CN1418452A - 发光二极管驱动电路 - Google Patents

发光二极管驱动电路 Download PDF

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CN1418452A
CN1418452A CN01806744A CN01806744A CN1418452A CN 1418452 A CN1418452 A CN 1418452A CN 01806744 A CN01806744 A CN 01806744A CN 01806744 A CN01806744 A CN 01806744A CN 1418452 A CN1418452 A CN 1418452A
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winding
circuit
emitting diode
controller
light emitting
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张劲
S·穆图
G·W·布伦林
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/385—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using flyback topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/342—Active non-dissipative snubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode

Abstract

一种具有多个输出的逆向或正向变换器并具有输出电流模式控制的白色发光二极管阵列驱动电路。电路包括电源和变压器。该变压器具有被连接到电源并被配置成从电源接收电流的初级绕组(104)以及多个耦合到所述初级绕组的次级绕组。电路还包括多个发光二极管阵列，其中每个发光二极管阵列被连接到所述多个次级绕组之一。主控制器被配置成控制流向所述变压器初级绕组的电流。电路还包括多个次级控制器，每个所述次级控制器被连接到所述多个发光二极管阵列中相应的那个阵列。另外，每个次级控制器被配置成控制流向其相应的发光二极管阵列的电流。

Description

发光二极管驱动电路
本发明一般地涉及作为照明系统的发光二极管(LED)驱动电路，更具体地说，涉及提供改进的系统效率和热性能以及降低的成本的多种颜色(例如红色、绿色和蓝色)的发光二极管驱动电路。
发光二极管是一种半导体器件，具体地说，是一种p-n结，在向它引入电流时，它发射电磁辐射。一般，发光二极管包括一种半导体材料，这种材料是适当选择的化合物，例如镓-砷-磷化合物。通过改变磷对砷的比例，可以调整由发光二极管发射的光的波长，进而提供不同颜色的光。通过采用不同的半导体材料(例如，AlInGaP和InGeN)以及受控的“杂质”，可以制造不同颜色(诸如红色、绿色和蓝色)的LED。
随着半导体材料和光学技术的进步，发光二极管日益被用于照明目的。例如，高亮度发光二极管目前正用于汽车信号、交通灯以及交通标志、大面积显示器等。
目前，驱动单色发光二极管阵列的电子驱动电路一般采用逆向变换器。通过将输入的线电压(比如230Vac输入线电压)转换为电压源(比如30V电压源)，逆向变换器被用于驱动发光二极管阵列灯。然后利用线性调节器调节发光二极管阵列电流。
对于采用多种颜色发光二极管阵列的系统，目前使用的电子驱动电路一般采用多个功率变换器。例如，图1说明了一种驱动电路的典型方案，其中发光二极管阵列具有三种颜色。具体地说，图1示出了具有红色、蓝色和绿色发光二极管的系统10，其中各个发光二极管阵列采用单独的功率变换器。
例如，红色发光二极管阵列12采用功率变换器22，而绿色发光二极管阵列14采用功率变换器24，同时蓝色发光二极管阵列16采用功率变换器26。由光电检测器测量来自各个发光二极管阵列的光强度，该光电检测器将对应于强度的信号发送到控制模块30。控制模块30被配置成交替地接通或断开相应的发光二极管阵列，从而可以独立地测量各个阵列的强度。另外，控制模块30向功率变换器22、24和26传递信号，这些功率变换器中的每一个利用该信号控制流经它们相应的发光二极管的电流。
但是，用于各个发光二极管的单独的功率变换器的部件的冗余性增加了驱动电路的尺寸和成本，并降低了电路的效率。所以，需要一种改进的发光二极管驱动电路，这种发光二极管驱动电路没有先有技术如上所述的问题。
根据一个实施例，本发明涉及具有多个局部反馈输出电流控制电路的白光LED驱动电路。驱动电路包括电源和具有初级绕组的变压器，该初级绕组被连接到所述电源并且被配置成从所述电源接收电流。变压器也具有多个耦合到初级绕组的次级绕组。该电路也包括多个发光二极管(LED)阵列，其中各个发光二极管阵列在局部反馈控制配置中被连接到次级绕组之一。
主控制器被配置成控制流向变压器初级绕组的电流。该电路也包括多个次级控制器。各个次级控制器被连接到相应的发光二极管阵列。另外，各个次级控制器被配置成控制流向其相应的发光二极管阵列的电流。在另一实施例中，主控制器被连接到第一LED阵列。
根据本发明的一个实施例，各个发光二极管具有连接到其负极端子的电阻。各电阻的输出信号被传递到相应的控制器，同时该输出信号被用于确定流向发光二极管阵列的适当的电流。驱动电路可被配置成逆向变换器或者正向变换器，在所述逆向变换器中，变压器初级绕组缠绕的方向与变压器次级绕组缠绕的方向相反，在所述正向变换器中，变压器初级绕组缠绕的方向与变压器次级绕组缠绕的方向相同。
