CN1414283A - Oil gas pipeline leak intelligent on line monitoring method based on distribution type optical fibre sensor - Google Patents
Oil gas pipeline leak intelligent on line monitoring method based on distribution type optical fibre sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an intelligent on-line monitoring method of oil-gas pipeline leak based on distribution type optical fiber sensor. Near the oil gas pipeline, one or several optical cable is set up parallel to the oil gas pipeline and uses the optical fiber as sensor to proceed real-time monitoring of oil-gas pipeline; at two ends of the optical fiber, that is at the inlet end and outlet end of oil-gas pipeline, a set of luminous power detecting module is equipped at each end and is connected with a computer, the computer is used to proceed analysis of data and obtain the characteristic of pressure change and vibration signal around the pipeline, thereby can discover and accurately determine the position of leak of the oil-gas pipeline.
Description
One, affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to input and analysis technical field, relate to a kind of on-line monitoring method, particularly a kind of oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor leaks the intelligent online monitoring method.
Two, background technique
At present, the monitoring method that is used for the oil-gas pipeline leakage is a lot, mainly is by the flow of input end and output terminal, the detection of pressure and other parameters are judged whether oil-gas pipeline takes place to leak and the position.Such as when oil and gas pipes takes place to leak, because the pressure difference that pipeline is inside and outside, the pressure of leakage position descends rapidly, can produce the transient negative pressure ripple that propagate in the downstream that makes progress respectively, according to definite position of leaking of time difference at negative pressure velocity of wave propagation and arrival two ends, determine leakage rate according to the flowmeter at two ends.Because the loss that the transient negative pressure ripple is propagated is big especially, propagation length is limited, adds that the sensitivity of pressure transducer and flowmeter itself is limited, and this method only is suitable for a large amount of situations of leaking such as similar pipeline breaking, and exist Location accuracy low, can not forecast the shortcoming of leaking hidden danger.Just because of this, the phenomenon of punching theft oil gas on oil-gas pipeline occurred, because the amount of theft is little, the time is long, even a difficult problem of using highly sensitive pressure transducer and flowmeter effectively to monitor at the two ends of pipeline.
Three, summary of the invention
Problem at above-mentioned prior art exists the objective of the invention is to, and proposes a kind of oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor and leaks the intelligent online monitoring method.
To achieve these goals, technical thought of the present invention is, when oil-gas pipeline is laid, with parallel one or several optical cable of laying of pipeline, utilizes optical fiber as sensor near pipeline, picks up pressure and oscillating signal around the pipeline.When light pulse is propagated,,, obtain the feature of each point loss on the optical fiber by to the size of back-scattering light and optical fiber Output optical power and the measurement of frequency spectrum because back-scattering light and energy loss can appear in Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflection in optical fiber.When the oil gas in the pipeline takes place to leak or mechanical execution and artificial destruction are arranged near pipeline, the stress of generation or impact force will change the characteristic and the loss of optical fiber.At the input end of light pulse,, finish the static state of each point on the optical fiber and the measurement and the locating function of dynamic loss by measurement to optical fiber backscattering luminous power; Export at the other end of optical fiber along the light pulse that optical fiber is propagated forward,, finish the measurement of optical fiber total losses dynamic change and the function that fault type is judged by measurement to Output optical power.Because the loss that incidents such as oil-gas pipeline leaks, near the mechanical execution the pipeline and artificial destruction produce optical fiber has different spectrum signatures, by data being analyzed and being merged, judges and accurately locate the generation of incidents such as oil and gas leakage rapidly.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor leaks the method that intelligent online is monitored, and it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) near oil-gas pipeline with parallel one or several optical cable of laying of oil-gas pipeline, utilize optical fiber as sensor, oil-gas pipeline is monitored in real time;
2) at the two ends of optical fiber, just the input end of oil-gas pipeline and output terminal are provided with a back-scattering light testing module and an optical fiber Output optical power testing module;
Light pulse input end at optical fiber one end, optical pulse generator and Fiber Optic Coupler are set, each point turns back to input end because of the back-scattering light that Rayleigh scattering or Fresnel reflection produce along optical fiber on the optical fiber, the back-scattering light testing module is finished the static state of each point on the optical fiber and the measurement and the location of dynamic loss by the measurement to back-scattering light; Export at the other end of optical fiber along the light pulse that optical fiber is propagated forward, optical fiber Output optical power testing module is finished the measurement of optical fiber overall diameter total losses dynamic change and the judgement of fault type by the measurement to the optical fiber Output optical power;
Some other characteristics of the present invention are that described back-scattering light testing module and optical fiber Output optical power testing module can be integrated in the system, also can separate, and link to each other by data communication network.
