CN1422319A - 在油质液体中产生气泡的方法 - Google Patents

在油质液体中产生气泡的方法 Download PDF

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CN1422319A
CN1422319A CN01807784A CN01807784A CN1422319A CN 1422319 A CN1422319 A CN 1422319A CN 01807784 A CN01807784 A CN 01807784A CN 01807784 A CN01807784 A CN 01807784A CN 1422319 A CN1422319 A CN 1422319A
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silicone oil
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CN1285702C (zh
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朱莉·B·M·A·摩根
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ACTI System Co.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
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    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/49—Mixing drilled material or ingredients for well-drilling, earth-drilling or deep-drilling compositions with liquids to obtain slurries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2373—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media for obtaining fine bubbles, i.e. bubbles with a size below 100 µm

Abstract

本发明公开了一种在油质液体中产生微气泡的方法，所述方法包括向油质液体中加入硅油，然后在气体存在下对液体施加机械力。本发明还公开了油基的钻井用钻探和维护流体，所述流体具有用布氏粘度计在0.5rpm测量的至少为10,000厘泊的低剪切速率粘度，该流体还含有掺入其中的通过本发明所公开的方法产生的微气泡。本发明还公开了钻井的方法，其中在钻井的过程中，在井筒内循环本发明所公开的含有微气泡的流体。

Description

在油质液体中产生气泡的方法
发明背景
在1999年2月9日提交的序列号为09/246,935的待审专利申请中公开了含有胶态气体细泡沫(微气泡)的油质基、可再循环的钻井和维护流体，在此引用并入该申请作为参考。此种流体含有一种油质的连续相，一种或多种使流体的低剪切速率粘度提高至至少10,000厘泊的增粘剂，一种或多种产生细泡沫的表面活性剂以及细泡沫。
Felix Sebba的题为“Foams and Biliquid Foams-Aphrons”的书(John Wiley & Sons，1987)是关于在含水流体中制备细泡沫及其性质的良好资料，在此引入本文供参考。细泡沫由通常是球形内相的芯构成，内相通常是液体或气体并包封在连续相液体的薄液体壳内。所述的壳含有表面活性剂分子，因而决定了其能够产生针对与相邻细泡沫凝聚的有效阻隔层。
发明概述
发明人发现通过向油质液体中加入硅油并在其中包封气体能够产生气泡和微气泡。
