CN1311280C - 具有经编程的光学结构的光学元件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种光透射膜,它包括一第一表面、一与第一表面相对的第二表面、一连接第一和第二表面的第一边缘、以及一与第一边缘相对的第二边缘,其中,第一表面中形成有多个沟槽,这些沟槽各具有一沟槽轴线,各沟槽轴线基本彼此平行,所述沟槽轴线布置成基本垂直于所述第一边缘,每个沟槽形成有多个光学结构,所述光学结构为所述沟槽提供光功率,每个光学结构具有一特性,该特性是从包括波幅、周期和纵横比以及它们之组合的一个组中选出的,所述特性相应于所述光学结构沿所述沟槽轴线到所述第一边缘的距离而变化。这些光学结构可以设置成对光导输出的不均匀度作选择性校正,或可以设置成以其它方式提高显示器的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明总的涉及光学元件,更具体的说是涉及光导、光膜和其它光学元件,它们适用于显示装置,并具有经编程的光学结构。
背景技术
诸如液晶显示(LCD)装置之类的背光显示装置一般使用楔形光导。楔形光导将光从一基本为线性的光源,如一冷阴极荧光灯(CCFL),连接到一基本为平面的输出。平面输出然后用于照亮LCD。
测量背光显示的一项指标是它的均匀度。使用者可以很容易地感觉到从一个显示区域到下一个显示区域的相对较小的显示亮度的差异。即使是相对小的不均匀度,也会使显示器的使用者非常恼火。
使射出光导的光散射的表面散射体或体积散射体有时就用于遮掩或减弱不均匀度。然而,这种散射也造成了光线偏离最佳的观察轴线。最终结果可能是沿该最佳观察轴线的总体显示亮度降低,而该显示亮度则是显示装置的另一个性能指标。
与不均匀度不同,从一个主观立场出发,总体亮度的相对较小的增大或减小不容易被显示装置的使用者感觉到。然而,即使是总体亮度上最小的降低,包括只能用客观测量才可察觉到的降低,显示装置的设计人员也会感到沮丧。这是因为显示亮度和显示的功率要求是密切相关的。如果能增加整体亮度而不增加所需的功率,设计人员实际上会对显示装置分配较少的功率,而且仍能取得一个可接受的亮度水平。对电池驱动的便携式装置来说,这能转化为较长的运行时间。
发明内容
根据本发明,一光学元件,如一光导或一光膜,形成有一预定的、经编程的图案的光学结构。这些光学结构可布置成对一光导输出中的不均匀度进行选择性校正,或者可布置成按一预定的、设计好的方式另外实现显示性能。
在本发明的第一方面,提供一种光透射膜,它包括一第一表面、一与第一表面相对的第二表面、一连接第一和第二表面的第一边缘、以及一与第一边缘相对的第二边缘,
其中,第一表面中形成有多个沟槽,这些沟槽各具有一沟槽轴线,各沟槽轴线基本彼此平行,所述沟槽轴线布置成基本垂直于所述第一边缘,每个沟槽形成有多个光学结构,所述光学结构为所述沟槽提供光功率,每个光学结构具有一特性,该特性是从包括波幅、周期和纵横比以及它们之组合的一个组中选出的,所述特性相应于所述光学结构沿所述沟槽轴线到所述第一边缘的距离而变化。
在本发明的另一方面,提供一种光导,它包括一第一表面、一与第一表面相对的第二表面、一连接第一和第二表面的第一边缘、以及一与第一边缘相对的第二边缘,其中,第一表面中形成有多个沟槽,这些沟槽各具有一沟槽轴线,各沟槽轴线基本彼此平行,所述沟槽轴线布置成基本垂直于所述第一边缘,每个沟槽形成有多个光学结构,所述光学结构为所述沟槽提供光功率,每个光学结构具有一特性,该特性是从包括波幅、周期和纵横比以及它们之组合的一个组中选出的,所述特性相应于所述光学结构沿所述沟槽轴线到所述第一边缘的距离而变化,其中,所述第一边缘靠近一光源而设置,用作光输入表面,所述第二表面用作光输出表面。