Described optical fiber will can be Single Mode Fiber to variation in pressure and oscillating signal sensitivity, also can be multi-mould optical fibre; Optical fiber both can be used as sensor and had used, also can be used as data link uses, be used for the data communication between back-scattering light testing module and optical fiber Output optical power testing module and the computer, the data link that also can be used as between other control apparatus of oil-gas pipeline uses.
Described back-scattering light testing module comprises unit such as optical power detecting, amplification, lower pass-filter, signals collecting and Digital Signal Processing;
Described Output optical power testing module comprises unit such as optical power detecting, amplification, lower pass-filter, signals collecting and Digital Signal Processing equally;
The light pulse with certain width and power that optical pulse generator sends is through the Fiber Optic Coupler injection fibre, in optical fiber, transmit, the back-scattering light of each point turns back to input end on the optical fiber, through the optical power detector of Fiber Optic Coupler to the back-scattering light testing module, convert electrical signal to, after amplification, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion and Digital Signal Processing, the result gives the computer data analytical system; Simultaneously, light pulse continues to propagate forward, outputs to the optical power detector of Output optical power testing module at the other end of optical fiber, converts electrical signal to, and after amplification, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion and Digital Signal Processing, the result also gives computer; The computer data analytical system obtains the static state and the DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION feature of each point loss on the optical fiber by two paths of signals is carried out data analysis and fusion.
The testing module at described optical fiber two ends can be worked simultaneously, also can work alone.The back-scattering light testing module is mainly finished the static state of each point on the optical fiber and the measurement and the locating function of dynamic loss; Optical fiber Output optical power testing module is mainly finished the measurement of optical fiber overall diameter total losses dynamic change and the function that fault type is judged.To the measurement of dynamic loss on the optical fiber, the sensitivity of back-scattering light testing module and optical fiber Output optical power testing module reaches 0.01dB.
Described laser pulse generator can be a laser diode.
Described back-scattering light testing module can be an OTDR (Optical Time DomainReflectmeter), and the network interface and the computer communication that provide on communication interface GPIB, RS232 that OTDR provides or the OTDR are provided; Also can use the OTDR card to be directly installed in the computer.The working state of OTDR is subjected to computer control.
Data capture and digital signal processing unit in the described back-scattering light testing module have central processing unit, and it can communicate with computer, receive instruction from computer, are subjected to computer control, send data and working state to computer.
Described optical fiber can go ahead, and also can turn back; When turning back, the optical fiber that goes and return can be sensed same signal in same physical location, but their positions on optical fiber are different, the time of signal arrival optical fiber output testing module is also inequality, the signal of back has identical frequency spectrum with signal in front, but intensity is the result of two secondary actions stack.
Width, energy and the frequency of the light pulse that described laser pulse generator produces are controlled, and the sampling trigger signal of optical fiber Output optical power testing module can be light pulse, also can be the sample frequency of computer settings.
The present invention obtains the dynamic change of each point loss on the optical fiber by the measurement to the backscattering luminous power and finishes the locating function of loss, detect the spectrum signature of the variation acquisition loss of luminous power simultaneously at the output terminal of optical fiber, because the loss that incidents such as near mechanical execution that oil-gas pipeline leaks, pipeline is and artificial destruction produce optical fiber takes on a different character, by data being analyzed and being merged, judge and accurately locate the generation of incidents such as oil and gas leakage rapidly.When signal has certain feature, can also start warning device.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the system block diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams that luminous power of the present invention detects.
Five, embodiment
Embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and inventor finish according to technological scheme is described in further detail principle of the present invention, the invention is not restricted to these embodiments.
Oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor of the present invention leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, may further comprise the steps:
1) near oil-gas pipeline with parallel one or several optical cable of laying of oil-gas pipeline, utilize optical fiber as sensor, oil-gas pipeline is monitored in real time;
2) at the two ends of optical fiber, just the input end of oil-gas pipeline and output terminal are provided with a back-scattering light testing module 3 and an optical fiber Output optical power testing module 4;
End at optical fiber, it is the input end of light pulse, optical pulse generator 1 and Fiber Optic Coupler 2 are set, each point turns back to input end because of the back-scattering light that Rayleigh scattering or Fresnel reflection produce along optical fiber on the optical fiber, by measurement, finish the static state of each point on the optical fiber and the measurement and the locating function of dynamic loss to optical fiber backscattering luminous power; Export at the other end of optical fiber along the light pulse that optical fiber is propagated forward,, finish the measurement and the fault type of the dynamic change of optical fiber overall diameter total losses and judge by measurement to Output optical power;
3) by to the size of back-scattering light and optical fiber Output optical power and the measurement of frequency spectrum, obtain the feature of each point loss on the optical fiber; And be connected with computer, utilize computer data are analyzed and to be merged, obtain the variation in pressure around the pipeline and the feature of oscillating signal, judge and the accurately generation of incident such as location oil-gas pipeline leakage.
