CN1308426A - 广播音频数据的方法和把该数据供给广播发射机的系统 - Google Patents

广播音频数据的方法和把该数据供给广播发射机的系统 Download PDF

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CN1308426A
CN1308426A CN00118692A CN00118692A CN1308426A CN 1308426 A CN1308426 A CN 1308426A CN 00118692 A CN00118692 A CN 00118692A CN 00118692 A CN00118692 A CN 00118692A CN 1308426 A CN1308426 A CN 1308426A
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约翰·O·瑞安
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COMMAND AUDIO FREQUENCY EQUIPMENT CORP
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Abstract

公开了一种广播音频数据的方法和将压缩数字音频数据提供给广播发射机的系统。所述方法包含步骤:把音频数据变换成数字化数据;压缩数字化数据;把数字化数据进行加密;和广播经压缩并加密的数据。所述系统包含:具有接收音频信号的输入端并具有一个输出端的模/数变换器;具有接到变换器的输出端并具有用来可操作地接到广播发射机的输出端的数据压缩和加密电路。

Description

广播音频数据的方法和把该 数据供给广播发射机的系统
本申请是申请号为95190082.X、国际申请日为1995年12月1日、优先权日为1994年12月1日、题目为“使用多种传输模式进行音频信息联播的方法和系统”的分案申请。
本发明涉及一种用于将音频信息传输到专用接收机的无线电或电视广播系统，这种专用接收机把所选定的发送出的音频信息变换成为用户可用的形式。
多种系统在FM无线副载波上传送信息，例如，1992年9月29日授予Schwob的美国专利US5,152,011。述已公知具有FM数据能力的单边带通信系统用来传送模拟话音信号，请见1989年7月20日授予Eastmond等的美国专利US 4,852,086。
述已公知FM无线边带广播特别适合计算机发送新闻和金融信息，可从Mainsteam、Telemet以及Desk Top Data在FM无线边带上广播信息以便由装有FM无线电接收机和软件的个人计算机来接收，使信息成为商业上可得到的产品。典型的方式是以数字形式发送和接收信息，并存储在计算机的存储器中，由计算机用户用菜单驱动软件来存取，数据以普通的字符数字形式显示在计算机屏幕上。在这个范畴内的一个产品是一条新闻，可从传递大量新闻和金融信息的麻萨诸塞州Waltham的Desk Top Data公司得到新闻业务经FM无线边带为用户服务。装有这种产品的软件扫描进入的信息，并在进入的信息满足用户所设定的参数时，该信息就存储在记录盘上和/或显示在计算机屏幕上。
这些系统的缺点是需要个人计算机作为工作台，并且只能把信息提供在计算机屏幕上。而且需要正规的计算机技术人员来操作这种系统，这是很昂贵的。
还可以在电视传输的垂直消隐间隔期间发送信息，联邦通信委员会已经把垂直消隐间隔旁边的几条线路指定为可以销售给感兴趣的用户的多点数据传输。
数据或音频传输用的辅助通信通道是电视广播中的可使用的分离音频节目信道。
所有这些系统的缺点是听众或数据用户被限制在特定的地方或时间来收听信息，而手持的或汽车中的便携式无线电也限制用户只能收到当时正在被发送的信息。
本发明就是为解决以上现有技术中的问题而提出的，因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种广播音频数据的方法和一种将广播的音频数据提供给广播发射机的系统，该方法和系统能够让用户在他们所希望的时间和地点收听指定内容的信息。
按照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种广播音频数据的方法，包含如下步骤：把音频数据变换成数字化数据；压缩数字化数据；把数字化数据进行加密；以及广播经压缩并加密的数据。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种把音频数据提供给广播发射机的系统，包含：具有接收音频信号的输入端并具有一个输出端的模/数变换器；具有接到变换器的输出端并具有用来可操作地接到广播发射机的输出端的数据压缩和加密电路。