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种向油质液体中引入微气泡的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供其中含有微气泡的油基钻井和维护流体。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种钻井的方法，其中使用本发明的新型钻井液作为可再循环的钻井液。
在阅读了本说明书及其权利要求书以后，上述和其他目的对本领域的普通技术人员是明白的。
显然本发明可以有各种修改和改进的形式，但下文将详细描述并以实施例的方式说明本发明的具体实施方案。但是，应当理解的是，本发明并不限于所公开的具体形式，相反，本发明包括所有落入权利要求所表明的本发明的精神和范围之内的改进和变化。
所述组合物含有指定的物质、基本由指定的物质组成，或由指定的物质组成。所述方法含有使用指定物质的指定步骤、基本由使用指定物质的指定步骤组成，或由使用指定物质的指定步骤组成。本发明的优选实施方案
在其最广的方面，本发明涉及在油质液体中引入微气泡的方法，优选将所述的油质液体用作油质基钻井和维护流体(下文有时也称作“OBWDAS”流体)。
该方法包括向油质液体中加入硅油，此后在气相的存在下，对含有硅油的油质液体施加机械力。所述的基底油质液体可以是任何可稠化至需要程度的有机、水不溶的液体。本领域已知的示例性的油质液体包括石油或其馏分、植物油以及各种合成的有机液体，如烯烃(α和内不饱和烯烃)、不饱和烃的低聚物、羧酸酯、磷酸酯、醚、聚亚烷基二醇、二甘醇二甲醚、乙缩醛等。
通过向油质液体中加入硅油，然后在气相的存在下，对含有硅油的油质液体施加机械力以在油质液体中产生微气泡。
可以通过本领域已知的方法产生微气泡。除由Felix Sebba在上文所引用的书中公开的方法以外，其他方法公开在Michelsen等人的U.S.专利No.5,314,644，Yoon等人的U.S.专利No.5,397,001，Kolaini的U.S.专利No.5,783,118，Wheatley等人的U.S.专利No.5,352,436和U.S.专利No.4,162,970；4,112,025；4,717,515；4,304,740和3,671,022中，它们均被引用并入本专利作为参考。
在气体存在下，形成涡流的高剪切混合将在含硅油的油质液体中捕获气泡。
在气体存在下混合工艺是将含硅油的油质液体泵抽通过喷嘴，使液体的压力降至少为500psi，如500至5000psi或更高，此混合将在油质液体中产生微气泡。
当将含硅油的油质液体用作钻井和维护流体时，由于将流体泵抽通过钻头时的压力降以及空化作用也将产生微气泡。
用于产生微气泡的气体可以是不明显溶于油质液体的任何气体。因此，气体可以是空气、氮气、二氧化碳等，包括在混合过程中包封在流体中的空气。
用于本发明的硅油是本领域所熟知的，并可由诸如GE Silicones、HULS AMERICA，INC.、DOW CORNING和CK WITCO等公司购买到。硅油主要是具有Si-O键主链的硅氧烷聚合物。平均分子量为从约100至约500,00的二甲基硅氧烷流体，例如聚二甲基硅氧烷具有从约25℃的0.5厘沲至约2,500,000厘沲的各种等级的粘度，优选从5厘沲至约100,000厘沲。还可以使用聚二烷基硅氧烷、聚二苯基硅氧烷、聚(二甲基/二苯基)硅氧烷共聚物和聚甲基-烷基硅氧烷，如聚甲基辛基硅氧烷和聚甲基十八烷基硅氧烷。
所要求的硅油浓度通常从约0.5ppb(0.06g/cm3)至约20ppb(2.4g/cm3)，优选从约1ppb(0.12g/cm3)至约10ppg(1.2g/cm3)。通过确定由于在流体中产生微气泡所产生的流体密度的降低可以获得所产生的微气泡的体积的指示。如果硅油的浓度过量将产生不需要的流体泡沫。我们已经发现可以提高硅油的浓度，而不对流体产生任何负面影响，同时LSRV增大。因此，可以通过常规测试确定的硅油的浓度是产生足够的微气泡以获得所需要的密度降低所要求的量，但优选该浓度不足以在流体的表面上产生持久的泡沫。优选流体中细泡沫的浓度按体积计为从约5％至约25％，更优选为从约5％至约20％。