Distributed fiberoptic sensor of the present invention mainly comprises judgement and location, the warning etc. of laser pulse generator, Fiber Optic Coupler, sensor fibre, optical power detector, signal amplifier, low-pass filter, analog-to-digital conversion and Digital Signal Processing, data analysis and fusion, leakage.It is characterized in that the light pulse with certain width and power that laser pulse generator sends is through the Fiber Optic Coupler injection fibre, in optical fiber, transmit, the back-scattering light of each point turns back to input end on the optical fiber, be input to photodetector through Fiber Optic Coupler, convert electrical signal to, amplification, the laggard line data collection of filtering and Digital Signal Processing, the result gives computer.Simultaneously, light pulse continues to propagate forward, outputs to photodetector at the other end, converts electrical signal to, amplification, the laggard line data collection of filtering and Digital Signal Processing, and the result also gives computer.Computer obtains the static state and the DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION feature of each point loss on the optical fiber by two paths of signals is carried out data analysis and fusion.Because the loss that incidents such as oil-gas pipeline leaks, near the mechanical execution the pipeline and artificial destruction produce optical fiber has different spectrum signatures, by the analysis to loss, judges and accurately locate the generation of incidents such as oil and gas leakage rapidly.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system is characterized in that it comprises the testing module of two cover optical power signals.One is the detection that is used for the optical fiber back-scattering light, is called the back-scattering light testing module; Another is to be used to detect the light pulse of propagating forward along the optical fiber luminous power output at the optical fiber the other end, is called optical fiber Output optical power testing module.These two modules can be integrated in the system, also can separate, and can link to each other by data communication network.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system, it is characterized in that optical fiber uses as sensor, also can be used as simultaneously data link and use, be used for the data communication between two cover optical power signals testing modules and the computer, or be used for the data communication between other control apparatus on the oil-gas pipeline.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system is characterized in that luminous power detects and comprises photodetector, amplifier, low-pass filter, analog-digital converter and DSP digital signal processor (microprocessor).The output of the input terminated optical fiber of photodetector converts luminous power to electrical signal and outputs to amplifier; Signal outputs to low-pass filter after amplifier amplifies and eliminates (part) DC component; The output terminal of low-pass filter is received analog-digital converter; DSP digital signal processor is carried out delivering to computer after the FFT conversion to the data of analog-digital converter output and is carried out data analysis and fusion.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system is characterized in that the testing module at optical fiber two ends can be worked simultaneously, also can work alone.The back-scattering light testing module is mainly finished the static state of each point on the optical fiber and the measurement and the locating function of dynamic loss, and optical fiber Output optical power testing module is mainly finished the measurement of optical fiber overall diameter total losses dynamic change and the function that fault type is judged.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system, the testing module that it is characterized in that the optical fiber two ends is worked simultaneously, can eliminate the interference that light pulse power instability that laser pulse generator produces is brought, the power that for example utilizes the back-scattering light testing module to gather input optical pulse carries out normalized to the Output optical power data of optical fiber output testing module collection.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system, it is characterized in that and to use optical fiber as feeler arm sensing, other adds an optical fiber as the reference arm, two optical fiber are sent in the light pulse that optical pulse generator sends respectively, detect the luminous power of two optical fiber outputs simultaneously at output terminal, can eliminate the light pulse power unstable problem that laser pulse generator sends, the Output optical power data of optical fiber output testing module collection are carried out normalized.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system, it is characterized in that the back-scattering light testing module can be an OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectmeter), the network interface and the computer communication that provide on communication interface that OTDR provides such as GPIB, RS232 or the OTDR are provided; Also can use the OTDR card to be directly installed in the computer.Computer can be controlled the working state of OTDR.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system, it is characterized in that data capture and digital signal processing unit in the luminous power testing module have central processing unit (CPU), it can communicate with computer, receives instruction from computer, be subjected to computer control, send data and working state to computer.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system, it is characterized in that computer is to analyzing from the data of back-scattering light testing module and the acquisition of optical fiber output testing module and merging, can obtain the static state and the DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION of each point loss on the optical fiber, when the loss signal has certain feature, start warning device.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system is characterized in that optical fiber can go ahead, and also can turn back.When turning back, the optical fiber that goes and return is sensed same signal in same physical location, but their positions on optical fiber are different, and the time of signal arrival optical fiber Output optical power testing module is also inequality, the front and back signal has identical frequency spectrum, but intensity is the result of two secondary actions stack.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system is characterized in that the sensitivity of back-scattering light testing module and optical fiber output testing module reaches 0.01dB.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system is characterized in that optical fiber will can be Single Mode Fiber to variation in pressure and oscillating signal sensitivity, also can be multi-mould optical fibre.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system is characterized in that width, energy and the frequency of the light pulse that laser pulse generator produces is controlled.The width of light pulse has determined the Location accuracy of back-scattering light testing module, and the energy of light pulse can influence the sensitivity of system.