以上所述的系统和方法能让用户在他所希望的时间和地点收听到特定内容的信息，本发明所指的就是满足这种用户需要的使用多种传输模式的信息联播的方法和系统。本发明包括经调谐器接收信息的系统，调谐器从电视台的视频信号的垂直消隐间隔中提取数字化的字符数字数据或压缩的音频数据，并从电视台的音频信号中提取分离的音频节目(SAP)信号；或者包括经过包含有FM广播信号的FM副载波的无线边带(副载波)接收数字化字符数字数据或经压缩的音频信息的系统。另外，也可以使用合适的专用传输设备。条件接入电路把后来存储在随机存取存储器中事先已加密的数字化字符数字数据或经压缩的音频数据进行解密。驱动分层菜单的用户接口(或是简单的手动或是话音控制)允许用户以指示他从菜单中的选项的方式接入信息，然后，以经过解密的形式从数据库中提取信息。包括解压系统和数模变换器(D/A)的语音发生器或其它语音发生器把经加密的数字化音频信息变换成音频信号以便经扬声器或耳机供给用户。
这种系统可以是单独的或是构成现有无线接收机的一部分，是无线接收机的共享部件。用户接口的一个实施例是一个从列出各类信息的菜单中选项并扫描该菜单的四路开关(例如对应于计算机上的光标控制键)，这种系统典型地包括易失型RAM存储器，或是包括足以存储10小时或更长时间音频信号的非易失存储媒体，诸如数字音频磁带、小型磁-光盘、磁盘或光盘等。这种信息是例如新闻、运动、天气、文化信息、广告或商品表。这种已经存储的信息用数据压缩技术以加密的数字形式发送出去。使用加密技术作为一个整体来控制通向信息数据库的入口或者控制用户已订购的所选定的部分。
其它的特点是用户调节语音输出速度和寻找提供这种业务的特定FM无线电台副载波、电视台垂直消隐间隔或电视台SAP信道的信道跳跃调谐器。语音发生器可以处在自动或用户控制下以产生不同速度的话音输出。这种话音速度的控制可以是改变节律或是改变词间的间隔。用户还可以预选数据库项目，由此构成个人选项，这样无须一定要扫描整个菜单就能提取特定的信息。
参照以下的说明、权利要求书以及附图将会更好地理解本发明的这些和其它的特点以及本发明的其他方案。
图1是按照本发明一个实施例的接收装置的方框图；
图2是按照本发明的传输系统的方框图；
图3是按照本发明另一个实施例的接收装置的方框图；和
图4是按照本发明再一个实施例的接收装置的方框图。
图1表示根据本发明的一个实施例的接收设备。把收到的无线电广播信号或电视广播信号提供给调谐器12的天线11(如用于汽车或便携式收音机的所用天线)接收广播信号，这种调谐器是本领域所公知的用来提取FM副载波信号的FM副载波调谐器；用来产生垂直消隐间隔输出的电视调谐器；与电视广播信号分离的分离式音频节目信道或者是专用无线电信道调谐器。众所周知，在FM副载波调谐器的情况下，副载波信号典型地是在商用FM台租赁的副载波上传输的数字化数据。垂直消隐间隔已经用于多点传输。调谐器12在线路14上把所提取的数字化音频数据(已被加密的)送到条件接入电路16。
接收机子系统把线路14上的来自发射机的数字化的并经加密的字符数字数据和经压缩的数字化音频数据变换成为代表话语词的模拟信号。调谐器12在线路14上把该数据送到条件接入系统16以及在线路18上把该数据送到微控制器(控制器)20(下述)。
如下所述，条件接入电路16保证只在已经提供了正确密钥或指令时才对线路14上的已加密信号解密。条件接入电路16把收到的数据(在线路22上由微控制器20所认可的)解密，然后，在线路26上送到存储器28存储起来，存储器28可以是普通的集成电路随机存取存储器(RAM)。在一个实施例中，存储器28由易失存储器RAM构成。在另一个实施例中，存储器28是由具有足以存储10小时或更长时间的音频信号的非易失存储媒体，诸如数字音频磁带、小型磁-光盘、磁盘或光盘等构成。
为了在合理的时间帧中提供必要量的音频数据并使存储要求量最小，原始音频数据就要在发送终端理想地通过数据压缩运算以便对于窄带传输信道充分压缩数据。这种数据压缩57示于图2上，并且后面将要描述。接收装置在存储器28的输出端有一个进行合并解压运算的解压电路39，以便把经解压的音频信号提供给用来把数字化的音频数据变换成为模拟音频信号的数/模变换器30。
以下说明条件接入系统16和微控制器20。调谐器12的经加密的压缩数据输出在微控制器(微处理器)20通过线22上的控制信号的控制下进行接入，以便决定存储在存储器28内的数据的特定项目要经过输出线43提供到解压电路39。