根据需要，可以通过向流体中加入增量剂或可溶性盐调节流体的密度，这是本领域所熟知的。优选在向流体中引入或产生微气泡之前向其中加入填充剂，这样，通过流体中的微气泡的浓度将含有微气泡的流体的最终密度调节至所需要的密度。
如上文所指出的，在大气压力下，微气泡在流体中的浓度以体积计应低于约25％。但是，当流体在钻孔中循环时，随着流体的静压增大，相信微气泡的体积会减小。事实上，根据钻孔的深度，微气泡可能被压缩至体积几乎为零。在压力下测量的密度应非常接近没有任何微气泡的流体的密度。但是，微气泡并没有消失。它们仍然存在并且由于压力降和空化作用，在钻头表面还将产生额外的微气泡。微气泡非常小，具有非常高的表面积并且是高度增能的。
一旦流体流出钻头并沿着环形间隙(annulus)往回升，将开始产生压力降并且微气泡开始膨胀。随着流体沿钻孔上升并遇到地层的漏失区，该微气泡被滤进该孔喉、微裂纹或其它类型的漏失区。这些漏失区是产生压力降的区域。在这些漏失区中的微气泡然后膨胀和聚集并因此密封该漏失区。在这些微环境中的“以体积计％微气泡”是高度可变的，并取决于在该漏失区中的特定压力和压力降。因此相信该微环境的密度与钻孔内流体的密度完全不同。
在本发明的流体中夹含以体积计高达25％的气体时，在大气压力下密度的降低足以提供在钻孔中所需要的微气泡的量，同时允许该流体再循环但不引起泵抽问题。
另外，该流体可含有本领域中已知的其它功能性物质，如乳化剂、润湿剂等。
不受此限制，相信在钻井或井维护作业过程中，在流体中存在的微气泡有效地密封地层，从而防止了流体在被钻或维护的地层中的过分漏失。
本发明的流体能够用于常规钻井和井维护作业中，如在本领域中所实施的。因此在钻探油和/或天然气井时，该流体的循环路径是：从地表沿钻管、盘管等向下，通过钻头，沿着在钻管和钻孔的侧边之间的环形间隙向上回到地表。流体中的微气泡密封该钻孔表面，防止流体在所钻探地层中的过量漏失。
优选本发明含微气泡的流体用于钻井过程中，其中钻头是空化液体喷射协助型钻头(cavitating liquid jet assisted drill bit)。示例性的空化液体喷射协助钻头被描述在Johnson，Jr.等人的U.S.专利No.4,262,757和Johnson Jr.等人U.S.专利No.4,391,339，均被引入在此作为参考。优选地，在空化液体喷射协助型钻头中的空化喷嘴包括在中心位置容纳的销，它降低增压钻井液的压力，从而在该流体中形成空化气泡。例如参见Henshaw的U.S.专利No.5,086,974和Henshaw的U.S.专利No.5,217,163，均被引入此文作为参考。
类似地，本发明的流体能够用于井维护作业，如完井作业、修井作业、防砂作业、填缝作业等。该流体能用作解卡液来松脱因差压卡钻被卡在钻孔侧壁上的滤饼中的钻管和工具。
通过提高油质液体的粘度，优选低剪切速率粘度(下文有时称为“LSRV”)能够提高油质液体中的微气泡的稳定性。本发明目的的LSRV是在剪切速率低于约1see-1，例如在0.3-0.5rpm的条件下在布氏粘度计上测量的粘度。含微气泡的油质流体的LSRV至少应为10,000厘泊，优选至少约为20,000厘泊，最优选至少约为40,000厘泊。由于微气泡的稳定性随LSRV的增大而提高，几十万的LSRV是需要的。
可以用各种增粘剂/胶凝剂，如亲有机物质的粘土、胶体状煅制二氧化硅、树脂、聚合物、二聚酸、阴离子多糖的脂肪族胺盐、阳离子多糖的脂肪酸盐、可分散/可溶于油中的胶乳型产品和它们的混合物来提高该油质液体的粘度，这在本领域中是已知的。
可用作增粘剂来提高本发明的油质液体的LSRV的亲有机物质的粘土是本技术领域所熟知的。它们包括有机鎓类化合物与天然或合成粘土的反应产物。亲有机物质的粘土胶凝剂的粘土部分是结晶，是络合的无机硅酸盐，由于它们从一种天然来源到另一种来源的变化较大，因此不能精确地定义其确切的组成。然而，可以将这些粘土描述为络合的无机硅酸盐，如硅酸铝和硅酸镁，除了络合的硅酸盐晶格之外，它还含有各种量的可交换阳离子的离子，如钙、镁和钠。本发明优选的亲水性粘土是水溶胀性蒙脱石粘土，如蒙脱土、锂蒙脱石、皂石和特别是来自怀俄明州(Wyoming)，含有可交换的钠离子的皂土。绿坡缕石土和皂石粘土也可用作该亲有机物质粘土的粘土部分。可以使用含杂质的该粘土的原样形式，或通过将粘土的含水淤浆离心处理进行提纯。
