CN1331774A - 包括通过独立的连接件组装的地板块的地板材料 - Google Patents

包括通过独立的连接件组装的地板块的地板材料 Download PDF

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CN1331774A
CN1331774A CN99813400A CN99813400A CN1331774A CN 1331774 A CN1331774 A CN 1331774A CN 99813400 A CN99813400 A CN 99813400A CN 99813400 A CN99813400 A CN 99813400A CN 1331774 A CN1331774 A CN 1331774A
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约兰·马腾松
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Unilin Nordic AB
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/102—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials of fibrous or chipped materials, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0107—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
    • E04F2201/0115—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges with snap action of the edge connectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/028—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections connected by tongues and grooves with triangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0511—Strips or bars, e.g. nailing strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0517—U- or C-shaped brackets and clamps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E04F2201/0529—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape the interlocking key acting as a dovetail-type key

Abstract

包括板状地板块(1)的地板材料,该地板块(1)有侧边(2)、底面(5)和装饰顶面(3)。该地板块(1)将通过单独的连接型面(10)连接起来。全部四个侧边(2)都各有一个凹形槽(4)。该槽(4)布置成平行于其相应侧边(2)。连接型面(10)有成对布置的凸缘(11)。该凸缘(11)将分别装入一个槽(4)内,在相邻侧边(2)带有槽(4)的地板块(1)由连接型面(10)的凸缘(11)水平定位和固定。该凸缘(11)通过连接型面(10)的中间部分(12)相连。该槽(4)有切口(46),同时凸缘(11)有与该切口(46)相配的钩状物(16),相邻地板块(1)通过切口(46)和钩状物(16)水平定位或固定。

Description

包括通过独立的连接件组装的地板块的地板材料
本发明涉及包括通过独立的连接型面组装的板形地板块的地板材料。
