CN1414902A - 硬质表面用受控释放抗菌擦 - Google Patents
硬质表面用受控释放抗菌擦 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1414902A CN1414902A CN00818017A CN00818017A CN1414902A CN 1414902 A CN1414902 A CN 1414902A CN 00818017 A CN00818017 A CN 00818017A CN 00818017 A CN00818017 A CN 00818017A CN 1414902 A CN1414902 A CN 1414902A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- scraper
- antiseptic
- fiber
- laminate layers
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- CYCGRDQQIOGCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydro-luciferin Natural products OC(=O)C1=CSC(C=2SC3=CC(O)=CC=C3N=2)=N1 CYCGRDQQIOGCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adamantane Natural products C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002955 Art silk Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940123208 Biguanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010016952 Food poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001463139 Vitta Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XIWFQDBQMCDYJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-tridecylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XIWFQDBQMCDYJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012956 testing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
- A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
- A47L13/16—Cloths; Pads; Sponges
- A47L13/17—Cloths; Pads; Sponges containing cleaning agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/23—Solid substances, e.g. granules, powders, blocks, tablets
- A61L2/238—Metals or alloys, e.g. oligodynamic metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/049—Cleaning or scouring pads; Wipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
- C11D3/3953—Inorganic bleaching agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
-
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Abstract
提供受控释放抗菌剂的一种擦具,具有粘合了抗菌剂的基材层。除此之外,擦具具有一个或多个层压层,至少其中一个是吸收性的。可以采用各种抗菌剂比如含银添加剂、次氯酸钙和产生二氧化氯的化合物。基材层可以是聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)熔体喷射织物而层压层可以是湿法成网的复合吸收性织物。
Description
本发明基于1999年12月28日提交的临时专利申请系列号60/173,224,并且在此要求其优先权。
发明领域
本发明一般地涉及擦具,比如在食品供应和医学领域中用来消毒硬质表面的类型。更具体地,本发明涉及擦具,其具有在延长的时期之内可受控释放并且在重复洗涤和漂洗之后仍保持有效的抗菌剂。
发明背景
微生物污染对消费者或商家常用的任何物品均有不利影响,特别是在医药和食品供应工业中使用的物品。比如,由于各种细菌猖獗,在过去的10年中据报道已经有至少200起食物中毒致死案例。而且,美国每年因医院感染而死亡的人数比交通事故和凶杀加起来还要多。
许多这类污染是由于微生物从硬质表面比如桌面或柜台顶面迁移到食物上或迁移到食物操作者的手上并随后到食物本身而发生的。比如,在食品供应工业中,污染通常发生在用来制备食物的不锈钢表面上。多种食品是在硬质表面例如柜台、桌子等上制备的。来自这些产品的细菌经常聚集在这类表面上,并且如果表面没有定期消毒,细菌就会从产品转移到产品上或从产品转移至食物操作者。无数的研究表明,由于微生物接触人手或抹布并随后污染抹布或手所接触的其它物品如设备或其它表面而发生交叉污染。
结果是,已采用含有抗菌剂的擦具以防止这类表面和抹布污染。目前,大多数这些抗菌擦具是以抗菌剂浸渍的并且以预润湿的形式供应给用户。但是,采用这些预润湿的擦具,在经过一段时期的使用之后在为除掉灰尘而洗涤和漂洗擦具后,擦具内部的消毒剂通常容易耗光。因此,据信这类预润湿的擦具只能温和地抑制擦具和/或所清洁的硬质表面上微生物的生长或只能擦有限次。
已经开发出非预润湿类型的一些抗菌擦具。比如,可以以干燥状态供应的一种抗菌擦具公开在Fellows的美国专利5,213,884中。在Fellows的专利中,据描述擦具含有与氯释放剂混合的热熔性粘合剂粉末。将粘合剂粉末和氯释放剂引入到适于在硬质表面消毒中使用的织物中。
