with X ray.
Among the figure: 1 is extruded product; 2,9 is extrusion die; 3,8 is recipient; 4 is jacket; 5 is blank; 6,10 is high-pressure medium; 7 is extrusion axis.
The specific embodiment
The quiet liquid extrusion equipment that the present invention adopts as shown in Figure 1, this hydrostatic extruder is known equipment, this hydrostatic extruder has heating system (not shown), by the extrusion axis 7 of transmission mechanism (not shown) control, extrusion axis 7 is assemblied in the die cavity of recipient 3, and the front end of recipient 3 is provided with extrusion die 2.During use, lubricant evenly is coated on extrusion die 2 surfaces of hydrostatic extruder, and extrusion medium 6 is added in the die cavity of recipient 8 of hydrostatic extruders, and the non-crystaline amorphous metal blank 5 that is closed in the jacket 4 by 7 pairs of extrusion axises pushes, and it is extruded from extrusion die 2.
The preferred quiet liquid extrusion equipment that the present invention adopts as shown in Figure 2, be to increase by a back-pressure device at known hydrostatic extruder, promptly the front end at extrusion die 2 is provided with recipient 8, extrusion die 9 successively again, die cavity is still arranged in the recipient 8, but, do not establish heating system for quickening the cooling of extruding back amorphous blank.And in the die cavity of recipient 8, also add high-pressure medium 10.Extruded product 1 exports the squeezed fluid body medium 10 that enters into the back-pressure device from extrusion die 2, improve the stress state after extruded product 1 exports from mould 2 effectively, alleviate " ring fracture " phenomenon, can also strengthen fast cooling cooling effect after extruded product 1 distortion by squeezed fluid body medium 10, avoid the amorphous crystallization or be in higher temperature recurring structure relaxation for a long time.
Embodiment 1:
The Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5 alloy bar base 5 of diameter 16mm is packed into to closely cooperate in the A3 steel capsule 4 of external diameter 25mm, together put into the accurate temperature controlling resistance-heated furnace then and heat, Control for Kiln Temperature is accurate to ± 5 ℃, be heated to 390 ℃ after insulation soaking 2 minutes; Select graphite+MoS
2As lubricant, and it evenly is coated on the surface of extrusion die 2, select castor oil as extrusion medium 6, it is added the die cavity of hydrostatic extruder, start the heating system of die cavity then, die cavity is heated to 390 ℃ of the extrusion temperatures of setting, insulation soaking 5 minutes together with wherein extrusion medium 6; The jacket 4 and the amorphous blank 5 that have heated are taken out from resistance furnace, and in the die cavity of the extruder of packing into rapidly, (strain rate is equivalent to 1 * 10 with suitable extruding rate
-1s
-1) carry out extrusion process, extrusion ratio is 2; Blank goods 1 after the extruding are cleaned out, removed jacket 5 with lathe, the Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5 alloy bar blank of the diameter 12mm that can obtain processing.Blank after the processing detects through X ray, sees Fig. 3, has only a diffraction maximum of dispersing, and has still kept non crystalline structure well.
Embodiment 2:
The Zr41Ti14Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 alloy bar base 5 of diameter 9mm is packed into to closely cooperate in the pure iron jacket 4 of external diameter 20mm, together putting into the accurate temperature controlling resistance-heated furnace then heats, Control for Kiln Temperature is accurate to ± 5 ℃, be heated to 390 ℃ after insulation soaking 2 minutes; Select graphite MoS
2As lubricant, and it evenly is coated on the surface of extrusion die 2, select castor oil as extrusion medium 6, it is added the die cavity of hydrostatic extruder, start the heating system of die cavity then, die cavity is heated to 390 ℃ of the extrusion temperatures of setting, insulation soaking 5 minutes together with wherein extrusion medium 6; The jacket 4 and the amorphous blank 5 that have heated are taken out from resistance furnace, and in the die cavity of the extruder of packing into rapidly, (strain rate is equivalent to 1 * 10 with suitable extruding rate
-1s
-1) carry out extrusion process, extrusion ratio is 2; Blank goods 1 after the extruding are cleaned out, removed jacket 5 with lathe, the Zr41Ti14Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 alloy bar blank of the diameter 7mm that can obtain processing.
Claims (6)
1. the processing method of a block amorphous alloy blank, it is characterized in that it being to adopt hydrostatic extruder block amorphous alloy to be carried out processing method by highly pressurised liquid, comprise the steps: at first block amorphous alloy rod base to be closed in the pre-processed jacket, putting into heating furnace then together heats, heating-up temperature is a temperature of processing, described temperature of processing is the temperature of the supercooling liquid phase region Δ Tx of non-crystalline material to be processed, i.e. temperature between crystallization temperature Tx and the glass transformation temperature Tg; Simultaneously, lubricant evenly is coated on the extrusion die surface of hydrostatic extruder, and extrusion medium is added the die cavity of hydrostatic extruder, start the heating system of die cavity then, die cavity is heated to the temperature of processing of setting together with extrusion medium wherein; Take out from heating furnace being heated to jacket and the amorphous blank of setting temperature of processing, in the die cavity of the hydrostatic extruder of packing into rapidly, carry out extrusion process then; Goods after will pushing are again cleaned out, and remove jacket, the block amorphous alloy blank that can obtain processing.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described sheath material is according to selecting in the close degree of interval its mechanical property of extrusion temperature and plastic deformation behavior and non-crystalline material to be processed.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described non-crystalline material to be processed is the Zr base noncrystal alloy, and described sheath material is selected from a kind of in A3 steel and the pure iron material.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described block amorphous alloy rod base heating process in heating furnace that is closed in the jacket is: be heated to behind the design temperature insulation soaking 2 to 5 minutes, and Control for Kiln Temperature be accurate to ± 5 ℃.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described die cavity will be incubated soaking 2 to 5 minutes after being heated to the temperature of processing of setting together with wherein extrusion medium.
6. employed extruder of the described method of claim 1, this extruder has heating system, by the extrusion axis of transmission mechanism control, this extrusion axis is assemblied in the die cavity of recipient, the front end of recipient is provided with extrusion die, it is characterized in that: the front end of described extrusion die is provided with recipient, extrusion die successively again.
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