目前，带有榫舌和槽的预制地板块非常普遍。因为它们很容易安装，因此普通人(average handy man)就能够进行安装。这样的地板例如可以由实木、碎屑胶合板或纤维板构成。这些地板块通常有顶面，例如漆面或某种薄层面。该板通常通过将它们的榫舌和槽粘合而安装。不过，多数普通的地板块都有这样的缺点，即当安装者没有将其完全装好时，在地板块之间会形成不同长度的缝隙。灰尘将在该缝隙中堆积。而且，水汽也将进入该接头，这使得其中心部分在由实木、纤维板或碎屑胶合板制成时会膨胀，而该中心部分通常就是由实木、纤维板或碎屑胶合板制成。该膨胀将使最靠近接头侧边处的表面层升高，这将大大减小该地板的使用寿命，因为该表面层将特别容易被磨损。为了避免该类型的缝隙，可以在安装过程中采用各种拉紧装置，以便将地板块压在一起。不过，其操作有点麻烦，因此希望获得有这样的接头，该接头能够自己定位，从而自动找到其正确位置。且这样的接头可以用于不采用胶水的地板。
这样的接头由WO94/26999可知，WO94/26999涉及一种连接两地板块的系统。地板块在其后侧有锁定装置。不过，如说明书附图所示，该地板在第一长边和短边处有在底侧的型面。该型面伸出到地板块自身的外部，并有向上的凸缘，该凸缘将与相应地板块的底侧的槽配合。该槽布置于该地板块的第二短边和长边。地板块还在其侧边有普通的榫舌和槽。在组装时，型面将向下弯曲，然后快速弹回到槽内。该型面通过折叠(folding)或者也可选择通过粘接而与地板块成一体。
不过，WO94/26999的发明有这样的缺点，即型面位于非常暴露的位置，并在处理时易于损坏。根据WO94/26999，在工差为±0.2mm时，地板并不必须在凸缘与槽的接触表面接触的情况下连接。该型面易于在制造、运输和安装较重的地板块时变形，因为该型面位于非常暴露的位置。而且该较脆弱的连接型面还可能进一步变形，因为根据WO94/26999的地板块还可能拆下和重新安装。该变形将防碍组装，严重时甚至使得该地板块不能组装。
显然，WO94/26999希望在凸缘的接触表面和槽之间有工差。申请文件中提及的工差为±0.2mm。该工差在图中以人标记。该工差当然将引起地板块之间的不希望的缝隙，灰尘和水汽能够渗透到该缝隙中。
另一缺点是，位于两侧边的榫舌必须用工具从基体材料上加工，这将导致表面层的损失。该表面层通常由热固性塑料层构成，通常是层压地板中最贵的部分。而且热固性塑料的表面层将导致铣刀严重磨损。
在对WO94/26999的地板块进行使用寿命分析时可以知道另一缺点。根据WO94/26999的一个优选实施例，连接型面由铝构成。因为它构成地板块整体的部分，因此，如果不进行大劳动量的处理，就不可能对地板块进行回收。同时，所必须的、用通用工具对地板块进行的切割也非常困难，因为铝、热固性塑料层和中心部分都必须同时切割。
由WO97/47834可知制造接头的方法，地板块在该接头处连接，这样它们就水平锁定在一起。根据该发明，一个普通的榫舌在其底面有踵状物。该踵状物有一个与地板块的相对侧的槽内的凹口相对应的部分。该槽的底部颊板在组装的过程中将会弯曲，然后当地板块处于正确的位置时，该底部颊板将快速弹回。该啮合连接部分，即榫舌和槽与前述发明WO94/26999不同，在WO94/26999中，它们由单独的部件构成，而WO97/47834中的榫舌和槽似乎将与地板块的中心部分一起整体制造。WO97/47834还介绍了根据该发明的带有踵状物和凹口的榫舌和槽是怎样通过切割加工制成的。该发明也有这样的缺点，即在正常的处理过程中，榫舌和槽的底部颊板，特别是槽的底部颊板易于损坏，即使它们的突出程度小于前述发明WO94/2699。
WO97/47834还有这样的缺点，即榫舌和槽都必须用工具加工，这导致昂贵的顶面的损失。这样的工具加工也会导致所用工具的严重磨损。
发明WO97/47834假定中心部分的材料有一定的弹性。如果希望有弹性，那么通常用的材料就不是很合适。根据WO97/47834，MDF(中等密度纤维板)或HDF(高密度纤维板)将是合适的中心部分材料。不过，这些材料的弹性非常弱，因此，产生平行于顶面的断裂变形的危险很大。
发明WO93/13280提供了一种夹持件，该夹持件用于将地板块结合在一起。该地板块除了有具有已知缺点的普通榫舌和槽外，还在地板块的底面上有一纵向槽。该地板块铺设在该夹持件上，因此必须用多个这样的夹持件，否则地板将有弹性。在地板块和它下面的表面之间形成的间距还会产生共鸣，这也使得地板块有“噪音”特性和较高的声级。而这是不希望的。