从以下参考附图的描述将进一步理解本发明，附图中：
图1说明采用多个彩色发光二极管阵列的典型发光二极管阵列驱动电路配置，就像先有技术的照明系统所采用的一样；
图2说明根据本发明的一个实施例的电子发光二极管驱动电路；
图3说明根据本发明的另一实施例的电子发光二极管驱动电路；
图4说明根据本发明的另一实施例的电子发光二极管驱动电路；
图5说明根据本发明的另一实施例的电子发光二极管驱动电路。
图2说明根据本发明的一个实施例的电子发光二极管驱动电路。具体地说，图2说明白色发光二极管阵列驱动电路100，它具有多个LED阵列并采用多个输出逆向变换器，这一点将在下面进行更详细的讨论。另外，发光二极管阵列驱动电路100采用输出电流模式控制，这一点也将在下面进行更详细的讨论。电路最好具有LED阵列，每一个阵列对应于颜色红、绿和蓝中的一种颜色。
如图2所示，电压源101提供输入电压信号Vin，后者在变压器初级绕组104被接收。被配置为与变压器初级绕组104相邻并与变压器初级绕组104联合工作的是变压器次级绕组114、124和134。如图所示，变压器初级绕组104缠绕的方向与变压器次级绕组114、124和134缠绕的方向相反，从而提供逆向功能。
电路驱动器100还包括晶体管106和电容108。晶体管106和电容108提供有源箝位能力。变压器次级绕组114向连接在变压器次级绕组114的相对的两端的红色发光二极管阵列110提供电流信号。并联连接在变压器次级绕组114两端的是电容116。连接在变压器次级绕组114和电容116之间的是二极管117。
在电阻112检测红色发光二极管阵列110的输出电流信号并将该输出电流信号发送到主控制器140。主控制器140接收电流信号并利用该信号控制流向变压器初级绕组104的电流。晶体管开关150被连接到主控制器140，并且也被用来控制流经变压器初级绕组104的电流。
如上所述，变压器次级绕组124也被耦合到变压器初级绕组104，以便与之联合工作。变压器次级绕组124向连接在绕组124的相对的两端的绿色发光二极管阵列120提供电流。并联连接在变压器次级绕组124两端的是电容126。在电阻122上检测绿色发光二极管阵列120的输出电流信号并将其发送到控制器128。
连接在变压器次级绕组124和电容126之间的是二极管127和晶体管129。晶体管129最好是n沟道增强型MOSFET晶体管。变压器次级绕组124的第一端被直接连接到控制器128，而第二端被连接到二极管127的正极端子。二极管127的负极端子被连接到晶体管129的漏极端子。晶体管129的栅极端子被连接到控制器128。晶体管129的源极端子被连接到控制器128，并且还连接到包括电容126和绿色发光二极管阵列120的并联支路。通过控制晶体管129的操作，控制器128控制发送到绿色发光二极管阵列120的电流信号。
变压器次级绕组134也被耦合到变压器初级绕组104。变压器次级绕组134向连接在绕组134相对的两端的蓝色发光二极管阵列130提供电流信号。并联连接在变压器次级绕组134两端并在蓝色发光二极管阵列130之前的是电容136。在电阻132上检测蓝色发光二极管阵列130的输出电流信号并将其发送到控制器138。
连接在变压器次级绕组134和电容136之间的是二极管137和晶体管139。如之前针对晶体管129所提及的，晶体管139最好是n沟道增强型MOSFET晶体管。变压器次级绕组134的第一端被直接连接到控制器138，而第二端被连接到二极管137的正极端子。二极管137的负极端子被连接到晶体管139的漏极端子。晶体管139的栅极端子被连接到控制器138。晶体管139的源极端子被连接到控制器138，并且还连接到包括电容136和蓝色发光二极管阵列130的并联支路。通过控制晶体管139的操作，控制器138控制发送到蓝色发光二极管阵列130的电流信号。
应当指出，尽管图2所示本发明的实施例说明主控制器140被连接到红色发光二极管阵列110，但本发明也设想主控制器140被连接到绿色发光二极管阵列120或蓝色发光二极管阵列130。具体地说，根据本发明的另一实施例，驱动电路100被配置为绿色发光二极管阵列120被连接到主控制器140，而红色和蓝色发光二极管阵列110和130被连接到独立的诸如控制器128和138的次级控制器。在本发明的又一个实施例中，驱动电路100被配置为蓝色发光二极管阵列130被连接到主控制器140，而红色和绿色发光二极管阵列110和120被连接到独立的诸如控制器128和138的次级控制器。
不论哪个发光二极管阵列被连接到主控制器140，采用连接到剩下的发光二极管阵列的诸如控制器128和138的次级控制器能够在局部反馈回路控制配置中独立控制各个输出电流。即使在输出通路之间存在某种交互作用时也是这种情况。
与先有技术的典型发光二极管阵列驱动电路比较，本发明的多个输出逆向变换器具有减少电路中的冗余部件的优点。具体地说，先有技术的典型发光二极管阵列驱动电路对每种颜色的发光二极管阵列采用独立的变换器，而本发明的电路采用具有多个输出的单一变换器，从而降低了电路的尺寸和成本。
现在参考图4，也可以对本发明的驱动电路进行如下配置：对红色发光二极管阵列也进行局部控制。例如，在图4所示的实施例中，利用局部次级控制器418控制流向红色发光二极管阵列的电流，其控制方式与分别利用控制器428和438控制流向绿色和蓝色发光二极管阵列的电流的方式一样。在这个实施例中，另一晶体管被连接到二极管417的负极端子以及局部次级控制器，其连接方式与晶体管429和439被连接到它们相应的二极管和局部次级控制器的方式相似。电阻412上的电流信号被发送到局部控制器，而不是主控制器440。因此，在此实施例中，所有发光二极管都是局部控制的。