在本发明的另一方面,提供一种光学元件,包括:一光导,它具有一光输出表面、一与光输出表面相对的背表面和一连接光输出表面和背表面的光输入边缘;以及一连接于所述光导的光透射膜,它具有一第一表面、一与第一表面相对的第二表面、一连接第一和第二表面的第一边缘和一与第一边缘相对的第二边缘,第一表面中形成有多个沟槽,这些沟槽各具有一沟槽轴线,各沟槽轴线基本彼此平行,所述沟槽轴线布置成基本垂直于所述第一边缘,其中,每个沟槽形成有多个光学结构,所述光学结构为所述沟槽提供光功率,每个光学结构具有一特性,该特性是从包括波幅、周期和纵横比以及它们之组合的一个组中选出的,所述特性相应于所述光学结构沿所述沟槽轴线到所述第一边缘的距离而变化。
附图说明
本发明的很多优越性和特点可通过以下参照附图对本发明的几个优选实施例的详细描述而为本技术领域的技术人员所清楚,附图中相同的标号表示相同的元件,其中:
图1是根据本发明一实施例的一照明装置的立体图;
图2是根据本发明一实施例的具有编程图案光学结构的一光膜的立体图;
图3是根据本发明另一实施例的具有编程图案光学结构一光膜的立体图;
图4是根据本发明另一实施例的具有同相编程图案光学结构的一楔形光导的立体图;
图5是沿图4中5-5线的剖视图;
图6是根据本发明另一实施例的具有异相编程图案光学结构的一楔形光导的立体图;
图7是根据本发明另一实施例的具有异相编程图案光学结构的一线性透镜结构的立体图;
图8是根据本发明一预备优选实施例的具有编程图案光学结构的一光膜的立体图;
图9是根据本发明一预备优选实施例的具有编程图案光学结构的一光膜的立体图;
图10是根据本发明一预备优选实施例的具有编程图案光学结构的一光膜的立体图;
图11是本发明一优选实施例的在顶面中具有第一编程图案光学结构、在底面中具有第二编程图案光学结构的一光导的侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面以若干优选实施例的形式来描述本发明,具体说是以适用于在平板显示装置(诸如便携式计算机显示器或台式平板显示器)中通常所使用的背光系统的光膜或光导的形式来描述的。然而,本发明的应用场合并不局限于此,本技术领域的技术人员可以理解,本发明实际上可应用于任何光学系统,例如应用于投影屏装置和平板电视机。因此,这里所描述的实施例不应认为是对本发明较宽范围的限制。
参阅图1,照明系统10包括包括:一光源12;一光源反射件14;一光导16,它具有一输出表面18、一背表面20、一输入表面21和一端表面22;一与背表面20相邻的反射件24;一第一光改向元件26;一第二光改向元件28;以及一反射偏振件30。光导16可以是一楔形件、其变型或一厚平板。众所周知,光导的用途是将光从光源12分配到一个比光源12面积大得多的区域上,更具体地说,是分配到基本上输出表面18所形成的整个区域上。而且,光导16最好能以紧凑、较薄的体积实现这些功能。
光源12可以是一把光输入到光导16的边缘表面21的CCFL,而灯泡反射件14可以是一卷绕于光源12而形成一灯腔的反射膜。反射件24位于光导16后面,并且可以是一有效的背反射件,如一朗伯(lambertian)膜或一镜膜,或者是两者的组合。
在所示的实施例中,边缘结合光从输入表面21朝端表面22传播,受到全内反射(TIR)的限制。光受到TIR挫折而从光导16射出。由于楔形角,对于每次TIR反射,一道限制在光导16之内的光线增大它的相对于顶壁和底壁平面的入射角。因此,光线最终以一个掠射角折射出输出表面18,因为它不再包含在TIR之内。一部分光线从背表面20射出。这些光线由背反射件24反射进入并通过光导16。第一光改向元件26作为一转向膜而设置,用以改变这些射出输出表面18的光线的方向,使它们沿着一与最佳观察方向基本平行的方向行进。
如图2所示,第一光改向元件26可以是一光透射膜,它具有一输出表面32和一形成有棱镜(未图示)的输入表面34,使射出光导16的光线沿最佳观察方向折射和反射。这些棱镜可以有一基本均匀的形状,或者可以有一不均匀的形状,如在与本申请同日提交的、经普通转让的美国专利申请“具有可变角度棱镜的光膜”(代理人文档号:28724/35320)中所述的,该文件援引在此供参考。