在这种系统中用户要接入的许多数据是字符数据形式，这种形式容易发送并且容易经过语音(话音)合成器变换成为音频信号，从带宽和速度方面考虑，这种数据可以以字符数字的形式发送。为了适应字符数字数据以及音频数据的双重传输，由微控制器20经控制线47控制的开关46决定系统是响应原始字符数字数据还是响应经压缩的音频数据。当发送字符数字数据时，该字符数字数据被馈送到其音频输出与开关46连接的语音合成器45，该语音合成器45经开关46将音频输出接到音频放大器36和扬声器38。
在另外的实施例中，所收到的数据被存储为经加密的数据或以其它合适的形式存储起来，并在变换为语音之前被变换为语音发生器所适用的形式，每个音频数据项都是用表示符“标记”过的，以便允许从数据库中检索所存储的经加密的音频数据。
用户接口40在线路42上把指令输入到微控制器20，以便决定来自存储器28的哪些数据项目是要被收听的项目。
所发送的信息在微控制器20的控制下被分类、存储并在存储器内的常规分层数据库中存取，驱动分层菜单的用户接口40(或是简单的手动或是话音控制)允许用户以指示他从菜单中的选择方式存取信息。
在一个实施例中，用户接口40是话音驱动的指令系统，例如用户说指令“ON”来启动装置并使装置初始化，然后经声扬声器38用声音播出适用的主数据库类别，如：“NEWS”、“SPORTS”、“ENTERTAINMENT”等。当已经播出所需要的类别时，用户回答说“YES”，然后，装置再播出所选定的主类别的子类别，直到出现需要的指定的项目，用户说“YES”，再次选定需要的子类别，例如：通到最后的关于“通用汽车公司”(General MotorsCorporation)的新闻的类别和子类别通道可能是“NEWS…BUSINESS…NATIONAL…AUTOMOTIVE…GM”，观看最新影片“ALADDIN”的通路可能是“ENTERTAINMENT…HOLLYWOOD…MOVIEREVIEWS…ALADDIN”。用户应答四个或五个“YES”之后就能达到这些项目。在一个实施例中，用户附加说的三个指令如：“BACK”“STOP”和“GO”就足以为用户提供有效而快捷的系统控制。
在另一个实施例中，为用户手动操作提供有一个例如具有四工位(上，下，左，右)的开关组件作为手动输入装置，这四个工位对应于计算机上的一族光标控制，每一个工位指示四个指令中的一个指令。这种开关可以附着在汽车的方向盘上，供驾驶员使用，这种控制通过诸如有线、红外或超声波等方式与主装置联络，如同普通的电视遥控一样。
另一个方案是使用一个一工位控制开关，用户简单地按这个开关来选择所播放的类别或项目，或者来扫描菜单，当读取有效数据项时，简单地按开关来执行“STOP”；然后，再次按开关，执行“GO”；在任何时间按下开关保持一两秒钟执行“BACK”，就返回到数据库中的预定点。
为了充分发挥效用，信息传播装置一天需要运行24小时。为了节约能源，可以先把收到的数据存储在耗能小的随机存取存储器(RAM)中，当RAM存满的时候，再转存到较为永久的存储媒体中，如能够足以存储10小时或更长时间的音频信号的数字音频磁带、小型磁-光盘、磁盘或光盘等。系统的语音产生部分可以包括一个把经数字化并经解压了的音频数据变换成为可理解的并经良好调制的音频模拟信号的数/模变换器，这个音频模拟信号经线路34送到普通的音频放大器36，再由此送到扬声器或耳机38供用户收听。调谐器12、微控制器20、条件接入电路16和存储器28始终都要维持供电(必要的话，用电池供电)，以便接收不断更新的广播数据库，并由此把当时的数据存储在存储器28中。
当使用垂直消隐间隔发传数据时，有可能在每个具有50微秒的持续期的6个垂直消隐间隔行上，以2Mb/S的速率提供具有50％纠错额外开销的24000b/S的信道。在一个方案中，图1的装置是一个便携式装置(类似于一台便携式收音机)并包括用户话音接口或手动接口，在另一个实施例中，图1的装置安装在一个普通的便携式收音机或汽车收音机中，作为可以共享的公共部件。
在一个实施例中，用户接口40具有决定话音输出的输出速率的速率控制功能。数/模变换器30或语音合成器45可以接收比正常说话速率更快的信息，人们可以理解比正常说话速率更快的话语，这是公知的，这样，用户按压收音机上的按钮或提供一个口头的指令就能快速得到类似于快印材料那样的信息。这种加速可以采用公知的改变节律或略去词间空隙的方法，在例如用户要仔细记下谈话时所说的内容的情况下，可以使用类似的减速方法。
在使用话音驱动的用户接口40的实施例中，所提供的指令的数数目是有限的(如5至10)，因此，一个相对较为简单的市售的语音输入识别电路就足够了。
