CN1445541A - 电化学方法 - Google Patents

电化学方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1445541A
CN1445541A CN03106170A CN03106170A CN1445541A CN 1445541 A CN1445541 A CN 1445541A CN 03106170 A CN03106170 A CN 03106170A CN 03106170 A CN03106170 A CN 03106170A CN 1445541 A CN1445541 A CN 1445541A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
voltage
cell
concentration
current
time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN03106170A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN100409008C (zh
Inventor
阿拉思泰·麦金德·霍杰斯
托马斯·威廉姆·伯克
奥德瓦·约翰森
伊恩·安德鲁·马克思沃尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LIVESKAN CO
Original Assignee
LIVESKAN CO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LIVESKAN CO filed Critical LIVESKAN CO
Publication of CN1445541A publication Critical patent/CN1445541A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100409008C publication Critical patent/CN100409008C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403Cells and electrode assemblies
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/005Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes
    • C12Q1/006Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes for glucose
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/004Enzyme electrodes mediator-assisted
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/327Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
    • G01N27/3271Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
    • G01N27/3272Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels

Abstract

一种用于测定样品中的还原或氧化形态的氧化还原物质的浓度的方法,包括如下步骤:在电化学电池的工作电极和反电极之间施加电压,其中这些电极被隔开以致于反应产物从反电极到达工作电极,使得氧化还原物质的电解氧化受扩散控制;测定作为时间函数的电流;估算稳态电流的强度;反转电压;再次测定作为时间函数的电流并且估算稳定状态的反转电压。