返回参阅图1,并不是每种结构的照明系统10都需要第二光改向元件28。当包括在系统10中时,第二光改向元件可以是一散射件、一透镜散射件或一棱镜膜,例如一亮度增强膜,如3M亮度增强膜产品(以BEFIII商品名销售),该产品由明尼苏达州圣保罗的明尼苏达矿业和制造公司生产。反射偏振件30可以是一无机的、聚合的或胆甾醇型液晶偏振膜。一种合适的膜是3M散射反射偏振膜产品(以DRPF商品名销售)或镜反射偏振膜产品(以DEEF商品名销售),两者均由明尼苏达矿业和制造公司生产。而且,至少第二个光改向元件28和反射偏振件30,以及可能还有第一光改向元件26,可以组合成一单个的光学元件。与本申请同日提交的、名为“显示照明装置和显示照明装置中增强亮度的方法”的、经普通转让的美国专利申请(代理人文档号:28724/35321)描述了若干这种组合的光学结构,该文件援引在此供参考。
对于用于背光照明的光导,如光导16,光导的光输出中存在不均匀度是普遍的。这些不均匀度经常会集中在输入表面21附近。为了在光导的应用中掩饰这些缺陷,通常使用一覆盖光导输出表面的散射件。然而,散射件会降低总体显示亮度,并可能无法充分掩饰所有的缺陷。
现在参阅图2,图示是一含有同相变化波幅图案的膜。所示图案可形成于一楔形件的顶表面或底表面上,形成于一平膜上,或如下所述形成于一转向膜上。考虑这一点,除了形成于第一光改向元件26的输入表面34上的棱镜之外,输出表面32可形成光学结构。更具体地说,第一光改向元件26具有一第一边缘36和一第二边缘38。从第一边缘36朝第二边缘38延伸有多个布置成一图案42的光学结构40。每一光学结构40可以有许多特性,如波峰44和波谷46的波幅、周期和纵横比。图案42还可具有诸如光学结构40之间的节距p之类的特性。图2中所示的结构40具有的波幅变化。在第一光改向结构26的应用中,沟槽设置成这样,即波幅的变化与光源12垂直。
继续参阅图2,可以观察到在图案42之内,光学结构40在第一边缘36处形成有较大波幅,并且波幅朝着第二边缘38减小。较大波幅因较高的表面斜度而可沿沟槽轴线产生更大的光功率。然后,该图案的光功率作为到第一边缘36的距离的函数而减小。这样布置光学结构40和图案42是有目的的。
如前所述,光导16输出的不均匀度可能集中在输入表面21附近,而离输入表面21较远处的不均匀度可能较小。因此,光学结构40和图案42布置成在第一边缘36附近提供更多散射。在应用中,第一边缘36设置成与光导16的输入表面21基本相邻。图案42可具有一均匀的节距p,如图所示,而且,光学结构40的深度可朝第二边缘减小至零。这一图案可以用任何类型的工具产生,如以下将进行详细讨论的。
应予理解,使用射线跟踪和其他分析技术,可以为对光导16的输出中所观察到的具体不均匀度作最佳校正的光学结构40和图案42确定具体的布置。即,可以对光学结构40和图案42的一或多个的特性进行设计,用以校正一具体的不均匀度。如上所述,关于第一光改向元件26,光学结构40和图案42在输入表面21附近给光导16的输出提供光功率,以掩饰输入表面21附近可能产生的不均匀度。远离输入表面21处提供的光功率较少或无,因为一般从离输入表面21较远的光导16处观察到的光强不均匀度较少或较弱。通过这种方式,给最需要掩饰或减弱不均匀度之处提供光功率,而给需要掩饰的不均匀度较少之处提供较少的光功率。而且,通过增加光学结构和/或改变光学结构的特性,光功率实际上可以在任何位置加到光导的输出之中。再之,光功率的增加并不一定要均一,而是可以根据需要将光功率加到不同的光导区域,如果对帮助掩饰缺陷或产生具体光学效果有必要的话。
