CN1420993A - 光学复用器/分解器 - Google Patents

光学复用器/分解器 Download PDF

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CN1420993A
CN1420993A CN00818198A CN00818198A CN1420993A CN 1420993 A CN1420993 A CN 1420993A CN 00818198 A CN00818198 A CN 00818198A CN 00818198 A CN00818198 A CN 00818198A CN 1420993 A CN1420993 A CN 1420993A
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waveguide
light
light filter
group
output
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B·J·拉夫
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Lumentum Technology UK Ltd
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Bookham Technology PLC
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/2931Diffractive element operating in reflection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12083Constructional arrangements
    • G02B2006/12107Grating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133Functions
    • G02B2006/12147Coupler
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29331Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
    • G02B6/29332Wavelength selective couplers, i.e. based on evanescent coupling between light guides, e.g. fused fibre couplers with transverse coupling between fibres having different propagation constant wavelength dependency

Abstract

一种滤光器具有至少一个输入波导;波长色散装置,接收来自光输入端的光;以及具有多个空间分离波导的光输出端,它接收来自波长色散装置的各个光波长带;光输出端或光输入端中的至少一个波导形成渐逝波导耦合器的一部分,渐逝耦合器包括一组并排的耦合波导。

Description

光学复用器/分解器
本发明涉及光学复用器和分解器,尤其适用于滤光器。
滤光器包括几个输入和输出波导以及输入和输出波导之间的色散元件,如衍射光栅。可输入包含多个波长的光,以便与色散元件相互作用,产生与不同输出波导耦合的各种频率分量。该配置可以包括位于色散元件任一侧的聚焦元件,如透镜或反射镜。相对于频率分离光束的色散元件可以是波导或蚀刻反射镜元件阵列。这种滤光器在光学系统中可用作复用器和分解器,用于在波分复用光纤通信系统中组合或分离多个光频。附图中的图1示出了这种现有技术的系统。
每个色散频率的通带宽度和形状在复用器和分解器部件中很重要。为了防止每个输出波导通带宽度上显著的光强波动,期望通带以内平坦的分布,而不同频率通道间则保持较低的串扰水平。输出波导之间分开越宽产生的串扰越低,代价是每个通道的通带宽度由于要求更高的空间色散而越窄。获得较平坦分布的一种现有技术方法是使用图2现有技术配置中所示类型的多模干涉耦合器。在这种情况下,将多个波长的光输入到输入波导11,该光具有12所示类型的场分布。输入波导11可以是单模波导,或者如果输入波导不是单模,则分布12可以表示基模。在耦合器13中,发生多模干涉,使输出场分布如14所示。当用于图1所示的一般配置时,这使得输出通道中接收到的每个色散频率具有较平坦的场分布,因此减小每个输出通道接收到的由于频率控制容差引起的光强波动。
本发明的目的是提供可用在光学复用器、分解器和滤光器中以获得通带更宽和/或更平坦的改进装置和方法。
本发明提供的滤光器包括一光输入端,具有至少一个波导用于输入多个光波长;一波长色散装置,配置成接收来自光输入端的光;和一光输出端,具有多个空间分离的波导用于接收来自波长色散装置的各相应光波长带;光输出端或光输入端中的至少一个波导形成渐逝波导耦合器的一部分,该耦合器包括一组并排的耦合波导,使得在所述波导组的外和内波导之间发生光耦合。
较佳的是,该组或每组波导包括三个并排波导。
较佳的是,每组波导的外波导在耦合器远离色散装置的端部偏离内波导向外弯曲,以此减小耦合器的损耗。
较佳的是,所述渐逝波导耦合器位于所述光输入端中,内波导光耦合到多波长的光源。
较佳的是,该耦合器或每个耦合器的波导具有相互作用长度和间隔,以产生横跨光路交迭的光强峰值。
较佳的是,在波导组最接近波长色散装置的端部所述波导组的外波导是锥形的,以此为耦合入耦合器的光提供期望的交迭光强峰值。