上述问题可以通过本发明解决，从而使得该地板能够耐处理、需要对装饰顶面的加工最小以及易于安装。因此，本发明涉及一种地板材料，该地板材料包括主要成正方形或矩形的板状地板块。该地板块有侧边、底面和装饰顶面。该地板块将通过单独的连接型面连接起来。本发明的特征在于：地板块的全部四个侧边都各有一个凹形槽。该槽布置成平行于其相应侧边。连接型面有成对布置的凸缘，该凸缘将分别装入一个槽内，这样，在相邻侧边带有槽的地板块由连接型面的凸缘垂直定位和固定。该凸缘通过连接型面的中间部分相连。而且，该槽有切口，同时凸缘有与该切口相配的钩状物。这样，相邻地板块通过切口和钩状物水平定位或固定。根据一个可选实施例，凸缘有卡钩。该卡钩可以通过形成尖锐边缘而用于没有切口的槽内。
优选是，槽有用于连接型面的中间部分的支架。因此，该实施例在选择不使用胶水安装地板时可以拆卸。
优选是，连接型面形成加长的型面，该型面优选是通过挤压法制造，该挤压法是合适的公知方法。优选是，该连接型面形成加长的形式或卷形，它们能够切成合适的长度。在切断前，连接型面的长度大大超过地板块的长度。这样的长型面的优点是：它们能够铺设在地板的整个宽度上，从而减小地板偏移和产生缝隙的危险，因为它将桥接地板的横向接头。当然，即使在连接型面的长度等于或小于地板块的长度时，也可以采用这样的横向接头桥接。优选是，在到达地板的横向接头时采用较短的连接型面。也可选择，地板块在其横向连接侧边有普通的榫舌和槽。
包括上述地板块和连接型面的地板材料非常适于不需要胶水的地板安装。当然，也可以使用胶水或双面胶带，以便使安装完全永久化。优选是，该胶水或胶带布置在位于凸缘之间的连接型面表面和/或地板块的侧边上。
本发明的连接型面是一单独部件，这与前面提及的已知地板材料不同，前面提及的已知地板材料是通过榫舌与槽、型面或踵状物连接。在制造、运输和安装过程中对地板进行处理时，本发明的连接型面有很大的优点，因为普通的连接部分通常非常脆弱，易于受到撞击。且由于制造原因，这些部件必须由纤维板、碎屑胶合板或薄铝板制成，而纤维板、碎屑胶合板或薄铝板易于破碎或变形。而该破碎或变形通常将导致不得不将地板块废弃。本发明的连接型面可以由多种材料通过多种不同的制造方法制造。不过，其中最合适的方法是：对于加号形连接型面实施例用注射模塑法，对于加长的连接型面实施例用挤压法。合适的材料是热塑性材料，例如聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯或者丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物。优选是，这些材料也可以填充例如锯屑、纤维素或石灰，以便增加尺寸稳定性和在粘结时增加粘性。
本发明还涉及包括主要为正方形或矩形的板形地板块的地板材料。该地板块有侧边、底面和装饰顶面。该地板块将通过单独的连接型面连接。该实施例的特征在于：地板块至少在两相对侧边有槽。该槽平行于其相应侧边布置在地板块的底面上。连接型面有成对布置的凸缘，该凸缘将分别装入地板块的一个槽内，这样，在相邻侧边带有槽的两相邻地板块由连接型面的凸缘水平定位或固定。该凸缘通过连接型面的中间部分彼此相连。
优选是，槽布置成离最靠近的侧边的距离小于地板块宽度的一半，优选是小于地板块宽度的四分之一。
地板块优选是在全部四个侧边上都有槽。各槽与最靠近的侧边之间的距离基本相同。
优选是，位于侧边和其最靠近的槽之间的部分的厚度由于位于底面上的凹口而小于地板的最大厚度。
优选是，侧边通过在第一侧边上提供有深度小于地板最大厚度的1.8倍，优选是0.9倍的V形纵向槽而提供垂直定位。而在第一侧边的相对侧边提供有相配合的凸起型面。
也可选择，侧边通过在两相邻侧边上各提供有深度小于地板最大厚度的1.8倍，优选是0.9倍的V形纵向槽而提供垂直定位。而剩余的两侧边提供有与该纵向槽配合的凸起型面。
优选是，连接型面的成对布置的凸缘之间的距离稍微小于位于在两相邻地板块之间的接头的两侧并最靠近该接头的槽之间的距离。因此，该连接型面在接头上施加了一夹紧力。
优选是，连接型面通过挤压法制成加长的型面，该挤压法是合适的公知制造方法。该连接型面形成加长的形式或卷形，它们能够切成合适的长度。连接型面的长度大大超过地板块的长度。这样的较长型面的一个优点是：它们能够铺设在地板的整个宽度上，从而减小地板偏移和产生缝隙的危险，因为它将桥接地板的横向接头。当然，即使在连接型面的长度等于或小于地板块的长度时，也可以采用这样的横向接头桥接。优选是，在到达地板的横向接头时采用较短的连接型面。优选是，在每个新的地板块添加到地板块行中时逐步安装。也可选择，地板块在横向接头侧边有普通的榫舌和槽。