虽然Fellows公开的擦具可以以干燥形式供应,但是其在延长的时期之内明显无法提供足够的消毒效果一一类似于预润湿类型的擦具。与水接触之后,在能以干燥状态供应的这类擦具中,抗菌剂的释放容易发生但无法控制。这使得擦具在重复洗涤和漂洗之后无法保持其抗菌活性。
另一种抗菌擦具是England的Pal Internat ional Inc.的市场化产品WIPEX。根据其宣传资料,该擦具含有聚(盐酸环六亚甲基双胍)、烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)。除此之外,该擦具包括指示色条,据说随着擦具中消毒剂的消耗而逐渐褪色。据信Fenn等人的美国专利4,311,479涉及这种特殊的抗菌抹布。但是,没有明显的证据表明这些擦具在降低细胞活性方面非常有效。而且,据信在经过洗涤和漂洗之后,其只能保持有限的抗菌活性。
因此,目前仍需要更有效的擦具,它能够消毒硬质表面和抑制交叉污染。特别需要含有在与水接触时缓慢释放从而使擦具在重复洗涤和漂洗操作之后仍提供抗菌溶液和保持其抗菌效力的抗菌剂的擦具。
发明简述
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供适于消毒硬质表面用的擦具。
本发明的另一个目的是提供擦具,其含有在反复洗涤和漂洗操作之后仍保持有效的抗菌剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供擦具,其含有在重复洗涤和漂洗之后通过控制抗菌剂的释放速率而保持有效的抗菌剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供擦具,其含有引入到纤维基材层内部的受控释放抗菌剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供擦具,其含有引入到粘合在纤维基材上的疏水性基材层内部的受控释放抗菌剂。
本发明的这些和其它目的通过提供适于消毒硬质表面和抑制或防止交叉污染用的擦具实现。本发明的擦具一般地包括基材层、至少一个层压层和粘合在基材层上的抗菌剂。
根据本发明,现有技术中常用以制造抹布如擦具的任何材料均可用作基材材料。通常地,但并不限于,这类材料是疏水性的材料。一般地,基材材料的单位重量可以大于约10g/m2(gsm)。在本发明的一个实施方案中,擦具含有从聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)共聚物(EVA)成型的熔体喷射基材层。
除了基材层以外,本发明的擦具也含有层压层。一般地,本发明的层压层可以包括任何吸收性材料(或如果采用另外的层压层,是疏水性材料),其可粘合到基材层上。比如,在一个实施方案中,由以名称HYDROKNIT售卖的湿法成网(hydroentangled)材料形成并且单位重量为49gsm的两个层压层粘合到EVA熔体喷射基材层的两个表面上。HYDROKNIT进一步公开在Everhart等人的美国专利5,284,703中,在这里就其全文参考引入。除此之外,织物可以是共成型材料,比如公开在Anderson等人的美国专利4,100,324和Georger等人的5,350,624中,在这里就其全文参考引入。
如所述,本发明的基材层可以是疏水性的。因此,这类层可以对透水性有实质性影响,因为层本身有厚度。就这点而言,基材层可以增强本发明制造的擦具在延长的时期之内在重复洗涤和漂洗之后仍可操作的能力。特别地,当基材层是疏水性的时,据信该层可以抑制水从擦具中轻易地迁出,因此为引入其中的抗菌剂提供了更长的释放时间。
根据本发明,该擦具也包括在延长的时期之内在重复洗涤和漂洗之后可控制释放的抗菌剂。对本发明的目的而言,“重复洗涤和漂洗”一般指的是在擦拭应用之间至少5次循环漂洗擦具。这里所用的“漂洗循环”包括使擦具与水接触并从擦具中挤或拧出过量水的步骤。抗菌剂一般粘合到形成基材层的纤维上。在一个特定实施方案中,抗菌剂粘合到熔体喷射聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)(EVA)纤维上。
一般地,能够可控释放的任何抗菌剂均可根据本发明采用。适用于本发明的一些抗菌剂的例子包括各种固体颗粒状抗菌剂,比如次氯酸钙颗粒、产生卤素的制剂、产生二氧化氯的制剂、含有银离子的颗粒和与载体络合的季胺。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,提供了具有不同粒度的抗菌剂比如次氯酸钙。因为小颗粒一般比大颗粒具有更高的溶解速率,可以通过采用具有粒度差的这类颗粒来实现对抗菌剂释放速率的控制。
本发明的另一个实施方案包括颗粒形式的抗菌剂,其涂布以各种聚合物以使颗粒至少被部分包封。在该实施方案中,提供各种量和类型的涂层以获得所希望的特定抗菌剂释放速率。比如,具有更厚或更完全涂层的颗粒一般提供较低的释放速率,并且反之也是如此。除此之外,可以采用各种方法,比如聚合反应化学、多孔吸收剂、可溶性粘合剂或其组合来调节抗菌剂的受控释放性能。
本发明的抗菌剂可以在构成基材层的纤维凝固之前引入到基材层中。在一个实施方案中,次氯酸钙颗粒在熔体喷射基材层成型过程中添加到未凝固的熔体喷射聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)纤维。颗粒可以在纤维仍具粘性时加入到熔体喷射纤维的料流中。如果需要,含有粘合在EVA纤维上的次氯酸钙颗粒的熔体喷射基材层可以直接成型到预成型的吸收性层压层上,以便不需要另外的粘合剂将层压层和基材层粘合在一起,虽然为此目的而使用单独的粘合剂在本发明范围之内。然后使熔体喷射纤维凝固成熔体喷射织物。如果需要,包含与最初层压层相同材料或不同材料的另外的层压层可以粘合到熔体喷射基材层的另一个表面上。另外的层压层可以通过任何方式粘合到基材层上,比如通过化学或热粘合法。
本发明的基材和层压层也可以含有除了抗菌剂以外的化学品。而且,视觉传感器或染料可以引入到一个或多个层中,以便在抗菌剂消耗之后给出指示。这类视觉传感器的一些例子由美国专利3,704,096;4,205,043;5,699,326;5,317,987;4,248,597和4,311,479所述的指示器提供,在这里就其全文参考引入。除此之外,硫代硫酸钠和各种蓝色染料方法,比如在WIPEX擦具中采用的也可采用。
本发明的其它目的、特点和方面将在下文中更为详细地讨论。
代表性实施方案的详述