Description

电化学方法
(本申请是申请日为1996年11月15日、申请号为96199076.7、发明名称相同的申请的分案申请。)
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于测定载体中分析物浓度的电化学方法并涉及一种用于实施该方法的装置。
背景技术
此处描述的发明是对我们共同未决的申请PCT/AU96/00365中所述的发明的改进或修改,其内容在此引入以供参考。
此处将特别结合一种用以测量血液中葡萄糖浓度的生物传感器对本发明进行描述,但是应当理解本发明并不限于这种特定应用,也可以用于其它分析测量中。
为测量含水液体样品中的待分析成分的浓度,公知方法是通过将样品置于电化学电池的反应区进行测量,其中电化学电池具有两个电极,其间具有使它们适于电流测量的阻抗。允许待分析成分直接与一个电极反应,或者直接或间接与氧化还原剂反应,从而形成一种可氧化的(或可还原的)物质,其总量与待分析成分的浓度相对应。然后通过电化学方法测量存在的可氧化(或可还原的)物质的分量。这种方法通常需要使电极充分分离,以使测量期间一个电极的电解产物不会到达另一电极而影响另一电极的反应过程。
在我们共同未决的申请中,我们描述了一种用于测定在具有一个工作电极和一个与该工作电极隔开的反电极(或反/参考电极)的电化学电池中还原(或氧化)形态的氧化还原物质的浓度的新方法。该方法包括如下步骤,在电极之间施加电位差,将工作电极与反电极隔开以便反应产物从反电极到达工作电极,以及选择工作电极的电位使得还原形态的物质的电解氧化(或氧化形态物质的电解还原)速率受扩散控制。通过在施加电压之后并且在达到稳态电流之前测定作为时间函数的电流,然后估算稳态电流的强度,前述方法使得能够测定还原(或氧化)形态物质的扩散系数和/或浓度。
在我们共同未决的申请中,结合使用了采用GOD/氰亚铁酸盐系统(GOD/Ferrocyanide system)的“薄层”电池对该方法进行了举例说明。这里所用的术语“薄层电化学电池”是指具有小间距的电极从而使反应产物可由反电极到达工作电极的电池。实际上,用于测量血液中葡萄糖浓度的这种电池中电极的间隔小于500微米,并且最好小于200微米。
例示的电化学电池中所用化学原理如下:
葡萄糖+GOD→葡糖酸+GOD*              反应1
GOD*+2氰铁酸盐→GOD+2氰亚铁酸盐      反应2
其中GOD为葡萄糖氧化酶,GOD*为‘活化’酶。氰铁酸盐([Fe(CN)6]3)为使GOD*返回其催化状态的‘介体’。反应过程中只要存在过量介体,催化酶GOD就不会消耗。氰亚铁酸盐([Fe(CN)6]4)为整个反应的产物。理论上开始时没有氰亚铁酸盐,但实际中常有少量。在反应结束后,氰亚铁酸盐的浓度(以电化学方法测量)表示葡萄糖的初始浓度。整个反应过程是反应1和2之和: 反应3
“葡萄糖”具体指β-D-葡萄糖。
已有技术具有诸多缺点。首先,所需样品尺寸大于所希望尺寸。通常希望能对较小体积的样品进行测量,因为这反过来使得能够在获取样品时采用损失更小的方法。
其次,通常希望提高测量精度并且消除或减少由于例如电池不对称或者在批量生产微电池时引入的其它因素所导致的偏差。
再者,通常希望减少得到测量值所需的时间。目前市场上可获得的电化学葡萄糖探测器中采用的测试议定书在开始测试时包含一个预定的等待时间,此时酶与葡萄糖反应以产生供电化学探测的物质。此开始时间设定为在所有使用条件下实现所需反应所必需的最大值。
再次,希望消除由氧引起的偏差。氧可以富含于血液中,或者溶解在血浆中,或者与血红蛋白结合。它也可以在“指刺”(finger sticking)时引入,其时小体积而大表面积的血滴在加入电池之前暴露于空气中。因为氧是GOD的介体,所以氧会造成干扰。其反应如下:
葡萄糖+GOD→葡糖酸+GOD*                       反应4
GOD*+氧+水→GOD+过氧化氢                      反应5
其总体反应由下式给出: 反应6
在多数场合,氧气也用作介体的复杂状态是不希望的,因为最终氰亚铁酸盐的浓度已不再直接与初始葡萄糖浓度成正比。其结果是,初始葡萄糖浓度既与氰亚铁酸盐的最终浓度也与过氧化氢的最终浓度相关。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种用于测定载体中分析物浓度的方法,它避免或弥补了已有技术的缺点。本发明优选形式的目的在于提供一种具有改进精度、和/或可靠性和/或速度的生物传感器。
根据一个方面,本发明包括一种用于测定在具有一个工作电极和一个与该工作电极隔开一予定间距的反电极的电化学电池中还原(或氧化)形态的氧化还原物质的浓度的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(a)在电极之间施加电压,其中该电极被隔开以致于反应产物从反电极通过扩散到达工作电极,并且其中工作电极的电位使得还原形态(或氧化形态)的氧化还原物质的电解氧化速率受扩散控制,
(b)在施加电压之后并且在达到稳定状态之前,测定作为时间函数的电流,
(c)估算稳态电流的强度,
(d)中断电压,或者反转电压极性,
(e)重复步骤(b)和步骤(c)。
本发明缘于如下发现,即如果在达到初始稳定状态之后反转极性(即阳极变为阴极而阴极变为阳极),则可以观察到第二暂态电流,并且在过一段时间后达到第二稳定状态。这已被证明对诊断是有帮助的,有助于降低电池不对称和其它影响暂态电流的因素所造成的影响。通过采用反转电极允许重复进行测量,还可以实现较高可靠性和/或精度的测量。类似地,如果使电压中断一段足以使浓度分布恢复随机状态的时间,然后再重新施加,则可以重复步骤(b)和步骤(c)。
根据第二方面,本发明包括一种根据第一方面的方法,用于通过一个电池测量样品中的葡萄糖浓度,其中该电池具有一个工作电极、一个反电极、催化酶和氧化还原介体,该方法包括使电池在高于氧化还原反应电位的电位下工作的步骤,以便使过氧化氢在阳极氧化,从而构成一种根据第一方面的方法。
通过此方法可以弥补氧气影响,这在后面将进一步说明。
根据第三方面,本发明包括一种根据第一或第二方面的方法,其中允许样品与催化酶及氧化还原介体反应,包括如下步骤:
(a)在填充电池之前或其间,在电极之间施加电压,
(b)测量作为时间函数的电流的增加,
(c)根据步骤(b)中的测量结果确定或预计与所述催化剂反应完成的时间,以及
(d)然后中断电压,或者反转电压极性。
附图说明
下面仅以示例方式并且参照附图对本发明进行更详细的说明,附图中:
图1例示出在根据本发明的电池中发生的反应。
图2表示在根据本发明的电化学电池中,在施加电压之前和施加电压之后且在达到稳定状态之前的浓度分布以及在稳定状态的浓度分布。
图3表示在施加电压之前和之后电流随时间变化的曲线。
图4表示在根据本发明的电化学电池中,在极性反转之前,反转之后达到稳定状态之前,以及在稳定状态时氰亚铁酸盐的浓度分布。
图5表示在极性反转之前和之后电流随时间变化的曲线。
图6表示在中断所施加电压15秒之前和之后电流随时间变化的曲线。
图7表示其中过氧化物被氧化的电化学电池中发生的反应。
图8表示在施加足以使过氧化氢氧化的初始电压时电流随时间变化的曲线。
图9画出了图7中电池的平面图。
图10通过沿图9中线10-10的剖面图描述了适用于本发明的电池的一个
实施例。
图11画出了图7中电池的端剖面图。
具体实施方式
参照图9、10和11,仅以示例方式画出了(未按比例)适于本发明方法采用的一种电化学电池。
该电池包括一聚酯芯层4,大约18mm×5mm且厚约100微米,并且具有一直径3.4mm的圆孔8。孔8限定了一个圆柱状电池侧壁10。在芯层4的一侧粘接有一个带有钯溅射镀层2的聚酯板1。溅镀是在4至6毫巴压强的氩气氛中进行的,以产生厚约100-1000埃的均匀镀层。所述板通过粘合剂3粘接至芯层4,使钯2与芯层4相邻并覆盖孔8。
具有第二钯溅射镀层6的第二聚酯板7,通过压合式粘合剂5粘接至芯层4的另一侧并覆盖孔8。从而确定了一个具有圆柱状侧壁10和靠近的金属钯端部的电池。该组件在9处开有凹口,以便使溶液可以进入电池或者通过虹吸或毛细作用吸入,并且使空气可以逸出。金属膜2、6以适当的电连接方式或形式加以连接,从而可以施加电压并且可以用测量电流的方式对电压进行测量。对该电池装以干燥形式的GOD和氰亚铁酸盐。图1中简要画出了此电池。
在使用时,根据本方法,在9处通过毛细作用向电池中加入一滴血液并使其反应。
实施例
可以参照图1考虑用于测量完全反应后的氰亚铁酸盐浓度的电化学装置。
在薄层电池中,氰亚铁酸盐和氰铁酸盐的浓度(在完成‘酶催化’反应之后)在整个电池中都是相等的(所考虑轴线处在两电极之间)。图2给出了氰亚铁酸盐的浓度分布曲线。
当在电池之中施加一定电压时,氰铁酸盐在阴极处转化为氰亚铁酸盐,而氰亚铁酸盐在阳极处转化为氰铁酸盐。其化学计量设置为在完全反应后与氰亚铁酸盐相比仍然具有过量的氰铁酸盐。由于此原因,限制完全电化学反应的过程在于氰亚铁酸盐在阳极处向氰铁酸盐的转化,仅因为氰亚铁酸盐具有明显较低的浓度。对氰亚铁酸盐反应的速率限制措施还在于氰亚铁酸盐向阳极的扩散。经过一段时间后,达到稳定状态,氰亚铁酸盐和氰铁酸盐的浓度保持不变(见图2)。
因此,存在两个限制条件:最初时20氰亚铁酸盐均匀地分布于整个电池中。接着,在电池中施加一个已知电压,经过一段时间之后,达到氰亚铁酸盐的稳态浓度分布23。‘过渡状态’22反映随着浓度从初始条件向最终稳态条件23的调整,所测得的通过电池的电流。这在图3中显示为时间的函数。已经发现,在此‘过渡’期间,电流随时间的变化决定于氰亚铁酸盐的总浓度和氰亚铁酸盐的扩散系数。
通过解此条件下的扩散方程,表明通过在有限的可计算时间范围内的下述方程可以充分描述此过渡状态: ln ( i i ss - 1 ) = - 4 π 2 Dt L 2 + ln ( 2 ) 方程1
其中i为所测电流,iss为稳态电流,D为氰亚铁酸盐在电池中的扩散系数,L为阳极和阴极之间的间隔距离,t为时间。
这是一般扩散方程的简单解。然而,也有可能采用其它解。
最终的稳态电流也决定于氰亚铁酸盐的总浓度和氰亚铁酸盐的扩散系数。稳态电流还可以根据扩散理论建立模型,由下式给出: i ss = 2 DFCA L 方程2
其中F为法拉第常数,C为氰亚铁酸盐的初始浓度,A为工作电极的面积。初始浓度表示未经扰动的浓度(如图2中20所示)。
对过渡状态以及稳定状态时观测的电流进行分析,可以计算出氰亚铁酸盐的浓度和扩散系数,从而可以计算出初始的葡萄糖浓度。
通过作出如下曲线可以进行这种分析: ln ( i i ss - 1 ) 方程3
时间函数在一个有限的和可计算的时间范围内基本上是线性的,并且可以通过线性最小二乘回归法进行分析。由于L对于给定电池是一个常数,所以测量作为时间函数的i以及iss,可以计算出氧化还原介体的扩散系数值并且可以确定分析物的浓度。
另一种分析数据的可能方式是利用在向电极施加电压差之后不久电流随时间的变化。在此时间内,其电流可以通过科特雷耳方程充分描述。也即:
i-FAD_C/(pi_t_)                      方程4
通过对i随1/t_变化的曲线进行最小二乘回归,可以由该曲线的斜率估算出FAD_C/pi_的值。稳态电流iss如前给出,因此通过结合上述曲线的斜率和稳态电流,可以计算出氰亚铁酸盐的浓度值,它与电池中的氰亚铁酸盐扩散系数无关。这由下式给出:
C=2slope2pi/(FALiss)                  方程5
在根据本发明的一个例子中,将血样引入一个薄层电池中,该电池中含有如前面结合图7、8和9所述的GOD/氰亚铁酸盐系统。如图3所示,进行短时间20的反应之后,在电极之间施加一电压,当在施加电压21时开始出现电流,但是电流随后作为一个过渡22降低至稳态水平23。扩散系数和/或葡萄糖浓度可以通过测量作为时间函数的电流和测量稳态电流求得。
根据本发明,随后中断电流,或者例如通过一个适当的切换开关倒转其极性。如果倒转其极性,则随后会观察到一个第二过渡状态,并且在经过更长时间后达到一个第二稳定状态,尽管其分布图相反。图4简要画出了电池中氰亚铁酸盐浓度分布所经历的改变。电流反转前的初始浓度分布为23。新的稳态浓度分布显示为25。过渡状态的浓度分布由24给出例示。
通过解此条件下的扩散方程,表明过渡电流可以描述如下: ln ( i i ss - 1 ) = - 4 π 2 Dt L 2 + ln ( 2 ) 方程6
因此,在反转极性的情况下易于重新计算其扩散系数和浓度。理论上,其结果应当与过渡状态或极性的形式无关。实际上,其结果由于影响过渡状态的因素的原因会有所变化,例如由于样品不均匀、电极状态,或者更重要地由于电池结构的不对称性。因而此测量对于电池诊断是有用的,并且通过进行重复测量和以反转极性取平均,还可以达到更高的精度。