根据上述实施例的一种变化形式，连接型面将布置于四个地板块相遇的角落(corner)。从上面看，该连接型面形成有四个颊板的加号形。与第四个颊板一起形成加号形连接型面的前面三个颊板各有成对布置的两凸缘。该凸缘位于接头的每一侧。第四个颊板仅有布置在接头一侧的一个凸缘。
当安装正方形地板块时，加号形连接型面最适合，它能自动地精确定位纵向接头和横向接头。优选是，颊板稍微比地板块的侧边的一半短。颊板的长度计算为从连接型面的中心到其外侧边缘。安装矩形地板块时，如果横向接头重合，那么加号形连接型面也合适。这时颊板的长度稍微比地板块的宽度的一半短。加长的型面可以被切断并安装到较长边上的、在两加号形型面之间的中间间距内，以便增强地板块的长边接头。当横向接头一行行错开时，可以采用T形连接型面，该T形型面有三个颊板，而不是四个。优选是，该型面的颊板的长度也稍微比地板块的宽度的一半短。包括上述地板块和连接型面的地板材料非常适合在不需要采用胶水时的安装中采用。当然，也可以采用胶水或双面胶带，以便使安装完全永久化。这时，胶水或胶带适于涂覆在位于凸缘之间的连接型面表面和侧边上。
连接型面是一单独部件，这与本文提及的已知地板材料不同，本文提及的已知地板材料是通过榫舌与槽、型面或踵状物进行连接。在制造、运输和安装过程中对地板进行处理时，本发明的连接型面有很大的优点，因为普通的连接部分通常非常脆弱，易于受到撞击。且由于制造原因，这些部件必须由纤维板、碎屑胶合板或薄铝板制成，而纤维板、碎屑胶合板或薄铝板易于破碎或变形。而该破碎或变形通常将导致不得不将地板块废弃。本发明的连接型面可以由多种材料通过多种不同的制造方法制造。不过，其中最合适的方法是：对于加号形连接型面实施例用注射模塑法，对于加长的连接型面实施例用挤压法。合适的材料是热塑性材料，例如聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯或者丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物。优选是，这些材料也可以填充例如锯屑、纤维素或石灰，以便增加尺寸稳定性和在粘结时增加粘性。
下面将结合表示本发明不同实施例的附图进一步介绍本发明，附图中：
图1所示为从下面看的、地板材料的地板块1的一个实施例的示意图。
图2a-2c所示为地板材料的不同实施例的分解图和剖面图。
图3所示为地板材料的连接型面10的一个实施例。
图4所示为地板材料的连接型面10的另一实施例。
图5所示为本发明的地板材料，其中表示了正方形地板块1和如图3所示的加号形连接型面10。该地板仅局部安装，以便于理解其功能。
图6所示为本发明的地板材料，其中采用了矩形地板块1、如图4所示的T形连接型面10以及加长的连接型面10。该地板仅局部安装，以便于理解其功能。
图7a-d所示为接头与地板块1的不同优选实施例，该地板块通过地板块1的侧边2的凹形槽4由连接型面10连接。
因此，图1所示为从下面倾斜看的、地板材料的地板块1的一个实施例的示意图。该地板块1成矩形，有侧边2、底面5和装饰顶面3。地板块1通过单独的连接型面10(图2-6)连接。地板块1在各侧边2处有槽4。该槽4布置成平行于其相应侧边2。连接型面10(图2-6)有成对布置的凸缘11(图2-6)，该凸缘11将分别装入地板块1的一个槽4中。在相邻侧边2有槽4的相邻地板块1由连接型面10的凸缘11水平定位和固定。地板块1通常包括中心部分，顶部装饰层涂覆在该中心部分上。该中心部分通常由通过胶水或树脂粘接在一起的木屑或木纤维构成。因此，当地板将暴露在水汽中时，优选对最靠近接头的表面进行处理。因为中心部分的木质材料易受水汽的影响。合适的表面处理包括树脂、蜡或某些漆。当用胶水粘接时就不需要对接头进行涂覆，因为胶水自身能防止水汽渗透到中心部分。装饰顶面3由用三聚酰胺-甲醛树脂浸渍的装饰纸构成。可以在装饰纸的顶部布置有一层或多层所谓的由用三聚酰胺-甲醛树脂浸渍的α纤维素制成的覆层纸。还可以通过喷洒一层或多层例如为α氧化铝、氧化硅、碳化硅的硬微粒，同时进行渗透，从而提高抗磨损性。优选是，底面5可以涂覆有漆或者纸和树脂层。