现在详细参照本发明的实施方案,以下给出它的一个或多个实例。所提供的每个实例均旨在解释本发明,而非限制本发明。实际上,对本领域内技术人员而言明显的是,在本发明中可以做出各种修改和变更而不偏离本发明的范围或精神。比如,作为一个实施方案的一部分而说明或描述的特点可用于另一个实施方案,以得到再进一步的实施方案。因此,期望本发明涵盖了处于附录权利要求和其等同物的范围之内的这类修改和变更。本发明的其它目的、特点和方面在以下的详细描述中公开或因其而明显。本领域内普通技术人员要明白的是,本发明的讨论只是对代表性实施方案的描述,而没有限制本发明更宽范围的意图。
一般地,本发明涉及擦具,其含有在漂洗循环之后可释放到擦具内部所含液体中的抗菌剂,其中抗菌剂在一段时期内以受控速率释放。已经发现通过采用固体或颗粒形式的抗菌剂,抗菌剂在与水接触时可缓慢释放。令人惊奇的是,这使得同不控制抗菌剂释放速率的擦具所能实现的相比,允许采用更强的抗菌剂。而且,已经发现擦具经过多次漂洗循环过程仍保持其抗菌活性。实际上,采用本发明的某些实施方案,多达6次或更多次的漂洗循环都是可能的。在本发明的其它实施方案中,10次或更多次的漂洗循环是可能的,而在本发明再其它的实施方案中,可以获得15~20次漂洗循环,甚至20或更多的漂洗循环是可能的。
根据本发明,提供了含有基材层、至少一个层压层和抗菌剂的抗菌表面擦具。在一个实施方案中,本发明的擦具包括与第一和第二层压层粘合的基材层。而且,抗菌剂可以引入到基材层中,以使抗菌剂在与水接触时可以以受控速率释放。
本发明的层压层一般可以从现有技术制造擦具常用的任何吸收性材料制造。比如,本发明的层压层可以由吸收性非织造织物制造,并且更具体地,由具有高浆粕含量的吸收性复合非织造织物制造。适用于本发明的层压层的一些实例公开在Everhart等人的美国专利5,389,202;Everhart等人的5,284,703和Adam等人的5,573,841中,在此就其全文参考引入。在一个实施方案中,层压层包含HYDROKNIT复合非织造织物,其含有大约70重量%的经湿法成网成型为连续纤维基材的浆粕纤维。HYDROKNIT材料由Neenah,Wisconsin的Kimberly-Clark公司市售。除此之外,织物可以是共成型材料,比如公开在Anderson等人的美国专利4,100,324和Georger等人的5,350,624中,在此就其全文参考引入。擦具可以按照Win等人的美国专利4,833,003和4,853,281所公开的内容进行包装和制造。
取决于特定的应用,本发明所用层压层的单位重量可以改变。一般地,引入本发明擦具中的层压层的单位重量至少约10g/m2(gsm)。层压层的单位重量也可以至少约20gsm。在本发明的一个实施方案中,用于层压层的材料的单位重量约为49gsm。
虽然不要求,本发明的擦具也可以包括一个以上的层压层。在本发明的一个实施方案中,比如擦具包括两个层压层,二者均可由吸收性非织造织物制造,比如HYDROKNIT材料。在其它的实施方案中,另外的层压层本身可以是疏水性材料,类似基材层的一个实施方案。这使得擦具可设计用于特定的性能标准,比如用于擦拭油。
根据本发明制造的擦具包括基材层,其可以通过自粘合或通过使用独立的粘合剂材料而粘合到层压层上。特别地,本发明的基材层由纤维材料制造。特别地,可以采用疏水性纤维材料。适用于本发明基材层的材料的一些实例公开在Georger等人的美国专利5,350,624中,在此就其全文参考引入。适宜的基材材料的其它实例包括比如,熔体喷射聚丙烯、纺粘聚丙烯、HYDROKNIT材料、双重绉纹织物和纱纸。在本发明的一个特定实施方案中,基材层包含熔体喷射聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)。适用于本发明的市售形式的聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)的一个实例是EVA级LC724.36,其熔体指数为135℃,由EXXON Chemicals制造。
本发明采用的基材层可以有各种单位重量。在一个特定的实施方案中,当采用约49gsm的层压层时,总体复合材料的单位重量可以是约125gsm~130gsm,并且更特别地约130gsm。
在粘合到本发明的层压层上时,据信基材层含有可提高擦具持水能力的空隙空间。擦具每次进行漂洗循环时,擦具内部的液体,包括基材层内部的液体,与来自外源的液体(比如洗涤桶)全部或部分交换。进入擦具的液体一般具有非常少或不含溶解在其中的抗菌剂,因而是贫抗菌溶液。但是,与受试基材层以及与其粘合的受控释放形式的抗菌剂接触的液体溶解一部分抗菌剂并因此形成抗菌溶液。
本文所用的术语“抗菌溶液”指的是与不含该量抗菌剂的同种液体相比,在溶液中具有用量足以杀灭引起常见病的细菌菌株或降低其生长速率的抗菌剂的液体。在本发明的某些实施方案中,抗菌溶液可以起到卫生剂溶液或消毒剂溶液的作用。
当用擦具清洁表面时,一些持留擦具液体从擦具中被强制赶出并留在该表面上。因为液体是抗菌溶液,它在已经擦过的表面上能够用作杀虫剂或生物稳定剂。
据信因为基材层具有可测量和可控制的空隙体积,因而可以确定和控制漂洗之后层内部持留的液体量。因此,粘接到基材层上的抗菌剂只需提供足够的抗菌剂,以使该持留的液体成为抗菌溶液。因此,通过控制粘接在基材层上的抗菌剂的量和形式,并且通过提供纤维垫形式的具有可测量和可控制的空隙体积的基材层,就能够控制每次漂洗循环之后进入持留液体内的抗菌剂的量,并因而提供能够在多次漂洗循环之后补充持留液体中的抗菌剂的擦具。
据信使用疏水性纤维织物作为基材层也可以影响该层的流体持留性能,并因此对擦具的受控释放特性提供所希望的控制。
而且,在一个实施方案中,在两个独立的吸收性层压层之间含有基材层,这使得擦具保持良好的擦-干(wipe-dry)性能,同时也拥有持水能力并防止或减少了非活化的高度浓缩抗菌剂颗粒的损失。该结构的一个优点是,使抗菌剂避免与擦具所接触的任何表面直接接触。这在采用对皮肤有刺激的抗菌剂时很具优势,因为它避免了这类抗菌剂的颗粒或浓源留在可能与人类皮肤接触的表面上(比如马桶座垫)。除此之外,据信这类擦具对使用者的手更不具刺激性。
如前所述,本发明的擦具也包括可受控释放的抗菌剂。一般地,将抗菌剂引入到受试擦具的基材层中。特别地,抗菌剂可以在基材层保持未凝固状态时添加到基材层上。通过在此阶段添加,抗菌剂就可以高度分散并且成为基材层纤维织物的一部分,借此大大抑制了所不希望的抗菌剂流失。纤维冷却和凝固成结构化织物导致颗粒粘接到基材层上并且大大阻止了它们在重复漂洗循环过程中的脱落。颗粒对基材层的粘合强度大大防止了这类颗粒迁移出基材层,并且也降低了颗粒的摩擦损失。