在另一个实施例中，车用系统的用户接口与显示器组合在一起，期望在不久的将来这种用户接口就能在各种汽车中问世，这种用户接口提供类似于计算机屏幕的数据库菜单项目的可视显示，以便能够更快地接入数据库菜单。
有益地是，以压缩的形式(虽然经过加密)发送并存储音频数据，就大大地减小了传输信道所需要的带宽，也降低了存储器要求，实质上降低了器件成本。在用于FM副载波传输时，典型的传输速率是1千波特，这个速率足以在大约一小时内把所需要的数据装入存储器28中。
使用时，售出之后，用户把它编程到提供传输的本地电台的频率下，由于FM无线电和电视信号有限的传输距离，所以在一个区域中可能有多个这样的电台，在微控制器20内包括的一个实施例中的信道跳跃特征(如现在用于各种收音机的)搜索出具有特定信号和频率的电台，即使从具有这种业务的一个电台的发送区域移动到具有这种业务的第2个电台的发送区域时，也能保持接收。对该系统来说，为搜寻信号传输而扫描整个FM频段或TV频段将会花去不到一分钟的时间。
数据加密/接入可按几种方法进行，在一个实施例中，发送一个简单的寻址/开关指令(没有数据加密)来使属于那些未按月交纳租金的个别装置不能接收，加密可以用于提供对整个数据库或数据库的个别部分的接入。
在一种更为完善的加密系统中，当使用适当的数据加密时，认为存在着制造和接收一个密钥和用解密电路对数据解密的未授权单元的销售问题。因此，没有这种专用的解密的未授权单元将是完全不能操作的。
在加密系统的一个实施例中(类似于每次付费观看的闭路电视的加密)，解密密钥是通过无线传输交付的，每一个单独的接收机单元在只读存储器中有一个唯一的40-50位的2进制数字的“隐蔽”密钥，每个单元还有一个“公开”的非隐蔽的序列号。通常，所有的发送数据都用一个周期性变化的主密钥来加密，以便强制用户付服务费，并加强保密性。每一个接收机单元都必须接收主密钥来对数据传输进行解密。
主密钥按如下方式发送到每一个接收机单元：
周期性地中断数据的传输，以便发送密钥信息。密钥信息是一串信息组，每一个单独的接收机单元供一个信息组，每个信息组包括：(1)一个地址字段，即特定单元的公开串号；继之(2)第2字段，即用具有特定串号的单元的唯一的“隐蔽密钥”加密的当前的主密钥。
接收机搜寻这些信息组(这取决于特定的签名或出现在特定的时间，以避免与数据发生冲突)，当特定的单元收到包括它自己的地址(公开的串号)时，该单元就把顺序的加密主密钥区存储起来，并进行解密，这样，就得到这个主密钥，以便对继之而来的加密数据进行解密。
在第2加密系统实施例中，周期性地(如每月一次)把用于每一个单独的接收机的唯一的经加密的主密钥提供给每一个用户。这个密钥可以用键盘输入到每个单元中，或者这个密钥可以做成电可读卡的形式或是插入到接收机中的合适的入口的装置。
在另一个实施例中，语音合成器45被控制来产生多个种特定的话音，这些话音由用户选择，即：是男/女话音或是其他话音，或者由微控制器20对系统编程，以便针对不同类型或类别的信息选择不同的话音。
象结合在普通的收音机或电视接收机中的图1的装置使用了收音机天线或电视机天线。调谐器12可以附加在普通的收音机或电视机调谐器上，或者可以是收音机或电视调谐器的一部分，图1的其它方框(除放大器36和扬声器38之外)是这个系统所特有的，而且是附加于普通的收音机或电视接收机的附加部件。
另一个实施例可以包括除了储放在汽车车身内的类似于CD音乐系统的装置中的控制及音频部件以外的接收机的全部器件，这种接收机具有调谐于无用的FM或AM无线电信道的输出小型无线电发射机。这种无线电发射机的输出端可以接到标准的汽车收音机天线上，用来把音频信号输出给用户。
接收机的另一个实施例可以用来在家用设备上接收和储存数据，并把所接收的数据存储在象上述的记录盘上，而且这种盘可以在便携式的汽车装置上播放。还有一个这种特征的实施例可以包括具有车用装置的所有特征的家用设备，且用户在汽车内时，它可以不从家用设备上拔下来，而插到车用装置上继续使用。
系统的发送部分在表示以下的步骤的图2上予以说明，数据产生部分51包含通常人为因素的具有新闻和信息的分类与编排56部分的新闻和信息收集55部分，即数据产生子系统。对于音频传输来说，这种新闻和信息是对普通的话筒播讲的，话筒接到具有A/D变换器60的电子部分的始端，A/D变换器把模拟音频信号变换成为数字音频信号。出于带宽的考虑，经数字化的音频信号在数据压缩器57中被压缩，经压缩的数字化的音频信号在加密器58中根据来自记帐/订户单元59的密钥分配指令被加密。经加密的数字音频信号建立数字化音频数据的数据库。