与蒙脱石粘土反应的有机鎓化合物最好是伯、仲和叔胺的酸式盐，优选季铵化合物。该鎓化合物应该含有至少一个具有至少10个碳原子，优选约16-22个碳原子的烷基、亚烷基或烷叉基。典型的季铵化合物是二甲基二氢化牛脂氯化铵、三甲基氢化牛脂氯化铵、二甲基苄基十八烷基氯化铵和甲基苄基二(十八烷基)氯化铵。典型的胺的酸盐是可可胺(cocoamine)的酸盐。可以使用其它有机鎓化合物，如有机磷鎓化合物。有机改性的粘土和它们的制备方法更详细地描述在U.S.专利No.2,531,427；2,531,812；2,966,506；3,929,849；4,287,086；4,105,578中，在此引用所有这些文献作为参考。
用于本发明的钻井液中的优选的亲有机物质的粘土是二甲基二氢化牛脂铵膨润土、二甲基苄基-氢化牛脂铵膨润土和甲基苄基-二氢化牛脂铵膨润土。
Schumate等人的U.S.专利No.5,021,170公开了磺化的乙烯/丙烯/5-苯基-2-降冰片烯三元共聚物(EPDM聚合物)和亲有机物质的粘土增粘剂协同作用提高反向乳化钻井液，尤其是使用低芳族含量烃作为油质液体相的此类流体的粘度和悬浮特性。EPDM聚合物一般性地描述在U.S.专利No.4,442,011中，在此引入上述文献作为参考。
基本上，EPDM聚合物含有约5-约30毫当量的磺酸根基团/100克磺化的聚合物，其中用金属阳离子或胺或铵平衡离子来中和磺酸基。该EPDM聚合物具有按重量计约0.5-约20％的苯基降冰片烯，或优选约1-约10％，最优选约2-约8％。优选的聚合物按重量计含有约10-约80％的乙烯和按重量计约1-约10％的5-苯基-2-降冰片烯单体，聚合物的余量是丙烯。优选该聚合物按重量计含有约30-约70％的乙烯，例如50重量％；和2-约8％的苯基-2-降冰片烯单体，例如5.0重量％。
典型的乙烯/丙烯/5-苯基-2-降冰片烯三元共聚物具有约16的门尼粘度(ML，1+8，212°F)，并具有约50重量％的乙烯含量和约5重量％的5-苯基-2-降冰片烯含量。
该三元共聚物具有按照凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测量的约5,000到约300,000，更优选约10,000到约80,000的数均分子量(Mn)。三元共聚物的门尼粘度是约5-约90，更优选约10-约80，最优选约15-约50。
由三元共聚物和粘土组成的胶凝剂一般是以约0.5磅-约10磅/42加仑桶(ppb)流体的量存在于钻井液中。
Oehler等人的U.S.专利No.4,816,551公开了在含有亲有机物质的粘土增粘剂，尤其在低粘度矿物油的流体中，某些酰胺树脂提供了具有改进的触变性的更多剪切稀化流体，引用在此作为参考。该酰胺树脂是二元的二聚或三聚脂肪酸、二链烷醇胺和二亚烷基多胺的反应产物。
二元酸可以是二聚脂肪酸，是通过含有至少8个，优选约10个或更多至约18个碳原子的不饱和脂肪酸的二聚所制备的工业产品，所述的脂肪酸包括9-十二碳酸(dodecanoic)(顺式)、9-十四碳酸(tetradodecanoic)(顺式)、9-十八碳酸(octadecanoic)(顺式)、十八烷四酸(octadecatetranoic acid)等。典型的分子含有两个羧基并在支链构型中含有约36个碳原子。如果至少一个羧基被封闭或以酯基、盐等形式失活，可以使用二元的三聚脂肪酸，它也是工业原料和类似制备的，含有大约54个碳原子，即在本发明中使用的三聚脂肪酸是二元酸。可以使用二聚酸和三聚酸的混合物。
二链烷醇胺包括羟烷基胺类，例如，其中链烷醇基团含有1-6个、优选2-4个碳原子的物质；例如包括二乙醇胺、二正丙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、二丁醇胺、二戊醇胺、二己醇胺等以及它们的组合。优选二乙醇胺和二丙醇胺。也可以使用包括乙基羟乙基胺、丙基羟乙基胺、丁基羟丙基胺等的烷基羟烷基胺类。