一般地,本发明的抗菌剂可以包含现有技术中常用作消毒剂的多种不同的化学品。有用的抗菌剂包括产生二氧化氯的制剂,其含有二氧化氯、氯酸钠表面活性剂和酸部分作为抗菌剂。这种受控释放二氧化氯制剂的市售例子是由Bernard Technologies,Inc.制造,并且以名称MICROSPHERE2500售卖的。该产品描述在美国专利5,631,300;5,639,295;5,650,446和5,668,185中。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,抗菌剂可以包括银离子。在该实施方案中,可以使用银-沸石配合物以提供抗菌剂的受控释放。这种受控释放抗菌剂的一个市售例子可从AgION Technologies,LLC.以名称AgIONTM获得(以前可以以名称HEALTH SHIELD从K.B.Technologies,Inc.获得)。该材料已被引入到织物中,织物可以以名称GUARDTEX获得。该材料由聚酯和人造丝制成并且含有银-沸石配合物。其它适宜的含银抗菌剂公开在日本未审查专利JP 10/259325中,这里就其参考引入。
除了银-沸石以外,在本发明中也可以使用其它含金属无机添加剂。这类添加剂的例子包括,但不限于,铜、锌、汞、锑、铅、铋、镉、铬、铊或其它各种添加剂,比如公开在Totani等人的日本专利JP 1257124A和美国专利5,011,602中,这里就其参考引入。在一些实施方案中,添加剂的活性也可以提高,比如描述在Davis等人的美国专利5,900,383中,在此也就其参考引入。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,抗菌剂可以是游离氯源物质。次氯酸钙或次氯酸钠可以用于此目的,而且特别地可以使用次氯酸钙颗粒。适于本发明使用的市售形式的次氯酸钙颗粒的例子是ALDRICH牌#24-415-5稳定工业级(研磨和筛分到约150μm粒度)。
除了前述的实施方案以外,在本发明制造的擦具中也可以使用其它抗菌剂。这类抗菌剂的例子包括,但不限于,季胺、卤素、二氧化氯、氧化剂、过氧化物如过氧化钠,其它银离子如Ag+、Ag++和Ag+++和银配合物,或其组合。可用于产生二氧化氯的体系的一些例子比如公开在美国专利5,126,070;5,407,685;5,227,168;4,689,169和4,681,739中,所有都在此以其全文参考引入。其它可采用的抗菌剂公开在Shick等人的美国专利5,837,274中,在此就其全文参考引入。
本发明的抗菌剂可以是这种形式,其对抗菌剂从其源释放到与抗菌剂接触的液体中的速率提供控制。调整溶解度的各种方法在现有技术中是已知的并且可用来控制引入到本发明制造的擦具中的抗菌剂的释放速率。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,可采用具有不同粒度的抗菌颗粒来控制抗菌剂的释放。比如,次氯酸钙的释放速率可以通过采用具有某种粒度分布的次氯酸盐颗粒而得到控制。因为更小的次氯酸钙颗粒提供更高的表面积,所以它比更大的颗粒在水中具有更快的溶解速率。因此,在本发明的一个实施方案中,擦具释放次氯酸钙的速率可以通过提供不同粒度的颗粒来控制。为了降低总体释放速率,可以简单地按照需要在引入到基材层中之前向受控释放组合物中添加更大的颗粒。
这种受控释放抗菌剂的例子公开在PCT申请WO 98/53679中,题目是“固体消毒剂材料/表面活性剂组合物”并授权给Olin公司的。如其所述,消毒剂组合物作为抗菌剂可随时间受控释放。
除了改变粒度之外,可以使用控制释放速率的其它方法以控制受试擦具内部存在的抗菌剂的释放。特别地,可以采用受控释放方法比如聚合反应化学方法、包封、多孔吸收剂、可溶性粘合剂和其它类似技术,以进一步增强对一段时期之内所释放的抗菌剂的量进行控制的能力。
比如,在一个实施方案中,次氯酸钙颗粒可以完全或部分包封在聚合物涂层内部以降低颗粒在水中的溶解速率。通过降低溶解速率,次氯酸钙在更长的时期内以受控量释放,提供了承受连续洗涤和漂洗的能力,而仍保持作为擦具抗菌剂的有效性。当对本发明的抗菌剂引入涂层时,现有技术中任何已知用来降低抗菌剂释放速率或溶解速率的涂层都可以使用。比如,在一个实施方案中,采用丙烯酸类聚合物的水乳液来涂布次氯酸钙抗菌剂。在另一个实施方案中,使用微晶蜡涂层。在另一个实施方案中,采用聚乙烯。
为了足够降低本发明抗菌剂的释放速率,一般不必要完全涂布颗粒。比如,在一个实施方案中,使用20%丙烯酸类聚合物涂层,而在另一个实施方案中,使用33.5%丙烯酸类聚合物涂层。在另一个实施方案中,使用60%微晶蜡涂层。
根据本发明,其它化学品可以引入到受试擦具中以增强擦具的性能。比如,本发明的擦具也可以含有表面活性剂、皂角苷和其它化学品以控制有待清洁的表面上生物膜的形成。而且,本发明的擦具可以含有起视觉传感器作用的化学品以检测抗菌剂的消耗。特别地,将指示器引入到擦具内部所含的透明粘合剂中以通过改变颜色指示抗菌剂的消耗。多个指示器方法在现有技术中是已知的并且可以在本发明中采用。例子包括时间指示器、化学品指示器、pH值指示器、粘合剂/染料指示器和染料溶解度指示器。
以下对制造本发明抗菌擦具的方法进行一般性描述。应该注意的是,以下讨论只是为足以使本领域熟练技术人员实施本发明抗菌擦具的实施方案而进行的描述。现有技术中已知的其它类似方法也适于制造本发明的抗菌擦具。
为了制造本发明的擦具,首先将抗菌剂在基材层保持未凝固状态时大体上包埋在基材层内部。特别地,次氯酸钙颗粒比如可以包埋在聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)熔体喷射基材层的未凝固纤维织物内部。但是也可以采用其它方法将颗粒粘接到纤维上。可采用的一个例子公开在Cohen等人的美国专利5,736,473中,在此就其全文参考引入。Cohen等人公开了通过采用纤维材料的已充电基质而将颗粒材料粘接到纤维材料的单个表面上的方法。
在本发明的一个特定实施方案中,首先将聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)(EXXON EVA级LC 724.36,熔体指数为135℃)熔体喷射成纤维织物。用于制造熔体喷射纤维和所得到的非织造织物的方法和设备在现有技术中是已知的。熔体喷射纤维是按以下方法成型的纤维:将熔融聚合物材料通过多个细(一般是圆形的)模头毛细管以熔融线束或线丝的形式挤出到会聚(一般是热和高速度的)气体(比如空气)流中,使熔融物料的线丝变细并形成纤维。在熔体喷射方法过程中,熔融线丝的直径通过牵伸空气所施加的力一般降低到所需要的尺寸。然后,熔体喷射纤维由高速气流携带并沉积在收集表面上以形成无规分布的熔体喷射纤维织物。这种方法比如公开在Buntin等人的美国专利3,849,241、Lau的4,526,733和Dodge,II等人的5,160,746中,所有在此就其全文参考引入。熔体喷射纤维可以是连续或非连续的并且平均直径一般小于10μm。可以使用各种材料以形成熔体喷射纤维,比如聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