平面光导以及一些使用受挫TIR操作的楔形光导在光导的背表面上可包括一提取图案。一般而言,该提取图案是设置在光导背表面上的一白色点图案。入射到一个点上的光线由白色点漫反射,并且使该反射光的一部分射出光导。尽管这一从光导提取光的方法具有散射性质,但点的图案本身可能在光导输出中是可见的。因此,为了隐藏该点图案,通常提供附加散射。
参阅图3,图中示出了提取膜50。在提取膜的一个表面52中形成许多光学结构54,它们设置成图案56。光学结构54基本布置成代替白色点图案,以从光导中提取光。虽然在图3中表示为为圆圈或点,但光学结构54并不全部限定为任何具体的形状,也不限定为图案56之中的任何一种具体形状。因此,光学结构54可以是棱柱、线、点、方形、椭圆形或总体上的任何形状。而且,光学结构54在图案56之内可以彼此非常靠近,远远小于点图案中的间隔,例如在约50-100μm范围内的相互间隔。光学结构54的这样靠近的间隔可免去或减少在光导输出中进行散射的需要,而这对于隐藏白色点图案一般是必要的。本发明还允许以微级的程度改变光导斜度。也就是说,可以以微级程度局部最大或减小光导的斜度。当一道光线碰到一较高的正斜面时,它从光导中提取出的速度比碰到正常的楔形角度时要快。
虽然以光膜的形式进行了讨论,但本发明可应用于楔形光导本身。参阅图4和5,光导60具有一输入表面62,并具有一输出表面64和一背表面66。输入表面62布置成与光源(未图示)相邻,以提供向输入表面62的入射光源。由于光导60内的受挫TIR,入射到输入表面62的光被提取出输出表面64。
如上面所讨论的,来自光导60的光输出的不均匀度是普遍的,特别是在输入表面62附近。
继续参阅图4和5,在光导60的背表面66中加入散射,并且在延伸离开输入表面62的同时进一步调节强度。也就是说,背表面66形成有同相光学结构68,它们布置成在输入表面62附近提供散射提取,并在离开输入表面62的同时逐渐变小到零。图案也可以为非楔形的,即在整个表面上保持恒定,从零增大,任意变化,或分配成离散区域。光学结构还可以是异相的,诸如图6所示的光导60’的背表面66’中所形成的光学结构68’。可以理解,光学结构的图案可以单独地、也可以与背表面66中所形成的图案相结合地形成于输出表面64中。提供光学结构的总的目的在于,实现最大限度减小光导输出不均匀度的效果,无论它们发生在何处,而对于图4和5中所示的光导60,不均匀度主要出现在与输入表面62相邻处。
参阅图5,光学结构68可以形成于一光膜70的一个表面72上。然后,可利用紫外线(UV)固化、压敏材料或任何其它合适的粘结剂将光膜70与光导60的楔形结构连接。另一种方法是,可以批量模制楔形件,以在背表面66中包括光学结构68。
从以上讨论可更大体地理解,在一光膜中实际上可以形成任何形状的光学结构,并将该光膜例如通过粘接而连接于一光导或其它大块的光学元件。例如,减少眩光、防润湿、菲涅耳(Fresnel)以及实际上其它任何可形成于一光膜的表面中的结构可很容易地复制入光膜中,然后将该光膜连接于另一光学元件。
具有编程光学结构的光膜可利用微复制工艺来制造。在这一制造工艺中,例如通过在一金属滚筒中切出图案来制造一模板,该模板用来通过挤出、铸造和固化、压花和其它合适工艺生产光膜。或者,光膜可用压塑或注塑或是滚轧成形。
作为本发明上述特征的一个例子,并参阅图7,一线性菲涅耳透镜或棱镜80有一基本为平面的输入表面82和一输出表面84。输出表面84形成有透镜结构86,并在透镜结构86上叠置有附加的光学结构88。光学结构88诸如波幅、周期和纵横比之类的特性,它们从透镜80的第一边缘90朝透镜80的第二边缘92变化。透镜80可批量形成,或如图7所示,具有光学结构88的透镜结构86可以形成于一光膜94上,然后将该光膜粘接于一大块的光基底96。