类似地,如果在达到稳态后中断电压,其初始浓度分布将在短时间(例如4秒)内重新建立起来。
一旦重新建立起(或者接近于)初始状态之后,便可以施加电压,从而重复上述步骤而无需电流反转。图6画出了电流随时间变化的曲线,类似于图3,但是其电压在26处被中断,15秒之后在27处被重新施加,从而产生一个新的过渡电流28和状态29。
如前所述,血液中氧的存在是一个干扰因素,因为最终的氰亚铁酸盐浓度不再直接正比于初始的葡萄糖浓度。初始葡萄糖浓度而是与氰亚铁酸盐加上过氧化氢一起的最终浓度有关。然而,本发明人已经发现,过氧化氢可以在一个高于氰亚铁酸盐/氰铁酸盐氧化还原反应电位的已知电位在阳极处被氧化。图7给出了其整个电化学途径。过氧化氢反应为:
过氧化氢→氧气+2H++2e″                   反应7
如果在酶催化反应过程中向电池中施加一个足以氧化过氧化氢的电压,则在此期间将会发生下述过程:
(a)葡萄糖反应变为葡糖酸。
(b)产生氰亚铁酸盐和过氧化氢。
(c)氰亚铁酸盐/氰铁酸盐氧化还原反应最终达到稳定状态。
(d)过氧化氢在阳极被氧化,产生电子用于将氰铁酸盐转化为氰亚铁酸盐。
总体上,在恒定电压经过一段时间(在图8中大约2_秒)之后,所有过氧化物将转化为氧气(氧气随后作为催化剂,用于接着完成更多的酶化学反应直到葡萄糖完全消耗),而电子将用于将氰铁酸盐转化为氰亚铁酸盐。
在此阶段(在图8中60秒)施加一个反转过渡状态。也就是说,切换电池的极性,但现在施加适于氰铁酸盐/氰亚铁酸盐氧化还原反应的较低电压。最终的稳定状态时氰亚铁酸盐将再次反映初始的葡萄糖浓度。这可以用前述方式分析以确定初始样品中的葡萄糖总体浓度。
采用本发明的方法,可以用电化学方法就地监测测试的反应阶段,而无须干扰其测量阶段。当反应结束时即可以进行测量,而无需进一步延迟。考虑到不同电池之间酶活性的变化以及不同的温度和葡萄糖浓度,其等待时间因测试而异,并且可以是任何特殊样品和电池所必要的最少时间。这与现有技术形成了鲜明的对比,在现有技术中,在考虑到所有这些因素后,其测量需延迟到反应所需的最长时间。
在本方法中,电池刚开始充满样品后便通过在两个电极之间施加例如-300mV的电压来监测其反应阶段。
很快便可获得还原介体在电池中的线性浓度分布曲线。随着与葡萄糖的酶催化反应所产生的还原介体的增多,此线性浓度分布曲线变得更加陡峭,并且电流也随着增加。当反应结束时电流不再增加。该点可以由熟知的电子手段加以检测,接着便可开始该测试的测量阶段。
通过将理论上的分子运动方程拟合至在测试的此阶段获得的电流时间曲线,还可以估算反应的结束点。此方程可以预测任何时刻的反应进行程度,因而可以得知该结束点何时发生,而不必等到那时。这进一步缩短了测试时间。例如,可以将方程拟合至所测得的前脉冲电流随时间变化的曲线。该方程因而可以预测,在时刻X反应将完成例如90%。如果测量时刻X的浓度,可以将答案除以0.90以得到真实浓度。
该系统中的浓度测量通过反转电压进行,即在电极之间施加+300mV电压。接着得出电流时间曲线,它与双瞬态实验中的第二过渡状态的曲线相同,即通过转换在测量阶段所测的电流i,可以获得ln(i/iss-1)随时间变化的曲线,它具有-4pi^2D/l^2的斜率和ln(4)的截距。因而可以利用正常分析得出葡萄糖的浓度。
在某些情况下难于或不可能知道电化学电池中电极间的距离。例如,很难重复制造或测量非常小的间隔(大约10微米)。在这些情况下,如果其中一个电池在加入样品之前含有已知浓度的分析物或者相应的还原介体,则可以利用来自两个邻接电池的信息,计算样品中分析物的浓度,而无须知道电池的间隔。或者,也可以在向电池中加入样品之前,向将用于两电池之一的样品中加入已知量的该分析物或还原介体。另一种替代方法是,如果两个电池都含有一定浓度的分析物或还原介体,但是每个电池具有的浓度不同。再一个替代方法是,如果向两等份样品中加入两份不同既定量的分析物或还原介体,然后将该两等份样品加入邻接电池。
然后以通常方式利用这两个电化学电池,并且在每个电池中测量下列参数:稳态电流(iss)和由ln(i/iss-1)随时间变化曲线限定的直线的斜率,其中i为所测电流。当知道这些值以及知道两个电池中的分析物或还原介体的浓度差之后(其浓度是已知的,它等于特意加入一个电池中的值),就有可能计算出样品中分析物或还原介体的浓度,而无须知道电极的间隔距离。
上述结构可以与一个第三电池结合使用,该第三电池用于测量由于如下原因引起的背景电流或浓度:例如,通过施加和干燥化学品形成的还原介体,金属表面的催化作用,金属表面的氧化,影响分析物或介体的样品成分,样品的电化学响应成分等等。从上述两个电池所测量的值中减去该背景浓度或电流,对于每个电池计算出样品中分析物所产生的真实值,在其中一种情况下还计算出特意加入电池或样品中的分析物或还原介体所产生的真实值。
本领域技术人员根据此处教导会很清楚,此方法适于与自动测量设备一起使用。所述种类的电池可以用电连接方式连接至配有微处理器的装置或者用以使所需测量进行所需计算并显示其结果的其它编程电子控制和显示电路。除了可以测量血液中葡萄糖浓度之外,此方法还可以用于测量液体中其它分析物的浓度。
本方法可以使用其它方案和/或结构的电池,以及使用不同于例示的已知催化剂和氧化还原引发系统来实施。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于测定在样品中的还原或氧化形态的氧化还原物质的浓度的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(a)在第一电化学电池的工作电极和反电极之间施加电压,其中这些电极被隔开,使得反应产物从反电极通过扩散到达工作电极,且工作电极的电位使得还原或氧化形态的氧化还原物质的电解氧化速率受扩散控制;
(b)在施加电压之后并且在达到稳定状态之前,测定作为时间函数的电流;
(c)估算稳态电流的强度;
(d)中断或者重新施加电压,或者反转电压极性;
(e)重复步骤(b)和步骤(c);以及
(f)利用包含已知浓度的氧化还原物质或已知浓度的还原的氧化还原介体的第二电池校准第一电池。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在步骤(d)中反转其极性。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中电极间隔小于500微米。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中电极间隔小于200微米。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中工作电极在平行于且面向反电极延伸的平面的平面内延伸。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中电压重复反转,且由每次反转之前测得结果的平均值计算物质浓度。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中第一电池中含有酶和氧化还原介体。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中第一电池中含有葡萄糖氧化酶。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中第一电池中含有氰铁酸盐。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中还包括以下步骤:使氧化还原物质与催化酶和氧化还原介体反应,且所述方法还包括使电池工作在比氧化还原反应电位高的电位,以使过氧化氢在阳极处氧化的前置步骤。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中向第一电池加入含有催化剂的样品,使催化剂反应以生成电化学可氧化的物质或电化学可还原的物质,该方法还包括如下步骤:
(g)在填充电池之前或其间,在电极之间施加电压;
(h)测量作为时间函数的电流的变化;
(i)根据步骤(h)中的测量结果确定或预测所述反应基本上完成的时间和/或在所述反应基本上完成时测得的电流的大小;以及
(j)中断或者重新施加电压,或者反转电压极性;
(k)在重新施加电压或反转电压之后并且在达到稳定状态之前,测定作为时间函数的电流;
(l)估算稳态电流的强度;
(m)基于步骤(i)、(k)、(l)的结果估算样品中催化剂的浓度。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中在步骤(g)和(i)之间,在电极之间连续地施加电压。
13.一种用于测定在样品中的还原或氧化形态的氧化还原物质的浓度的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(a)在电化学电池的工作电极和反电极之间施加电压,其中这些电极被隔开,使得反应产物从反电极通过扩散到达工作电极,且工作电极的电位使得还原或氧化形态的氧化还原物质的电解氧化速率受扩散控制;
(b)在施加电压之后并且在达到稳定状态之前,测定作为时间函数的电流;
(c)估算稳态电流的强度;
(d)中断或者重新施加电压,或者反转电压极性;
(e)重复步骤(b)和步骤(c);以及
(f)向样品加入已知浓度的氧化还原物质或已知浓度的还原的介质,对电化学电池进行校准。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中在步骤(d)中反转其极性。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中电极间隔小于500微米。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中电极间隔小于200微米。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中工作电极在平行于且面向反电极延伸的平面的平面内延伸。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中电压重复反转,由每次反转之前测得结果的平均值计算物质浓度。
19.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中电池中含有酶和氧化还原介体。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中电池中含有葡萄糖氧化酶。
21.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中电池中含有氰铁酸盐。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中还包括以下步骤:使氧化还原物质与催化酶和氧化还原介体反应,且所述方法还包括使电池工作在比氧化还原反应电位高的电位,以使过氧化氢在阳极处氧化的前置步骤。
23.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中向电池加入含有催化剂的样品,使催化剂反应以生成电化学可氧化的物质或电化学可还原的物质,该方法还包括如下步骤:
(g)在填充电池之前或其间,在电极之间施加电压;
(h)测量作为时间函数的电流的变化;
(i)根据步骤(b)中的测量结果确定或预测所述反应基本上完成的时间和/或在所述反应基本上完成时测得的电流的大小;以及
(j)中断或者重新施加电压,或者反转电压极性;
(k)在重新施加电压或反转电压之后并且在达到稳定状态之前,测定作为时间函数的电流;
(l)估算稳态电流的强度;
(m)基于步骤(i)、(k)、(l)的结果估算样品中催化剂的浓度。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中在步骤(g)和(i)之间,在电极之间连续地施加电压。
CNB031061702A 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学方法 Expired - Lifetime CN100409008C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPN6619A AUPN661995A0 (en) 1995-11-16 1995-11-16 Electrochemical cell 2
AUPN6619 1995-11-16

