CN1310621C - 外科器械 - Google Patents

外科器械 Download PDF

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CN1310621C
CN1310621C CNB038034832A CN03803483A CN1310621C CN 1310621 C CN1310621 C CN 1310621C CN B038034832 A CNB038034832 A CN B038034832A CN 03803483 A CN03803483 A CN 03803483A CN 1310621 C CN1310621 C CN 1310621C
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clamp
rotation
rotating driveshaft
surgical instruments
plane
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CN1627919A (zh
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迈克尔·P·惠特曼
约翰·E·伯班克
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Covidien LP
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/285Surgical forceps combined with cutting implements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/71Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • A61B2017/00464Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable for use with different instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • A61B2017/00473Distal part, e.g. tip or head
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00477Coupling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320052Guides for cutting instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery

Abstract

一种外科器械,包括第一夹钳和与该第一夹钳相对的第二夹钳。第一驱动器使得该第一夹钳和该第二夹钳可在一平面相对运动。该第一驱动器与一驱动轴相接合,而该驱动轴可绕相对于该平面非平行例如垂直设置的旋转轴旋转。该器械还包括一个外科部件,如设置于第一夹钳内的切割和缝合元件。第二驱动器使得该手术部件可沿平行于该平面的方向相对运动。该第二驱动器与驱动轴接合,而该驱动轴可绕与该平面非平行设置的旋转轴旋转。

Description

外科器械
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明要求2002年1月8日提交的第60/346,656号美国专利申请的优先权,其整体内容结合于此作为参考。
本发明涉及2000年2月22日提交的第09/510,923号美国专利申请、2000年11月28日提交的第09/723,715号美国专利申请、2001年4月17日提交的第09/836,781号美国专利申请、2001年6月22日提交的第09/887,789号美国专利申请、以及2001年12月4日提交的第60/337,544号美国专利申请,上述申请的内容均结合于此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种外科器械。特别地,本发明涉及一种用于夹紧、切割、以及缝合组织的夹紧、切割和缝合器械。
背景技术
本文献包括大量的有关外科器械的说明。其中的一些外科器械描述于Sjostrom等人的美国专利第4,705,038号;Ams等人的美国专利第4,995,877号;Mallaby的美国专利第5,249,583号;Byrne等人的美国专利第5,395,033号;Tsuruta等人的美国专利第5,467,911号;Hooven的美国专利第5,383,880、5,518,163、5,518,164、和5,667,517号;Young等人的美国专利第5,653,374号;Alesi等人的美国专利第5,779,130号;以及Viola等人的美国专利第5,954,259中。
一种类型的外科器械是直线缝合器械,该缝合器械为铡刀型(guillotine-type)的器械,用于切割和缝合一部分组织。图1A示出了美国专利第3,494,533号中所描述的这种器械的一个实例。图1A所示的器械包括相对的、可彼此相对平行移动的夹钳。第一夹钳内设置有一排缝合件,第二夹钳具有一个砧座,用于容纳和闭合该缝合件。一个缝合件推压件设置于该第一夹钳内,并且从该第一夹钳的近端延伸到该第一夹钳的远端。一个驱动轴位于第一夹钳和缝合件推压件的运动平面内,并连接到第一夹钳和缝合件推压件上。当启动时,驱动轴驱动缝合件推压件,以同时推动所有的缝合件顶到第二夹钳的砧座中的缝合件引导结构上。
美国专利第4,442,964号、美国专利第4,671,445号、以及美国专利第5,413,267号中描述了外科器械的其它实例。该外科缝合器包括相对的、彼此可平行移动的夹钳,其中,第一夹钳内设置有一排缝合件,而第二夹钳设置有一个砧座,用于容纳和闭合该缝合件。一个缝合件推压件设置于该第一夹钳内,并且从该第一夹钳的近端延伸到该第一夹钳的远端。一个驱动轴位于第一夹钳和缝合件推进器的运动平面,并连接到第一夹钳和缝合件推压件上。当启动时,驱动轴驱动缝合件推压件,以同时推动所有的缝合件顶到第二夹钳的砧座中的缝合件引导结构上。
另一种类型的外科器械为线性夹紧、切割和缝合器械,例如美国专利第6,264,087中所描述的。该器械用于外科手术,以从胃肠道中切割癌变或异常组织。图1B的立体图中示出了一种传统的线性夹紧、切割和缝合器械。该器械包括一个手枪握持型结构,该结构具有细长的杆和一个远端。该远端包括一对剪刀型夹持元件,用于夹持结肠的开口端使之闭合。两个剪刀型夹持元件之一的砧座部可相对于整个结构移动或转动,而另一夹持元件则相对于整个结构保持固定。该剪刀元件的启动,即砧座部分的转动,是通过设置在手柄处的夹持扳柄来控制。除该剪刀型装置外,远端还包括一个缝合机构。剪刀型机构的固定夹持元件包括一个缝合件仓盒容纳区,以及一个用于驱动缝合件穿过组织的夹紧端并顶到砧座部上,从而将之前打开的端部缝合的机构。该剪刀型元件可以是与轴整体形成的,或者也可以是可拆卸的,以便可以互换各种的剪刀和缝合元件。
通常,这些外科器械以下述方式使用:在证实肠胃道中的癌变或其他异常组织之后(以及在确认该癌变组织在结肠中的位置之后),首先打开病人的腹部,使肠部外露。然后外科医生在癌变组织的两侧切除结肠管,并缝合封闭肠子的两个开口端(通向肛门的一端为远端,与下部肠子最接近的一端为近端)。该临时的封闭是为了尽可能减小暴露的腹部受肠内物质的污染。特别地,当使结肠位于外科器械的夹钳之间时,可实现肠子的两个开口端的临时闭合。通过启动第一驱动机构,外科医生可将夹钳会合在一起。然后启动第二驱动机构,以驱动一系列缝合件和一个切割刀片通过被夹紧的结肠端部,从而封闭和横切该端部。该过程通常要在癌变或异常组织的另一侧再次重复。
前述外科器械的一个问题在于,该器械可能操作起来很困难。由于这些器械通常用于躯体上,如在病人体内使用,因而该器械的结构应该能够在病人体内进行操作。传统的外科器械,如图1A和1B所示的那些外科器械很难操作,尤其在病人体内更难于操作。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个实施例,本发明涉及一种外科器械。该外科器械包括第一夹钳以及与该第一夹钳相对的第二夹钳。第一驱动器使得该第一夹钳和第二夹钳可在一平面相对运动。该第一驱动器与一驱动轴相接合,而该驱动轴可绕相对于该平面非平行,如垂直设置的旋转轴旋转。该器械还包括一个设置于第一夹钳内的外科部件。第二驱动器使得该外科部件可沿平行于该平面的方向相对运动。该第二驱动器与驱动轴接合,而该驱动轴可绕与该平面非平行设置的旋转轴旋转。
根据本发明的一个实施例,第一驱动座配置用来与第一旋转驱动轴的一端相耦合,该第一旋转驱动轴以一角度,如垂直于电动机械驱动器的第一和第二夹钳的平面设置,其中,该电动机械驱动器旋转该第一驱动轴。该第一旋转驱动轴沿第一方向旋转以打开夹钳,以及沿与第一方向相反的第二方向旋转以闭合夹钳。该第一驱动器可包括,例如,一对正齿轮、彼此具有旋转和啮合关系的蜗杆和蜗轮。该第一驱动器还包括外螺纹螺杆,其固定连接在蜗轮的一端,并且与第二夹钳的内螺纹孔相接合,从而,齿轮之间的相对运动可使得第一夹钳和第二夹钳也相对运动。
如上所述,该外科器械还可包括一个手术部件,例如,诸如刀之类的切割元件,以及安装到第一夹钳内设置的推板上的缝合元件。根据该实施例,第二驱动器设置在第一夹钳内。第二驱动器可沿与第一和第二夹钳的运动平面相平行的方向移动该手术部件。该第二驱动器包括第二驱动座,该第二驱动座以一角度,如垂直于该平面设置。
根据本发明的一个实施例,第二驱动器的第二驱动座配置用来与第二旋转驱动轴的一端耦合,该第二旋转驱动轴以一角度,如垂直于电动机械驱动器的第一和第二夹钳的平面设置,其中,该电动机械驱动器旋转该第二驱动轴。该第二驱动轴沿第一方向旋转以降低该手术部件,以及沿与第一方向相对的第二方向旋转以升高该手术部件。该第二驱动器可包括,例如,一对正齿轮、彼此具有旋转和啮合关系的蜗杆和蜗轮。该对蜗轮中的每一个均具有一个内置的内螺纹孔,与固定连接到该手术部件上的各个外螺纹螺杆相啮合。齿轮的旋转可使得该手术部件也相对运动。
附图说明
图1A为一种传统外科器械的侧视图;
图1B为一种传统线性夹紧、切割和缝合器械的立体图;
图2为根据本发明的一个实施例的电动机械外科系统的立体图;
图3为根据本发明的一个实施例的切割和缝合附件处于伸出位置的侧视图;
图4为图3所示切割和缝合附件处于缩回位置的侧视图;
图5为图3和4所示的切割和缝合附件处于缩回位置的侧视图;
图6为图3到5所示切割和缝合附件处于缩回位置的侧视图;
图7为图3和4所示的切割和缝合附件的俯视图;
图8A为根据本发明的一个实施例的切割和缝合附件的分解图;
图8B为根据本发明的另一个实施例的切割和缝合附件的分解图;
图9A为图8A所示的切割和缝合附件的立体图;
图9B为图8B所示的切割和缝合附件的立体图;
图10为图2所示电动机械外科器械的挠性轴的带局部剖的侧视图;
图11为沿着图10中的线11-11截取的挠性轴的横截面图;
图12为图10所示挠性轴的第一接合器的后视图;
图13为图10所示挠性轴的第二接合器的主视图;
图14为图2所示电动机械外科系统的电动机排布的示意图;
图15为图2所示电动机械外科系统的示意图;
图16为图10所示挠性轴的编码器的示意图;
图17为根据本发明的一个实施例的线性夹紧、切割和缝合器械的存储装置的示意图;
图18为图2所示的电动机械外科系统的无线远程控制单元的示意图;
图19为图2所示的电动机械外科系统的有线远程控制单元的示意图;
图20A到20C示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的外科器械的操作过程中,所执行的步骤的主操作程序的流程图;
图21A到21C示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的图20A到20C所示的主操作程序的夹钳闭合程序的流程图;
图22A到22C示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的图20A到20C所示的主操作程序的校准程序的流程图;
图23示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的图20A到20C所示的主操作程序的夹钳打开程序的流程图;
图24A到24C示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的图20A到20C所示的主操作程序的夹紧、切割和缝合程序的流程图;以及
图25A到25B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的图20A到20C所示的主操作流程的检测程序的流程图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的外科器械11的一个实施例示于图3到7中。参见图3和4,示出了一个外科器械11,例如夹紧、切割、和缝合器械的实施例。在该实施例中,外科器械11包括一个平行分开的夹钳装置,该夹钳装置的第二夹钳50与第一夹钳80相对。第二夹钳50的第一端50a机械地耦合到第一夹钳80的第一端80a。相对的夹钳50和80可相对彼此保持平行。可选择地,相对的夹钳50和80可以类似剪刀的方式而开合,其中,第二夹钳50的第一端50a与第一夹钳80的第一端80a通过铰链或其他可旋转件而机械地连接,从而第一夹钳80可旋转地耦合到第二夹钳50。
图3示出了处于打开位置的外科器械11,其中,第二夹钳50和第一夹钳80在其第一端50a和80a彼此接触。第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50可以在图3所示的X和Y轴限定的纵向平面内保持和移动。在第一夹钳80的一侧安装有一个齿轮箱体255。齿轮箱体255包括一个连接到第一驱动器150上的第一驱动座180,在此为清晰起见,均为示意性示出。第一驱动器150连接到第二夹钳50的第一端50a,以打开和闭合第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50。另外,齿轮箱体255还包括一个第二驱动座310。
图4示出了处于闭合位置的外科器械。在闭合位置,第二夹钳50和第一夹钳80在其第一端50a和80a以及其第二端50b和80b均彼此相接触。在闭合位置,将一段组织夹在第二夹钳50和第一夹钳80之间。
图5和6也示出了处于闭合位置的外科器械11。图5和6示意性地示出了齿轮箱体255的第二驱动座310耦合到第二驱动器261上。第二驱动器261耦合到外科手术元件262上。该外科手术元件262可包括一个切割和缝合组件262,当然,其他类型的外科手术元件也可以。
第二驱动器261连接到切割和缝合组件262上,以将该切割和缝合组件262从如图5所示的第一收缩位置移动到如图6所示的第二伸展位置。同时示出了两个驱动座,即,第一驱动座180和第二驱动座310,以及两个相应的驱动轴,即,第一驱动轴630和第二驱动轴632,当然也可以设置任何合适数量的驱动座和驱动轴。例如,也可设置单一的驱动轴以驱动外科器械。