现在参阅图8,图示是一含有变化的波幅图案102的膜100,该图案是用一“V”形工具形成的。该图案102可形成于膜100的顶表面和/或底表面。同样,该图案可形成于一楔形件或厚平板中。膜100有一第一边缘104和一第二边缘106。从第一边缘104向第二边缘106延伸有许多布置成图案102的光学结构108。每一光学结构108可以许多特性,诸如波幅、周期和纵横比。图案102还可以有诸如限定光学结构108间隔的节距p。图8中所示的光学结构108具有波幅变化。在膜100的应用中,沟槽可以布置成使波幅变化垂直于包含膜100的光导的光源。
继续参阅图8,在图案102中可以看到,光学结构108在第一边缘104处形成有较大波幅,该波幅朝第二边缘106减小。较大的波幅由于有更高的表面斜度,因而可沿沟槽轴线产生更大的光功率。然后,这一图案的光功率作为到第一边缘104的距离的函数而减小。这样布置光学结构108和图案102是有目的的。
参阅图9和10,图中分别表示膜110和112。膜110和112均与膜100具有相同特性,并用相同标号描述相同元件。与使用“V”形工具形成的图案相反,图9的膜110具有一用一弧形鼻尖工具形成的光学结构116的图案114。图10的膜112具有一用一方形鼻尖工具形成的光学结构120的图案118。如图所示,图案114和118布置成在膜110和112的一或多个表面中提供光功率。可以理解,对于选择用来在膜的一或多个表面中实现所需量和形式的光功率的某一特定工具,实际上可以使用任何工具结构。
在图11所示的光导121中,在底表面126中形成一第一图案122的光学结构124,而在楔形件134的顶表面132中形成一第二图案128的光学结构130。第一图案122可布置成便于从楔形件134中提取光,而第二图案128可布置成掩饰楔形件的光输出的不均匀度。然而,可以理解,楔形件134中实施的图案将取决于需要从楔形件取得的光输出。而且,如上所述,图案122和128可先形成于一光膜中,该光膜以后再例如通过粘接而连接于楔形件。另一种形式是,表面122和128注塑形成于楔形件。
本技术领域的技术人员在阅读了以上描述后可以想到本发明其它的变型或实施例。以上描述仅应理解为示例性的,其目的在于教会本技术领域的技术人员以最佳方式实施本发明。结构和方法的细节可以进行显著的变化而不脱离本发明的精神,落在所附权利要求书范围之内的所有修改均应得到专利保护。
Claims (10)
1.一种光透射膜,它包括一第一表面、一与第一表面相对的第二表面、一连接第一和第二表面的第一边缘、以及一与第一边缘相对的第二边缘,
其中,第一表面中形成有多个沟槽,这些沟槽各具有一沟槽轴线,各沟槽轴线基本彼此平行,所述沟槽轴线布置成基本垂直于所述第一边缘,
每个沟槽形成有多个光学结构,所述光学结构为所述沟槽提供光功率,每个光学结构具有一特性,该特性是从包括波幅、周期和纵横比以及它们之组合的一个组中选出的,所述特性相应于所述光学结构沿所述沟槽轴线到所述第一边缘的距离而变化。
2.如权利要求1所述的光透射膜,其特征在于,所述第一边缘比所述第二边缘更靠近于一光源,
所述光学结构的波幅、周期或纵横比或它们之组合沿所述沟槽轴线从所述第一边缘朝所述第二边缘有序地逐渐减小。
3.如权利要求2所述的光透射膜,其特征在于,所述光学结构是一楔形的波,其波幅和周期沿所述沟槽轴线从所述第一边缘朝所述第二边缘有序地逐渐减小。
4.如权利要求1所述的光透射膜,其特征在于,所述光透射膜是一转向膜,
其中,所述第一表面用作光输入表面,所述第二表面用作光输出表面。
5.如权利要求1所述的光透射膜,其特征在于,所述光学结构形成同相式的或异相式的。
6.如权利要求1所述的光透射膜,其特征在于,所述光透射膜是一散射膜。
7.一种光导,它包括一第一表面、一与第一表面相对的第二表面、一连接第一和第二表面的第一边缘、以及一与第一边缘相对的第二边缘,
其中,第一表面中形成有多个沟槽,这些沟槽各具有一沟槽轴线,各沟槽轴线基本彼此平行,所述沟槽轴线布置成基本垂直于所述第一边缘,