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN96199076A Division CN1105304C (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 在电化学电池中测定氧化还原物质的浓度的方法

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2006100999622A Division CN1932500B (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1445541A true CN1445541A (zh) 2003-10-01
CN100409008C CN100409008C (zh) 2008-08-06

Family

ID=3790943

Family Applications (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN96199076A Expired - Lifetime CN1105304C (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 在电化学电池中测定氧化还原物质的浓度的方法
CNA2005101140791A Pending CN1763518A (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学电池
CN2006100999622A Expired - Lifetime CN1932500B (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学方法
CN96199077A Expired - Lifetime CN1104645C (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学电池
CNB991231090A Expired - Lifetime CN1160564C (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学传感器
CNB031061702A Expired - Lifetime CN100409008C (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学方法
CNA2006100998297A Pending CN1928541A (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学电池
CN03103571XA Expired - Lifetime CN1445540B (zh) 1995-11-16 2003-01-29 电化学电池

Family Applications Before (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN96199076A Expired - Lifetime CN1105304C (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 在电化学电池中测定氧化还原物质的浓度的方法
CNA2005101140791A Pending CN1763518A (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学电池
CN2006100999622A Expired - Lifetime CN1932500B (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学方法
CN96199077A Expired - Lifetime CN1104645C (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学电池
CNB991231090A Expired - Lifetime CN1160564C (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学传感器

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA2006100998297A Pending CN1928541A (zh) 1995-11-16 1996-11-15 电化学电池
CN03103571XA Expired - Lifetime CN1445540B (zh) 1995-11-16 2003-01-29 电化学电池

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (3) US6179979B1 (zh)
EP (5) EP1236995A1 (zh)
JP (2) JP2000500572A (zh)
KR (5) KR100468550B1 (zh)
CN (8) CN1105304C (zh)
AT (4) ATE242477T1 (zh)
AU (3) AUPN661995A0 (zh)
BR (2) BR9611514A (zh)
CA (3) CA2236850C (zh)
DE (3) DE69628588T2 (zh)
DK (4) DK0923722T3 (zh)
ES (4) ES2384166T3 (zh)
HK (6) HK1018096A1 (zh)
IL (5) IL132089A (zh)
RU (4) RU2202781C2 (zh)
WO (2) WO1997018464A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102121914B (zh) * 2010-01-11 2013-09-11 明志科技大学 电化学供电方法及其装置
WO2022033395A1 (zh) * 2020-08-14 2022-02-17 南京原码科技合伙企业(有限合伙) 一种病原微生物的快速浓缩装置及方法