图7为图3到6所示的外科器械11的俯视图。图7示出该外科器械11可拆卸地或永久地连接到电动机械驱动器部件610上。图7示出的外科器械11包括第一驱动器150,通过第一驱动座180,由第一驱动轴630连接到装置610的第一电动机680上。当第一驱动器150与装置610相接合时,可操作第一夹钳80相对第二夹钳50打开和闭合。另外,图7示出的外科器械11包括第二驱动器261,通过第二驱动座310,由第二驱动轴632连接到装置610的第二电动机676上。当第二驱动器261与装置610相接合时,可操作驱动切割和缝合组件262。如图7所示,第一驱动座180和第二驱动座310设置在外科器械11上,从而第一驱动轴630和第二驱动轴632以一角度,即,垂直于图3所示的X-Y平面而连接到外科器械11上。也就是说,第一驱动轴630和第二驱动轴632在图7所示的Z轴方向连接到外科器械11上。
图8A是根据本发明的一个实施例的外科器械11的分解视图,以及图9A是组装后的外科器械11的立体图。根据该实施例,第二夹钳50包括一个砧座505,该砧座通过紧固件527,如铆钉连接到砧座填装件509上。该砧座505的顶端5052上包括一个垂直设置的内螺纹孔5051。另外,该砧座505还包括多个沿着砧座505的区域5054平行排布的缝合件引导结构5053,该缝合件引导结构与第一夹钳相对。刀垫520设置在多个缝合件引导结构5053之间。
第一夹钳80包括一个壳体框架506。该壳体框架506包括一对设置在内部的引导结构5061,砧座505的一对肋5055可沿着该引导结构而移动,因而壳体框架506可以平行地对应于砧座505而移动。齿轮壳体255通过紧固件533和534,例如螺钉而安装到壳体框架506的一侧5062。
在齿轮壳体255上安装有快速连接的连接件511,并通过一套弹簧538施加偏压。该齿轮壳体255包括一个第一驱动座180和一个第二驱动座310。在该实施例中,该第一驱动座180包括第一小齿轮508a,该小齿轮的一端5081通过齿轮壳体255的开孔2551而延伸,小齿轮的另一端5082包括正齿轮齿5083。第二驱动座310包括第二小齿轮508b,该第二小齿轮的一端5084通过齿轮壳体255的第二开孔2552而延伸,而该第二小齿轮的另一端5085包括正齿轮齿5086。存储模块501设置在齿轮壳体255中并且包括一个连接器2554,其可以延伸穿过或者可以接近齿轮壳体255的开孔2553。存储模块501通过一个内垫片530和一个外垫片531而保持在齿轮壳体255中的适当位置上。该存储模块501也通过弹簧539在其位置上受偏压。
第一和第二小齿轮508a和508b分别与相应的正齿轮529a和529b相啮合。第一正齿轮529a包括一个内孔5293,该内孔与第一蜗杆523a的一端5231不可旋转地接合。该第二正齿轮529b包括一个内孔5294,该内孔与第二蜗杆523b的一端5234不可旋转地接合。如图8A所示,孔5293和5294以及端部5231和5234举例来说可以是方形。可以理解,该孔5293,5294和端部5231,5234可以为能在它们之间提供不可旋转接合的任何形状和结构。
在该实施例中,第一蜗杆523a具有一端5231,其与第一正齿轮529a的内孔5293不可旋转地接合,以及第二端部5232,其包括沿圆周设置的螺纹5233。该第二蜗杆523b具有一端5234,其与第二正齿轮529b的内孔5294不可旋转地接合,以及第二端5235,其包括沿圆周设置的螺纹5236。第一蜗杆523a的第二端5232设置在框架壳体506内,蜗杆523a的另一端5231通过框架壳体506的侧面的通孔5063延伸以与齿轮壳体255中第一正齿轮529a相接合。第二蜗杆523b的第二端5235设置在框架壳体506内,而蜗杆523b的另一端5234通过框架壳体506的侧面上的通孔5064以与齿轮壳体255上的第二正齿轮529b相接合。
另外在框架壳体506内还设置有蜗轮522。蜗轮522具有沿着圆周设置的齿5221,该齿与蜗杆523a的第二端5232的螺纹5233相啮合。蜗轮522包括一个内孔5222,螺杆521穿过该孔设置。该螺杆521具有一个头部5211,头部具有一个部分5212,该部分非旋转地与蜗轮522的内孔5222相接合。内孔5222与螺杆521的部分5212可以互补的,例如可以为方形。螺杆521还包括头部5211的一部分5213,该部分通过垫圈537和垫板535上孔5351而延伸。该螺杆521也可具有外螺纹5214,其与砧座505的内螺纹孔5051相接合。
在框架壳体506内设置有一个蜗轮516和一个蜗轮517。蜗轮516和蜗轮517位于蜗杆523b的相对两侧。特别地,蜗轮516包括沿圆周设置的轮齿5161,该轮齿与蜗杆523b的第一侧相啮合,蜗轮517包括沿圆周设置的轮齿5171,该轮齿与蜗杆523b的第二侧相啮合。蜗轮516包括一个圆柱形突起5162,其穿过垫板535上的孔5352而伸出。定位环536a与圆柱形突起5162的槽5163相接合,因此,蜗轮516可相对垫板535绕其垂直中心轴5165而旋转。蜗轮517包括一个圆柱形突起5172,其穿过垫板535上的孔5353而伸出。定位环536b与圆柱形突起5172上的槽5173相接合,以便使得蜗轮517可相对垫板535绕其垂直中心轴5175而旋转。
外部带有螺纹的螺杆504穿过蜗轮516的内螺纹孔5164而设置。外部带有螺纹的蜗杆503穿过蜗轮517的内螺纹孔5174而设置。由于蜗轮516和517位于并接合于蜗杆523b的相对两侧,所以,蜗轮516和517的内螺纹孔5164和5174,以及外螺纹螺杆504和503可以彼此设置为相反的螺纹。在所示的实施例中,蜗轮516的内螺纹孔5164也可是右旋螺纹,与螺杆504的右旋螺纹啮合,蜗轮517的内螺纹孔5174也可是左旋螺纹,与螺杆503的左旋螺纹相啮合。螺杆503和504均固定地连接到止推板502的顶面5021。该止推板502位于壳体框架506的相对两侧之间。
缝合件推压件514连接到推板502的底面5022。该缝合件推压件514包括平行的两排5141和5142向下设置的齿5143,每一个向下设置的齿均与砧座505的缝合件导向结构5053相对应并对齐。切削刃向下的刀519设置在缝合件推压件514的这两排平行的向下设置的齿5143之间。
缝合件座513设置在缝合件推压件514的下方。缝合件座513包括一个仓盒(cartridge),其具有垂直设置的槽5132,每一个槽与缝合件推压件514的向下设置的齿5143,以及砧座505的缝合件导引件5053相对应和对齐。包括尖头5281的缝合件528设置在各槽5132中。缝合件座513还包括纵向设置的槽5131,该槽穿过缝合件座513而延伸,刀519也通过该槽。缝合件座513包括一个与其一端5134相邻接的孔5133。
缝合件托板540连接到框架壳体506的下平行边5066上,或者连接到缝合件座513的下表面。缝合件托板540的结构设置成覆盖缝合件座513的底面,以便缝合件528保持在缝合件座513中,并且可防止在运输该外科器械11时,外部物质从缝合件座513的槽5132中进入。缝合件托板540还具有一个通孔5401,该通孔具有一个锥形的或斜面的边5402。该缝合件托板540还具有一个抓持部位5403,该结构可供使用者抓持。
与缝合件座513的一端5134相邻接的缝合件座513的孔5133用来容纳销子518的一端5181。销子518的该端5181是锥形的,从而可以放置在缝合件托板540的通孔5401的锥形边5402上。在该实施例中,销子518保持在基本垂直的位置,以便与缝合件座513相垂直。该销子518的相对端5184包括一个设置在中心的内孔5183,以接纳一个弹簧524。另外,在销子518的该端5184处设置有一个杠杆5182,该杠杆垂直连接到销子518。当将缝合件座540从外科器械11取出时,弹簧524将销子518的端部5181偏压到砧座505的孔5057中。
仓帽515例如通过焊接连接到框架壳体506的一端5067上。仓帽515的插销5151和5152与壳体框架506的凹槽5068相接合。仓帽515还包括一个设置在内部的孔5154,该孔用于容置销子518。仓帽515的孔5154包括一个与其连通的槽5153,该槽5153形成用于引导销子518的杠杆5182。在该实施例中,仓帽515的设置在内部的孔5154并没有通过仓帽515的顶面5155延伸;而是使弹簧524保持在设置在内部的孔5154中。弹簧524的偏压力将销子518的端部5181推到缝合件座513的孔5133中,并确保缝合件座513的定位,从而槽5132可与缝合件推压件514的向下设置的齿5143以及与砧座505的缝合件引导结构5053相对齐。仓帽515也通过锁扣526而保持在位置,该锁扣通过紧固件507可转动地连接到壳体框架506上。壳体顶部510设置在壳体框架506的相对两侧5062和5065之间,以保护壳体框架506内的组件。
图8A所示的实施例中包括一个薄的平面的缝合件托板540。当外科器械最初保持在闭合位置时,该缝合件托板540的结构适合将缝合件528保持在缝合件座513中,例如,当将外科器械11最初运送到用户处时,第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50在缝合件定位器540的相对两侧接触。缝合件托板540的这种结构可以确保在运输过程中,缝合件528位于缝合件座513内,并可防止缝合件528的损坏和砧座505的缝合件引导结构5053的损坏。然而,根据本发明的另一实施例,该外科器械11也可以最初即处于打开位置。图8B示出根据本发明的一个实施例的外科器械11的分解视图,而图9B示出了将图8B所示的外科器械11组装后的立体图。更加确切地,图8B示出的缝合件托板525的结构能使该外科器械11初始即保持在打开位置,例如,当外科器械11运送到用户时,第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50是分离的。
如图8B所示,缝合件托板525通过接头5251而连接到框架壳体506的下部平行的边5066上,从而可以将缝合件528保持在缝合件座513中,以防止在运输过程中,缝合件528的损坏以及砧座505的缝合件引导结构5053的损坏。该缝合件托板525包括一对沿着侧边5253a和5253b设置的引导结构5254,该引导结构向下延伸。引导结构5254与砧座505的外侧5056相接触,从而在运输和处理过程时,可以固定第一夹钳80,例如,与第二夹钳50相平行的外科装置11的壳体框架506等。因此,该引导结构5254可以防止在运输第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50处于打开位置的外科器械11时发生的第一夹钳80与第二夹钳50不能对齐的情况。
应该理解,图3到9B所示的根据本发明的实施例中包括了呈闸刀型布置的缝合和切割元件,在另一实施例中,缝合和切割元件也可以在该外科器械11的近端和远端之间移动。例如,在该外科器械11的一个可选择的实施例中,包括与缝合件和切割元件相连接的齿轮,该齿轮在该外科器械11的近端和远端之间移动,该齿轮通过非平行连接的,例如与第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50的运动平面相垂直连接的驱动轴而被驱动。
根据本发明的一个实施例,该外科器械11可以作为一个电动机械外科系统,例如电动机械驱动器部件610的附件,或者也可与其形成一体。在另一个实施例中,该外科器械也可作为一个机械驱动装置的附件,或与其形成一体。
图2示出了根据本发明的一个电动机械驱动器部件610的立体图。这种电动机械驱动器部件的实施例在以下文献中有描述,例如:美国专利申请第09/723,715号,美国专利申请第09/836.781号以及美国专利申请第09/887,789号,上述各文献在整体上都清楚地作为参考结合于此。电动机械驱动器部件610可包括,例如,远程功率控制台612,该远程功率控制台包括一个具有前面板615的壳体614。在该前面板615上安装有一个显示装置616和指示器618a,618b。从壳体614延伸有挠性轴620,通过第一接合器622,该挠性轴能够可拆卸地连接到前面板上。该挠性轴620的远端624可包括一个第二接合器626,以适合于可拆卸地将,例如上述外科器械11,连接到挠性轴620的远端624。该第二接合器626可适合于与不同的外科器械或附件可拆卸地相连接。在另一个实施例中,挠性轴620的远端624也可固定地连接到外科器械上,或与外科器械形成一体。
参见图10,该图为挠性轴620的带局部剖的侧视图。根据一个实施例,该挠性轴620包括一个管状的外壳628,该壳体包括一个涂层(coating)或者其他的密封设置,以便在其内部管道640和外界环境之间形成流体密封(fluid-tight seal)。外壳628可由一种与生理组织相兼容的能杀菌的弹性体材料制成。该外壳628也可由耐高压加热的材料制成。第一旋转驱动轴630、第二旋转驱动轴632,第一操纵线缆634、第二操纵线缆635、第三操纵线缆636、第四操纵线缆637、以及数据传输线缆638可设置在挠性轴620的内部管道中,并且沿着其整个长度延伸。图11示出沿着图10中的线11-11截取的挠性轴620的横截面图,并且还示出了各线缆630、632、634、635、636、637、638。操纵线缆634、635、636、637的各远端附着到挠性轴620的远端624。各线缆630、632、634、635、636、637、638可保持在各自的外壳内。
第一旋转驱动轴630和第二旋转驱动轴632可以形成例如具有高度柔性的驱动轴,例如,编制的或螺旋状的驱动轴。可以理解,该高度柔性的驱动线缆可能具有有限的扭矩传输特性和能力。同样也可以理解,连接到挠性轴620上的外科器械11或其他附件需要比通过驱动轴630、632所传送的扭矩更大的扭矩输入。因此驱动轴630、632能够以高速传送较低的扭矩,通过齿轮装置可以将高速/低扭矩转换为低速/高扭矩,而该齿轮装置可设置在外科器械或附件和/或远程功率控制台612上的挠性轴620的远端和/或近端。当然,可以理解,该齿轮装置可设置在沿一个动力链的任何位置,该动力链位于壳体614上的电动机和连接到挠性轴620上的外科器械或其他附件之间。该齿轮可包括,例如,正齿轮装置、行星齿轮装置、谐波齿轮装置、摆线驱动装置、周转齿轮装置(epicyclicgear)等。
现在参见图12所示,该图为第一接合器622的后端视图。第一接合器622包括一个第一连接件644,一个第二连接件648,一个第三连接件652、以及一个第四连接件656,各连接件均可旋转地固定到第一接合器622上。各连接件644、648、652、656包括各自的凹槽646、650、654、658。如图12所示,各凹槽646、650、654、658可以是六边形的形状。然而,可以知道,该凹槽646、650、654、658也可以是任意的形状和结构,只要适合于不可旋转地接合以及将连接件644、648、652、656刚性连接到固定在壳体612内的电动机装置的相应的驱动轴上即可。可以知道,在电动机装置的相应的驱动轴上还设置有互补的突起,从而可驱动挠性轴620的驱动元件。同样还可以知道,也可在驱动轴上设置凹槽而在连接件644、648、652、656上设置互补突起。也可设置任何其他的连接装置,只要其能够不可旋转地和可松脱地连接到连接件644、648、652、656以及电动机装置驱动轴上即可。