当优先使用来自新闻和信息分类与编排元件56的字符数字信息时，把该字符数字信息提交发送，并用数据加密电路64加密。可以由操作者控制的开关61决定该系统是发送经压缩的数字化音频信号还是发送字符数字信息，来自开关61的数据用诸如专用电话线路的传输通路63发送到发射台，如：现有的无线电台或电视台50。
为了在一个合理的时间帧内提供必要的音频数据量，该音频数据必须在发射末端通过数据压缩运算，以便把音频数据压缩得满足窄频带传输信道的要求，这种数据压缩如图2的57所示。
除数据压缩外，因为这种传输设备像大多数广播设备一样，不以实况广播的方式发送信息，所以它不仅能用上述的数据压缩技术最有效地使用可用的传输带宽，而且能以与话音速率无关的速率发送数据。当带宽允许时，数据传输的速度可以比“实时”话音快。另外，如果可用较窄的带宽，传输的速度可以比“实时”话音慢。这种传输速度的变化影响发送给定量的信息所需要的时间。除普通节目产生元件52之外，线路63上的处理完的数据选用数据插入装置62插入到FM副载波、分离的音频节目信道或者电视垂直消隐间隔传输电路中，以便用发射机53经天线54发送出去。
在发送某些数据的时候，为了适应一些订户可能没有他们的项目的情况，显然在白天甚至已经没有新的信息产生，发送设备是也要随时间更新数据库。对于特殊的报道或文章的数据必须有日期标记，以便把信息的报价指示给用户，这些和其它附加的特征随着系统的使用会更清楚。
本发明不只是限于上述的说明，显然，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说会作出进一步的改型。

Claims (4)

1、一种广播音频数据的方法，包含如下步骤：
把音频数据变换成数字化数据；
压缩数字化数据；
把数字化数据进行加密；以及
广播经压缩并加密的数据。
2、一种把音频数据提供给广播发射机的系统，包含：
具有接收音频信号的输入端并具有一个输出端的模/数变换器；
具有接到变换器的输出端并具有用来可操作地接到广播发射机的输出端的数据压缩和加密电路。
3、根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述的模/数变换器把模拟音频信号变换成为数字音频信号，并将其输入到所述数据压缩和加密电路进行数字压缩和加密。
4、根据权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述的经压缩和加密的数字音频信号提供给广播发射机。
CN00118692A 1994-01-12 2000-06-21 广播音频数据的方法和把该数据供给广播发射机的系统 Pending CN1308426A (zh)

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EP0688480A1 (en) 1995-12-27
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ATE464708T1 (de) 2010-04-15
CN1264292C (zh) 2006-07-12
EP1126643B1 (en) 2010-04-14
HU9502655D0 (en) 1995-12-28
HUT73990A (en) 1996-10-28
PL310618A1 (en) 1995-12-27
CN1123076A (zh) 1996-05-22
WO1995019668A1 (en) 1995-07-20
JP3088754B2 (ja) 2000-09-18
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CA2158020C (en) 2008-04-01
US5751806A (en) 1998-05-12
DE69524674T2 (de) 2002-06-13
CA2158020A1 (en) 1995-07-20
US5590195A (en) 1996-12-31
BR9505689A (pt) 1996-04-02
DE69536062D1 (de) 2010-05-27
CN1061192C (zh) 2001-01-24
JPH09501293A (ja) 1997-02-04
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AU1727795A (en) 1995-08-01
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