Families Citing this family (301)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6413410B1 (en) * 1996-06-19 2002-07-02 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical cell
AUPN661995A0 (en) * 1995-11-16 1995-12-07 Memtec America Corporation Electrochemical cell 2
US6863801B2 (en) * 1995-11-16 2005-03-08 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical cell
AUPP238898A0 (en) * 1998-03-12 1998-04-09 Usf Filtration And Separations Group Inc. Heated electrochemical cell
US6638415B1 (en) 1995-11-16 2003-10-28 Lifescan, Inc. Antioxidant sensor
US6632349B1 (en) * 1996-11-15 2003-10-14 Lifescan, Inc. Hemoglobin sensor
ATE227844T1 (de) * 1997-02-06 2002-11-15 Therasense Inc Kleinvolumiger sensor zur in-vitro bestimmung
AUPO581397A0 (en) * 1997-03-21 1997-04-17 Memtec America Corporation Sensor connection means
AUPO585797A0 (en) 1997-03-25 1997-04-24 Memtec America Corporation Improved electrochemical cell
AU781184B2 (en) * 1997-08-13 2005-05-12 Lifescan, Inc. Method and apparatus for automatic analysis
AU758963B2 (en) * 1997-08-13 2003-04-03 Lifescan, Inc. Method and apparatus for automatic analysis
AUPO855897A0 (en) 1997-08-13 1997-09-04 Usf Filtration And Separations Group Inc. Automatic analysing apparatus II
US6036924A (en) 1997-12-04 2000-03-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Cassette of lancet cartridges for sampling blood
DE19753847A1 (de) 1997-12-04 1999-06-10 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Analytisches Testelement mit Kapillarkanal
DE19753850A1 (de) 1997-12-04 1999-06-10 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Probennahmevorrichtung
US5997817A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-12-07 Roche Diagnostics Corporation Electrochemical biosensor test strip
US7407811B2 (en) * 1997-12-22 2008-08-05 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for analyte measurement using AC excitation
US8071384B2 (en) 1997-12-22 2011-12-06 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Control and calibration solutions and methods for their use
US7390667B2 (en) * 1997-12-22 2008-06-24 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for analyte measurement using AC phase angle measurements
AU743852B2 (en) * 1998-03-12 2002-02-07 Lifescan, Inc. Heated electrochemical cell
US6878251B2 (en) * 1998-03-12 2005-04-12 Lifescan, Inc. Heated electrochemical cell
AU779350B2 (en) * 1998-03-12 2005-01-20 Lifescan, Inc. Heated electrochemical cell
US6475360B1 (en) 1998-03-12 2002-11-05 Lifescan, Inc. Heated electrochemical cell
US6652734B1 (en) 1999-03-16 2003-11-25 Lifescan, Inc. Sensor with improved shelf life
US6391005B1 (en) 1998-03-30 2002-05-21 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for penetration with shaft having a sensor for sensing penetration depth
US6338790B1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2002-01-15 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
US6591125B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2003-07-08 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
US6475372B1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2002-11-05 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical methods and devices for use in the determination of hematocrit corrected analyte concentrations
US6193873B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2001-02-27 Lifescan, Inc. Sample detection to initiate timing of an electrochemical assay
EP1192269A2 (en) * 1999-06-18 2002-04-03 Therasense, Inc. MASS TRANSPORT LIMITED i IN VIVO /i ANALYTE SENSOR
US20050103624A1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2005-05-19 Bhullar Raghbir S. Biosensor and method of making
US7276146B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2007-10-02 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Electrodes, methods, apparatuses comprising micro-electrode arrays
EP2889611B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2019-09-04 PHC Holdings Corporation Biosensor and measurement apparatus.
US6676815B1 (en) 1999-12-30 2004-01-13 Roche Diagnostics Corporation Cell for electrochemical analysis of a sample
US6716577B1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2004-04-06 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical test strip for use in analyte determination
US6612111B1 (en) 2000-03-27 2003-09-02 Lifescan, Inc. Method and device for sampling and analyzing interstitial fluid and whole blood samples
US6571651B1 (en) * 2000-03-27 2003-06-03 Lifescan, Inc. Method of preventing short sampling of a capillary or wicking fill device
PT1269173E (pt) * 2000-03-28 2005-10-31 Diabetes Diagnostics Inc Sensor de glucose de resposta rapida
US6908593B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2005-06-21 Lifescan, Inc. Capillary flow control in a fluidic diagnostic device
IL151914A0 (en) * 2000-03-31 2003-04-10 Lifescan Inc Electrically-conductive patterns for monitoring the filling of medical devices
US6488827B1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2002-12-03 Lifescan, Inc. Capillary flow control in a medical diagnostic device
CA2407973C (en) 2000-05-03 2011-06-07 Jen-Jr Gau Biological identification system with integrated sensor chip
CZ2003409A3 (cs) * 2000-07-14 2003-10-15 Lifescan, Inc. Elektrochemický způsob měření rychlostí chemických reakcí
AU2006203606B2 (en) * 2000-07-14 2007-05-17 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
US6444115B1 (en) 2000-07-14 2002-09-03 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
RU2278612C2 (ru) 2000-07-14 2006-06-27 Лайфскен, Инк. Иммуносенсор
CA2733852A1 (en) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-24 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
AU2007209797B2 (en) * 2000-07-14 2010-06-03 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
RU2282571C2 (ru) * 2000-08-29 2006-08-27 Сосьете Де Продюи Нестле С.А. Контейнер для хранения продуктов и способ его изготовления
US7182853B2 (en) 2000-09-22 2007-02-27 University Of Dayton Redox control/monitoring platform for high throughput screening/drug discovery applications
US8641644B2 (en) 2000-11-21 2014-02-04 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Blood testing apparatus having a rotatable cartridge with multiple lancing elements and testing means
DE10057832C1 (de) 2000-11-21 2002-02-21 Hartmann Paul Ag Blutanalysegerät
EP1256798A4 (en) * 2000-11-30 2009-05-20 Panasonic Corp BIOSENSOR, MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR BIOSENSOR, AND METHOD FOR MEASURING SUBSTRATE
US6620310B1 (en) 2000-12-13 2003-09-16 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical coagulation assay and device
US7144495B2 (en) 2000-12-13 2006-12-05 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical test strip with an integrated micro-needle and associated methods
US6558528B1 (en) 2000-12-20 2003-05-06 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical test strip cards that include an integral dessicant
WO2002057768A1 (en) * 2001-01-17 2002-07-25 Arkray, Inc. Quantitative analyzing method and quantitative analyzer using sensor
US6572745B2 (en) * 2001-03-23 2003-06-03 Virotek, L.L.C. Electrochemical sensor and method thereof
US6855243B2 (en) * 2001-04-27 2005-02-15 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical test strip having a plurality of reaction chambers and methods for using the same
US6896778B2 (en) 2001-06-04 2005-05-24 Epocal Inc. Electrode module
US7749174B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2010-07-06 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for lancet launching device intergrated onto a blood-sampling cartridge
US7699791B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2010-04-20 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving success rate of blood yield from a fingerstick
US6875613B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2005-04-05 Lifescan, Inc. Biological fluid constituent sampling and measurement devices and methods
US9226699B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2016-01-05 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Body fluid sampling module with a continuous compression tissue interface surface
US7981056B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-07-19 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation
US7033371B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2006-04-25 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Electric lancet actuator
US9795747B2 (en) 2010-06-02 2017-10-24 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation
US7041068B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2006-05-09 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Sampling module device and method
US7344507B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2008-03-18 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for lancet actuation
DE60234597D1 (de) 2001-06-12 2010-01-14 Pelikan Technologies Inc Gerät und verfahren zur entnahme von blutproben
US8337419B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2012-12-25 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
CA2448902C (en) 2001-06-12 2010-09-07 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Self optimizing lancing device with adaptation means to temporal variations in cutaneous properties
US6793632B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2004-09-21 Lifescan, Inc. Percutaneous biological fluid constituent sampling and measurement devices and methods
US6837988B2 (en) * 2001-06-12 2005-01-04 Lifescan, Inc. Biological fluid sampling and analyte measurement devices and methods
US6721586B2 (en) * 2001-06-12 2004-04-13 Lifescan, Inc. Percutaneous biological fluid sampling and analyte measurement devices and methods
US9427532B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2016-08-30 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US6501976B1 (en) 2001-06-12 2002-12-31 Lifescan, Inc. Percutaneous biological fluid sampling and analyte measurement devices and methods
US7879211B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2011-02-01 Arkray, Inc. Analyzing instrument, lancet-integrated attachment for concentration measuring device provided with analyzing instrument, and body fluid sampling tool
US20030036202A1 (en) 2001-08-01 2003-02-20 Maria Teodorcyzk Methods and devices for use in analyte concentration determination assays
RU2297696C2 (ru) * 2001-10-10 2007-04-20 Лайфскен, Инк. Электрохимическая ячейка
US6939310B2 (en) 2001-10-10 2005-09-06 Lifescan, Inc. Devices for physiological fluid sampling and methods of using the same
US7018843B2 (en) * 2001-11-07 2006-03-28 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Instrument
EP1448489B1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2010-08-25 Stefan Ufer Flexible sensor and method of fabrication
US20030116447A1 (en) 2001-11-16 2003-06-26 Surridge Nigel A. Electrodes, methods, apparatuses comprising micro-electrode arrays
US6749887B1 (en) 2001-11-28 2004-06-15 Lifescan, Inc. Solution drying system
US6689411B2 (en) 2001-11-28 2004-02-10 Lifescan, Inc. Solution striping system
US6856125B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2005-02-15 Lifescan, Inc. Biosensor apparatus and method with sample type and volume detection
US6946067B2 (en) * 2002-01-04 2005-09-20 Lifescan, Inc. Method of forming an electrical connection between an electrochemical cell and a meter
US6872358B2 (en) 2002-01-16 2005-03-29 Lifescan, Inc. Test strip dispenser
US8260393B2 (en) 2003-07-25 2012-09-04 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for replacing signal data artifacts in a glucose sensor data stream
US8010174B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2011-08-30 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for replacing signal artifacts in a glucose sensor data stream
US20030180814A1 (en) * 2002-03-21 2003-09-25 Alastair Hodges Direct immunosensor assay
US20060134713A1 (en) 2002-03-21 2006-06-22 Lifescan, Inc. Biosensor apparatus and methods of use
US20030186446A1 (en) 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Jerry Pugh Test strip containers and methods of using the same
US7674232B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2010-03-09 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7331931B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2008-02-19 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US8267870B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2012-09-18 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for body fluid sampling with hybrid actuation
US7291117B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-11-06 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US8221334B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2012-07-17 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7976476B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-07-12 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Device and method for variable speed lancet
US7481776B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2009-01-27 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US6942770B2 (en) * 2002-04-19 2005-09-13 Nova Biomedical Corporation Disposable sub-microliter volume biosensor with enhanced sample inlet
US7892183B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-02-22 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for body fluid sampling and analyte sensing
US8784335B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2014-07-22 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Body fluid sampling device with a capacitive sensor