Above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor system, the sampling trigger signal that it is characterized in that optical fiber Output optical power testing module can be light pulse, also can be the sample frequency (light pulse this moment send be stable optical signal) of computer settings.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention; Computer sends the light pulse control command among Fig. 1, the driving laser pulse oscillator produces has the light pulse of certain width and power through the Fiber Optic Coupler injection fibre, transmission forward in optical fiber, because the nonuniformity of inside of optical fibre will produce Rayleigh scattering, indivedual points such as joint in the optical fiber can produce Fresnel reflection, each point turns back to input end because of the back-scattering light that Rayleigh scattering or Fresnel reflection produce along optical fiber on the optical fiber, be input to photodetector through Fiber Optic Coupler, convert electrical signal to, through laggard line data collection of amplification filtering and Digital Signal Processing, the result gives computer, is called the back-scattering light testing module.Simultaneously, light pulse continues to propagate forward, outputs to photodetector at the other end, converts electrical signal to, and through laggard line data collection of amplification filtering and Digital Signal Processing, the result gives computer, is called optical fiber Output optical power testing module.Computer obtains the static state and the DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION feature of each point loss on the optical fiber by two paths of signals is carried out data analysis and fusion.In the present embodiment, two cover testing modules are integrated in together, and they can be worked simultaneously, also can work alone.Can utilize the back-scattering light testing module to detect the luminous power of the light pulse that optical pulse generator sends, the survey data of optical fiber Output optical power testing module is carried out normalized, eliminate of the influence of the instability of light source measurement result.In the present embodiment, optical fiber turns back, the optical fiber that goes and return is sensed same signal in same physical location, but their positions on optical fiber are different, the time of signal arrival optical fiber output testing module is also inequality, the front and back signal has identical frequency spectrum, but intensity is the result of two secondary actions stack.
Fig. 2 is the system block diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention, the difference of it and Fig. 1 is that optical fiber goes ahead, do not turn back, therefore back-scattering light testing module and optical fiber Output optical power testing module be not at same physical location, respectively at the two ends of optical fiber, just be placed in the input end and the output terminal of oil and gas pipes respectively, computer and back-scattering light testing module are at same position, and it links to each other with optical fiber output testing module by data communication network.
Fig. 3 is photoelectric conversion, amplification, the eliminator schematic diagram among the present invention.The optical power signals that D1 comes the optical fiber coupling converts photo-signal to, and the current/voltage-converted circuit of forming through operational amplifier A 1 becomes voltage signal output again.Owing to added certain bias voltage in the positive ends of A2 operational amplifier, thus when the voltage signal of previous stage when A2 amplifies, can eliminate the part DC component, mainly amplify AC compounent, its output still is voltage signal.Third level discharge circuit has been formed low-pass filter, and cutoff frequency is by R
F3And C
F3Decision, it is output as-and 5V is to the voltage the between+5V, after the A/D conversion, exports 16 digital signal, and after the FFT conversion, the frequency spectrum data of output signal is handled to computer again.
Maximum characteristics of the present invention have provided a kind of method of utilizing optical fiber as sensor oil-gas pipeline to be monitored in real time.First advantage of this method is to utilize the characteristic of optical fiber can realize remote Distributed Detection; Second advantage is to utilize photosignal to realize real-time, and test speed is fast; The 3rd advantage is not only can measure static characteristic, and can measure dynamic characteristic; The 4th advantage is owing to used optical fiber and optical signal, can use under hazardous environment; The 5th advantage is because the loss that incidents such as near mechanical execution that oil-gas pipeline leaks, pipeline is and artificial destruction produce optical fiber takes on a different character, by data being analyzed and being merged, judge and accurately locate the generation of incidents such as oil and gas leakage rapidly, start warning device.The 6th advantage is that the whole system volume is little, and be safe and reliable, easy for installation.