连接件644、648、652、656中的一个不可旋转地固定到第一驱动轴630上,而连接件644、648、652、656中的另一个不可旋转地固定到第二驱动轴632上。连接件644、648、652、656中的其余两个与传送元件相接合,该传送元件用来对操纵线缆634、635、636、637施加拉力,因此可以操纵挠性轴620的远端624。数据传送线缆638与数据连接器660电连接和逻辑连接。数据连接件660包括,例如电触点662,该电触点与数据线缆638中的各电线相对应,并且数量也相等。第一接合器622包括一个键结构642,以将第一接合器622正确地定位到设置在一个壳体612上的相匹配的互补接合器装置上。该键结构642可设置在第一接合器622和壳体612上设置的相匹配的互补接合器装置中任何一个上,或在两者上均设置有该键构件。第一接合器622可包括一个快速连接型的连接件,这种连接件通过简单的推压动作就可将第一接合器622接合到壳体612上。随任一连接件644、648、652、656、660,还设置有密封件,以便可在第一接合器622的内部和外界环境之间提供流体密封。
参见图13,为挠性轴620的第二接合器626的前端视图。在该实施例中,第二接合器626包括一个第一连接件666和一个第二连接件668,每一个均旋转地固定到第二接合器626上,并且每一个均不可旋转地固定到第一和第二驱动轴630、632中相应的一个的远端。快速连接型接头664设置在第二接合器626上,以将器械11可拆卸地固定到其上。该快速连接型接头664可以是,例如,旋转快速连接型接头,卡口(bayonet)连接型接头等。键结构674设置在第二接合器626上,用来将该器械11正确地与该第二接合器626相对齐。该键结构或其他可将该器械11与该挠性轴620正确对齐的其他装置可以设置在第二接合器626和器械11中任何一个上,或者在两者上都设置。另外,该快速连接型接头也可设置在器械11上,如图8A所示作为快速连接接合器511。第二接合器626上还设置有带有电触点672的数据连接件670。与第一接合器622的数据连接件660相似,第二接合器626的数据连接件670包括与数据传输线缆638的各导线电连接和逻辑连接的触点672和数据连接件660的触点662。随连接件666、668、670一起还设置有密封件,以便在第二接合器626的内部和外界环境之间提供流体密封。
电动机械驱动器元件设置在远程功率控制台612的壳体614内部,用于驱动驱动轴630、632以及操纵线缆634、635、636、637,从而使该电动机械驱动器部件610以及与第二接合器626连接的外科器械11工作。在图14所示的实施例中,远程功率控制台612中设置有五个电动机676、680、684、690、696,每个电动机均通过一个可以设置在该远端功率控制台中的电源来工作。然而,可以知道,也可设置任意合适数量的电动机,并且电动机也可以通过蓄电池电源、线路电流、直流电源、以及电子控制直流电源等来进行工作。同样应该想到,该电动机也可连接到一个DC电源上,该DC电源顺次又连接到线路电流上,这样,该线路电流供给电动机的工作电流。
图14示意性地示出了电动机的一种可能的布置。第一电动机676的输出轴678与第一接合器622的第一连接件644相接合,此时,第一接合器622,进而,挠性轴620与壳体614相接合,以驱动第一驱动轴630和第二接合器626的第一连接件666。相似地,第二电动机680的输出轴682与第一接合器622的第二连接件648相接合,此时第一接合器622,进而挠性轴620与壳体614相接合,从而驱动第二驱动轴632和第二接合器626的第二连接件668。第三电动机684的输出轴686与第一接合器622的第三连接器652相接合,此时第一接合器622,进而,挠性轴620与壳体614相接合从而可通过第一滑轮装置688驱动第一和第二操纵线缆634、635。第四电动机690的输出轴692与第一接合器622的第四连接器656相接合,此时第一接合器622,进而,挠性轴620与壳体614相接合,从而可通过第二滑轮装置694驱动第三和第四操纵线缆636、637。该第三和第四电动机684、690可固定在一个托架1100上,该托架通过第五电动机696的输出轴698可在第一位置和第二位置之间选择性的移动,以与第三和第四电动机684、690选择性地接合和脱开,而该第三和第四电动机与相应的滑轮装置688、694连在一起,从而使得挠性轴620可根据需要变得拉紧并可进行控制或者变得松软。应该想到,其他的机械的、电的、和/或机电的机构等均可用来选择性地与该操纵结构接合或脱开。作为实例,电动机可以如美国专利申请第09/510,923号中所述进行排布并具有所述的结构,其标题为“用于控制挠性轴内操纵芯线机构的托架组件”,其整体内容明确地结合于此作为参考。
可以知道,电动机676、680、684、690、696中任意一个或多个可以是,例如,高速/低扭矩电动机,低速/高扭矩电动机等。如以上所指出的,第一旋转驱动轴630和第二旋转驱动轴632可以配置用来传递高速和低扭矩。这样,第一电动机676和第二电动机680可以配置为高速/低扭矩的电动机。可选择地,第一电动机676和第二电动机680也可以配置为低速/高扭矩电动机,并在第一电动机676和第二电动机680与相应的第一旋转驱动轴630和第二旋转驱动轴632中的一个之间设置一个减扭矩/增速齿轮装置。该减扭矩/增速齿轮装置可包括,例如,正齿轮装置、行星齿轮装置、谐波齿轮装置、摆线驱动装置、周转齿轮装置等。可以知道,任意这种齿轮装置均可设置在远程功率控制台612内或挠性轴620的近端,例如设置在第一接合器622内。可以知道,齿轮装置可以设置在第一旋转驱动轴630和/或第二旋转驱动轴632的远端和/或近端,以防止其扭曲(windup)和损坏。
参见图15所示,为电动机械驱动器部件610的示意图。控制器1122设置在远程功率控制台612的壳体614上,配置用来控制电动机械驱动器部件610及线性夹紧、切割和缝合器械11或其他外科器械或连接到挠性轴620上的附件的所有功能和操作。还设置有一个存储单元1130,该存储单元可包括存储器装置,例如,ROM元件1132、RAM元件1134等。ROM元件1132通过线1136与控制器1122电连接和逻辑连接,RAM元件1134通过线1138与控制器1122电连接和逻辑连接。RAM元件1134可以包括任意类型的随机存取存储器,例如磁存储器、光存储器、磁光存储器、电子存储器等。类似地,ROM元件1132也可包括任意类型的只读存储器,例如,可移动存储器,例如PC卡或PCMCIA型设备等。可以知道,ROM元件1132和RAM元件1134可以配置为一个单个的单元,或者可以形成分开的单元,并且ROM元件1132和/或RAM元件1134也可设置为PC卡或PCMCIA型设备。
控制器1122还连接到壳体614的前面板615上,具体地,通过线路1154连接到显示装置616上,并通过相应的线路1156、1158连接到指示器618a、618b上。线路1116、1118、1124、1126、1128分别使控制器112电连接和逻辑连接到第一、第二、第三、第四、和第五电动机676、680、684、690、696上。有线遥控单元(RCU)1150通过线路1152电连接和逻辑连接到控制器1122上。还设置有无线遥控单元1148,其通过无线线路1160与接收/发送单元1146相连接,同时该接收/发送单元通过线路1144连接到收发器1140。该收发器1140通过线1142电连接和逻辑连接到控制器1122上。无线线路1160可以是,例如,光线路,如红外线线路、无线电线路、或其他任何形式的无线通讯线路。
开关装置1186可包括,例如,一个DIP开关阵列,可通过线路1188而连接到控制器1122。该开关装置1186,例如,可以配置用来选择在显示装置616上显示信息和提示所使用的多种语言中一种。该信息和提示可以涉及,例如电动机械驱动器部件610和/或连接到其上的外科器械11的运行和/或状态。
根据本发明的实施例,第一编码器1106可设置在第二接合器626内,并且其结构可配置为可响应第一驱动轴630的旋转,并根据该旋转而输出一信号。第二编码器1108也设置在第二接合器626内,并且配置为可响应第二驱动轴632的旋转,并根据该旋转而输出一信号。各编码器1106、1108输出的信号可表示出各驱动轴630、632的旋转位置及其旋转方向。该编码器1106、1108可包括,例如,霍耳效应器件、光学器件等。尽管编码器1106、1108被描述为设置在第二接合器626内,但是可以理解该编码器1106、1108也可设置在电动机系统和该外科器械11之间的任何位置上。应该想到,将编码器1106、1108设置在第二接合器626内或设置在挠性轴620的远端,可以得到该驱动轴旋转的精确测定数据。如果编码器1106、1108设置在挠性轴620的近端,则第一和第二旋转驱动轴630、632的扭曲可能会导致测定错误。
图16为编码器1106、1108的示意图,该编码器包括一个霍耳效应器件。具有北极1242和南极1244的磁体1240不可旋转地安装在驱动轴630、632上。该编码器1106、1108还包括一个第一传感器1246和一个第二传感器1248,该两个传感器相对于驱动轴630、632的纵向或旋转轴线以近似90°分开。传感器1246、1248的输出是持续的,并且随着该传感器的检测范围内所处的磁场的极性变化而改变其状态。因此,根据编码器1106、1108的输出信号,驱动轴630、632的角位置可以被确定在四分之一圆周的范围内,从而可以测定驱动轴630、632的旋转方向。各编码器1106、1108的输出信号通过数据传输线缆638的相应线路1110、1112而传送到控制器1122。控制器1122通过跟踪编码器1106、1108的输出信号所携带的驱动轴630、632的角坐标和旋转方向,从而可以测定出连接到电动机械驱动器部件610上的外科器械的部件的位置和/或状态。也就是说,通过计算该驱动轴630、632的转数,该控制器1122可以测定连接到电动机械驱动器部件610上的外科器械的部件的位置和/或状态。
例如,第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50以及该推板502之间的前进距离是各驱动轴630、632的旋转情况的函数,可以各驱动轴的旋转情况确定。通过及时确定第二夹钳50和推板502在某一点上的绝对位置,在这之后任何时间第一夹钳80和推板502的绝对位置可以利用基于编码器1106、1108的输出信号的第二夹钳50和推板502的相对位移,以及螺杆521和螺杆503、504的已知螺矩来确定推板。在该外科器械11首先连接到挠性轴620上时,该第二夹钳50和推板502的绝对位置可以是固定的并且是可确定的。可选择地,该第二夹钳50和推板502相对于,例如,第一夹钳80的位置可以根据编码器1106、1108的输出信号而测定。
该外科器械11可进一步包括一个数据连接件1272,如图8A所示,该数据连接件的尺寸和结构适合于电连接和逻辑连接到第二接合器626的连接件670上。在该实施例中,数据连接器1272包括与连接件670的导线672的数量相等的触点。存储器模块501与数据连接器1272电连接和逻辑连接。存储器模块501可以是如下的形式,例如EEPROM、EPROM等,并且可被装入,例如,外科器械11的第二夹钳50内。
图17示意示出了存储器模块501。如图17所示,数据连接件1272包括触点1276,每个该触点都通过相应的线路1278电连接和逻辑连接到存储器模块501上。该存储器模块501可配置用来存储,例如,序列号数据1180、附件类型标识符(ID)数据1182、以及使用数据(usage data)1184。该存储器模块501还可另外存储其他数据。序列号数据1180和ID数据1182均可设置为只读数据。该序列号数据1180和/ID数据1182可以存储在存储器模块501的只读区。在该实施例中,序列号数据1180可以是仅用来识别特定的外科器械的数据,而该ID数据1182可以是用来识别附件类型的数据,该附件可以是,例如,连接到系统610上的其他类型的外科器械或附件。使用数据1184表示特定附件的使用,例如,外科器械11的第一夹钳80打开和闭合的次数,或者外科器械11的推板前进的次数。该使用数据1184可以存储在存储器模块501中的读/写区。
应该想到,连接到挠性轴620的远端624上的附件,例如外科器械11可以设计和配置为仅可使用一次,或可使用多次。该附件也可被设计和配置为可使用预定的次数。相应地,该使用数据1184可以用来确定该外科器械11是否已被使用,以及使用次数是否已经超过预定的最大使用次数。如下所详细描述的,如果在达到所允许使用的最大次数后,仍然试图使用该附件,那么会产生一种“出错”状态。
请再次参照图15所示,当外科器械11最初连接到挠性轴620上时,该控制器1122配置为从外科器械11的存储器模块501中读取ID数据1182。该存储器模块501通过数据传输线缆638的线路1120而电连接和逻辑连接到控制器1122上。根据读取的ID数据1182,该控制器1122设置用来从存储器单元1130读取或选择与连接到该挠性轴620上的外科器械或附件的类型相对应的操作程序或运算法则。该存储器单元1130配置用来存储各种可利用类型的外科器械或附件所用的操作程序或运算法则,该控制器1122根据从连接的外科器械或附件的存储器模块501读取的ID数据,而从存储器单元1130中选择和/或读取运行程序或运算法则。如上所述,该存储器单元1130包括一个可移动的ROM元件1132和/或RAM元件1134。这样,可以根据需要,对存储在存储器单元1130中的操作程序或运算法则进行更新、添加、删除、改进、或者其它修改。存储在存储器单元1130中的操作程序或运算法则可以根据,例如,用户的特殊需求而专门定制。数据输入装置,例如,键盘、鼠标、定点设备、触摸屏等,可通过例如数据连接端口而连接到存储器单元1130,以使得操作程序或运算法则的定制更加容易。可选择地或者另外地,该操作程序或运算法则可以定制并预编在远离电动机械驱动器部件610的存储器单元1130中。应该想到,该序列号数据1180和/或使用数据1184也可用来确定从该存储器单元1130中读取或选定多个操作程序或运算法则中哪一个。可以意识到,作为选择,该运行程序或运算法则也可存储在外科器械11的存储器模块501中,并通过数据传输线缆638而传输到控制器1122中。一旦合适的操作程序或运算法被控制器1122读取或选定或被传送到该控制器,则该控制器1122将根据用户通过有线RCU 1150和/无线RCU1148进行的操作而开始执行该操作程序或运算法则。如上所述,该控制器1122通过相应的线路1116、1118、1124、1126、1128而电连接和逻辑连接到第一、第二、第三、第四、第五电动机676、680、684、690、696上,并且配置用来根据通过各线路1116、1118、1124、1126、1128而读取、选定或传输的该操作程序或运算法则来控制该电动机676、680、684、690、696。
现参见图18所示,为无线RCU 1148的示意图。无线RCU包括一个操纵控制器1300,其具有设置在四向摇移器(four-wayrocker)1310下的多个开关1302、1304、1306、1308。通过摇移器1310,开关1302、1304工作,并通过第三电动机684控制第一和第二操纵线缆634、635的工作。类似地,通过摇移器1310,开关1306、1308工作,并通过第四电动机392控制第三和第四操纵线缆636、637的工作。可以知道,该摇移器1310和开关1302、1304、1306、1308的设置可使得开关1302、1304的工作可在南北方向操纵挠性轴620,并且开关1306、1308的工作可在东西方向上操纵挠性轴620。在此的南北、东西是根据一个相对坐标系而定的。可选择地,也可设置数字操纵杆、模拟操纵杆等来取代摇移器1310和开关1302、1304、1306、1308。也可使用电位计或任何其他类型的执行机构来取代摇移器1310和开关1302、1304、1306、1308。