US7901362B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-03-08 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7648468B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2010-01-19 Pelikon Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7371247B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2008-05-13 Pelikan Technologies, Inc Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US9248267B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2016-02-02 Sanofi-Aventis Deustchland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US7297122B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-11-20 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US9314194B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2016-04-19 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US6837976B2 (en) * 2002-04-19 2005-01-04 Nova Biomedical Corporation Disposable sensor with enhanced sample port inlet
US7491178B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2009-02-17 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US8702624B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2014-04-22 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Analyte measurement device with a single shot actuator
US9795334B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2017-10-24 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7232451B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-06-19 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7547287B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2009-06-16 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7229458B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-06-12 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7226461B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-06-05 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for a multi-use body fluid sampling device with sterility barrier release
US7717863B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2010-05-18 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US8579831B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2013-11-12 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7909778B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-03-22 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7343188B2 (en) * 2002-05-09 2008-03-11 Lifescan, Inc. Devices and methods for accessing and analyzing physiological fluid
GB0211449D0 (en) * 2002-05-17 2002-06-26 Oxford Biosensors Ltd Analyte measurement
US7291256B2 (en) 2002-09-12 2007-11-06 Lifescan, Inc. Mediator stabilized reagent compositions and methods for their use in electrochemical analyte detection assays
US9017544B2 (en) 2002-10-04 2015-04-28 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Determining blood glucose in a small volume sample receiving cavity and in a short time period
US7118916B2 (en) * 2002-10-21 2006-10-10 Lifescan, Inc. Method of reducing analysis time of endpoint-type reaction profiles
US8574895B2 (en) 2002-12-30 2013-11-05 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus using optical techniques to measure analyte levels
US7144485B2 (en) * 2003-01-13 2006-12-05 Hmd Biomedical Inc. Strips for analyzing samples
WO2004107964A2 (en) 2003-06-06 2004-12-16 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Blood harvesting device with electronic control
WO2006001797A1 (en) 2004-06-14 2006-01-05 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Low pain penetrating
US8679853B2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2014-03-25 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Biosensor with laser-sealed capillary space and method of making
US7597793B2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2009-10-06 Roche Operations Ltd. System and method for analyte measurement employing maximum dosing time delay
US7452457B2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2008-11-18 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for analyte measurement using dose sufficiency electrodes
US8058077B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2011-11-15 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Method for coding information on a biosensor test strip
US8071030B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2011-12-06 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Test strip with flared sample receiving chamber
US7645421B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2010-01-12 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for coding information on a biosensor test strip
US7718439B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2010-05-18 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for coding information on a biosensor test strip
US8506775B2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2013-08-13 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Devices and methods relating to electrochemical biosensors
US7488601B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2009-02-10 Roche Diagnostic Operations, Inc. System and method for determining an abused sensor during analyte measurement
US8206565B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2012-06-26 Roche Diagnostics Operation, Inc. System and method for coding information on a biosensor test strip
US8148164B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2012-04-03 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample fluid
US7645373B2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2010-01-12 Roche Diagnostic Operations, Inc. System and method for coding information on a biosensor test strip
JP2007524816A (ja) 2003-06-20 2007-08-30 エフ ホフマン−ラ ロッシュ アクチェン ゲゼルシャフト 細い均一な試薬ストリップの製造方法およびその試薬
US7220034B2 (en) * 2003-07-11 2007-05-22 Rudolph Technologies, Inc. Fiber optic darkfield ring light
US8282549B2 (en) 2003-12-09 2012-10-09 Dexcom, Inc. Signal processing for continuous analyte sensor
US20190357827A1 (en) 2003-08-01 2019-11-28 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
ES2709991T3 (es) 2003-08-21 2019-04-22 Agamatrix Inc Método y aparato para el análisis de propiedades electroquímicas
US20140121989A1 (en) 2003-08-22 2014-05-01 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for processing analyte sensor data
WO2005033659A2 (en) 2003-09-29 2005-04-14 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for an improved sample capture device
JP4458802B2 (ja) * 2003-10-02 2010-04-28 パナソニック株式会社 血液中のグルコースの測定方法およびそれに用いるセンサ
US9351680B2 (en) 2003-10-14 2016-05-31 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for a variable user interface
US8364231B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-01-29 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8774886B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2014-07-08 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
EP1706026B1 (en) 2003-12-31 2017-03-01 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Method and apparatus for improving fluidic flow and sample capture
US7822454B1 (en) 2005-01-03 2010-10-26 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Fluid sampling device with improved analyte detecting member configuration
BRPI0507376A (pt) 2004-02-06 2007-07-10 Bayer Healthcare Llc espécie oxidável como uma referência interna para biossensores e método de uso
CN100370249C (zh) * 2004-03-04 2008-02-20 五鼎生物技术股份有限公司 一种降低电流式生物传感器测量偏差的方法
US9101302B2 (en) * 2004-05-03 2015-08-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte test device
RU2386960C2 (ru) 2004-05-14 2010-04-20 БАЙЕР ХЕЛТКЭР ЭлЭлСи Вольтамперометрическая система для анализа биологических анализируемых веществ
US8828203B2 (en) 2004-05-20 2014-09-09 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Printable hydrogels for biosensors
CN103954668B (zh) 2004-05-21 2016-11-23 埃葛梅崔克斯股份有限公司 电化学电池和生产电化学电池的方法
US9775553B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2017-10-03 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for a fluid sampling device
US9820684B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2017-11-21 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for a fluid sampling device
US7556723B2 (en) * 2004-06-18 2009-07-07 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Electrode design for biosensor
US7569126B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2009-08-04 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for quality assurance of a biosensor test strip
US20060002817A1 (en) 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Sebastian Bohm Flow modulation devices
US20060000710A1 (en) 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Klaus Peter Weidenhaupt Fluid handling methods
US7512432B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2009-03-31 Abbott Laboratories Sensor array
JP2006170974A (ja) 2004-12-15 2006-06-29 F Hoffmann-La Roche Ag 分析試験エレメント上での液体試料の分析用分析システム
US8652831B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2014-02-18 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for analyte measurement test time
ATE372515T1 (de) * 2005-03-03 2007-09-15 Apex Biotechnology Corp Methode zur reduzierung der messabweichung von amperometrischen biosensoren
US7517439B2 (en) * 2005-04-15 2009-04-14 Agamatrix, Inc. Error detection in analyte measurements based on measurement of system resistance
US7547382B2 (en) * 2005-04-15 2009-06-16 Agamatrix, Inc. Determination of partial fill in electrochemical strips
US7645374B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2010-01-12 Agamatrix, Inc. Method for determination of analyte concentrations and related apparatus
US7964089B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2011-06-21 Agamatrix, Inc. Analyte determination method and analyte meter
US7344626B2 (en) * 2005-04-15 2008-03-18 Agamatrix, Inc. Method and apparatus for detection of abnormal traces during electrochemical analyte detection
GB0509919D0 (en) * 2005-05-16 2005-06-22 Ralph Ellerker 1795 Ltd Improvements to door closure system
US8192599B2 (en) * 2005-05-25 2012-06-05 Universal Biosensors Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for electrochemical analysis
US8323464B2 (en) 2005-05-25 2012-12-04 Universal Biosensors Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for electrochemical analysis
US8016154B2 (en) * 2005-05-25 2011-09-13 Lifescan, Inc. Sensor dispenser device and method of use
CN103558284B (zh) 2005-07-20 2017-04-12 安晟信医疗科技控股公司 门控电流分析法
US8298389B2 (en) 2005-09-12 2012-10-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. In vitro analyte sensor, and methods
US7846311B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2010-12-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. In vitro analyte sensor and methods of use
CN101273266B (zh) 2005-09-30 2012-08-22 拜尔健康护理有限责任公司 门控伏特安培法
US7749371B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2010-07-06 Lifescan, Inc. Method and apparatus for rapid electrochemical analysis
US8529751B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2013-09-10 Lifescan, Inc. Systems and methods for discriminating control solution from a physiological sample
US8163162B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2012-04-24 Lifescan, Inc. Methods and apparatus for analyzing a sample in the presence of interferents
GB0607205D0 (en) * 2006-04-10 2006-05-17 Diagnoswiss Sa Miniaturised biosensor with optimized anperimetric detection
DE102006043718B4 (de) * 2006-09-18 2014-12-31 Alexander Adlassnig Bestimmung von Wasserstoffperoxidkonzentrationen
EP1909096A1 (en) * 2006-10-04 2008-04-09 Infopia Co., Ltd. Biosensor
EP2074415A1 (en) * 2006-10-05 2009-07-01 Lifescan Scotland Limited A test strip comprising patterned electrodes
WO2008040998A2 (en) * 2006-10-05 2008-04-10 Lifescan Scotland Limited Systems and methods for determining a substantially hematocrit independent analyte concentration
US9046480B2 (en) 2006-10-05 2015-06-02 Lifescan Scotland Limited Method for determining hematocrit corrected analyte concentrations
ATE534901T1 (de) * 2006-10-05 2011-12-15 Lifescan Scotland Ltd Elektrochemische verfahren und vorrichtungen zur verwendung bei der messung von analytkonzentrationen mit korrigiertem hämatokritwert
ES2544353T3 (es) * 2006-10-05 2015-08-28 Lifescan Scotland Ltd Métodos para determinar una concentración de analitos usando algoritmos de procesamiento de señales
WO2008049075A2 (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-04-24 Agamatrix, Inc. Electrochemical determination of analytes
US7846321B2 (en) * 2006-10-18 2010-12-07 Agamatrix, Inc. Error detection in analyte measurements based on measurement of system resistance
ES2825036T3 (es) 2006-10-24 2021-05-14 Ascensia Diabetes Care Holdings Ag Amperometría de decaimiento transitorio
US7646166B2 (en) * 2006-12-06 2010-01-12 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method and apparatus for modeling diffusion in an electrochemical system
US8808515B2 (en) * 2007-01-31 2014-08-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Heterocyclic nitrogen containing polymers coated analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US7875461B2 (en) 2007-07-24 2011-01-25 Lifescan Scotland Limited Test strip and connector
US8088272B2 (en) * 2007-07-26 2012-01-03 Nipro Diagnostics, Inc. System and methods for determination of analyte concentration using time resolved amperometry
US8101062B2 (en) * 2007-07-26 2012-01-24 Nipro Diagnostics, Inc. System and methods for determination of analyte concentration using time resolved amperometry
CN101377473B (zh) * 2007-08-31 2012-04-25 中国科学院过程工程研究所 一种快速的定量电分析方法
US7943022B2 (en) 2007-09-04 2011-05-17 Lifescan, Inc. Analyte test strip with improved reagent deposition
EP3660499A1 (en) * 2007-09-24 2020-06-03 Ascensia Diabetes Care Holdings AG Multi-electrode test sensor