图3说明根据本发明的另一实施例的电子发光二极管阵列驱动电路。具体地说，图3说明白光LED驱动电路200，它采用了多输出前向变换器，与图2所示的驱动电路100的逆向变换器相反。类似于驱动电路100，发光二极管阵列驱动电路200采用输出电流模式控制，其中利用发光二极管阵列输出电流信号控制该电路。
如上述实施例中，电压源201提供输入电压信号Vin，它作为交流信号在变压器初级绕组204被接收。变压器初级绕组204缠绕的方向与变压器次级绕组214、224和234缠绕的方向相同，从而提供前向而不是逆向的变换器功能。
驱动电路200也包括晶体管206和电容208。晶体管206和电容208提供有源箝位能力。变压器次级绕组214向连接在绕组214相对的两端的红色发光二极管阵列210提供电流信号。连接在变压器次级绕组214的第一端上的是电容217和变压器绕组215。并联连接在变压器次级绕组214两端并且在二极管217和变压器绕组215之间的是二极管213。另外，并联连接在变压器次级绕组214两端并且在变压器绕组215和红色发光二极管阵列210之间的是电容216。
在电阻212上检测红色发光二极管阵列210的输出电流信号。主控制器240接收电流信号并利用该信号控制流经电路200、具体地说是流经红色发光二极管阵列210的电流。晶体管开关250被连接到主控制器240，并且也控制流经红色发光二极管阵列210的电流。
变压器次级绕组224也被耦合到变压器初级绕组204。连接到变压器次级绕组224的是绿色发光二极管阵列220。连接在变压器次级绕组224和电容226之间的是二极管227、变压器绕组225和晶体管229。具体地说，变压器次级绕组224被连接到二极管227的正极端子，而二极管227的负极端子被连接到晶体管229的漏极端子。晶体管229最好是n沟道增强型MOSFET晶体管。晶体管229的栅极端子被连接到控制器228。
并联连接在变压器次级绕组224两端并在变压器绕组225和绿色发光二极管阵列220之间的是电容226。另外，并联连接在变压器次级绕组224两端并在晶体管229和变压器绕组225之间的是二极管223。在电阻222上检测流经绿色发光二极管阵列220的电流信号。电阻222的电流信号被发送到控制器228。连接在变压器次级绕组224和电容226之间的是二极管227和晶体管229。通过控制晶体管229的操作，控制器228控制发送到绿色发光二极管阵列220的电流信号。
变压器次级绕组234也被耦合到变压器初级绕组204。连接到变压器次级绕组234的是蓝色发光二极管阵列230。连接在变压器次级绕组234和电容236之间的是二极管237、变压器绕组235和晶体管239。具体地说，变压器次级绕组234被连接到二极管237的正极端子，而二极管237的负极端子被连接到晶体管239的漏极端子。晶体管239最好是n沟道增强型MOSFET晶体管。晶体管239的栅极端子被连接到控制器238。
并联连接在变压器次级绕组234两端并在变压器绕组235和蓝色发光二极管阵列230之间的是电容236。另外，并联连接在变压器次级绕组234两端并在晶体管239和变压器绕组235之间的是二极管233。在电阻232上检测流经蓝色发光二极管阵列230的电流信号。电阻232上的电流信号被发送到控制器238。连接在变压器次级绕组234和电容236之间的是二极管237和晶体管229。通过控制晶体管229的操作，控制器228控制发送到蓝色发光二极管阵列220的电流信号。
如结合图2中所示的本发明的实施例所指出的那样，图3所示实施例也可以被配置成将主控制器240连接到绿色发光二极管阵列220或蓝色发光二极管阵列230，而不是红色发光二极管阵列210。具体地说，根据本发明的另一实施例，驱动电路200被配置成绿色发光二极管阵列220被连接到主控制器240，而红色和蓝色发光二极管阵列210和230被连接到诸如控制器228和238的独立控制器。在本发明的又一个实施例中，驱动电路100被配置成蓝色发光二极管阵列230被连接到主控制器240，而红色和绿色发光二极管阵列210和220被连接到诸如控制器128和138的独立控制器。
不论哪个发光二极管阵列被连接到主控制器240，采用连接到剩下的发光二极管阵列的诸如控制器228和238的独立控制器能够独立地控制发光二极管的各个输出电流。即使在输出通路之间存在某种交互作用时也是这种情况。
现在参考图5，本发明的驱动电路也可以被配置成对红色发光二极管阵列也进行局部控制。例如，在图5所示的实施例中，利用局部次级控制器518控制流向红色发光二极管阵列的电流，其控制方式与分别利用控制器528和538控制流向绿色和蓝色发光二极管阵列的电流的方式一样。在这个实施例中，另一晶体管被连接到二极管517的负极端子以及局部控制器，其连接方式与晶体管529和539被连接到它们相应的二极管和局部控制器的方式相似。电阻512上的电流信号被发送到局部控制器518，而不是主控制器540。因此，在此实施例中，所有的发光二极管都是局部控制的。
如结合图2的逆向变换器所讨论的，本发明的多个输出前向变换器与先有技术的典型发光二极管阵列驱动电路相比，具有减少电路中的冗余部件的优点。具体地说，先有技术的典型发光二极管阵列驱动电路对每种颜色的发光二极管阵列采用独立的变换器，而本发明的电路采用具有多个输出的单一变换器，从而降低了电路的尺寸和成本。
尽管已经示出并描述了本发明的具体实施例，但对本领域的技术人员来说，显然可以在其中进行变化和修改，并不背离本发明，因此，所附权利要求书应该被理解为覆盖所有落在本发明的真实精神和范围内的这样的变化和修改。