无线RCU 1148进一步包括一个操纵接合/脱离开关1312,该开关的操作可以控制第五电动机696的运行,以与操纵机构选择性的接合和脱离。无线RCU 1148还包括一个双向摇移器1314,其具有因而可操作的第一和第二开关1316、1318。这些开关1316、1318的操作可根据与所连接的器械11相对应的操作程序或运算法则而控制电动机械驱动器部件610、和任意的外科器械或附件,例如连接到到挠性轴620上的外科器械11的某些功能。例如,两路摇移器1314的操作可控制外科器械11的第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50的开合。无线RCU 1148还可设置有其它的开关1320,该开关的操作可根据与所连接的器械相对应的操作程序或运算法则,来进一步控制电动机械驱动器部件610和连接到挠性轴620上的附件的运行。例如,开关1320的操作可启动外科器械11的推板502的前进。
无线RCU 1148还包括一个控制器1322,其通过线路1324与开关1302、1304、1306、1308,通过线路1326与开关1316、1318,通过线路1328与开关1312,通过线路1330与开关1320电连接和逻辑连接。无线RCU 1148可以包括指示器618a′、618b′,其与前面板615的指示器618a、618b相对应,以及一个显示装置616′,其与前面板615的显示装置616相对应。如果设置上述器件,则指示器618a′、618b′通过相应的线路1332、1334电连接和逻辑连接到控制器1322,并且显示装置616′通过线路1336电和逻辑连接到控制器1322。控制器1322通过线路1340电连接和逻辑连接到收发器1338上,并且该收发器1338通过线路1344电连接和逻辑连接到接收器/传送器1342上。在该无线RCU 1148内还设置有电源,例如电池,以便为其提供电能。这样,无线RCU 1148可通过无线线路1160来控制电动机械驱动器部件610和连接到挠性轴620上的器械11的运行。
无线RCU 1148可以包括通过线路1348连接到控制器1322上的开关1346。开关1346的操作可通过无线线路1160将数据信号传送到传送器/接收器1146。该数据信号包括仅识别无线RCU 1148的标识数据。该标识数据被控制器1122用来防止电动机械驱动器部件610的未经准许的操作,以及用来防止另一无线RCU与电动机械驱动器部件610的运行相干涉。无线RCU 1148与电动机械外科器械610之间随后的每一次通信均包括标识数据。这样,该控制器1122可在无线RCU之间进行区别,因此,仅允许一个可识别无线RCU 1148的信号来控制电动机械驱动器部件610和连接到挠性轴620上的器械11的运行。
根据连接到挠性轴620上的器械的各部件的位置(该位置是根据编码器1106、1108的输出信号而确定),控制器1122可以按照与所连接的器械相对应的操作程序或运算法则的限定,选择性地使该电动机械驱动器部件610起作用或不起作用。例如,对于外科器械11而言,由开关1320的操作来控制的启动功能不可用,除非第二夹钳50和第一夹钳80之间的空间或间隙被确定在可接受的范围内。
现请参见图19,该图为有线RCU 1150的示意图。在该实施例中,有线RCU 1150包括与无线RCU 1148基本相同的控制元件,因此对这些元件的进一步描述将被省略。相似的元件在图19用附加的上标表示。应该想到,电动机械驱动器部件610和连接到挠性轴620上的附件,如外科器械11的功能可通过有线RCU 1150和/或无线RCU 1148来控制。作为实例,在无线RCU 1148的电池失效的情况下,有线RCU 1150可用来控制电动机械驱动器部件610以及连接到挠性轴620上的附件的功能。
如上所述,壳体614的前面板615包括显示装置616和指示器618a、618b。该显示装置616可包括一个字母数字显示(alpha-numeric display)装置,例如LCD显示装置。该显示装置616也可包括一个音频输出装置,例如,扬声器、蜂鸣器等。该显示装置616根据与连接到挠性轴620上的附件,例如外科器械11相对应的操作程序或运算法则,通过控制器1122来进行运行和被控制。如果没有外科器械或附件被这样连接,那么缺省的操作程序或运算法则可能被控制器1122读取或选定或被传输到该控制器,以控制显示装置616的工作,以及电动机械驱动器部件610的其他方面和功能。如果外科器械11被连接到了挠性轴620上,则显示装置616可以显示,例如,根据编码器1106、1108的输出信号所确定的表示第二夹钳50和第一夹钳80之间的间隙的数据,对此上文已进行了描述。
类似地,指示器618a、618b可以根据与连接到挠性轴620上的附件11,例如外科器械11相对应的操作程序或运算法则,通过控制器1122来运行和被控制。指示器618a和/或指示器618b可包括一个音频输出装置,例如,扬声器、蜂鸣器等,以及/或者一个视觉指示器装置,如LED、灯(lamp)、光窗(light)等。如果外科器械11被连接到挠性轴620上,指示器618a可指示,例如,电动机械驱动器部件610位于“开”的状态,并且,指示器618b可指示,例如,第二夹钳50和第一夹钳80之间的间隙是否处在能接受的范围内。可以意识到,尽管只描述了两个指示器618a、618b,但是必要时可以额外设置任意数量的指示器。另外,还应该想到,尽管只描述了一个单一的显示器616,但是必要时可以额外设置所需的任意数量的显示器。
有线RCU 1150的显示器616′和指示器618a′、618b′,以及无线RCU 1148的显示器616″和指示器618a″、618b″通过相应的控制器1322、1322′,根据连接到挠性轴620上的器械的操作程序或运算法则而进行类似的运行和控制。
如上所述,外科器械11可以配置用来夹紧、切割、以及固定一部分组织。以下将结合对病人肠部组织的癌变或异常部分的切除,对器械11的操作进行说明,而这仅是使用外科器械11进行的一种类型的组织和一种类型的外科手术。通常地,操作时,在胃肠道内的癌变或异常组织被定位后,首先打开病人的腹部以将肠部露出。根据电动机械驱动器部件610设置的远程动作,该外科器械11的第一和第二夹钳50、80被第一驱动器推进到打开的位置。如上所述,该外科器械可以一开始就保持在打开位置,因此就不再需要首先将该外科器械11推进到打开位置。将紧邻癌变组织一侧的肠管放置到打开的第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间。通过远程动作,该第一驱动器反方向接合,第一夹钳80与第二夹钳50靠近,夹紧二者之间的肠组织。一旦肠被牢牢夹紧时,第二驱动器接合,这使得推板(上面安装有缝合件推压件和刀)在图5所示的第一位置与图6所示的第二位置之间移动,从而可切割和缝合该肠。然后,反方向接合第二驱动器,使得缝合件推压件和刀回到图5所示的第一位置,然后第一驱动器接合,以驱动该外科器械11的第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50回到打开的位置。在癌变组织的另一侧重复这些步骤,从而可以切除具有癌变组织的肠组织,该肠组织的两端均被钉住,以避免肠内物质在打开的腹部内流动。
更确切地,根据本发明的实施例,该外科器械11连接到电动机械驱动器部件610的附件接合器626上,从而第一驱动座180与电动机械驱动器部件610的第一驱动轴630相接合,而第二驱动孔310与电动机械驱动器部件610的第二驱动轴632相接合。小齿轮508a通过第一驱动座180的旋转而旋转,而第一驱动座的旋转又是通过电动机械驱动器部件610的相应的驱动轴630的旋转而旋转的。小齿轮508a的顺时针或逆时针旋转取决于电动机680的旋转方向。小齿轮508b通过第二驱动座310的旋转而旋转,而第二驱动座的旋转又是通过电动机械驱动器部件610的相应的驱动轴632的旋转而旋转的。小齿轮508b的顺时针或逆时针旋转取决于电动机676的旋转方向。
当该外科器械11处于如图4所示的初始闭合位置时,第一电动机680运行以便使该外科器械置于打开位置。特别地,启动与第一驱动轴630相对应的第一电动机680,而该第一驱动轴与第一驱动座180相接合,从而,可使得小齿轮508a在第一转动方向,例如,逆时针方向转动。由于小齿轮508a的沿圆周设置的轮齿5083与正齿轮529a的沿圆周设置的轮齿5291相啮合,所以小齿轮508a的旋转使得该正齿轮在第一转动方向,例如顺时针方向转动,其与小齿轮508a的旋转方向相反。第一正齿轮529a的内孔5293与第一蜗杆523a的端部5231相接合,因此使得第一蜗杆523a沿与第一正齿轮529a相同的方向,即顺时针方向旋转。蜗杆523a的螺纹5233与蜗轮522的轮齿5221相啮合,因此使得蜗轮522以第一转动方向,例如逆时针方向(从顶部方向看)旋转。蜗轮522的内孔5222与螺杆521的头部5211的部分5212相接合,从而,使得螺杆521在第一转动方向,例如逆时针方向(从顶部方向看)旋转。螺杆521的外螺纹5214与砧座505的内螺纹孔5051的螺纹相啮合,从而使得砧座505沿向下的方向,即,远离框架壳体506的方向移动。这样,该第二夹钳50以连续的方式被打开。在所示的实施例中,第二夹钳与第一夹钳80以平行对齐的方式,例如在一个平面内打开,并且开始与第一夹钳80分离。电动机以该方式连续运行,最终使该外科器械11处于一个打开的状态,如图3所示,在第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间具有一空间。
接下来,将连接到框架壳体506的下部平行边缘5066,或连接到缝合件座513的下部表面的缝合件托板540移去。根据一个实施例,缝合件座配置为通过向上拉销子518的杠杆5182,将销子518的端部5181拉出缝合件托板540的通孔5401。可以抓住缝合件托板540的抓持部位5403,从而可将缝合件托板540拉离该外科器械11。接下来,将一段组织放入第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间。随着将缝合件座540从该外科器械11中移走,以及将该段组织放置在第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间,销子518的端部5181被插入到砧座505的孔5057中,并且根据弹簧524的偏压保持在插入位置,以使该段组织始终位于夹钳之间。
第一电动机680反方向运行以将该外科器械置于闭合位置。具体地,与第一驱动轴630相对应的第一电动机680开始动作,而该第一驱动轴与第一驱动座180相接合,因此,使得小齿轮508a在第二旋转方向,如顺时针方向旋转。由于小齿轮508a的沿圆周方向设置的轮齿5083与正齿轮529a的沿圆周方向设置的轮齿5291相啮合,小齿轮508a的旋转使得正齿轮529a在第二方向,如,逆时针方向,即与小齿轮508a的旋转方向相反的方向旋转。第一正齿轮529a的内孔5293与第一蜗杆523a的端部5231相接合,因而,该第一正齿轮529a的旋转使得第一蜗杆523a沿与第一正齿轮529a相同的旋转方向,即,逆时针方向旋转。该蜗杆523a的螺纹5233与蜗轮522的轮齿5221相啮合,因而该第一蜗杆523a的旋转使得该蜗轮522沿第二方向,即,顺时针方向(从顶部看)旋转。蜗轮522的内孔5222与螺杆521的头部5211的部分5212相接合,因此,蜗轮522的旋转使得该螺杆521沿第二方向,即顺时针方向(从顶部看)旋转。该螺杆521的外螺纹5214与砧座505的内螺纹孔5051的螺纹相啮合,因而,螺杆521的旋转使得砧座505沿向上的方向,即朝向框架壳体506的方向移动。这样,第二夹钳50以连续的方式闭合,并且接近第一夹钳80。电动机以该种方式连续运行,最终将使得该外科器械11处于闭合状态,如图4所示,其中,该组织夹持在该第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间。在该闭合的状态下,被缝合和切割的该部分组织被夹持在缝合件座513的一对平行设置的边缘5253a和5253b以及砧座505的区域5054之间。
为了开始该缝合和切割程序,第二电动机676开始动作以将推板502从第一上升位置,例如缩回位置移动到第二下降位置,例如延伸的位置。具体地,与第二驱动轴632相对应的第二电动机676开始启动。该第二驱动轴632与第二驱动座310相接合,这样,该第二驱动轴632在第一方向,如逆时针方向旋转,使得小齿轮508b在第一旋转方向,即逆时针方向旋转。该小齿轮508b的沿圆周设置的轮齿5086与正齿轮529b的沿圆周设置的轮齿5292相啮合,该小齿轮508b的旋转使得该正齿轮529b沿第一方向,例如与小齿轮508b的旋转方向相反的顺时针方向旋转。该正齿轮529b的内孔5294与该第二蜗杆523b的端部5234相接合,从而,该正齿轮529b的旋转使得第二蜗杆523b沿与第二正齿轮529b相同的旋转方向,如顺时针方向旋转。该蜗杆523b的螺纹5236与蜗轮516的蜗轮齿5161相啮合,从而,该第二蜗杆523b的旋转使得该蜗轮516沿第一方向,如逆时针的方向(从顶部看)旋转。该蜗轮516的内螺纹孔5164的螺纹与螺杆504的螺纹相啮合。由于螺杆504是不可旋转地连接到推板502上,因此螺杆504和推板502一起在向下的方向移动。同时,蜗杆523b的螺纹5236与蜗轮517的轮齿5171相啮合,因而蜗杆523b的旋转使得蜗轮517首先在如顺时针方向(从顶部看)旋转。蜗轮517的内螺纹孔5174的螺纹与螺杆503的螺纹相啮合。由于螺杆503不可旋转地连接到推板502,因而螺杆503与推板502一起沿向下的方向移动。这样,推板502以连续的方式向下移动,安装到该推板502的底面5022上的缝合件推压件514和刀519也以连续的方式向下移动。
随着缝合件推压件514降下,缝合件推压件514的向下设置的齿5143穿过缝合件座513的槽5132而推进。最初设置在缝合件座513的槽5132中的缝合件528被向下推出槽5132的下部开口,并且穿过被夹紧的组织,直到缝合件528的尖部5281接触到相对应的砧座505的缝合件引导结构5053为止。该缝合件引导结构5053将该缝合件528的尖部5281弯曲并闭合,从而可以缝合该组织。同时,安装到推板502的底面5022上的刀519穿过缝合件座513的纵向设置的槽5131,直到该刀接触到砧座505的刀垫520为止,从而可以切除该被夹紧的组织。