多亚烷基多胺包括其中的亚烷基含有约1-6个碳原子，优选2-4个碳原子，和至少含有3个氮原子的物质，其中的“多”是指大约2到20的整数。这些物质可由下面的通式表示：
其中R′是含有1-6个碳原子的亚烷基，R″″是氢或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基，x是1-20的整数。典型的可用物质包括二亚乙基三胺，三亚乙基四胺、四亚甲基五胺、多胺HH、多胺HPA等等。优选二亚乙基三胺和三亚乙基四胺。
所述产物可由下面通式表示：
其中R是含有20个碳原子，优选约30-54个碳原子的亚烷基；R′是含有1-6个碳原子的亚烷基，R″是含有1-6个碳原子的亚烷基，R是含有1-6个碳原子的亚烷基，R″″是在N和Y之间直接以共价键连接的桥基，或是氢或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基，Y是氢或羟基，x是1-20的整数。
本文引用作为参考的Cooperman等人的U.S.专利No.5,710,110公开了以重量计0.01-约5％的某些胺加成反应产物与一种或多种流变活性的粘土基物质结合使用可同时为油性和反向油乳化基钻井液提供改进的抗沉积性能。该流变活性的粘土基材料包括有机粘土、包括怀俄明膨润土在内的蒙脱石型粘土、增效的钠和钙膨润土和锂蒙脱石以及绿坡缕石土。有机粘土及其制造方法描述在例如U.S.专利No.5,075,033、5,130,028和5,151,155中。蒙脱石型粘土是可交换阳离子的粘土，U.S.专利No.5,350,562对其进行了详细描述并用化学式表示。在Carr.Industrial Minerals and Rocks，第6版(1994年)的标题为“膨润土”(Bentonite)的一章中详细描述了本发明特别有用的粘土——膨润土，其作者为印地安那大学的Elzea和Murray博士。绿坡缕石土是大家所熟知的天然粘土，它具有阳离子交换能力但在量上低于蒙脱石型粘土如膨润土和锂蒙脱石。
胺加成反应产物包括一种或多种聚烷氧基化脂族胺化合物与一种或多种选自马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐及其混合物的有机化合物反应的一种或多种反应产物，所述的胺化合物具有由下式表示的化学结构：
Figure A0180778400141
其中R1是从具有12-18个碳原子的脂肪物质源衍生的直链烷基，R选自氢、甲基和乙基，x和y均至少是1且x+y的总和是2-15。
抗沉积性能的提高是由胺与流变活性粘土在宽范围内结合形成的该混合物实现的。制备本发明的钻井液的另一些可选择的方法是将此类可交换阳离子的粘土基材料加入到分别来自上述那些胺反应产物的钻井液中，当钻井液被用于钻通含有流变活性粘土的区域时，将胺添加剂加入到钻井液中，或者如果钻井液已经含有此类粘土基材料，可单独添加胺。
在本发明的流体中用作增粘剂的示例性聚合物在下面的参考文献中有描述。
Peiffer等人的U.S.法定发明登记No.H837公开了从磺化(阴离子)聚合物和水不溶性的乙烯基吡啶(阳离子)聚合物形成的水不溶性的、烃溶性的聚合物复合物作为油基钻探泥浆的增粘剂的用途，该文件引入在此作为参考。
Peiffer等人的U.S.专利No.4,978,461公开了将对甲基苯乙烯/金属中和的苯乙烯磺酸盐/苯乙烯的热塑性三元共聚物作为油质钻探泥浆的增粘剂的用途，在此引用该专利作为参考。
Patel等人的U.S.专利No.4,740,319公开了含有聚合物的胶乳的用途，该聚合物是选自苯乙烯、丁二烯、异戊二烯及其混合物的第一单体和含有选自酰胺、胺、磺酸根、羧酸、二羧酸及其组合的基团的第二官能化单体的反应产物，条件是至少一种该官能化单体是选自酰胺和胺的含氮物质，在此引用该专利作为参考。
Turner等人的U.S.专利No.4,425,461公开了水不溶性的中和的磺化热塑性聚合物和水不溶性的中和的磺化弹性聚合物的混合物作为油基钻探泥浆的增粘剂的用途，在此引用该专利作为参考。