在一个实施方案中,聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)在温度如420°F、挤出机压力如135psig和初级拉细空气温度如435°F下挤出。在挤出之后,然后采用具有调节计量辊的进料斗设备将次氯酸钙颗粒(ALDRICH#24-415-5稳定颗粒状工业级)输送到熔体喷射聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)料流中,并沿着7英寸宽的熔体喷射乙烯醋酸乙烯酯料流以16.8g/min(~12.4g/m2)进行计量加入。
进料斗设备的出料喷嘴一般紧邻热的出料熔体喷射聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)纤维,以便于将次氯酸钙颗粒粘接到熔融纤维上并将纤维成型为凝固织物。进料斗设备喷嘴距出料纤维约3英寸~约4英寸或更小,以形成单位重量约24g/m2的凝固织物。
在形成聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)/次氯酸钙复合基材层之后,然后有必要将复合材料粘接到一个或多个层压层上以形成受试的硬质表面擦具。标准的49g/m2的HYDROKNIT材料通过作为复合材料料流的非卷绕上游并位于以约25英尺/分钟操作的多孔成型金属丝之上而用作吸收性层压层。具粘性的复合材料然后直接成型到HYDROKNIT材料上而不粘接到金属丝本身上。
然后,如果需要,第二层压层可以粘接到复合基材层上。第二个49gsm的HYDROKNIT材料同样热粘接到复合材料上,从而使基材层位于第一和第二层压层之间而用作各层间的粘合剂。就此点而言,HYDROKNIT材料每层的纺粘侧通常面向复合基材层。
在三个层适当地定位之后,可以使用热粘合剂,以便利用位置相对着光滑钢辊的粘接花纹(bond pattern)(比如美国专利5,389,202所述的“714粘接花纹”,在此就其全文参考引入)辊将各层粘接在一起。调整辊参数以使辊温度比如为约214°F,粘接压力比如是约30psig,而线速度比如是约10英尺/分钟。前述方法的结果是,抗菌剂(在一个实施方案中是次氯酸钙颗粒)足以位于基材基质内部的层压层之间,从而在织物机械加工过程中无论是湿态还是干态,都只有微不足道的颗粒损失量。
本发明参照如下的实施例进行详细说明。
实施例1
如下说明本发明擦具所涉及的受控释放的一般概念。制备两个4英寸×6英寸的擦具样品。两个擦具均含有HYDROKNIT层压材料的两个49gsm层,粘接到前述24gsm熔体喷射聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)(EXXON EVA级LC 724.36,熔体指数135℃)基体材料上。一个样品中使用的基体材料包括粘接到本发明熔体喷射纤维上的ALDRICH牌次氯酸钙颗粒(粒化成各种粒度的Aldrich#24-415-5稳定颗粒状工业级;所有颗粒的粒度<105目)。另一个样品不含抗菌剂。
在制备之后,采用测定总氯含量用的Hach’s DPD(N,N-二乙基对苯二胺)试验测定两个擦具样品中作为抗菌剂的氯的供应情况。Hach’s DPD试验被美国环保署所承认用以检测氯含量并且是广泛适用的测试方法,其采用了比色计和各种DPD试剂。
为了采用Hach’s DPD方法测试样品的含量,在烧杯中收集至少25ml~40ml样品。然后向样品中添加DPD Total Chlorine PowderPillow或AccuVac安瓿的内容物。DPD pillow和安瓿含有N,N-二乙基对苯二胺,即DPD,和碘化物。当添加到样品中时,样品中的结合氯使碘化物氧化而形成碘。碘然后与DPD连同样品中存在的任何游离氯发生反应,形成与总氯浓度成正比的红色。使样品与DPD pillow或安瓿反应剂反应3分钟。在足够的反应时间之后,通过在特定波长下测定已反应样品的吸光度而测定样品的总氯含量。测试总氯浓度用的Hach’s DPD方法改编自“水和废水检验用标准方法(Standard Methods for theExamination of Water and Wastewater)”。
为了提供初始水活化,每个擦具样品在含有500ml去离子水的标准1L实验室烧杯中放置60秒。一旦放在水中,以磁力搅拌棒采用温和的搅拌来搅拌每个样品。在搅拌之后,然后从各自的烧杯中取出样品,垂直悬挂,并使其自由滴流。然后使样品通过Atlas Laboratory榨干机(未加载,无重物)。在样品滴流和挤压完之后,从每个擦具样品收集约1ml~1.5ml液体并收集在干净的盘中。将从每个擦具样品收集的液体稀释到100ml。与水接触、接着自由滴流并随后挤水,三者的组合在这里总体上称为一个漂洗循环。典型使用条件下的普通漂洗循环可认为是擦具用水手工漂洗,然后是用手挤水。
然后以表1和2中对每个擦具样品所列的时间间隔对样品进行Hach’s DPD测试。表1表示不具有受控释放抗菌剂的擦具所得到的结果;表2表示具有次氯酸钙抗菌剂的擦具所得到的结果。
表1
不具有定时释放抗菌剂的HYDROKNITEVA复合材料
*背景测试噪音,处于已稀释样品灵敏度之下。
样品(未经处理) | 干重(gm) | 湿重(榨干机之前的gm) | 总氯(ppm*) |
0min. | 2.18 | - | - |
1min. | - | - | <200* |
5min. | - | - | <300* |
表2
具有定时释放抗菌剂的HYDROKNIT/EVA复合材料
样品(已处理) | 干重(gm) | 湿重(榨干机之前的gm) | 总氯(ppm*) |
0min. | 2.02 | - | - |
1min. | - | 8.6 | 9000 |
5min. | - | 8.3 | 16700 |
10min. | - | 7.9 | 14400 |
15min. | - | 8.0 | 2600 |
20min. | - | 8.3 | 800 |
从这些实施例中,说明了抗菌剂历经重复的洗涤和漂洗阶段随时间的受控释放情况。特别地,如表2所示,在20分钟时间段之内总氯的释放量(并且在5次洗涤/漂洗循环之后)表明抗菌剂可在延长的时期之内得到释放,甚至在大量洗涤和漂洗循环之后也如此。
应该注意的是,前述测试只作为说明本发明擦具受控释放的可能性的方法。应该明白的是,本发明的擦具可以显示出更长的释放时间,比如8小时,和符合FDA规定的更低的氯含量,该规定要求食品供应领域中所用的卫生洗涤溶液中氯含量不超过200ppm。