Claims (10)

1.一种驱动电路(100，200)，它包括：
电源(101)；
变压器，它具有初级绕组(104)、后者连接到所述电源并被配置成从所述电源接收电流以及多个耦合到所述初级绕组的次级绕组(114、124、134)；
多个发光二极管阵列(110、120、130)，其中每个发光二极管(LED)阵列被连接到所述多个次级绕组之一；
主控制器(140)，它被配置成控制流向所述变压器初级绕组的电流；
多个次级控制器(128、138)，每个所述次级控制器被连接到所述多个发光二极管阵列中相应的那个阵列，其中所述次级控制器被配置成控制流向相应的发光二极管阵列的电流。
2.如权利要求1所述的驱动电路，其特征在于所述主控制器被连接到所述LED阵列的第一个，而所述每个次级控制器分别被连接到所述其它LED阵列中的一个。
3.如权利要求1所述的电路(100)，其特征在于所述多个发光二极管中的每一个连接到电阻(112、122、132)。
4.如权利要求3所述的电路(100)，其特征在于所述各个电阻的输出信号被发送到相应的所述控制器。
5.如权利要求1所述的电路(100)，其特征在于所述变压器包括逆向变换器。
6.如权利要求5所述的电路(100)，其特征在于所述逆向变换器包括所述变压器初级绕组，该初级绕组的所述缠绕方向与所述变压器次级绕组缠绕的方向相反。
7.如权利要求1所述的电路(200)，其特征在于所述变压器包括前向变换器。
8.如权利要求7所述的电路(200)，其特征在于所述前向变换器包括所述变压器初级绕组，所述初级绕组的所述缠绕方向与所述变压器次级绕组缠绕的方向相同。
9.如权利要求1所述的电路(100)，其特征在于所述电路是白色发光二极管阵列驱动电路。
10.如权利要求1所述的电路(100)，其特征在于所述多个发光二极管阵列是三个。
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