完成缝合和切除程序后,第二电动机676开始动作以便将推板502从第二向下位置移动到第一上升位置。具体地,与第二驱动轴632相对应的第二电动机676启动,而该第二驱动轴与第二驱动座310相对应。第二驱动轴632的旋转使得小齿轮508b沿第二方向,如顺时针方向旋转。小齿轮508b的齿5086与正齿轮529b的轮齿5292相啮合,因此该小齿轮508b的旋转使得该正齿轮529b沿第二方向如逆时针方向旋转。该正齿轮529b的内孔5294与第二蜗杆523b的端部5234相接合,从而该正齿轮529b的旋转使得该第二蜗杆523b沿第二旋转方向,如逆时针方向旋转。蜗杆523b的螺纹5236与蜗轮516的沿圆周设置的轮齿5161相啮合,从而,该蜗杆523b的旋转使得该蜗轮516沿第二方向,例如顺时针方向(从顶部看)旋转。该蜗轮516的内螺纹孔5164的螺纹与螺杆504的螺纹相接合,由于该螺杆504是不可旋转地连接到该推板502上,因而螺杆504和推板502一同沿向上的方向移动。同时,该蜗杆523b的螺纹5236与该蜗轮517的轮齿5171相啮合,从而该蜗杆523b的旋转使得该蜗轮517沿第二方向,例如逆时针方向(从顶部看)旋转。蜗轮517的内螺纹孔5174的螺纹与螺杆503的螺纹相接合,并且由于螺杆503不可旋转地连接到该推板502上,因而螺杆503和该推板502一同沿向上的方向移动。这样,推板502以连续的方式上升,从而安装到该推板502的底面上的缝合件推压件514和刀子519也同样以连续的方式上升到其最初的缩回位置。
完成切割和缝合该组织并使刀子519返回到缩回位置后,第一电动机680启动以将该外科器械置于打开位置。具体地,与第一驱动轴630相对应的第一电动机启动。该第一驱动轴630与第一驱动座180相接合,因而该第一驱动轴630的旋转使得小齿轮508a沿第一旋转方向,如逆时针方向旋转。小齿轮508a的齿5083与正齿轮529a的轮齿5291相接合,因而小齿轮508a的旋转使得该正齿轮沿第一方向,例如顺时针方向旋转。该第一正齿轮529a的内孔5293与该第一蜗杆523a的端部5231相接合,因而该第一正齿轮529a的旋转使得第一蜗杆523a沿与该第一正齿轮529a相同的方向,如顺时针方向旋转。该蜗杆523a的螺纹5233与蜗轮522的轮齿5221相接合,因而蜗杆523a的旋转使得该蜗轮522沿第一方向,例如顺时针方向(从顶部看)旋转。该蜗轮522的内孔5222与螺杆521的头部5211的部分5212相接合,因而该蜗轮522的旋转使得该螺杆521沿第一方向,例如逆时针方向(从顶部看)旋转。该螺杆521的外螺纹5214与砧座505的内螺纹孔5051相接合,因而该螺杆521的旋转使得该砧座505沿向下的方向移动,例如远离框架壳体506移动。这样,第二夹钳50与第一夹钳80相分离,直到该外科器械11位于打开位置,如图3所示,在第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间具有一空间。
之后,该外科器械11与该电动机械驱动器部件相分离,并且替换为另一个外科器械11,因而可以在不同的组织部分上,例如在异常或癌变组织的相对侧进行同样的夹紧、切割、以及缝合程序。一旦该肠子的第二端也被夹紧、切割、以及缝合,该外科器械11也可与电动机械驱动器部件610相分离。必要时,操作者也可将该附件丢弃或对其进行消毒以再使用。
要注意,在该外科器械11启动之前应该进行校准程序。该程序在2001年12月4日提交的美国临时申请第60/337,544号中有所描述,该临时申请的标题为“外科器械的校准”,其内容结合于此作为参考。
根据图8A和8B所示的本发明的实施例,该外科器械11可以是非重复装载型(non-reloadable),例如,操作者不能将该缝合件座513从壳体506上移走而重新用随后的成排的缝合件523来装载该外科器械11,从而不能对相同的或其他的病人重复使用该外科器械11,或重复使用该外科器械来完成相同的或其他的程序。这样,在启动该外科器械11用缝合件座513中的缝合件528来缝合组织部分后,该外科器械11不能再次启动用一套新的缝合件528或新的缝合件座513来缝合另一部分组织。该外科器械11设置为非重新装载型的,由于该外科器械11不能有意或无意地对两个不同的病人使用,也不能对同一个病人重复使用,因而可以减小污染或感染的危险。然而,根据本发明的一个实施例,该外科器械11也可以是重复装载型的。例如,在该实施例中,该外科器械11可以设置为其中的某些部件可以从该外科器械11中移走,从而相对于该外科器械11是可更换的。例如,根据本发明的一个实施例,仓帽515、销子518、其上装有刀子519的缝合件推压件514、以及其上连接有缝合件托板540的缝合件座513,形成一个可以更换的仓盒(cartridge),该仓盒能够可拆卸地连接到壳体506上,从而可以在使用后从壳体506上移走以便更换另一个仓盒。该可更换的仓盒在上夹钳80和下夹钳50处于完全打开的位置时可以移走,以防止在上夹钳80和下夹钳50夹紧、切割和缝合部分组织时,该仓盒不慎移出。在图8A和8B所示的实施例中包括位于砧座填装件(filler)509上的导轨5091,当上夹钳80与下夹钳50不处于完全打开位置时,该导轨与该缝合件座513的导轨槽5135相接合,而当该上夹钳80与该下夹钳50处于完全打开的位置时,该导轨与该导轨槽不相接合,因此,可使该可替换仓盒的缝合件座513以及其他的部件能够可滑移地从壳体506上拆下,以便进行更换。在一个可选择的实施例中,该缝合件座513可滑入和滑出壳体506,因而,在第一套缝合件528使用后,用户可往壳体506中滑入具有一套新的缝合件528的新的缝合件座513。可选择地,当缝合件座513中的第一套缝合件528使用后,操作者可以在该相同的缝合件座513中替换缝合件528,从而可重新使用同一缝合件座513。销子518可以从缝合件座513的孔5133中缩回,从而该仓帽515能够可拆除地或可移动地连接到壳体506上。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,该外科器械11也可设置为具有受限制的重复装载性。例如,该外科器械11可设置为仅允许更换一次缝合件座513,这样,对同一病人仅允许进行两次夹紧、切割、以及缝合操作,例如,可在癌变组织的相对侧进行,但是该缝合件座513的更换不允许超过两次。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,该外科器械11也可配置为缝合件座513中保持两套缝合件528,第一套缝合件用于组织癌变部分的一侧,而第二套用于组织癌变部分的另一侧。应该理解,该外科器械11可以配置用来使用任意次数,其使用情况可根据使用数据1184确定。也就是说,存储模块501可用来存储表示该外科器械11重新装载次数的数据。这样,根据该操作程序,电动机械驱动器部件610可以根据存储在存储模块501中的使用信息来限制外科器械11重复装载的次数。
重复装载型外科器械11的操作与如上所述的非重复装载型的外科器械11的操作相似。然而,该外科器械11的可重复装载性使得操作者可以在该外科器械11的操作过程中进行另外的步骤。例如,一旦该外科器械11最初处于打开位置时,操作者可以取放该缝合件座513,也可对其进行检查以确定该缝合件528是否已准备好和/或确定是否有必要将该缝合件座513用一个更加合适的缝合件座513来替换。相似地,一旦进行了夹紧、切割、以及缝合操作,并且使用了一套缝合件518,则操作者可以再次取放该缝合件座513,以便用另一个缝合件座513来更换该缝合件座513,或者在同一缝合件座513上插入另一套缝合件518。
根据图8A和8B所示的本发明的实施例,该外科器械11可以配置用来在多个操作范围内进行操作。该特征具有如下优点:当组织部分具有不同的厚度时,非常适合使用该外科器械11。例如,根据本发明的一个实施例,该外科器械11可以设置为,当该外科器械11处于闭合位置时,可以改变上夹钳80和下夹钳50之间的距离,或者当推板535处于完全延伸位置时,可以改变该推板535相对于上夹钳80的位置。根据一个实施例,该外科器械11可以是重复装载型的,这样,可以使用两种或多种不同尺寸的缝合件座513,例如,不同厚度的缝合件座513或者容纳不同长度的缝合件518的缝合件座。在该实施例中,操作者可以选择使用其内设置有不同尺寸缝合件528的两个或多个不同缝合件座513中的一个。该缝合件座513可包括一个可通过控制器1122读取的存储模块,以便该控制器1122在识别缝合件座513时,可以按照其是否包括适于缝合相应厚度的组织的缝合件来识别。然后,该控制器1122在操作过程中可以控制第一驱动轴630,使得当该外科器械11被移动到闭合位置时,上夹钳80和下夹钳50之间的距离与要进行切割和通过缝合件523缝合的组织的厚度相应。类似地,该控制器1122可以控制第二驱动轴632,使得当移动到延伸位置时,该推板535、缝合件推压件514、以及刀519的位置与要进行切割和通过缝合件523缝合的组织的厚度相应。
根据本发明的另一实施例,也可使用不同尺寸的非重复装载型的外科器械11,该非重复装载型外科器械11的各尺寸对应于要进行切割和缝合的组织的不同厚度。在该实施例中,外科器械11的存储模块501包括可由控制器1122读取的数据,使控制器1122能够识别出与要进行切割和缝合的组织的特定厚度相对应的外科器械11。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,该控制器1122配置用来为同一套缝合件523提供一个以上的操作范围。例如,该控制器1122可以配置为使操作者可以选择与要切除或缝合的组织的不同厚度相应的设置。例如,根据一个实施例,该控制器1122配置用来启动第一驱动轴630以将上夹钳80闭合到与下夹钳50相对的第一位置以将设置在其间的组织部分夹紧。然后,操作者可以选择是否启动第二驱动轴632以切除和缝合组织,或者是否再次启动第一驱动轴630以将上夹钳80闭合到与下夹钳50相对的第二位置。该实施例具有如下优点:在要切除和缝合的组织外露以及其厚度确定之前,操作者不需要预选该外科器械11的具体尺寸,或者预选该外科器械11所用的可更换的仓盒。该种布置可以防止操作者预选错误的尺寸或者保存一个以上可用尺寸的清单。
该外科器械11还可配置为在连接到电动机械驱动器部件610时可自动进行校准。例如,控制器1122可以配置为在运行之前要打开或闭合该外科器械11,以便确定该外科器械11的完全打开或完全闭合位置。根据一个实施例,该外科器械11和电动机械驱动器部件610配置用来通过采用机械急停(hard-stop)校准部件,执行独立于缝合件托板540的存在和厚度的自动校准程序。如上所述,用于外科器械的一种校准程序的实施例在第60/337,544号美国临时专利申请中有所描述,其内容结合于此作为参考。
图20A到20C示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的用于操作该外科器械11的主操作程序的流程图。根据本发明的一个实施例,该主操作程序通过控制器1122来执行,当然可以理解,其他的或另外的控制器、电子设备等也可配置用来执行该流程图中的一些或所有步骤。参见图20A,在步骤2002中,初始化主操作程序。该步骤2002可包括,例如,如上所述从存储单元1130中或从该外科器械11的存储模块501中获得操作程序的步骤。在步骤2004中,在RAM 1134中的各相应存储位置清除对“DLU当前”(DLUPRESENT)特征位(flag)、“DLU原”(DLU OLD)特征位、“DLU就绪”(DLU READY)特征位、“DLU启动”(DUL FIRED)特征位、以及“轴检测”(SHAFT TEST)特征位进行清零。术语“DLU”是指该外科器械11或其他的装置或连接到电子动机械驱动器部件610上的外科器械11或其他装置或附件。在步骤2006中,对电动机/工具,例如驱动该外科器械11的电动机676、680的端部位置进行初始化。根据本发明的一个实施例,刀519的端部位置初始化在0mm,而砧座505的端部位置初始化在1.5mm。在步骤2008中,将该外科器械11的序列号,例如存储到该外科器械11的存储模块501中的ID数据1182,从该存储模块501中读取并保存。根据本发明的一个实施例,如果读取和保存该外科器械11的序列号失败,则步骤2008将在预定的时间段内重复执行预定的次数,或者按照预定的时间间隔重复执行。该预定的次数可以是,例如三次,该预定的时间段可以是,例如100ms。如果不论是在开始时还是在重试预定次数后,读取和保存该外科器械的序列号均告失败,则可确定为出错状态,在这种情况下,操作如下所述结束。
在步骤2010中,确定该ID数据1182是否被成功读取和/或该ID数据1182是否有效。如果在步骤2010中确定ID数据1182未被成功读取和/或该ID数据1182无效,那么,在步骤2012中,控制返回核心程序,例如,电动机械驱动器部件610的基本运行程序。如果在步骤2010中确定,该ID数据1182已经在步骤2008中被成功读取和/或该读取的ID数据1182有效,那么,在步骤2014中,读取RAM 1134的“DLU新”的特征位。在步骤2016中,判断该“DLU新”特征位是否被成功读取和/或该“DLU新”特征位是否有效。如果在步骤2016中确定该“DLU新”特征位未被成功读取和/或该特征位无效,则控制程序进入步骤2012,在该步骤控制返回核心程序。如果在步骤2016中确定DLU NEW特征位已被成功地读取和/或有效,则控制程序进入步骤2018。
在步骤2018中,基于DLU NEW特征位判断该外科器械11是否是新的。如果在步骤2018中确定该外科器械11是新的,则控制程序进入步骤2026。在步骤2026中,对该外科器械11进行自动调零操作,并且控制程序进入步骤2028。步骤2026中的自动调零程序以下将结合图22A到22C所示的流程图进行解释。如果在步骤2018中确定该外科器械11不是新的,则控制程序进入步骤2020,在该步骤中,电动机械驱动器部件610的显示装置616指示为该外科器械11在步骤2018中确定不是新的。例如,在步骤2020中,该显示装置616可以快速闪烁和/或发出一个音频的声音信号。在步骤2022中,在显示装置616上会显示如“连接新DLU”的信息。在步骤2024中,设置存储装置,如RAM 1134的该“DLU原”特征位,从而取消除打开功能之外的所有功能。另外,设定存储装置,如RAM 1134的“DLU轴”和“自动调零”特征位,以取消启动轴测试功能和自动调零功能。在步骤2028中,重置“DLU校验(check)”计时器、“启动按钮”计时器、以及“启动按钮”计数器。
在步骤2028执行完毕后,控制程序进入图20B的流程图所示的步骤中。在步骤2030中,判断电子机械驱动器部件610的主电动机电源是否被切断。如果在步骤2030中确定该主电动机电源已被切断,控制程序进入步骤2032中,在该步骤中在显示装置616上显示诸如“错误010-查看操作者手册”之类的信息。在步骤2034中,提供指示信号,例如重复发送一声音信号,例如每秒钟一次,直到电动机械驱动器部件610切断电源。如果在步骤2030中确定主电动机电源没有被切断,则在步骤2036中远程控制装置读取数据。在步骤2040中,判断在例如RAM 1134中是否设定了“DLU原”特征位。如果设定了“DLU原”特征位,则控制程序进入步骤2054中。如果在步骤2040中确定没有设定“DLU原”特征位,则控制程序进入步骤2042中,在该步骤中,判断“启动”键,如无线RCU 1148的开关1320,或有线RCU 1150的开关1320′是否被按下。如果在步骤2042中确定,该“启动”键被按下,则控制程序进入步骤2044中,在该步骤中执行启动操作。该启动操作将在下文中描述,其示于图24A到24C中。如果在步骤2042中确定该“启动”键没有被按下,则控制程序进入步骤2046。