比如,通过以涂层如丙烯酸或聚乙烯处理次氯酸钙颗粒以至少部分地包封颗粒,就可获得受控溶解速率。
实施例2
以下说明各种抗菌剂涂层提供受控释放速率的能力。将ALDRICH牌次氯酸钙颗粒(Aldrich#24-415-5稳定颗粒状工业级)样品研磨成粒度为约150~200μm。样品#1和对照物中所用的颗粒不添加涂层就进行测试。颗粒样品#2~#4在使用之前分别涂布以20%丙烯酸类涂层、33.5%丙烯酸类涂层和60%微晶聚乙烯蜡涂层。
在制备之后,通过采用如实施例1所述测定总氯含量用的Hach’s#8167 DPD(N,N-二乙基对苯二胺)试验测定所有样品的氯释放速率。
为了提供初始水活化,将每个样品放在装有去离子水的标准1L实验室烧杯中并以磁力搅拌棒温和搅拌120秒。在搅拌之后,使未溶解的颗粒漂浮或沉降。然后取规格为10ml的第一个样品(在下表3中称为时间零点或0时间)。然后,在以下所示的时间段内取多个10ml样品。将样品在暗处并在冷冻下储存3~4天以大幅度防止氯的降解。
对表3所列的每个颗粒样品重复以上实施例1所述和以上进一步所述的测试步骤。表3表示不具有涂层、具有20%丙烯酸类部分涂层、具有33.5%丙烯酸类部分涂层和具有60%微晶蜡部分涂层的次氯酸钙颗粒所得到的结果。
表3
有着各种涂层的次氯酸钙颗粒的氯释放速率
与水接触的时间(min.) | 释放的氯的量(mg/l) | |||
无涂层 | 20%丙烯酸类涂层 | 33.5%丙烯酸类涂层 | 60%聚乙烯蜡涂层 | |
0min. | 1.25 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 |
1min. | 313 | 3 | 0.5 | 33 |
2min. | 315 | 4 | 1.5 | 49.5 |
5min. | 335 | 6 | 0.25 | 42 |
10min. | 325 | 13 | 1 | 46 |
15min. | 330 | 18 | 87.5* | 58 |
20min. | 330 | 24 | 2 | 48 |
30min. | 340 | 32 | 2.5 | 72 |
60min.. | 325 | 60 | 7 | 78 |
120min. | 330 | 162 | 16 | 122 |
180min. | 330 | 166 | 29 | 124 |
240min. | 330 | 190 | 64 | 124 |
300min. | n/ab | 180 | n/a | 122 |
1380min. | n/a | 188 | n/a | 110 |
1440min. | 340 | n/a | 84 | n/a |
注:
a.据信受到污染
b.n/a表示“未得到”或“未测定”。
从这些实施例中,说明了涂布后的抗菌剂随着时间的受控释放情况。特别地,如表3所示,至少部分涂布以丙烯酸类聚合物和微晶蜡的抗菌剂显示出比缺少这类涂层材料的类似样品慢得多的溶解速率。应该注意到,前述测试只作为用来说明本发明擦具受控释放的可能性的方法。
实施例3
也对本发明抗菌擦具消毒特定表面的能力进行说明。为了量化擦具的杀灭效率,采用了间接试验。一般地,可测量三磷酸腺苷(ATP)并将其与特定表面上的微生物数目或质量相关。当ATP与萤光素/萤光素酶反应时,产生发光反应,该光可按测光法进行测量以确定ATP的相应存在量。
对于该实施例,采用HY-LITE的ATP测试方法来确定ATP量。HY-LITE卫生监控系统(从EM Science获得全套装备,其是EM Industries,Inc.的子公司)利用萤光素/萤光素酶试剂与ATP的化学反应来产生光,通过比色计测量光的强度。然后将所产生的光量与样品中存在的ATP量相关联。从放在HY-LITE数据记录仪中的样品发射的光的强度以相对光单位表示,它直接与ATP的量成比例,并因此与残留在受试表面上的生物物质的量成比例。
为进行这些试验,制备两个4英寸×6英寸擦具样品。两个擦具均含有两个HYDROKNIT层压材料层,粘接到前述的熔体喷射聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)(EXXON EVA级LC 724.36,熔体指数135℃)基体材料上。ALDRICH牌次氯酸钙颗粒(Aldrich#24-415-5稳定颗粒状工业级)作为组分包括在本发明的一个样品中。另一个样品不含抗菌剂。
在制备之后,两个擦具样品放在含有1000ml饮用水的标准1L实验室烧杯中90秒。然后从烧杯中取出两个擦具样品并且悬挂直到停止滴流。
为了测试擦具的杀灭效率,提供了水平放置的2英尺×2英尺餐厅级不锈钢板。在不锈钢上标记出4英寸×4英寸方格并接种。在4英寸×4英寸方格上划出直径约6英寸的一个圆圈。然后以不同的污染水平制备酵母细胞的两个悬浮体。对于较高水平的污染,使用发面干酵母的0.2wt.%悬浮体(~40,000酵母细胞/60μL测定液)。对于较低水平的污染,制备约1,000酵母细胞/60μL测定液的酵母细胞悬浮体。
一旦制备,通过在位于不锈钢表面的4英寸×4英寸方格上接种特定悬浮体来分别测试酵母细胞的污染水平。对于每个污染水平,测试已处理和未处理的4英寸×6英寸擦具。采用每个单独的擦具,以基本相同的手部压力用圆圈运动来清洁4英寸×4英寸方格内的6英寸直径圆圈部分(以完整的360°圆周做10次)。已清洁的表面在采用HY-LITE的ATP Swab试验测定残留微生物浓度之前先静置10分钟。每个擦具在以漂白剂清洁表面和以水充分漂洗之后再次重复该试验。
对于较高水平的酵母细胞污染,未处理的擦具具有90%杀灭/清除水平,而已处理的擦具具有99%杀灭/清除水平。对于较低水平的酵母细胞污染,未处理的擦具仍具有90%杀灭/清除水平,而已处理的擦具具有99%杀灭/清除水平。
从此实施例中,说明了本发明擦具的杀灭效率。由于本发明的定时释放机理,可以使用更强的抗菌剂,从而提供了比以往的抗菌擦具更好的杀灭效率。
虽然采用特定的术语、设备和方法对本发明的多个实施方案进行了描述,但这些描述只用于说明目的。所用的词语仅是描述性词语而非限定性的。要明白的是,现有技术熟练人员可以进行修改和变更而不偏离本发明的精神或范围,其在以下的权利要求中提出。除此之外,应该明白的是,各个实施方案的各个方面可以全部或部分互换。因此,附录权利要求的精神和范围并不限于对其中所含优选例的描述。
Claims (38)
1.消毒硬质表面用的擦具,包含:
纤维层压层,所述纤维层压层在与液体接触时能够吸收液体;
纤维基材层,所述纤维基材层粘接到所述纤维层压层上;和