Claims (10)
1. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) near oil-gas pipeline with parallel one or several optical cable of laying of oil-gas pipeline, utilize optical fiber as sensor, oil-gas pipeline is monitored in real time;
2) at the two ends of optical fiber, just the input end of oil-gas pipeline and output terminal are provided with a back-scattering light testing module [3] and an optical fiber Output optical power testing module [4];
Light pulse input end at optical fiber one end, optical pulse generator [1] and Fiber Optic Coupler [2] are set, each point turns back to input end because of the back-scattering light that Rayleigh scattering or Fresnel reflection produce along optical fiber on the optical fiber, back-scattering light testing module [3] is finished the static state of each point on the optical fiber and the measurement and the location of dynamic loss by the measurement to back-scattering light; Export at the other end of optical fiber along the light pulse that optical fiber is propagated forward, optical fiber Output optical power testing module [4] is finished the measurement of optical fiber overall diameter total losses dynamic change and the judgement of fault type by the measurement to the optical fiber Output optical power;
3), obtain the feature of each point loss on the optical fiber by measurement to back-scattering light and optical fiber Output optical power; Utilize computer data are analyzed and to be merged, obtain the variation in pressure around the pipeline and the feature of oscillating signal, judge and the accurately generation of incident such as location oil-gas pipeline leakage.
2. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor as claimed in claim 1 leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that described optical fiber can be Single Mode Fiber, also can be multi-mould optical fibre; Optical fiber both can be used as sensor and had used, and also can be used as data link and used.
3. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor as claimed in claim 1 leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that:
Described back-scattering light testing module [3] comprises optical power detector [301], signal amplification, wave filter [302], signals collecting and Digital Signal Processing [303] unit;
Described Output optical power testing module [4] comprises optical power detector [401], signal amplification, wave filter [402], signals collecting and Digital Signal Processing [403] unit equally;
The light pulse with certain width and power that optical pulse generator [1] sends is through Fiber Optic Coupler [2] injection fibre, in optical fiber, transmit, the back-scattering light of each point turns back to input end on the optical fiber, be input to the optical power detector [301] of back-scattering light testing module [3] through Fiber Optic Coupler [2], convert electrical signal to, through signal amplification, wave filter [302], signals collecting and digital signal processing unit [303] amplifies, after filtering and the Digital Signal Processing, the result gives computer data analytical system [5]; Simultaneously, light pulse continues to propagate forward, output to the optical power detector [401] of Output optical power testing module [4] at the other end, convert electrical signal to, through signal amplification, wave filter [402], signals collecting and digital signal processing unit [403] amplifies, after filtering and the Digital Signal Processing, the result also gives computer data analytical system [5]; Computer data analytical system [5] obtains the static state and the DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION feature of each point loss on the optical fiber by two paths of signals is carried out data analysis and fusion.
4. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor as claimed in claim 1 leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that, described back-scattering light testing module [3] and optical fiber Output optical power testing module [4] can be integrated in the system, also can separate, link to each other by data communication network.
5. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor as claimed in claim 1 leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that, the testing module at described optical fiber two ends can be worked simultaneously, also can work alone, to the measurement of dynamic loss on the optical fiber, the sensitivity of back-scattering light testing module [3] and optical fiber output testing module [4] is 0.01dB.
6. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor as claimed in claim 1 leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that described laser pulse generator [1] can be a laser diode.
7. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor as claimed in claim 4 leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that, described back-scattering light testing module [3] can be an OTDR (OpticalTime Domain Reflectmeter), and the network interface and the computer communication that provide on communication interface GPIB, RS232 that OTDR provides or the OTDR are provided; Also can use the OTDR card to be directly installed in the computer, by the working state of computer control OTDR.
8. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor as claimed in claim 3 leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that, data capture in the back-scattering light testing module [3] and digital signal processing unit [303] have central processing unit, and it can communicate with computer.
9. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor as claimed in claim 1 leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that described optical fiber can go ahead, and also can turn back.
10. the oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor as claimed in claim 1 leaks the intelligent online monitoring method, it is characterized in that, pulse width, energy and the frequency of optical pulse generator [1] are controlled, the sampling trigger signal of optical fiber Output optical power testing module [4] can be light pulse, also can be the sample frequency of computer settings.
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