在步骤2046中,判断“闭合”键,如无线RCU 1148的开关1320或有线RCU 1150的开关1320′是否被按下。如果在步骤2046中确定该“闭合”键被按下,则控制程序进入步骤2048,在该步骤中,执行如图21A到21C所示的闭合操作。如果在步骤2046中确定该“闭合”键没有被按下,则控制程序进入步骤2054,在该步骤中,判断“打开”键,如无线RCU 1148的开关1320或有线RCU 1150的开关1320′是否被按下。如果在步骤2054中确定该“打开”键被按下,则控制程序进入步骤2056,在该步骤中,执行如图23所示的打开操作。如果在步骤2054中确定该“打开”键没有被按下,则控制程序进入步骤2058。
在步骤2058中,判断其它任意键,如无线RCU 1148或有线RCU 1150的任意键是否被按下。如果在步骤2058中确定有一键被按下,则控制程序进入步骤2064。如果在步骤2058中确定没有键被按下,则控制程序进入步骤2060。在步骤2060中,判断启动按钮计时器是否超过了预定的时段,如10秒。如果在步骤2060中确定启动按钮计时器确实超过了预定的时间段,则该启动按钮计时器和计数器在步骤2062中重置。然后控制程序进入步骤2064,在该步骤中,判断启动按钮计数器是否具有值“1”。如果在步骤2064中确定启动按钮计数器具有值“1”,则控制程序进入步骤2066,在该步骤中,显示装置616上恢复显示砧座间隙。在步骤2066执行完毕后,控制程序进入步骤2050,在该步骤中,重置启动按钮计数器。之后,在步骤2052中,调入核心程序(kernel)以便检查操纵或脱开按键,并进行该程序。
在步骤2044之后,执行步骤2052或步骤2060,控制程序进入图20C所示的步骤。在步骤2068中,判断DLU检测计时器的值是否大于或等于预定值,如100ms。如果在步骤2068中确定,该DLU检查计时器没有值大于或等于预定值,则控制程序进入步骤2082。如果在步骤2068中确定,该DLU检查计时器的值大于或等于预定值,则在步骤2070中,重置该DLU检查计时器。在步骤2072中,读取该DLU的序列号。在步骤2074中,判断DLU的序列号是否能被读取。如果在步骤2074中确定该DLU的序列号不能被读取,则将RAM 1134中的“DLU当前”特征位清零。如果在步骤2074中确定该DLU的序列号能被读取,则在步骤2078中设定该DLU的当前特征位。
在步骤2080中,判断该外科器械11的序列号是否改变。如果在步骤2080中确定该序列号没有被改变,则控制程序进入步骤2082中,在该步骤中调入IDLE程序。之后,控制返回步骤2030。如果在步骤2080中确定序列号没有改变,则在步骤2084中,将该序列号存储在一个临时存储位置。在步骤2086中,读取外科器械11的序列号。在步骤2088中,判断该DLU序列号是否能被读取。如果在步骤2082中确定该DLU序列号不能被读取,则控制程序进入步骤2082,在该步骤中,调入IDLE程序。如果在步骤2088中确定该DLU序列号能被读取,则在步骤2090中,针对该DLU序列号与存储在临时存储位置的序列号,执行一个比较步骤。如果在步骤2090中确定,DLU序列号与存储在临时存储位置的序列号之间的比较不成功,则控制程序进入步骤2082,在该步骤调入IDLE程序。如果在步骤2090中确定,DLU序列号与存储在临时存储位置的序列号之间的比较是成功的,则在步骤2092中,读取该外科器械11的序列号。在步骤2094中,判断DLU的序列号是否能被读取。如果在步骤2094中确定该DLU的序列号不能被读取,则控制程序进入步骤2082,在该步骤调入IDLE程序。如果在步骤2094中确定该DLU的序列号能被读取,则在步骤2096中,针对该DLU序列号与存储在临时存储位置的序列号,执行一个比较步骤。如果在步骤2096中确定,DLU序列号与存储在临时存储位置的序列号之间的比较不成功,则控制程序进入步骤2082,在该步骤调入IDLE程序。如果在步骤2096中确定,DLU序列号与存储在临时存储位置的序列号之间的比较是成功的,则在步骤2098中,控制返回核心程序。
图21A到21C示出了当外科器械11连接到电动机械驱动器部件610上时用于闭合夹钳的夹钳闭合程序。根据本发明的一个实施例,尽管如上所述,通过控制器1122可以执行该闭合程序,但是可以理解,其他的控制器、电动装置等也可用来执行图21A到21C所示的一些步骤或所有步骤。
参照图21A所示,在步骤2101中,初始化该夹钳闭合程序。在步骤2104中,判断该外科器械11是否被自动调零,例如,是否已经执行自动调零操作或在其上已进行了自动调零操作。如果在步骤2104中确定该外科器械11没有被自动调零,则在步骤2106中进行自动调零的操作。图22A到22C的流程图示出了自动调零的一个实施例。然后,在步骤2108中,等待远程装置,如无线RCU 1148或有线RCU 1150的所有按键释放。在步骤2110中,控制返回到图20A到20C的主操作程序。如果在步骤2104中确定,该外科器械11已经被自动调零,则控制程序进入步骤2112,在该步骤中判断该挠性轴620是否已被检测。如果在步骤2112中确定该挠性轴620没有被检测,则在步骤2114中,执行轴检测程序。图25A到25B示出了轴检测程序的一个实施例。如果在步骤2116中判断在步骤2114中进行的轴检测不成功,则控制程序进入步骤2108。如上所述,在步骤2108中,等待远程装置的所有按键的释放,以及在步骤2110中,控制返回主操作程序。
如果在步骤2112中确定该挠性轴620没有被检测,或者如果在步骤2116中确定该挠性轴的轴检测不成功,则控制程序进入步骤2118,在该步骤中,该外科器械11被标记为:不再是新的。例如,在步骤2118中,在存储模块501中写入数据以指示该外科器械11不再是新的。在步骤2120中判断标记步骤2118是否成功。如果在步骤2120中确定该标记步骤2118是不成功的,则控制程序进入步骤2122,在该步骤中,在显示装置616上显示诸如“更换DLU”之类的信息。在步骤2124中,发出音频声音信号。在步骤2126中,等待远程装置1148或1150的所有按键的释放。然后在步骤2128中,控制返回图20A到20C所示的主操作程序。
如果在步骤2120中确定,在步骤2118进行的标记程序是成功的,则控制程序进入步骤2130。在步骤2130中,获得一个与该砧座505的当前位置相对应的值,在步骤2132中判断与砧座505的当前位置相对应的值是否大于称为“砧座间隙绿色范围”的值。该“砧座间隙绿色范围”可存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中。如果在步骤2132中确定与该砧座505的当前位置相对应的值大于“砧座间隙绿色范围”参考值,则在步骤2134中,在如显示装置616上显示如“砧座闭合”的信息,以及将信息(msg)特征位设定为“0”值。如果在步骤2132中确定,与该砧座505的当前位置相对应的值不大于该“砧座间隙绿色范围”参考值,则在步骤2136判断与该砧座505的当前位置相对应的值是否大于称为参考的“砧座间隙蓝色范围”值。如果在步骤2136中确定与该砧座505的当前位置相对应的值大于该“砧座间隙蓝色范围”参考值,则在步骤2140中,在如显示装置616上显示如“绿色OK”的信息,并将信息特征位设定为“1”值。如果在步骤2136中确定与该砧座505的当前位置相对应的值不大于该“砧座间隙蓝色范围”参考值,则在步骤2138中,在如显示装置616上显示如“蓝色OK”的信息,并且将该信息特征位设定为“2”值。这样,显示装置616上显示的信息可为用户提供指示,该第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间的间隙是在如“绿色”的范围(组织部分处于第一预定的厚度范围),还是在“蓝色”的范围(组织部分处于第二预定的厚度范围)。根据本发明的一个实施例,该“绿色”范围对应的组织部分厚度在约1.5mm到2.0mm之间的范围,而“蓝色”范围对应的组织部分厚度在小于约1.5mm的范围。在步骤2138或2140执行完毕后,控制程序进入步骤2142,在该步骤中,例如在显示装置616上更新图形间隙显示。在步骤2134或2142执行完毕之后,控制程序进入图21B所示的步骤2144中。
参见图21B的流程图,在步骤2144中,判断该第一夹钳80和该第二夹钳50之间的间隙是否大于一个被称为“最小砧座间隙”的预定值,该“最小砧座间隙”预定值可存储在如存储单元1130中的存储位置中。如果在步骤2144中确定该第一夹钳80和该第二夹钳50之间的间隙不大于该“最小砧座间隙”预定值,则控制程序进入步骤图21C的流程图中的步骤2186中。如果在步骤2144中确定该第一夹钳80和该第二夹钳50之间的间隙大于该“最小砧座间隙”预定值,则控制程序进入步骤2146中。在步骤2146中,将用于速度的值设定到某一称为“闭合速度”的值、将用于扭矩的值设定到某一称为“闭合扭矩”的值、并将用于位置的值设定到某一称为“闭合位置”的值,上述各值都可以存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中。在步骤2148中,开始该外科器械11的夹钳的移动,并重置失速计时器(stall timer)。在步骤2150中,判断“闭合”键是否释放。如果在步骤2150中确定该“闭合”键释放,则控制程序进入图21的流程图所示的步骤2186。如果在步骤2150中确定该闭合键没有释放,则控制程序进入步骤2152,在该步骤中,判断失速计时器的值是否大于称为“闭合失速”的预定值,该“闭合失速”预定值可以存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置。如果在步骤2152中确定该失速计时器的值大于预定的“闭合失速”值,则在步骤2154中,判断与该外科器械11的第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间的间隙相对应的值是否称为“最大砧座间隙”值,该“最大砧座间隙”参考值可以存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中。如果在步骤2154中确定与该外科器械11的第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间的间隙相对应的值小于或等于该称为“最大砧座间隙”的值,则控制程序进入图21C的流程图所示的步骤2186中。如果在步骤2154中确定与该外科器械11的第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间的间隙相对应的值不是小于或等于该称为“最大砧座间隙”的值,则在步骤2156中,在如显示装置616上显示如“闭合失败”的信息。在步骤2158中,发送音频声音信号,以及控制程序进入图21C所示的步骤2186中。
再回到步骤2152,如果在步骤2152中该失速计时器的值不大于预定的“闭合失速”参考值,则控制程序进入步骤2160中,在该步骤中获得一个当前的砧座位置。在步骤2162中,判断砧座505的位置是否改变。如果在步骤2162中确定该砧座505的位置改变了,则在步骤2164中,更新该砧座505的最后所知的位置并重置该失速计时器。如果在步骤2162中确定该砧座505的位置没有改变,则控制程序进入步骤2166中。在步骤2166中,判断该砧座505的当前位置是否小于或等于一个称为“砧座间隙绿色范围”的值,该值存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中。如果在步骤2166中确定该砧座505的当前位置是小于或等于该称为“砧座间隙绿色范围”值,则控制程序进入步骤2168中,在该步骤中,判断该砧座505的当前位置是否小于或等于一个称为“最小砧座间隙”的值,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中。如果在步骤2168中确定该砧座505的当前位置小于或等于预定的称为“最小砧座间隙”的值,则控制程序进入图21C的流程图所示的步骤2186中。如果在步骤2168中确定该砧座505的当前位置不是小于或等于预定的称为“最小砧座间隙”的值,则在步骤2170中,判断该外科器械11的夹钳是否完成移动。如果在步骤2170中确定该外科器械11的第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50已经完成了移动,则控制程序进入图21C的流程图所示的步骤2186中。如果在步骤2170中确定该外科器械11的第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50没有完成移动,则控制程序返回步骤2150中。
返回参见步骤2166,如果确定该砧座505的当前位置大于一个称为“砧座间隙绿色范围”的值,则控制程序进入步骤2172,在该步骤中判断该砧座505的当前位置是否大于一个称为“砧座间隙蓝色范围”的值,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中。如果在步骤2172中确定该砧座505的当前位置大于称为“砧座间隙蓝色范围”的值,则控制程序进入步骤2174,在该步骤中判断信息特征位的值是否为“1”。如果在步骤2174中确定该信息特征位的值不为“1”,那么在步骤2176中,控制器1122将信息特征位的值设定为“1”,并且在如显示装置616上显示如“绿色OK”的信息,指示用户可以使用与要缝合的组织的特定厚度相对应的“绿色”仓盒。在步骤2176执行完毕后,或者如果在步骤2174中确定该信息特征位的值为“1”,则控制程序进入步骤2178。
如果在步骤2172中确定该砧座505的当前位置不大于一个称为“砧座间隙蓝色范围”的值,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中,则在步骤2180中,判断信息特征位的值是否为“2”。如果在步骤2180中确定该信息特征位的值不为“2”,则在步骤2182中,将该信息特征位的值设定为“2”,并且在如显示装置616上显示如“蓝色OK”的信息,指示用户可以使用与要缝合的组织的特定厚度相对应的“蓝色”仓盒。在步骤2182执行完毕,或者在步骤2180中确定该信息特征位的值为“2”之后,则控制程序进入步骤2178。在步骤2178中,更新例如在显示装置616上的图像间隙显示。在步骤2184中,打开“在范围内”显示器,例如发光二极管,并设定存储单元1130的RAM 1134中的“DLU启动”特征位。之后,控制程序进入步骤2168中。
在步骤2158、2168、或步骤2170执行完毕之后,控制程序进入步骤2186,在该步骤中,关闭驱动砧座505的电动机,例如电动机680。在步骤2188中,判断与当前间隙状态相对应的值是否小于或等于一个预定的称为“最大砧座间隙”的值,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中,如果在步骤2188中确定与该间隙相对应的值小于或等于该存储到存储位置的预定的称为“最大砧座间隙”的值,则控制程序进入步骤2192,在该步骤中,更新显示装置616上的图形间隙显示。如果在步骤2188中确定与该间隙相对应的值不小于或等于该预定的称为“最大砧座间隙”的值,则在步骤2190中,等待该远程装置的所有按键的释放,以及在步骤2194中控制返回图20A到20C所示的主操作程序中。