粘接到所述纤维基材层上的抗菌剂,所述抗菌剂在与液体接触时能够活化,所述活化包括向擦具内部所含的所述液体中释放一部分所述抗菌剂以便由此形成抗菌溶液,修饰抗菌剂以使得所述释放的速率足以保证在所述擦具已进行至少5次漂洗循环之后在擦具内部的液体中仍能形成抗菌溶液。
2.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂包含次氯酸盐颗粒。
3.权利要求2的擦具,其中所述次氯酸盐颗粒被至少部分地包封以对向所述液体中的所述释放提供进一步控制。
4.权利要求2的擦具,其中所述次氯酸盐颗粒被至少部分地涂布以聚合物,以对向所述液体中的所述释放提供进一步控制。
5.权利要求2的擦具,其中所述次氯酸盐颗粒包含次氯酸钙。
6.权利要求1的擦具,进一步包括颗粒形式的抗菌剂,其中所述颗粒具有不同的粒度以便通过抗菌剂颗粒不同粒度的存在而控制所述抗菌剂的释放。
7.权利要求1的擦具,其中纤维基材层包含疏水性材料。
8.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述纤维基材层包含选自聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)、聚丙烯和聚乙烯的熔体喷射材料。
9.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述纤维层压层包含非织造织物。
10.权利要求9的擦具,其中所述非织造织物包括浆粕纤维。
11.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂包含产生二氧化氯的制剂。
12.权利要求11的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂包含氯酸钠和酸部分。
13.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂包含含银添加剂。
14.权利要求13的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂包含银沸石。
15.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂包含季胺。
16.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂包含过氧化物。
17.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂被包封以对所述抗菌剂的释放提供进一步的控制。
18.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂被聚合物包封以对所述抗菌剂的释放提供进一步的控制。
19.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述擦具进一步包含表面活性剂。
20.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述擦具进一步包含皂角苷。
21.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述擦具进一步包含视觉传感器以检测所述抗菌剂的消耗。
22.权利要求1的擦具,包含粘接到所述纤维基材层上的另外的纤维层压层,使所述纤维基材层位于两个纤维层压层之间。
23.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述纤维层压层的单位重量超过约10g/m2。
24.消毒硬质表面用的擦具,包含:
第一纤维层压层,所述第一纤维层压层在与液体接触时能够吸收液体,所述第一纤维层压层由单位重量超过约10g/m2的非织造织物制造;
第二纤维层压层,所述第二纤维层压层在与液体接触时能够吸收液体,所述第二纤维层压层由单位重量超过约10g/m2的非织造织物制造;
纤维基材层,所述纤维基材层位于所述第一纤维层压层和所述第二纤维层压层之间并且粘接到二者之上,所述纤维基材层是疏水性的;和
以稳定固态形式引入到所述纤维基材层内部的抗菌剂,所述抗菌剂在与水接触时能够活化,所述活化包括向擦具内部所含的所述液体中释放一部分所述抗菌剂以便由此形成抗菌溶液,修饰抗菌剂以使得在所述擦具已与水重复接触之后,所述释放的速率也使所述抗菌剂以足以形成擦具内部液体的抗菌溶液的量释放到所述液体中。
25.权利要求24的擦具,其中所述纤维基材层包含熔体喷射聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)。
26.权利要求24的擦具,其中所述抗菌剂包含次氯酸钙。
27.形成消毒硬质表面用抗菌擦具的方法,所述方法包含以下步骤:
提供能够形成织物的纤维;
在所述纤维处于未凝固状态时向所述纤维中添加抗菌剂;
使所述纤维凝固成纤维织物,其中所述抗菌剂粘接到所述纤维织物上,所述抗菌剂在与水接触时能够活化,所述活化包括向所述纤维织物中所含的水中释放一部分所述抗菌剂以便在标准漂洗循环之后由其形成抗菌溶液,所述抗菌剂在多次漂洗循环之后能够形成所述抗菌溶液;和
将含有所述抗菌剂的所述纤维织物层压到层压层上,其中所述层压层在与液体接触时能够吸收液体。
28.权利要求27的方法,其中所述纤维是疏水性的。
29.权利要求28的方法,其中所述疏水性纤维包含聚(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯)。
30.权利要求28的方法,其中所述纤维织物包含熔体喷射疏水性纤维。
31.权利要求27的擦具,其中所述层压层由非织造复合织物制造,所述非织造复合织物包含浆粕纤维。
32.具有至少两个层的擦具,其中一个所述层是包含纤维的纤维疏水性片材,所述片材具有以足够的粘接力粘接到所述纤维上的抗菌剂,使得所述抗菌剂直到与液体重复接触之后仍保持基本上粘接在所述片材内部,另一个所述层是层压到所述纤维疏水性片材上的吸收性纤维片材。
33.权利要求32的擦具,进一步包含层压到所述纤维疏水性片材上的另外的片材。
34.权利要求33的擦具,其中所述另外的片材是吸收性的。
35.权利要求33的擦具,其中所述另外的片材是疏水性的。
36.权利要求1的擦具,其中所述基材层自粘接到所述层压层上。
37.权利要求1的擦具,其可以承受至少10次漂洗循环而不会大幅度地损失其使擦具内部的液体在漂洗循环之后成为抗菌溶液的能力。
38.权利要求1的擦具,其可以承受至少20次漂洗循环而不会大幅度地损失其使擦具内部的液体在漂洗循环之后成为抗菌溶液的能力。