市场上可买到的聚合物包括HYBILDTM 201(BP Chemicals)，HYVISTM(Unocal)等。
除硅油以外，本发明含微气泡的油质流体可以含有表面活性剂，如在1999年2月9日提交的共同待审的美国专利申请No.09/246,935中所公开的那些表面活性剂。该表面活性剂还可以含有掺入其中的一种或多种稳定剂，如烷基醇类、脂肪族链烷醇酰胺和烷基甜菜碱。通常该烷基链含有约10到约18个碳原子。该产生细泡沫的表面活性剂可以是阴离子、非离子或阳离子型，这取决于与增粘剂的相容性。
氟表面活性剂包括但不限于(i)氟化的调聚物，(ii)两性氟表面活性剂，(iii)多氟化的胺氧化物，(iv)氟代烷基乙硫基聚丙烯酰胺，(v)全氟代烷基乙硫基聚丙烯酰胺，(vi)2-羟基-N，N，N-三甲基-3-γ-ω-全氟-(C6-C20-烷基)硫基(1-丙基)氯化铵的衍生物，(vii)氟代烷基磺酸钠，和(viii)1-丙烷磺酸的钠盐，2-甲基-，2-{[1-氧代-3[γ，-ω，-全氟-C16-C26-烷基)硫基}丙基}氨基}衍生物。
特别优选的氟表面活性剂是由3M公司以商品名FLUORADTM FC740销售的氟代脂族聚合酯的混合物。
D′Arrigo的U.S.专利No.4,684,479公开了表面活性剂混合物，它包括：(a)选自含有约10到约18个碳原子的饱和羧酸的甘油单酯和含有约10到约18个碳原子的脂族醇的组分；(b)甾醇-芳族酸酯；(c)选自甾醇、萜烯、胆汁酸和胆汁酸碱金属盐的组分；(d)选自含有1到约18个碳原子的脂族酸的甾醇酯、糖酸的甾醇酯、糖酸和含有约10到约18个碳原子的脂族醇的酯、糖和含有约10到约18个碳原子的脂肪酸的酯、糖酸、皂角苷和皂角苷配基的组分；和(e)选自甘油、含有约10到约18个碳原子的脂肪酸的甘油二酯或甘油三酯和含有约10到约18个碳原子的脂族醇的组分；所述组分在混合物中以a∶b∶c∶d∶e的重量比为2-4∶0.5-1.5∶0.5-1.5∶0-1.5∶0-1.5存在，在此引入上述专利作为参考。
如上文所述，本发明的含有微气泡的油质液体作为油井和气井的钻探和维护流体是有用的。所述的OBWDAS流体还可选择地含有作为分散相的水、各种乳化剂、湿润剂、增量剂、流体流失控制剂、水溶性盐等，这是本领域已知的。
下面的实施例用于说明本发明，但是不应被解释为限制本发明的范围。对硅油的测定为：具有1,000、10,000或100,000厘沲标称粘度的聚二甲基硅氧烷。在表或本说明书中使用的缩写如下：cp＝厘泊；g＝克；ml＝毫升；cm3＝立方厘米；v＝伏特；OS＝超出正常范围，＞2000伏；sec＝秒；ppb＝磅/桶；min＝分钟；rpm＝转数/分；ctsk＝厘沲；ppg＝磅/加仑；LSRV＝在0.3-0.5rpm下在布氏粘度计上测量的低剪切速率粘度。在室温(22℃)下使用美国石油学会公报(American PetroleumInstitute Bulletin)RP13-B所规定的程序测定Fann流变(FannRheology)。
实施例1
通过在高剪切混合器将340ml Iso-Teq内烯烃油、9.3g VEN-GEL420亲有机物质的绿坡缕石、4.3g Claytone II亲有机物质的膨润土、1.4g碳酸丙烯酯、2.0g硬脂酸铝、10ml水以及表I所示浓度的硅油混合在一起制备流体。在冷却到室温后，获得Brookfield和Fann流变。此后在185°F热轧流体16小时、冷却，获得Brookfield和Fann流变、乳液稳定性和混合前和混合后的密度。按照下式计算密度降低的％，它是流体中的微气泡浓度的度量。