图22A到22C示出了当外科器械11连接到电动机械驱动器部件610上时,用于执行该外科器械的自动调零功能的自动调零程序的一个实施例。尽管根据本发明的一个实施例,如上所述该调零程序可通过控制器1122来执行,但是可以理解,其他的控制器、电子装置等也可以配置用来执行图22A到22C所示的一些或所有步骤。参照图22A,在步骤2202中,初始化自动调零程序。在步骤2204中,等待远程装置的所有按键的释放。在步骤2206中,在如显示装置616上显示如“校准”字样的信息。在步骤2208中,重置“准备启动”特征位以及“自动调零OK”特征位。在步骤2210中,将该砧座505的当前位置设定到某一个称为“自动调零位置”的值,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中。在步骤2212中,将扭矩设定到某一个称为““自动调零扭矩”的值,该值可存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中。在步骤2214中,将速度设定到某一个称为““自动调零速度”的值,该值可存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中。在步骤2216中,将目的位置设定为“0”值。在步骤2218中,向与砧座505对应的电动机如电动机680发出信号以开始移动该砧座505,因而闭合该外科器械11的夹钳。在步骤2220中,重置失速计时器以及最后位置。然后控制程序执行图22B的流程图所示的步骤。
在步骤2222中,判断失速计时器的值是否大于一个称为“自动调零失速”的值,该值可存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中。如果在步骤2222中确定该失速计时器的值大于该称为“自动调零失速”的预定值,则控制程序进入步骤2242,在该步骤关闭与砧座505相对应的电动机,如电动机680。如果在步骤2222中确定该失速计时器的值不大于该称为“自动调零失速”的预定值,则控制程序进入步骤2224,在该步骤中判断该砧座505的当前位置是否等于该最后位置。如果在步骤2224中确定该砧座505的当前位置不等于该最后位置,则在步骤2226中,重置失速计时器和最后位置。如果在步骤2224中确定该砧座505的当前位置等于该最后位置,则控制程序进入步骤2228,在该步骤中判断远程装置,如无线RCU1148或有线RCU 1150的任一按键是否被按下。如果在步骤2228中确定该远程装置的任一按键被按下,则在步骤2230中,重置该失速计时器和最后位置。在步骤2232中,将该砧座505打开一个称为“砧座备份(backup)”的预定距离,它的值可存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中,或者直到失速计时器的值超过称为“自动调零失速”的值,或者其倍数,例如“自动调零失速”值的倍数。在步骤2232中,关闭与砧座505相对应的电动机,如电动机680。在步骤2234中,发出音频声音信号并在如显示装置616上显示如“按关闭键以重新校准”的信息。在步骤2236中,等待远程装置的所有按键的释放,以及在步骤2238中控制返回到主操作程序,如图20A到20C所示的主操作程序。
如果在步骤2228中,确定没有远程装置的按键被压下,则控制程序进入步骤2240,在该步骤中判断夹钳的移动是否完成。如果在步骤2240中确定该夹钳的移动没有完成,则控制返回步骤2222。如果在步骤2240中确定该夹钳的移动完成,则控制程序进入步骤2242,在该步骤中,关闭驱动砧座505的电动机,如电动机680。在步骤2244中,将远端位置值和近端位置值均设定为1.5mm。
然后控制程序进入图22C所示的步骤。在步骤2246中,在存储其中重置失速计时器和最后位置。在步骤2248中,将速度设定到一个称为“打开速度”的预定值,该值可存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中。在步骤2250中,将目的位置设定到一个称为“打开目的位置”的预定值,该值可存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中,并且使得该外科器械11的夹钳开始移动。在步骤2252中,判断该失速计时器的值是否大于一个称为“自动调零失速”的预定值,或其倍数,如“自动调零失速”值的倍数。如果在步骤2252中确定该失速计时器的值不大于该称为“自动调零失速”的预定值,则在步骤2254中判断该砧座505的当前位置是否等于其最后位置。如果在步骤2254中确定该砧座505的当前位置不等于其最后位置,则在步骤2256中,重置该失速计时器和最后位置。如果在步骤2254中确定该砧座505的当前位置等于最后位置,则控制程序进入步骤2258中,在该步骤判断远程装置,如无线RCU 1148或有线RCU1150的任一按键是否被按下。如果判断该远程装置的按键被按下,则在步骤2268中,关闭驱动砧座505的电动机,如电动机680。在步骤2270中,向用户发送蜂鸣声或其他的音频信号,并且在如显示装置616上显示如“按下闭合以重新校准”的信息。在步骤2272中,等待远程装置的所有按键的释放,以及在步骤2274中,控制返回如图20A到20C所示的主操作程序。
如果在步骤2258中确定该远程装置的按键,如无线RCU 1148或有线RCU 1150的任一按键没有被按下,则在步骤2260中判断该外科器械11的夹钳的移动是否完成。如果在步骤2260中确定该夹钳的移动没有完成,则控制返回步骤2252。如果在步骤2260中确定该外科器械11的夹钳完成了移动,则在步骤2262中,关闭砧座电动机,如电动机680,并且发出音频信号,或在显示装置616上显示如“就绪”字样的信息。在步骤2264中,设定“自动调零OK”特征位,并且等待该远程装置的所有按键的释放。在步骤2266中,控制返回如图20A到20C所示的主操作程序。
图23示出了当外科器械11连接到电子机械驱动器部件610上时,用于打开该外科器械的打开夹钳程序的实施例。尽管如上所述根据本发明的一个实施例,由控制器1122来执行上述操作,但是可以理解,其他的控制器、电子装置等可以用来执行该打开夹钳程序的一些或所有步骤。参照图23所示,在步骤2300,初始化该打开夹钳程序。在步骤2302中,关闭“范围内”显示器,如发光二极管,并清除存储器中的“DLU就绪”特征位。在步骤2304中,判断在存储器中是否设定了“自动调零”特征位。如果在步骤2304中确定,在存储器中没有设定“自动调零”特征位,则在步骤2306中,在显示装置616上显示如“按关闭键以重新校准”字样的信息。在步骤2308,向用户发送音频信号(audible signal)或声音(chime)。在步骤2310中,等待该远程装置的所有按键的释放。之后,在步骤2312中,控制返回到如图20A到20C所示的主操作程序。
如果在步骤2304确定已经设定该“自动调零”特征位,则在步骤2314中,将砧座扭矩设定到某一个称为“打开扭矩”,该“打开扭矩”可存储到如存储单元1130的存储位置中。在步骤2316,将速度设定到一个称为“打开速度”的预定值,该“打开速度”可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中。在步骤2318中,将夹钳的目的设定为完全松开位置。在步骤2320中,在如显示装置616上显示“砧座打开”字样的信息。在步骤2324中,清除存储器中的信息特征位。在步骤2326中,判断远程装置的“打开”键是否释放。如果在步骤2326中确定该“打开”键释放,则控制程序进入步骤2328,在该步骤关闭砧座电动机,如电动机680,以及等待远程装置的所有按键的释放。在步骤2330,控制程序返回到如图20A到20C所示的主操作程序。
如果在步骤2326中确定该“打开”键没有释放,则在步骤2332中获得一个砧座间隙值,如该外科器械11的第一夹钳80和第二夹钳50之间的间隙值。在步骤2334中,判断该间隙是否大于一个被称为“砧座完全打开间隙”的值,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中。如果在步骤2334中确定该间隙大于该称为“砧座完全打开间隙”的值,则在步骤2336中判断是否设定了该信息特征位。如果在步骤2336中确定该信息特征位没有被设定,则在步骤2338中设定该信息特征位,并且在如显示装置616上显示如“砧座完全打开”字样的信息。然后控制程序进入步骤2340。类似地,如果在步骤2334中确定该间隙不大于该称为“砧座完全打开间隙”的值,或者如果确定在步骤2336中该信息特征位没有被设定,则控制程序进入步骤2340。在步骤2340中,判断该外科器械11的夹钳的移动是否完成。如果在步骤2340中确定该夹钳的移动没有完成,则控制返回步骤2326。如果在步骤2340中确定该外科器械11的夹钳的移动完成,则控制程序进入步骤2328。如上所述,在步骤2328中,关闭砧座电动机505,如电动机680,并且等待远程装置的所有按键的释放。在步骤2330中控制返回如图20A到20C所示的主操作程序。
图24A示出了当外科器械11连接到电子机械驱动器部件610上时,用于切割和缝合夹持在该外科器械的上下夹钳之间的组织部分的缝合启动程序。尽管如上所述,根据本发明的一个实施例,由控制器1122来执行上述操作,但是可以理解,其他的控制器、电子装置等也可以配置用来执行该缝合启动程序的一些或所有步骤。参照图24A,在步骤2400中,初始化该缝合启动程序。在步骤2402中,判断是否设定了该“自动调零OK”特征位,如果在步骤2402中确定没有设定该“自动调零OK”特征位,那么,在步骤2404,在显示装置616上显示如“按关闭键以重新校准”字样的出错信息。如果确定设定了该“自动调零OK”特征位,则控制程序进入步骤2406。在步骤2406中,判断是否设定了该“DLU就绪”特征位。如果确定在步骤2406中没有设定该“DLU就绪”特征位,则在步骤2408,在如显示装置616上显示如“不在范围内”字样的出错信息。如果在步骤2406中确定设定了该“DLU就绪”特征位,则控制程序进入步骤2410。在步骤2410中,判断是否设定了“DLU启动”特征位。如果在步骤2410中确定设定了该“DLU启动”特征位,则在步骤2412确定发生了错误情况,并且在显示装置616上显示如“没有缝合件”字样的出错信息。如果在步骤2410中确定没有设定该“DLU启动”特征位,则控制程序进入步骤2422。在完成步骤2404、2408、或2412后,控制程序进入步骤2414,在该步骤中重置启动按钮计数。在步骤2416中,发出音频声音。在步骤2418中,等待所有按键的释放。在步骤2420中,控制返回如图20A到20C所示的主操作程序。
如上所述,如果在步骤2410中确定没有设定该“DLU启动”特征位,则控制程序进入步骤2422。在步骤2422中,增加启动按钮计数。在步骤2424,判断该启动按钮是否被第一次按下。如果在步骤2424中确定该启动按钮是第一次被按下,则在步骤2426中,在如显示装置616上显示如“启动按键就绪”字样的信息。在步骤2428中,重置该启动按钮计时器。在步骤2428执行完毕之后,如上所述,控制返回步骤2418。如果在步骤2424中确定该启动按钮不是第一次被按下,则在步骤2430中,在如显示装置616上显示如“启动”字样的信息。在步骤2432中,减小使用计数并设定该“DLU启动”特征位。根据本发明的一个实施例,控制在预定时间间隔,如100ms内,重试预定次数,如三次,以减小使用计数。
然后控制程序进入如图24B所示的步骤2434中。在步骤2434,设定启动电动机速度,举例来说启动缝合件的电动机,如电动机676的速度。另外,在步骤2434,设定扭矩限制。在步骤2436,将启动电动机位置设定到一个被称为“启动位置”预设值,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中,并且使得该外科器械11的夹钳开始移动。在步骤2438,将最后已知位置设定为“0”值。另外,在步骤2438中,重置启动和失速计时器,并且清除出错特征位。在步骤2440中,判断该启动或失速计时器是否期满。如果在步骤2440中确定该启动或失速计时器期满,则在步骤2452中,使第一电动机,如电动机676停止。在步骤2454中,在如显示装置616上显示如“启动序列不足”字样的出错信息。在步骤2456中,发出声音或其他音频信号,并设定该出误特征位。之后,控制程序进入步骤2458。
如果在步骤2440中确定该启动或失速计时器没有期满,则控制程序进入步骤2442。在步骤2442中,判断启动电动机如电动机676是否完成其运动。如果在步骤2442中确定该启动电动机如电动机676已完成其运动,则控制程序进入步骤2452,如上所述。如果在步骤2442中确定该启动电动机如电动机676没有完成其运动,则控制程序进入步骤2444。在步骤2444中,判断砧座505的当前位置是否于该砧座505的最后位置相一致。如果在步骤2444中确定该砧座505的当前位置与该砧座505的最后位置不一致,则在步骤2446中,将该砧座505的最后位置设定为与该砧座505的当前位置相一致,并且重置失速计时器。在步骤2446执行完毕之后,或者在步骤2444确定砧座505的当前位置与砧座505的最后位置相一致之后,控制程序进入步骤2448。在步骤2448,判断刀,例如刀519是否达到了其目的位置,如一个完全延伸的位置。如果在步骤2448中确定该刀没有到达其目的地,则控制返回步骤2440。如果在步骤2448中,确定该刀已经到达其目的地,则在步骤2450中,控制器1122停止启动电动机,如电动机676。
在步骤2450或2456完成之后,控制程序进人步骤2458。在步骤2458,关闭所述的“范围内”显示器,如发光二极管,并且清除“DLU就绪”特征位。在步骤2460,电动机当前限制(current limit)设定为全面限制。在步骤2462,使砧座505开始向后移动到其最初位置。在步骤2464,将最后已知位置设定为“0”,并重置循环和失速计时器。在步骤2466中,如图24C所示,判断循环计时器是否大于被称为“计时启动”的预定值,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中。如果在步骤2466中确定该循环计时器大于一个被称为“计时器启动”的预定值,则在步骤2468,判断是否设定了出错特征位。如果在步骤2468中确定没有设定出错特征位,则在步骤2470中,在如显示装置616上显示如“启动序列不足”字样的出错信息。在步骤2472执行完毕之后,或者如果在步骤2468中确定没有设定出错特征位,则控制程序进入步骤2482。