图2a-2c所示为地板材料的不同实施例的分解图和剖面图。地板块1有侧边2、底面5和装饰顶面3。地板块1将通过单独的连接型面10连接。地板块1在两相对侧边2处各有一个槽4，该槽4布置成平行于其相应侧边2。该槽4位于底面5上，并且离最靠近的侧边2的距离小于地板块1宽度的四分之一。由于在地板块1的底面5上的凹口6，侧边2和其相应最靠近的槽4之间的部分的厚度小于地板块1的最大厚度。地板块1的厚度通常在5至15mm之间，而凹口6处的厚度与地板主厚度之差的合适值为1-5mm。侧边2通过在第一侧边上提供有深度小于地板最大厚度的0.9倍的V形纵向槽21(图2a)而提供垂直定位。而相对侧边2提供有相配合的型面22(图2a)。连接型面10有成对布置的凸缘11，该凸缘11将分别装入地板块1的一个槽4中，这样，在相邻侧边2有槽4的相邻地板块1由连接型面10的凸缘11水平定位和固定。地板块1也可以没有V形槽21和相配合的型面22，而选择在全部四个侧边2都有凹形槽4’(图2b-2c)，该槽4’(图2b-2c)各将安装第二连接型面10’的一个凸缘11。该第二连接型面10’既可以是一单独部件(图2b)，也可以通过肋条12’与连接型面10相连(图2c)。凸缘11通过连接型面10的中间部分12相互连接。在连接型面10的成对布置的凸缘11之间的距离稍微小于位于两相邻地板块1之间的接头两侧的、最靠近该接头的槽4之间的距离。因此，地板块1被相互压紧，从而不会有缝隙。连接型面10和10’制成长度加长的形式或卷状，它在安装过程中能切成合适的长度。该连接型面的长度大大超过地板块1的长度。图2a-2c所示实施例在制造过程中，机械加工最少，材料损失最小。
图3所示为从上方看的、地板材料的连接型面10的一个实施例的示意图。如图1所示的地板块1有侧边2、底面5和装饰顶面3。地板块1将通过单独的连接型面10连接。如图1所示的地板块1在两相对侧边2处各有一个槽4，该槽4布置成平行于其相应侧边2。该槽4位于底面5上，并且离最靠近的侧边2的距离小于地板块1宽度的四分之一。由于在地板块1的底面5上的凹口6，侧边2和其相应最靠近的槽4之间的部分的厚度小于地板块1的最大厚度。地板块1的厚度通常在5至15mm之间，而凹口6处的厚度与地板主厚度之差的合适值为1-5mm。如图2a-2c所示，侧边2可以通过V形槽21(图2a)和相配合的型面22(图2a)或者通过在全部四个侧边2上的凹形槽4’(图2b-2c)和相配合的第二连接型面10’(图2b-2c)而提供垂直定位(导向)。加号形连接型面10(图3)有成对布置的凸缘11，该凸缘11将分别装入地板块1的一个槽4中，这样，在相邻侧边2有槽的相邻地板块1由连接型面10的凸缘11水平定位(导向)和固定。连接型面10从上面看成加号形，有四个颊板，其中，与第四个颊板一起形成加号形连接型面10的前面三个颊板各有成对布置的两凸缘11，这两凸缘11位于接头的两侧。第四个颊板仅有布置在接头一侧的一个凸缘11。第四颊板仅有一个凸缘11的原因是：当地板块1如图2a-2c所示提供垂直定位时，用该连接型面10连接的最后一个地板块1必须从侧边滑入。图3所示的连接型面10用于地板上的纵向接头和横向接头都重合(coincide)的位置。
图4所示为地板材料的连接型面10的另一实施例的示意图。该连接型面10与结合图3介绍的连接型面基本相同。不过，图4所示连接型面10只有三个颊板，因此称之为T形。图4所示的连接型面10用于地板上的仅仅纵向接头或横向接头重合的位置。
图5和6所示为本发明的地板材料，其中分别采用了正方形和矩形的地板块1以及分别如图3和4所示的加号形和T形连接型面10。该地板材料仅局部安装，以便于理解其功能。当安装正方形地板块1时，加号形型面最适合，它能自动地精确定位纵向接头和横向接头。优选是，颊板稍微比地板块1的侧边的一半短。颊板的长度计算为从连接型面10的中心到其外侧边缘。安装矩形地板块1时，如果希望横向接头重合，那么加号形连接型面也合适。这时颊板的长度稍微比地板块1的短侧边短。加长的型面10可以被切断并安装到两加号形型面10之间的中间间距内，以便增强地板块1的长边接头。