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- 2000-12-22 DE DE60038980T patent/DE60038980D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-22 IL IL14975200A patent/IL149752A0/xx unknown
- 2000-12-22 JP JP2001548279A patent/JP2003527168A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-22 MX MXPA02006424A patent/MXPA02006424A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-22 EP EP00989396A patent/EP1255640B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-22 BR BRPI0016015-6A patent/BR0016015B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-22 KR KR1020027008376A patent/KR100805588B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-22 CA CA2393525A patent/CA2393525C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-22 AU AU25905/01A patent/AU774686B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-22 WO PCT/US2000/034930 patent/WO2001047705A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-22 CN CN00818017A patent/CN1414902A/zh active Pending
- 2000-12-22 US US09/746,720 patent/US6734157B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-02-08 HK HK03100951.4A patent/HK1049131A1/zh unknown
Cited By (8)
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CN103347429A (zh) * | 2011-02-11 | 2013-10-09 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | 与杀菌溶液使用的揩巾 |
CN104040061A (zh) * | 2012-01-04 | 2014-09-10 | 宝洁公司 | 包含颗粒的纤维结构及其制造方法 |
CN104040061B (zh) * | 2012-01-04 | 2019-11-08 | 宝洁公司 | 包含颗粒的纤维结构及其制造方法 |
CN107529926A (zh) * | 2015-03-12 | 2018-01-02 | C·普罗克特 | 手动润湿式纸 |
CN109789229A (zh) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-05-21 | 国立大学法人三重大学 | 湿式擦拭物 |
US11179486B2 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2021-11-23 | Mie University | Wet wiper |
CN106476380A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-08 | 广西大学 | 一种缓释型二氧化氯抗菌膜的制备工艺 |
CN106476380B (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-17 | 广西大学 | 一种缓释型二氧化氯抗菌膜的制备工艺 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20020062993A (ko) | 2002-07-31 |
US20020006887A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
BR0016015A (pt) | 2002-07-23 |
HK1049131A1 (zh) | 2003-05-02 |
AU2590501A (en) | 2001-07-09 |
BR0016015B1 (pt) | 2010-12-28 |
EP1255640A1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
US6734157B2 (en) | 2004-05-11 |
CA2393525C (en) | 2010-09-14 |
KR100805588B1 (ko) | 2008-02-20 |
AU774686B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
EP1255640B1 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
CA2393525A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
DE60038980D1 (de) | 2008-07-03 |
ATE396038T1 (de) | 2008-06-15 |
MXPA02006424A (es) | 2002-11-29 |
WO2001047705A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
IL149752A0 (en) | 2002-11-10 |
JP2003527168A (ja) | 2003-09-16 |
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