如果在步骤2466中确定该循环计时器不大于被称为“计时器启动”的预定值,则在步骤2474中,判断该失速计时器是否大于一个被称为“计时失速”的预定值,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中,或者可以存储其倍数,如“计时失速”值的倍数。如果在步骤2474中确定该失速计时器大于该被称为“计时失速”预定值,则控制进入步骤2468中,如上所述。如果在步骤2474中确定该失速计时器不大于该被称为“计时失速”的预定值,则控制进入步骤2476。在步骤2476中,判断砧座505的当前位置是否与该砧座505的最后位置相同。如果在步骤2476中确定该砧座505的当前位置与该砧座505的最后位置相同,则在步骤2478中,将该砧座505的最后位置设定为与该砧座505的当前位置相同,并重置失速计时器。在步骤2478执行完毕之后,或在步骤2476中确定砧座505的当前位置与砧座505的最后位置相同之后,控制程序进入步骤2480。在步骤2480中,判断刀,例如刀519是否完全缩回。如果在步骤2480中确定该刀没有完全缩回,则控制返回步骤2466。如果在步骤2480中确定该刀已经完全缩回,或者如上所述执行完步骤2468或2472之后,则在步骤2482中,停止电动机,如电动机676。在步骤2484中,判断是否在存储器中设定了出错特征位。如果在步骤2484中确定在存储器中设定了出错特征位,则控制程序进入步骤2488,并返回主操作程序。如果在步骤2484中确定没有设定出错特征位,则在如显示装置616上显示如“启动完成”字样的信息。之后,在步骤2488中,控制返回主操作程序。
图25A示出了用于电动机械驱动器部件610的、与轴检测相应的轴检测程序。尽管如上所述,根据本发明的一个实施例,由控制器1122来执行该轴检测程序,但是可以理解,其他的控制器、电子装置等也可以配置用来执行该轴检测程序的一些或所有步骤。参照图25A,在步骤2500中,初始化该轴检测程序。在步骤2502中,设定刀电动机,如电动机676的扭矩、速度、和位置,以使相应的可旋转驱动轴,如可旋转驱动轴632微动。在步骤2504中,等待一个被称为“启动检测时间超出”预定时间段,该值可存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中,或者等待刀519完成移动。在步骤2506中,判断被称为“启动检测时间超出”的时间段是否期满。如果在步骤2506中确定该预定的被称为“启动检测时间超出”的时间段已期满,则在步骤2508中,在如显示装置616上显示如“错误006-见操作者手册”字样的信息。在步骤2510,周期性地,例如每秒钟一次发出声音信号,直到切断该电动机械驱动器部件610的电源。
如果在步骤2506中确定该预定的被称为“启动检测时间超出”的时间段还未满,则在步骤2512中,等待一个预定的被称为“启动停止时间”的时间段,其可以存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中,从而确保该刀519完成移动。在步骤2514中,判断远端位置是否小于一个被称为“启动检测位置”的预定位置,它的值可以存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中。如果在步骤2514中确定该远端位置不小于该被称为“启动检测位置”的预定位置,则在步骤2516中确定发生了一个出错情况,并在如显示装置616上显示如“更换挠性轴”字样的出错信息。在步骤2518中,发出音频声音并设定出错特征位。在步骤2518完成之后,或者在步骤2514中确定该远端位置小于“启动检测位置”,则控制程序进入步骤2520。在步骤2520中,远端位置被设定到一个初始位置,或称为原位置。在步骤2522中,等待一个被称为“启动检测时间超出”的预定时间段,其被存储在如存储单元1130的存储位置中,或者等待刀完成移动。在步骤2524,判断被称为“启动检测时间超出”的预定时间段是否已满。如果在步骤2524中确定该被称为“启动检测时间超出”的预定时间段已满,则在步骤2526中,如在显示装置616上显示如“错误006-见操作者手册”字样的信息。在步骤2528,发出一声音信号,直到切断该电动机械驱动器部件610的电源。如果在步骤2524中确定该时间还未满,则如图25B的流程图所示,在步骤2530中判断是否设定该出错特征位。如果在步骤2530中设定了出错特征位,则在步骤2536中等待远程装置的所有按键的释放。之后,在步骤2538中,控制返回到步骤2538中的主操作程序。如果在步骤2530中确定没有设定该出错特征位,则在步骤2532中,设定轴测试特征位为“1”。之后在步骤2534,控制返回如图20A到20C所示的主操作程序。
传统外科器械的一个问题是其可能限制使用时该器械的接近角度。如上所述,传统的外科器械通常使用一个与要切割和缝合的组织部分相垂直的器械轴。当传统的器械在躯体上,如病人体内使用时,该器械将局限在一个单一的接近角度,以切割和缝合组织的切片。
与之相比,本发明的外科器械11不限制装置使用的接近角度。如前所述,根据本发明各实施例的该外科器械11包括驱动轴630和632,该驱动轴以一角度,例如,与第一夹钳80相对于第二夹钳50进行运动的平面相垂直的角度连接到该第一夹钳80上。因此,当该外科器械11用于躯体上,如病人体内时,该外科器械11不会局限于单一的接近角度。相反地,可采用多个接近角度,这使得操作者可以更加有效地在各种组织部分上使用该外科器械。
传统外科器械的另一问题在于,该器械难于在病人体内进行操作。例如,当使用传统的外科器械来夹紧或缝合不容易操作的组织部分时,就需要该外科器械能够灵活操作。例如,在一部分胃肠组织位于与肛门残端相邻位置的情况下,该组织部分不能够事先或在手术进行过程中进行移动。由于操作者所需的接近角度与病人的盆骨产生干涉,因此在该位置不能使用传统的外科器械。
与之相比,根据本发明各实施例的外科器械11在病人体内进行操作时的困难就小多了。例如,在上述一部分胃肠组织位于与肛门残端相邻位置的情况下,该外科器械11可以位于与该肛门最接近的胃肠组织的最端部。这样,驱动轴630和632相对于第一夹钳80相对第二夹钳50的运动平面按照一个角度,例如垂直地进行配置,可以改进该外科器械11在病人体内的操作灵活性。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包括在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (47)

1.一种外科器械,包括:
第一夹钳,具有纵向轴线;
第二夹钳,与所述第一夹钳相对,所述第二夹钳具有纵向轴线,所述第一和第二夹钳的纵向轴线限定一个平面;
第一驱动器,可使得所述第一夹钳和第二夹钳在所述平面内相对运动,使得在相对运动时所述第一和第二夹钳的纵向轴线保持位于所述平面内,所述第一驱动器与一第一驱动轴的末端相接合,所述第一驱动轴的末端可绕相对所述平面非平行设置的旋转轴线旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的器械,进一步包括:
手术部件,设置在所述第一夹钳内;以及
第二驱动器,使所述手术部件沿与所述平面平行的方向相对运动,所述第二驱动器与一第二驱动轴相接合,所述第二驱动轴可绕相对所述平面非平行设置的旋转轴线旋转。
3.根据权利要求2所述的器械,其中所述手术部件包括切割元件。
4.根据权利要求2所述的器械,其中所述手术部件包括缝合元件。
5.根据权利要求2所述的器械,其中所述手术部件包括一个推板,所述推板上安装有切割元件和缝合元件。
6.根据权利要求1所述的器械,还包括一个电动机械驱动器,以旋转所述第一旋转驱动轴。
7.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述第一旋转驱动轴的旋转轴线垂直于所述第一和第二夹钳的平面。
8.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述第一旋转驱动轴沿第一方向旋转,使所述第一和第二夹钳张开,沿与所述第一方向相反的第二方向旋转,使所述第一和第二夹钳闭合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述第一驱动器包括至少两个正齿轮,彼此具有旋转和啮合关系的蜗杆和蜗轮,以及固定连接到所述蜗轮的一端,并与所述第二夹钳的内螺纹孔相接合的外螺纹螺杆,所述齿轮的旋转可使所述第一和第二夹钳相对运动。
10.根据权利要求2所述的器械,还包括一个电动机械驱动器,以旋转所述第二旋转驱动轴。
11.根据权利要求2所述的器械,其中所述第二旋转驱动轴的旋转轴线垂直于所述第一和第二夹钳的平面。
12.根据权利要求11所述的器械,其中所述第二旋转驱动轴沿第一方向旋转,使所述手术部件伸出,沿与所述第一方向相反的第二方向旋转,使所述手术部件缩回。
13.根据权利要求2所述的器械,其中所述第二驱动器包括彼此具有旋转和啮合关系的两个正齿轮和一个蜗杆,以及一对另外的蜗轮,所述一对另外的蜗轮中的每一个均具有中心设置的内螺纹孔,以与固定连接到所述手术部件上的一对外螺纹螺杆中的一个相接合,所述齿轮的旋转可使所述手术部件相对运动。
14.根据权利要求2所述的器械,还包括电动机械驱动器,所述电动机械驱动器包括用于驱动所述第一驱动器的第一旋转驱动轴,以及用于驱动所述第二驱动器的第二旋转驱动轴。
15.根据权利要求14所述的器械,其中所述电动机械驱动器还包括至少一个用于驱动所述第一和第二旋转驱动轴中的每一个的电动机装置。
16.根据权利要求15所述的器械,其中所述电动机械驱动器包括一个用于驱动所述第一旋转驱动轴的第一电动机装置,以及一个用于驱动所述第二旋转驱动轴的第二电动机装置。
17.一种外科器械,包括:
第一驱动轴,具有末端,所述末端可绕旋转轴线旋转;
第一夹钳,具有纵向轴线;
第二夹钳,与所述第一夹钳相对,所述第二夹钳具有纵向轴线,所述第一和第二夹钳的纵向轴线限定一个平面;以及
第一驱动器,使所述第一和第二夹钳在所述平面内,并且根据所述第一旋转驱动轴的旋转而相对运动,使得在相对运动时所述第一和第二夹钳的纵向轴线保持位于所述平面内,所述平面与所述旋转轴线非平行设置。
18.根据权利要求17所述的器械,还包括:
手术部件,设置在所述第一夹钳内,以及
第二驱动器,使所述手术部件沿平行于所述平面的方向相对运动,所述第二驱动器与一第二驱动轴相接合,所述第二驱动轴绕相对所述平面非平行设置的旋转轴线旋转。
19.根据权利要求18所述的器械,其中所述手术部件包括切割元件。
20.根据权利要求18所述的器械,其中所述手术部件包括缝合元件。
21.根据权利要求18所述的器械,其中所述手术部件包括一个推板,所述切割元件和缝合元件即安装在所述推板上。
22.根据权利要求17所述的器械,还包括一个电动机械驱动器,以旋转所述第一旋转驱动轴。
23.根据权利要求17所述的器械,其中所述第一旋转驱动轴的旋转轴线垂直于所述第一和第二夹钳的平面。
24.根据权利要求23所述的器械,其中所述第一旋转驱动轴沿第一方向旋转,使所述第一和第二夹钳张开,沿与所述第一方向相反的第二方向旋转,使所述第一和第二夹钳闭合。
25.根据权利要求17所述的器械,其中所述第一驱动器包括至少两个正齿轮,彼此具有旋转和啮合关系的蜗杆和蜗轮,以及固定连接到所述蜗轮的一端,并与所述第二夹钳的内螺纹孔相接合的外螺纹螺杆,所述齿轮的旋转可使所述第一和第二夹钳相对运动。
26.根据权利要求18所述的器械,还包括一个电动机械驱动器,以旋转所述第二旋转驱动轴。
27.根据权利要求26所述的器械,其中所述第二旋转驱动轴的旋转轴线垂直于所述第一和第二夹钳的平面。
28.根据权利要求27所述的器械,其中所述第二旋转驱动轴沿第一方向旋转,使所述手术部件伸出,沿与所述第一方向相反的第二方向旋转,使所述手术部件缩回。
29.根据权利要求18所述的器械,其中所述第二驱动器包括彼此具有旋转和啮合关系的至少两个正齿轮和一个蜗杆,以及一对另外的蜗轮,所述一对另外的蜗轮中的每一个均具有中心设置的内螺纹孔,以与固定连接到所述手术部件上的一对外螺纹螺杆中的一个相接合,所述齿轮的旋转可使所述手术部件相对运动。
30.根据权利要求18所述的器械,还包括电动机械驱动器,所述电动机械驱动器包括用于驱动所述第一驱动器的第一旋转驱动轴,以及用于驱动所述第二驱动器的第二旋转驱动轴。
31.根据权利要求30所述的器械,其中所述电动机械驱动器还包括至少一个用于驱动所述第一和第二旋转驱动轴中的每一个的电动机装置。
32.根据权利要求31所述的器械,其中所述电动机械驱动器包括一个用于驱动所述第一旋转驱动轴的第一电动机装置,以及一个用于驱动所述第二旋转驱动轴的第二电动机装置。
33.根据权利要求31所述的器械,其中还包括一个控制系统,用于控制所述电动机系统。
34.根据权利要求33所述的器械,其中所述控制系统设置在壳体内。
35.根据权利要求34所述的器械,还包括一个远程控制单元,与所述控制系统连通,以通过所述控制系统控制所述电动机系统。
36.根据权利要求35所述的器械,其中所述远程控制单元包括至少一个有线远程控制单元和无线远程控制单元。
37.根据权利要求33所述的器械,还包括与所述第一旋转驱动轴相对应的传感器,所述传感器响应并根据所述第一旋转驱动轴的旋转而输出信号。
38.根据权利要求37所述的器械,其中所述控制系统基于所述传感器的输出信号确定所述第一旋转驱动轴的旋转位置和旋转方向中的至少一个。
39.根据权利要求33所述的器械,其中所述控制系统包括第一存储单元。
40.根据权利要求39所述的器械,其中所述第一存储单元用于存储多个操作程序,至少一个所述操作程序与连接到所述细长轴的端部的切割和缝合元件相对应。
41.根据权利要求40所述的器械,其中所述控制系统用于识别连接到所述细长轴的末端的手术装置作为切割和缝合器械,其中所述切割和缝合元件是连接到所述伸长轴的末端上的多种类型手术装置中的一种,所述控制系统可根据所述切割和缝合元件从所述第一存储单元中通过至少进行读取和选取中的一种操作,来取得所述操作程序。
42.根据权利要求41所述的器械,其中所述控制系统根据从设置在所述切割和缝合器械内的第二存储单元中读取的数据,识别所述切割和缝合器械,并作为连接到所述细长轴上的外科装置的类型。
43.根据权利要求42所述的器械,还包括设置在所述细长轴内的数据线缆,所述数据线缆逻辑连接和电连接到所述控制系统,并且逻辑连接和电连接到所述第二存储单元。
44.一种外科器械,包括:
电动机;
第一驱动轴,具有末端,所述末端在所述电动机作用下绕旋转轴线旋转;
第一夹钳,具有纵向轴线;
第二夹钳,与所述第一夹钳相对,所述第二夹钳具有纵向轴线,所述第一和第二夹钳的纵向轴线限定一个平面;以及
第一驱动器,使所述第一和第二夹钳在所述平面内、并且根据所述第一旋转驱动轴的旋转而相对运动,其中在相对运动时所述第一和第二夹钳的纵向轴线保持位于所述平面内,所述平面和所述旋转轴线非平行设置。
45.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述第一旋转驱动轴在所述第一驱动器与所述第一旋转驱动轴接合的位置与所述第一和第二夹钳的平面不平行。
46.根据权利要求17所述的装置,其中所述第一旋转驱动轴在所述第一驱动器与所述第一旋转驱动轴接合的位置与所述第一和第二夹钳的平面不平行。
47.根据权利要求44所述的装置,其中所述第一旋转驱动轴在所述第一驱动器与所述第一旋转驱动轴接合的位置与所述第一和第二夹钳的平面不平行。
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US8858589B2 (en) 2014-10-14
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US20140008411A1 (en) 2014-01-09

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