US8778168B2 (en) * 2007-09-28 2014-07-15 Lifescan, Inc. Systems and methods of discriminating control solution from a physiological sample
TWI516601B (zh) * 2007-10-26 2016-01-11 環球生物醫療感測器私人有限公司 電化學檢測之裝置及方法
US8001825B2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2011-08-23 Lifescan, Inc. Auto-calibrating metering system and method of use
WO2009076302A1 (en) 2007-12-10 2009-06-18 Bayer Healthcare Llc Control markers for auto-detection of control solution and methods of use
BRPI0820718A2 (pt) * 2007-12-10 2015-06-16 Bayer Healthcare Llc Amperometria com porta de leitura rápida
US8513371B2 (en) * 2007-12-31 2013-08-20 Bridgestone Corporation Amino alkoxy-modified silsesquioxanes and method of preparation
US8603768B2 (en) 2008-01-17 2013-12-10 Lifescan, Inc. System and method for measuring an analyte in a sample
CN102065764A (zh) * 2008-03-17 2011-05-18 艾森斯公司 分析物传感器子组件、用于插入与之关联的分析物传感器的方法和装置
WO2009126900A1 (en) 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for analyte detecting device
US8551320B2 (en) 2008-06-09 2013-10-08 Lifescan, Inc. System and method for measuring an analyte in a sample
CN103760213B (zh) 2008-07-10 2016-04-13 拜尔健康护理有限责任公司 具有电流分析法及伏安分析法的工作循环的系统及方法
MX2011006046A (es) * 2008-12-08 2011-07-20 Bayer Healthcare Llc Composiciones de reactivo con una concentracion baja de sal total y sistemas para biosensores.
US9375169B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2016-06-28 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Cam drive for managing disposable penetrating member actions with a single motor and motor and control system
US20100213057A1 (en) 2009-02-26 2010-08-26 Benjamin Feldman Self-Powered Analyte Sensor
US20100219085A1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-02 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Analyte Sensor Offset Normalization
RU2489089C2 (ru) * 2009-03-16 2013-08-10 АРКРЭЙ, Инк. Способ непрерывного измерения концентрации субстрата
TWI388823B (zh) 2009-04-09 2013-03-11 Bionime Corp 一種判斷樣品佈滿狀況的偵測方法
EP2455875A3 (en) * 2009-06-30 2013-01-16 Lifescan Scotland Limited System and method for diabetes management
JP2012532323A (ja) * 2009-06-30 2012-12-13 ライフスキャン・インコーポレイテッド 分析物試験方法及びシステム
WO2011008520A2 (en) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-20 Lifescan, Inc. Analyte testing methods and device for calculating basal insulin therapy
CA2767950C (en) 2009-07-27 2019-11-12 Suresensors Ltd Improvements relating to sensor devices
KR101102525B1 (ko) * 2009-09-03 2012-01-03 한국수력원자력 주식회사 전기화학적 수화학 기술을 이용한 고온 냉각수의 화학상태 감지방법
JP5657678B2 (ja) * 2009-09-29 2015-01-21 ライフスキャン・スコットランド・リミテッドLifeScan Scotland, Ltd. 糖尿病管理のための分析物試験方法及びデバイス
US8221994B2 (en) * 2009-09-30 2012-07-17 Cilag Gmbh International Adhesive composition for use in an immunosensor
US8101065B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2012-01-24 Lifescan, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for improving accuracy of biosensors using fill time
US8877034B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2014-11-04 Lifescan, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for measuring whole blood hematocrit based on initial fill velocity
US8742773B2 (en) 2010-02-25 2014-06-03 Lifescan Scotland Limited Capacitance detection in electrochemical assay with improved response
US20110208435A1 (en) 2010-02-25 2011-08-25 Lifescan Scotland Ltd. Capacitance detection in electrochemical assays
AU2010346624A1 (en) 2010-02-25 2012-09-06 Lifescan Scotland Limited Analyte testing method and system with safety warnings for insulin dosing
ES2456899T3 (es) 2010-02-25 2014-04-23 Lifescan Scotland Limited Detección de capacitancia en ensayo electroquímico
US9563743B2 (en) 2010-02-25 2017-02-07 Lifescan Scotland Limited Analyte testing method and system with high and low blood glucose trends notification
US8773106B2 (en) 2010-02-25 2014-07-08 Lifescan Scotland Limited Capacitance detection in electrochemical assay with improved sampling time offset
US8965476B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2015-02-24 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
KR102068949B1 (ko) 2010-06-07 2020-01-21 바이엘 헬쓰케어 엘엘씨 2차 출력 신호를 포함하는 기울기-기반 보상
BR112013000084A2 (pt) * 2010-06-30 2020-09-29 Lifescan Scotland Limited método, sistema e dispositivo para assegurar poder estatístico para mensagens de diferença de glicose pré- e pós-prandial médias
EP2595526A4 (en) 2010-07-19 2016-07-13 Cilag Gmbh Int SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING AN ANALYZES IN A SAMPLE
EP2601520B1 (en) 2010-08-02 2014-05-14 Cilag GmbH International Method for improved accuracy for temperature correction of glucose results for control solution
US8468680B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2013-06-25 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Biosensor test member and method for making the same
WO2012037486A1 (en) 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Agamatrix, Inc. Method and apparatus for encoding test strips
US8603323B2 (en) * 2010-09-20 2013-12-10 Lifescan, Inc. Apparatus and process for improved measurements of a monitoring device
US8617370B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2013-12-31 Cilag Gmbh International Systems and methods of discriminating between a control sample and a test fluid using capacitance
US8932445B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2015-01-13 Cilag Gmbh International Systems and methods for improved stability of electrochemical sensors
US20120122197A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-17 Abner David Jospeh Inkjet reagent deposition for biosensor manufacturing
WO2012066278A1 (en) 2010-11-15 2012-05-24 Lifescan Scotland Limited Server-side initiated communication with analyte meter-side completed data transfer
EP2661616B1 (en) 2011-01-06 2015-11-18 Pepex Biomedical, Inc. Sensor module with enhanced capillary flow
WO2012142502A2 (en) 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Dexcom Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
KR101956581B1 (ko) * 2011-05-27 2019-03-11 라이프스캔 스코트랜드 리미티드 분석물 검사 스트립을 위한 피크 오프셋 보정
CA2838797C (en) 2011-07-27 2020-03-10 Agamatrix, Inc. Dry reagent comprising tetramethylammonium ferricyanide for electrochemical test strips
US9903830B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2018-02-27 Lifescan Scotland Limited Accurate analyte measurements for electrochemical test strip based on sensed physical characteristic(s) of the sample containing the analyte
CN104203097B (zh) 2012-03-30 2017-10-24 生命扫描苏格兰有限公司 医疗监测中的电池状态检测和存储方法以及系统
US9201038B2 (en) * 2012-07-24 2015-12-01 Lifescan Scotland Limited System and methods to account for interferents in a glucose biosensor
ES2865440T3 (es) 2012-08-15 2021-10-15 Lockheed Martin Energy Llc Hexacianuros de hierro de alta solubilidad
JP6246211B2 (ja) 2012-09-07 2017-12-13 シラグ・ゲーエムベーハー・インターナショナルCilag GMBH International 電気化学センサ及びそれらの製造のための方法
US9494555B2 (en) 2012-09-24 2016-11-15 Cilag Gmbh International System and method for measuring an analyte in a sample and calculating glucose results to account for physical characteristics of the sample
US9005426B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2015-04-14 Cilag Gmbh International System and method for determining hematocrit insensitive glucose concentration
US9080196B2 (en) * 2012-09-28 2015-07-14 Cilag Gmbh International System and method for determining hematocrit insensitive glucose concentration
US8926369B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2015-01-06 Lifescan Scotland Limited Electrical connector for substrate having conductive tracks
EP2746759B1 (en) * 2012-12-23 2016-09-07 Tyson Bioresearch, Inc. Method of detecting concentration of an analyte in a sample with a test strip
US9261478B2 (en) 2013-02-12 2016-02-16 Cilag Gmbh International System and method for measuring an analyte in a sample and calculating hematocrit-insensitive glucose concentrations
US10168313B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-01-01 Agamatrix, Inc. Analyte detection meter and associated method of use
US9523653B2 (en) 2013-05-09 2016-12-20 Changsha Sinocare Inc. Disposable test sensor with improved sampling entrance
KR102131408B1 (ko) 2013-06-13 2020-07-08 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 중첩형 나노 전극쌍 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 공중부유형 센서
US9482635B2 (en) 2013-06-25 2016-11-01 Animas Corporation Glucose-measurement systems and methods presenting icons
US10545132B2 (en) 2013-06-25 2020-01-28 Lifescan Ip Holdings, Llc Physiological monitoring system communicating with at least a social network
US9435762B2 (en) 2013-06-27 2016-09-06 Lifescan Scotland Limited Fill error trap for an analyte measurement determined from a specified sampling time derived from a sensed physical characteristic of the sample containing the analyte
US9835578B2 (en) 2013-06-27 2017-12-05 Lifescan Scotland Limited Temperature compensation for an analyte measurement determined from a specified sampling time derived from a sensed physical characteristic of the sample containing the analyte
US9529503B2 (en) 2013-06-27 2016-12-27 Lifescan Scotland Limited Analyte-measurement system recording user menu choices
US9435764B2 (en) 2013-06-27 2016-09-06 Lifescan Scotland Limited Transient signal error trap for an analyte measurement determined from a specified sampling time derived from a sensed physical characteristic of the sample containing the analyte
TWI576583B (zh) * 2013-08-02 2017-04-01 達爾生技股份有限公司 生化檢測試片的判斷方法
EP3032250B1 (en) 2013-08-07 2023-10-11 ARKRAY, Inc. Substance measurement method and measurement device employing electrochemical biosensor
US9243276B2 (en) 2013-08-29 2016-01-26 Lifescan Scotland Limited Method and system to determine hematocrit-insensitive glucose values in a fluid sample
US9459231B2 (en) 2013-08-29 2016-10-04 Lifescan Scotland Limited Method and system to determine erroneous measurement signals during a test measurement sequence
US9828621B2 (en) 2013-09-10 2017-11-28 Lifescan Scotland Limited Anomalous signal error trap for an analyte measurement determined from a specified sampling time derived from a sensed physical characteristic of the sample containing the analyte
CA2926795C (en) 2013-10-16 2022-04-12 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Method and apparatus for measuring transient state-of-charge using inlet/outlet potentials
RU2558599C2 (ru) * 2013-10-18 2015-08-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт механики Уральского отделения РАН Способ изготовления фоточувствительной серебро-палладиевой резистивной пленки
MX2016005442A (es) 2013-11-01 2016-08-03 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage Llc Aparato y metodo para determinar el estado de carga en bateria de flujo redox mediante corrientes limitantes.
WO2015073286A1 (en) 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Methods for determining state of charge and calibrating reference electrodes in a redox flow battery
US9291593B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2016-03-22 Cilag Gmbh International Dual-chamber analytical test strip
US9518951B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2016-12-13 Changsha Sinocare Inc. Disposable test sensor with improved sampling entrance
US20150176049A1 (en) 2013-12-23 2015-06-25 Cilag Gmbh International Determining usability of analytical test strip
US9897566B2 (en) 2014-01-13 2018-02-20 Changsha Sinocare Inc. Disposable test sensor
US9939401B2 (en) 2014-02-20 2018-04-10 Changsha Sinocare Inc. Test sensor with multiple sampling routes
US20160091450A1 (en) 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Lifescan Scotland Limited Accurate analyte measurements for electrochemical test strip to determine analyte measurement time based on measured temperature, physical characteristic and estimated analyte value and their temperature compensated values
US20160091451A1 (en) 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Lifescan Scotland Limited Accurate analyte measurements for electrochemical test strip to determine analyte measurement time based on measured temperature, physical characteristic and estimated analyte value
GB2531728A (en) 2014-10-27 2016-05-04 Cilag Gmbh Int Method for determining diffusion
CN107148570A (zh) 2014-12-08 2017-09-08 洛克希德马丁尖端能量存储有限公司 结合荷电状态的原位光谱确定的电化学系统及其方法
US10197522B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2019-02-05 Materion Corporation Multilayer constructs for metabolite strips providing inert surface and mechanical advantage
US10378098B2 (en) * 2015-03-18 2019-08-13 Materion Corporation Methods for optimized production of multilayer metal/transparent conducting oxide (TCO) constructs
EP3220137B1 (en) * 2016-03-14 2019-01-23 Roche Diabetes Care GmbH Method for detecting an interferent contribution in a biosensor
JP6778058B2 (ja) * 2016-08-31 2020-10-28 シスメックス株式会社 センサアセンブリ、被検物質のモニタリングシステムおよび被検物質のモニタリング方法
US10903511B2 (en) 2016-11-29 2021-01-26 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Flow batteries having adjustable circulation rate capabilities and methods associated therewith
US11147920B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2021-10-19 Lifescan Ip Holdings, Llc Diabetes management system with automatic basal and manual bolus insulin control
EP3457121A1 (en) * 2017-09-18 2019-03-20 Roche Diabetes Care GmbH Electrochemical sensor and sensor system for detecting at least one analyte
RU2743884C1 (ru) * 2020-08-05 2021-03-01 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Техохрана» Способ и устройство обнаружения электрохимического осаждения
WO2023219648A1 (en) 2022-05-09 2023-11-16 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Flow battery with a dynamic fluidic network