                           表I所有流体均含有350ml Iso-Teq油、9.3g VEN-GEL 420亲有机物质的 绿坡缕石、4.3g CLAYTONE II亲有机物质的膨润土、1.4g碳酸丙烯 酯、2.0g硬脂酸铝、10ml水以及表中所示浓度的硅油 流体                    I-1   I-2   I-3   I-4   I-5   I-6   I-7  I-8硅油粘度，ctsk(×10-3)  1      1      1      10     100    100    100   100硅油，g                  2      3      4      3      1      2      3     4初始流变Brookfield流变0.3rpm(×10-3)，cp      46     52     82.7   58     103    82     44.7  70.70.5rpm(×10-3)，cp      30.8   36.4   59.6   32.4   47.6   47.6   28.8  52.8100rpm，cp               444    310    528    234    444    496    414   416Fann流变600rpm                   55     42     58     39     50     61     56     60300rpm                   44     32     48     29     40     51     43     49塑性粘度                 11     10     10     10     10     10     13     11屈服点                   33     22     38     19     30     41     30     38在185°F热轧16小时Brookfield流变0.3rpm(×10-3)，cp      115    96.7   106    153    125    108    141    94.70.5rpm(×10-3)，cp      72.8   70     75.2   103    68.8   87.2   72     69.2100rpm，cp               818    1210   1218   962    932    686    984    956Fann流变600rpm               100    99    115   86    91    103   105   117300rpm               82     85    98    71    69    80    90    95塑性粘度             18     14    17    15    22    23    15    22屈服点               64     71    81    56    47    57    75    7310sec.胶凝强度       53     52    76    45    43    53    60    7310min.胶凝强度       56     48    60    43    52    52    57    50乳液稳定性，V        OS     OS    OS    OS    OS    OS    OS    OS密度(混和前)，ppg    6.6    6.8   6.7   6.8   6.7   6.7   6.7   6.7密度(混和后)，ppg    5.8    5.5   5.7   5.9   5.7   5.9   5.7   5.8密度降低％           12.1   19.1  14.9  13.2  14.9  11.9  14.9  13.4

Claims (24)

1.在油质液体中产生气泡的方法，所述的方法包括向油质液体中加入硅油，然后在气体存在下对油质液体施加机械力。
2.权利要求1所述的方法，其中的硅油是在25℃下具有约0.65厘沲至约2,500,000厘沲标称粘度的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
3.权利要求1所述的方法，其中的油质液体选自石油或其馏分、α-烯烃、内烯烃、不饱和烃的低聚物、羧酸酯、磷酸酯、醚、聚亚烷基二醇、二甘醇二甲醚、乙缩醛及其混合物。