当希望横向接头一行行交错(图6)时，可以采用T形连接型面，该T形型面有三个颊板，而不是四个。当安装矩形地板块1时，通常采用这种安装方式。这时，颊板的长度也稍微比地板块1的短侧边的一半短。包括上述地板块1和连接型面10的地板材料非常适用于在不希望采用胶水时的安装。当然，也可以采用胶水或双面胶带，以便使安装完全永久化。这时，胶水或胶带适于涂覆在位于凸缘11之间的连接型面10表面和侧边2上(图2)。
在安装地板块1时也可以仅采用加长的型面10。这时，优选是将该型面10切成覆盖地板的全长。然后，该连接型面10以与矩形地板块1相同的方向延伸。并从连接型面10上切下较短的段。这些较短的段在安装每个新地板块1时置于横向接头处。优选是将这些较短的段从下面放入两组装地板块1之间的接头内。
图7a-d所示为地板块1的接头的不同实施例，它们由连接型面10并通过地板块1的侧边2的凹形槽4连接。地板块1在全部四个侧边2都有凹形槽4。该槽4各将装入连接型面10的一个凸缘11。凸缘11有卡钩16。通过使槽4有切口46(图7b-c)和使凸缘有配合卡钩16(图7b-c)，地板就可以啮合连接。为了使接头可拆卸，槽4有用于连接型面10的中间部分12的支架42(图7b)，而接头可拆卸即使在地板块粘接时也是很有利的。也可选择使中间部分12有支架42’(图7c)。这样，通过将其沿自由侧边2稍微提起，使得卡钩与切口46脱开，从而可以将该地板块1拆开。形成该切口46的最简单方法是通过钻孔或激光切割。也可选择，地板块1通过较浅的切口47连接(图7d)，该较浅的切口可以以普通方法形成，例如铣。图7a-d所示的实施例也能在制造过程中使得材料的切割和损失最小。用于图7a-d所示实施例的连接型面10也可以制成长度加长的形式或卷形，它们将在安装地板时切成合适长度。当然，连接型面10和/或地板块1可以涂覆有胶水或双面胶带。
本发明并不局限于所示实施例，因为它们可以在本发明的范围内以各种方式变化。

Claims (4)

1.一种地板材料，包括主要成正方形或矩形的板状地板块(1)，该地板块(1)有侧边(2)、底面(5)和装饰顶面(3)，该地板块(1)将通过单独的连接型面(10)连接起来，其特征在于：地板块(1)的全部四个侧边(2)都各有一个凹形槽(4)，该槽(4)布置成平行于其相应侧边(2)，连接型面(10)有成对布置的凸缘(11)，该凸缘(11)将分别装入一个槽(4)内，在相邻侧边(2)带有槽(4)的地板块(1)由连接型面(10)的凸缘(11)垂直定位和固定，该凸缘(11)通过连接型面(10)的中间部分(12)相连，该槽(4)有切口(46)，而凸缘(11)有与该切口(46)相配的钩状物(16)，相邻地板块(1)通过切口(46)和钩状物(16)水平定位或固定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的地板材料，其特征在于：该槽(4)有用于连接型面(10)的中间部分(12)的支架(42)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的地板材料，其特征在于：连接型面(10)形成加长的单元或卷形，它们可以切成合适的长度，且在切断前，连接型面(10)的长度大大超过地板块(1)的长度。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的地板材料，其特征在于：连接型面(10)和/或地板块(1)涂覆有胶水或双面胶带。
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US20050252130A1 (en) 2005-11-17
US6763643B1 (en) 2004-07-20
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EP1119670B1 (en) 2005-08-03
CN1109174C (zh) 2003-05-21
SE514645C2 (sv) 2001-03-26
ATE301221T1 (de) 2005-08-15
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US20140157700A1 (en) 2014-06-12
US6920732B2 (en) 2005-07-26
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