每个沟槽形成有多个光学结构,所述光学结构为所述沟槽提供光功率,每个光学结构具有一特性,该特性是从包括波幅、周期和纵横比以及它们之组合的一个组中选出的,所述特性相应于所述光学结构沿所述沟槽轴线到所述第一边缘的距离而变化,
其中,所述第一边缘靠近一光源而设置,用作光输入表面,所述第二表面用作光输出表面。
8.一种光学元件,包括:
一光导,它具有一光输出表面、一与光输出表面相对的背表面和一连接光输出表面和背表面的光输入边缘;以及
一连接于所述光导的光透射膜,它具有一第一表面、一与第一表面相对的第二表面、一连接第一和第二表面的第一边缘和一与第一边缘相对的第二边缘,第一表面中形成有多个沟槽,这些沟槽各具有一沟槽轴线,各沟槽轴线基本彼此平行,所述沟槽轴线布置成基本垂直于所述第一边缘,
其中,每个沟槽形成有多个光学结构,所述光学结构为所述沟槽提供光功率,每个光学结构具有一特性,该特性是从包括波幅、周期和纵横比以及它们之组合的一个组中选出的,所述特性相应于所述光学结构沿所述沟槽轴线到所述第一边缘的距离而变化。
9.如权利要求8所述的光学元件,其特征在于,所述第一边缘比所述第二边缘更靠近于一光源,
所述光学结构的波幅、周期或纵横比或它们之组合沿所述沟槽轴线从所述第一边缘朝所述第二边缘有序地逐渐减小。
10.如权利要求8所述的光学元件,其特征在于,所述光导的所述输出表面和所述背表面中的至少一个表面中形成有多个沟槽,这些沟槽各具有一沟槽轴线,各沟槽轴线基本彼此平行,所述沟槽轴线布置成基本垂直于所述光输入边缘,
每个沟槽形成有多个光学结构,所述光学结构为所述沟槽提供光功率,每个所述光学结构具有一特性,该特性是从包括波幅、周期和纵横比以及它们之组合的一个组中选出的,所述特性相应于所述光学结构沿所述沟槽轴线到所述光输入边缘的距离而变化。
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Also Published As
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US7221847B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 |
EP1218665B1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
US6845212B2 (en) | 2005-01-18 |
AU1187701A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
WO2001027527A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
DE60028060D1 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
DE60028060T2 (de) | 2007-04-19 |
KR20020056898A (ko) | 2002-07-10 |
CN1378632A (zh) | 2002-11-06 |
KR100654652B1 (ko) | 2006-12-07 |
US20050001043A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
US20030103760A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
EP1218665A1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
JP2003511726A (ja) | 2003-03-25 |
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