4.权利要求2所述的方法，其中的油质液体选自石油或其馏分、α-烯烃、内烯烃、不饱和烃的低聚物、羧酸酯、磷酸酯、醚、聚亚烷基二醇、二甘醇二甲醚、乙缩醛及其混合物。
5.权利要求1所述的方法，其中的油质液体选自石油或其馏分、α-烯烃、内烯烃、不饱和烃的低聚物及其混合物。
6.权利要求2所述的方法，其中的油质液体选自石油或其馏分、α-烯烃、内烯烃、不饱和烃的低聚物及其混合物。
7.权利要求1所述的方法，其中的气体选自空气、氮气、二氧化碳及其混合物。
8.权利要求2所述的方法，其中的气体选自空气、氮气、二氧化碳及其混合物。
9.权利要求5所述的方法，其中的气体选自空气、氮气、二氧化碳及其混合物。
10.权利要求6所述的方法，其中的气体选自空气、氮气、二氧化碳及其混合物。
11.权利要求1所述的方法，其中的机械力选自使含硅油的油质液体形成涡流的混合、泵抽含硅油的油质液体并使液体受到至少500psi的压力降以及上述方式的组合。
12.权利要求2所述的方法，其中的机械力选自使含硅油的油质液体形成涡流的混合、泵抽含硅油的油质液体并使液体受到至少500psi的压力降以及上述方式的组合。
13.权利要求4所述的方法，其中的机械力选自使含硅油的油质液体形成涡流的混合、泵抽含硅油的油质液体并使液体受到至少500psi的压力降以及上述方式的组合。
14.权利要求6所述的方法，其中的机械力选自使含硅油的油质液体形成涡流的混合、泵抽含硅油的油质液体并使液体受到至少500psi的压力降以及上述方式的组合。
15.权利要求8所述的方法，其中的机械力选自使含硅油的油质液体形成涡流的混合、泵抽含硅油的油质液体并使液体受到至少500psi的压力降以及上述方式的组合。
16.油基的钻井用钻探和维护流体，所述的流体含有作为连续液相的油质液体，在所述液相中已掺入了一种或多种增粘剂以使所述流体具有用布氏粘度计在0.5rpm下测量的至少约10,000厘泊的低剪切速率粘度；用于在油质液体中产生微气泡的硅油；和微气泡；其中通过在气体存在下对含硅油的油质液体施加机械力产生微气泡。
17.权利要求16所述流体，其中的微气泡的浓度使流体具有需要的密度。
18.权利要求17所述的流体，其中的硅油是在25℃下具有约5厘沲至约100,000厘沲标称粘度的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
19.权利要求18所述的流体，其中的油质液体选自石油或其馏分、α-烯烃、内烯烃、不饱和烃的低聚物及其混合物。
20.权利要求19所述的流体，其中的气体选自空气、氮气、二氧化碳及其混合物。
21.权利要求20所述的流体，其中的机械力选自使含硅油的油质液体形成涡流的混合、泵抽含硅油的油质液体并使液体受到至少500psi的压力降，以及上述方式的组合。
22.权利要求16、17、18、19、20或21任一项的流体，其中的低剪切速率粘度至少约40,000厘泊，并且其中的流体含有以体积计约5％至约25％的微气泡。
23.一种钻井的方法，其中在井筒内循环权利要求16、17、18、19或20的流体。
24.一种钻井的方法，其中在井筒内循环权利要求22的流体。
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EP1276552A2 (en) 2003-01-22
EP1276552B1 (en) 2005-01-19
NO330381B1 (no) 2011-04-04
WO2001074478A3 (en) 2002-01-24
AU4979601A (en) 2001-10-15
OA12326A (en) 2006-05-12
DZ3068A1 (fr) 2004-09-14
BR0109832B1 (pt) 2011-05-03
BR0109832A (pt) 2002-12-17
ATE287285T1 (de) 2005-02-15

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