较佳的是,波导组的所述内波导是单模波导装置。
较佳的是,聚焦装置位于光输入端和波长色散装置之间。
较佳的是,聚焦装置位于波长色散装置和光输出端之间。
波长色散装置可以包括色散光栅。
波长色散装置可以包括色散波导阵列。
光输出端可以包括一个或多个渐逝耦合器,每个渐逝耦合器包括三个并排的波导,配置三个波导以接收色散输出的相应部分,并在所述三个波导的外和内波导之间光耦合。
较佳的是,输入波导或诸波导至少形成集成芯片器件的一部分。
较佳的是,诸输出波导至少形成集成芯片器件的一部分。
较佳的是,诸输入和输出波导以及波长色散装置用集成芯片器件形成。
芯片器件可以是硅芯片器件。
本发明包括复用或分解光信号的方法,通过使多波长的光通过输入和输出波导之间的光色散装置,输入或输出波导中的至少一个形成渐逝波导耦合器的一部分,该渐逝耦合器包括一组并排的耦合波导,使得在波导组的外和内波导之间发生光耦合。
较佳的是,波长色散装置过滤多波长的光,所述方法包括通过光输入端将光输入至波长色散装置,并通过多个空间分离的输出波导从色散装置接收光,光输入影响并排耦合波导组之间的渐逝耦合。
较佳的是,每个输出提供随频率的传输变化比高斯分布更平坦。
较佳的是,每个输出提供随频率的传输变化比高斯分布更宽。
通过实例并参考附图描述本发明的一些实施例,附图中:
图1示出现有技术的滤光器,
图2示出现有技术滤光器的输入端,
图3示出本发明的一个实施例,
图4示出图3装置的放大比例部分,
图5示出根据本发明使用的图4所示部分的另一配置,
图6示出本发明的另一实施例,和
图7和8示出图3到6装置的通带分布。
图1和2的现有技术配置以上已经描述。
在图3的实施例中,提供的滤光器用于在波分复用光纤通信系统中组合或分离多个光频。滤光器本身作为单个集成芯片器件15形成,在该实例中集成芯片15由带有多个在芯片上形成的硅肋状波导的硅以及波长色散装置16构成。在该实例中,色散装置包括光栅,光栅可用已知的方式由波导阵列形成或者用单个集成芯片15上的蚀刻反射镜元件形成。肋状波导形成光输入端17和光输出端18。在芯片器件中输入端17和光栅16之间的位置19处和光栅16和输出波导18之间的位置20处形成聚焦元件,如透镜或反射镜。
使用中,来自多波长源的光通过输入波导17输入,并且聚焦元件19使它对准色散光栅16。光栅引起不同频率通道的空间分布,再由聚焦元件20聚焦到输出波导18。
在该实例中,输出波导18包括多个空间分离的并排肋状波导,波导的数目对应于输出频率通道的数目。为了简便,示出了三个输出波导。输入波导包括形成渐逝耦合器22的一组波导。在该实例中,耦合器包括三个并排的平行波导,中心波导23通向芯片15的边缘与光纤输入耦合。同样输出波导18也延伸到芯片的边缘并与对应的各个光纤输出耦合。耦合器22包括两个外波导24和25,它们沿中心波导23延伸所需的相互作用长度,且在波导之间有所需的间隔,以产生横跨输入光路的交迭光强峰值。耦合器22的每个外波导24和25在耦合器远离光栅元件16的端部偏离中心波导23弯曲,以避免输入波导中耦合器波导之间发生相互作用的位置处的显著反射损耗。
如图4所示,中心肋状波导23是单模波导,其场分布横跨波导,如进入波导23的单个峰值27所示。通过正确地调节耦合器22中的相互作用长度和间隔,耦合器22呈现的光场分布如28所示,包括两个交迭峰值。光栅16将该分布适当地色散成分离的频率通道,使得进入输出波导18的每个通带的场分布具有29处所示进入中间输出波导18的加宽且更平坦的分布。应该理解光栅16引起的空间分布使得每个输出波导18选择特定的频率通带。输出波导分开配置以避免频率通道之间不必要的串扰,而进入每个输出通道的加宽且更平坦的场分布减小了每个通道中光强变化,光强变化由于系统中可能要求的频率控制的容差而产生。
图7和8可以更完整地看出使用本发明获得的平顶传输分布。图7示出从图1装置得出的正态高斯传输分布35。如36所示,它可以加宽,以传输更宽的频段。所述实施例可使该加宽分布的顶部更平坦,以给出如37所示的频率传输分布。图8示出该平坦加宽分布38,Y轴是归一化传输,X轴是以GHz表示的频率。
图4更详细地示出了渐逝耦合器22,其中耦合器输入侧的电场幅度如27所示,双峰值输出如28所示。邻近波导23、24和25中心之间的间隔示为s,相互作用长度示为L。选择L和s的值,以达到期望的较宽双峰值分布28。
图5示出耦合器22的改进形式,其中相同的标号用于类似的部件。在这种情况下,通过使用耦合器22中的锥形波导,加宽双峰值输出分布28。对于特定波导间隔s,当适当地限制了波导模时,耦合器输出端处的双像可包括两个明显分离的点。在这种情况下,外波导24和25可以是锥形的,以产生锥形扩展光,其中心偏离波导24和25的中心轴距离y。于是,使用这种锥形波导24和25可产生如图5所示的交迭双峰值28。
应该理解光通过复用器或分解器的操作是可逆的。由于光的可逆性,实施例可以如图6所示地配置,其中具有单峰值场分布的光通过肋状波导30输入,空间分离的输出频率通道被类似于上述耦合器的三个渐逝耦合器22a、22b和22c接收。在这种情况下,光由作用于单个较窄峰值的光栅16加以色散,且配置每个输出耦合器检测其输出通道,该通道横跨形成每个耦合器的三个波导。由于耦合器中的渐逝耦合,单峰值输出31、32和33被输出以连接单个集成芯片34边缘处的光纤。
应该理解上述实例中的渐逝耦合器实现了通路加宽,以获得期望的通带宽度。传输到耦合器的光被导向耦合器的中心波导,而非中心波导两侧的外波导。外波导仅仅通过渐逝耦合与传输光的中心波导耦合。耦合器的外波导仅仅连接在硅芯片实施中硅平板区域的每个端部。
本发明不限于以上实例的细节。

Claims (21)

1.一种滤光器,其特征在于,它包括一光输入端,具有至少一个波导用于输入多个光波长;一波长色散装置,配置成接收来自光输入端的光;和一光输出端,具有多个空间分离的波导用于接收来自波长色散装置的诸相应的光波长带;光输出端或光输入端中的至少一个波导形成渐逝波导耦合器的一部分,该耦合器包括一组并排的耦合波导,使得在所述波导组的外和内波导之间发生光耦合。
2.如权利要求1所述的滤光器,其特征在于,该组或每组波导包括三个并排的波导。
3.如权利要求2所述的滤光器,其特征在于,每组波导的外波导在耦合器远离色散装置的端部偏离内波导向外弯曲,以此减小耦合器内的损耗。
4.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,所述渐逝波导耦合器位于所述光输入端中,内波导被光耦合到多波长的光源。
5.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,该或每个耦合器的波导具有相互作用长度和间隔,以产生横跨光路的交迭光强峰值。
6.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,在波导组最接近波长色散装置的端部所述波导组的外波导是锥形的,以此为耦合入耦合器的光提供期望的交迭光强峰值。
7.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,波导组的所述内波导是单模波导装置。
8.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,聚焦装置位于光输入端和波长色散装置之间。
9.如权利要求8所述的滤光器,其特征在于,聚焦装置位于波长色散装置和光输出端之间。
10.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,波长色散装置包括色散光栅。
11.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,波长色散装置包括色散波导阵列。
12.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,光输出端包括一个或多个渐逝耦合器,每个渐逝耦合器包括三个并排的波导,配置三个波导以接收色散输出的各个对应部分,并在所述三个波导的外和内波导之间光耦合。
13.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,输入波导或诸波导至少形成集成芯片器件的一部分。
14,如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,输出波导至少形成集成芯片器件的一部分。
15.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,输入和输出波导以及波长色散装置均作为一个集成芯片器件形成。
16.如权利要求13-15所述的滤光器,其特征在于,芯片器件是硅芯片器件。
17.如以上任何权利要求所述的滤光器,其特征在于,光输出端中的每个波导具有的随频率而变化的传输通带比高斯分布更平坦且更宽。
18.一种复用或分解光信号的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:使多波长的光通过输入和输出波导之间的光色散装置,输入或输出波导中的至少一个形成渐逝波导耦合器的一部分,该渐逝耦合器包括一组并排的耦合波导,使得在波导组的外和内波导之间发生光耦合。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,波长色散装置过滤多波长的光,所述方法包括通过光输入端将光输入波长色散装置,并通过多个空间分离的输出波导从色散装置接收光,光输入影响并排耦合波导组之间的渐逝耦合。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的复用或分解光信号的方法,其特征在于,每个输出端提供随频率而变化的传输比高斯分布平坦。
21.如权利要求18-20所述的方法,其特征在于,每个输出端提供随频率而变化的传输比高斯分布更宽。
CN00818198A 2000-01-07 2000-12-14 光学复用器/分解器 Pending CN1420993A (zh)

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