Family Cites Families (191)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US453340A (en) * 1891-06-02 Wagon-bed elevator
JPS546595Y2 (zh) 1972-05-04 1979-03-28
SE399768B (sv) * 1975-09-29 1978-02-27 Lilja Jan E Kyvett for provtagning, blandning av, provet med ett reagensmedel och direkt utforande av, serskilt optisk, analys av det med reagensmedlet blandade provet
US4053381A (en) 1976-05-19 1977-10-11 Eastman Kodak Company Device for determining ionic activity of components of liquid drops
US4076596A (en) 1976-10-07 1978-02-28 Leeds & Northrup Company Apparatus for electrolytically determining a species in a fluid and method of use
JPS5912135B2 (ja) 1977-09-28 1984-03-21 松下電器産業株式会社 酵素電極
NL7903113A (nl) 1978-05-05 1979-11-07 Baker Chem Co J T Kinetische meting van glucoseconcentraties in lichaamsvloeistoffen en daartoe te gebruiken preparaten.
US4254546A (en) 1978-09-11 1981-03-10 Ses, Incorporated Photovoltaic cell array
US4254083A (en) 1979-07-23 1981-03-03 Eastman Kodak Company Structural configuration for transport of a liquid drop through an ingress aperture
US4233029A (en) 1978-10-25 1980-11-11 Eastman Kodak Company Liquid transport device and method
JPS5594560U (zh) 1978-12-20 1980-06-30
DE2913553C2 (de) 1979-04-04 1981-09-17 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim Verfahren und Reagenz zur enzymatischen Bestimmung von Enzymsubstraten
JPS5827352B2 (ja) 1979-08-31 1983-06-08 旭硝子株式会社 電極層付着イオン交換膜の製造法
US4307188A (en) 1979-09-06 1981-12-22 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Precursor indicator compositions
US4301414A (en) 1979-10-29 1981-11-17 United States Surgical Corporation Disposable sample card and method of making same
US4301412A (en) 1979-10-29 1981-11-17 United States Surgical Corporation Liquid conductivity measuring system and sample cards therefor
US4303887A (en) 1979-10-29 1981-12-01 United States Surgical Corporation Electrical liquid conductivity measuring system
US4511659A (en) 1983-03-04 1985-04-16 Esa, Inc. Liquid chromatograph with electrochemical detector and method
US4404065A (en) 1980-01-14 1983-09-13 Enviromental Sciences Associates, Inc. Electrochemical detection system and method of analysis
SE419903B (sv) 1980-03-05 1981-08-31 Enfors Sven Olof Enzymelektrod
US4629563B1 (en) 1980-03-14 1997-06-03 Memtec North America Asymmetric membranes
US4774039A (en) 1980-03-14 1988-09-27 Brunswick Corporation Dispersing casting of integral skinned highly asymmetric polymer membranes
US4404066A (en) 1980-08-25 1983-09-13 The Yellow Springs Instrument Company Method for quantitatively determining a particular substrate catalyzed by a multisubstrate enzyme
JPS6017344Y2 (ja) 1980-11-14 1985-05-28 凸版印刷株式会社 装飾磁石
JPS57118152A (en) 1981-01-14 1982-07-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Enzyme electrode
DE3103464C2 (de) 1981-02-02 1984-10-11 Gkss - Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh, 2054 Geesthacht Dichtungsrahmen für Elektrodialyse-Membranstapel
JPS612060Y2 (zh) 1981-02-09 1986-01-23
DE3110879A1 (de) 1981-03-20 1982-09-30 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Elektrochemolumineszenzzelle
DE3278334D1 (en) 1981-10-23 1988-05-19 Genetics Int Inc Sensor for components of a liquid mixture
US4431004A (en) 1981-10-27 1984-02-14 Bessman Samuel P Implantable glucose sensor
JPS593345A (ja) 1982-06-30 1984-01-10 Hitachi Ltd 妨害成分除去用電極を装備した溶存酸素計
DE3228542A1 (de) 1982-07-30 1984-02-02 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zur bestimmung der konzentration elektrochemisch umsetzbarer stoffe
US4552840A (en) 1982-12-02 1985-11-12 California And Hawaiian Sugar Company Enzyme electrode and method for dextran analysis
CA1219040A (en) 1983-05-05 1987-03-10 Elliot V. Plotkin Measurement of enzyme-catalysed reactions
US5509410A (en) 1983-06-06 1996-04-23 Medisense, Inc. Strip electrode including screen printing of a single layer
CA1226036A (en) * 1983-05-05 1987-08-25 Irving J. Higgins Analytical equipment and sensor electrodes therefor
US5682884A (en) 1983-05-05 1997-11-04 Medisense, Inc. Strip electrode with screen printing
US4533440A (en) 1983-08-04 1985-08-06 General Electric Company Method for continuous measurement of the sulfite/sulfate ratio
US4517291A (en) 1983-08-15 1985-05-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Biological detection process using polymer-coated electrodes
SE8305704D0 (sv) * 1983-10-18 1983-10-18 Leo Ab Cuvette
US4508613A (en) * 1983-12-19 1985-04-02 Gould Inc. Miniaturized potassium ion sensor
GB2154735B (en) 1984-01-27 1987-07-15 Menarini Sas Reagent for determining blood glucose content
US4591550A (en) 1984-03-01 1986-05-27 Molecular Devices Corporation Device having photoresponsive electrode for determining analytes including ligands and antibodies
US4554064A (en) 1984-03-28 1985-11-19 Imasco-Cdc Research Foundation Dual working-electrode electrochemical detector for high performance liquid chromatography
US5443710A (en) 1984-05-09 1995-08-22 Research Foundation, The City University Of New York Microelectrodes and their use in a cathodic electrochemical current arrangement with telemetric application
JPS60244853A (ja) * 1984-05-21 1985-12-04 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd バイオセンサ
JPS60250246A (ja) * 1984-05-25 1985-12-10 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd バイオセンサを用いた測定法
US5141868A (en) 1984-06-13 1992-08-25 Internationale Octrooi Maatschappij "Octropa" Bv Device for use in chemical test procedures
CA1231136A (en) 1984-06-13 1988-01-05 Ian A. Shanks Capillary action chemical test device
JPS612060A (ja) * 1984-06-15 1986-01-08 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd バイオセンサ
SE8403628D0 (sv) 1984-07-09 1984-07-09 Cerac Inst Sa Vetskefordelningsanordning vid forskremningsmaskiner
US5171689A (en) 1984-11-08 1992-12-15 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Solid state bio-sensor
JPS61198691A (ja) 1985-02-27 1986-09-03 Stanley Electric Co Ltd 発光ダイオ−ド
JPH052007Y2 (zh) 1985-04-22 1993-01-19
WO1986007632A1 (en) 1985-06-21 1986-12-31 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Biosensor and method of manufacturing same
US4664119A (en) 1985-12-04 1987-05-12 University Of Southern California Transcutaneous galvanic electrode oxygen sensor
SU1351627A2 (ru) 1986-03-27 1987-11-15 Томский инженерно-строительный институт Фильтрующий элемент
JPH0661266B2 (ja) * 1986-03-28 1994-08-17 三菱化成株式会社 固定化酵素薄膜
CA1283447C (en) 1986-06-20 1991-04-23 John W. Parce Zero volume electrochemical cell
JPS636451A (ja) 1986-06-27 1988-01-12 Terumo Corp 酵素センサ
GB8617661D0 (en) 1986-07-18 1986-08-28 Malvern Instr Ltd Laser doppler velocimetry
GB8618022D0 (en) * 1986-07-23 1986-08-28 Unilever Plc Electrochemical measurements
US4828705A (en) 1986-10-31 1989-05-09 Kingston Technologies, Inc. Pressure-dependent anisotropic-transport membrane system
EP0274215B1 (en) 1986-11-28 1993-07-21 Unilever Plc Electrochemical measurement devices
EP0278647A3 (en) 1987-02-09 1989-09-20 AT&T Corp. Electronchemical processes involving enzymes
GB2201248B (en) 1987-02-24 1991-04-17 Ici Plc Enzyme electrode sensors
JPS63211692A (ja) 1987-02-27 1988-09-02 株式会社日立製作所 両面配線基板
JPS63139246U (zh) 1987-03-03 1988-09-13
US5269903A (en) * 1987-03-13 1993-12-14 Yoshito Ikariyama Microbioelectrode and method of fabricating the same
US4955947A (en) 1987-05-14 1990-09-11 Ace Orthopedic Manufacturing Pressure sensor
JPS63317097A (ja) 1987-06-19 1988-12-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd バイオセンサ
US4963815A (en) 1987-07-10 1990-10-16 Molecular Devices Corporation Photoresponsive electrode for determination of redox potential
US4812221A (en) * 1987-07-15 1989-03-14 Sri International Fast response time microsensors for gaseous and vaporous species
US5064516A (en) 1987-07-16 1991-11-12 Gas Research Institute Measuring gas levels
US4790925A (en) 1987-09-18 1988-12-13 Mine Safety Appliances Company Electrochemical gas sensor
GB2212262B (en) 1987-11-09 1992-07-22 Solinst Canada Ltd Liquid level detector
US5108564A (en) 1988-03-15 1992-04-28 Tall Oak Ventures Method and apparatus for amperometric diagnostic analysis
US5128015A (en) * 1988-03-15 1992-07-07 Tall Oak Ventures Method and apparatus for amperometric diagnostic analysis
GB2215846B (en) 1988-03-23 1992-04-22 Nat Res Dev Method and apparatus for measuring the type and concentration of ion species in liquids
DE68924026T3 (de) * 1988-03-31 2008-01-10 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma Biosensor und dessen herstellung.
JP2502665B2 (ja) 1988-03-31 1996-05-29 松下電器産業株式会社 バイオセンサ
FR2630546B1 (fr) 1988-04-20 1993-07-30 Centre Nat Rech Scient Electrode enzymatique et son procede de preparation
JPH01294453A (ja) 1988-05-12 1989-11-28 Youken:Kk 容器の蓋
CA1316572C (en) 1988-07-18 1993-04-20 Martin J. Patko Precalibrated, disposable, electrochemical sensors
GB8817421D0 (en) 1988-07-21 1988-08-24 Medisense Inc Bioelectrochemical electrodes
GB2224356A (en) 1988-10-31 1990-05-02 Plessey Co Plc Biosensor device
EP0375864A3 (en) 1988-12-29 1991-03-20 International Business Machines Corporation Cache bypass
US5089320A (en) 1989-01-09 1992-02-18 James River Ii, Inc. Resealable packaging material
US5089112A (en) 1989-03-20 1992-02-18 Associated Universities, Inc. Electrochemical biosensor based on immobilized enzymes and redox polymers
US5312590A (en) 1989-04-24 1994-05-17 National University Of Singapore Amperometric sensor for single and multicomponent analysis
EP0400918A1 (en) 1989-05-31 1990-12-05 Nakano Vinegar Co., Ltd. Enzyme sensor
DE3921526A1 (de) 1989-06-30 1991-01-10 Draegerwerk Ag Diffusionsbarriere mit temperaturfuehler fuer einen elektrochemischen gassensor
DE3921528A1 (de) 1989-06-30 1991-01-10 Draegerwerk Ag Messzelle fuer den elektrochemischen gasnachweis
GB2235050B (en) * 1989-08-14 1994-01-05 Sieger Ltd Electrochemical gas sensor
CA2024548C (en) 1989-09-05 2002-05-28 David Issachar Analyte specific chemical sensor
DE68925727T2 (de) 1989-09-15 1996-07-04 Hewlett Packard Gmbh Methode zur Bestimmung der optimalen Arbeitsbedingungen in einem elektrochemischen Detektor und elektrochemischer Detektor, diese Methode benutzend
GB8922126D0 (en) 1989-10-02 1989-11-15 Normalair Garrett Ltd Oxygen monitoring method and apparatus
DE69025134T2 (de) 1989-11-24 1996-08-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Biosensors
JPH0758270B2 (ja) 1989-11-27 1995-06-21 山武ハネウエル株式会社 感湿素子の製造方法
US5508171A (en) 1989-12-15 1996-04-16 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Assay method with enzyme electrode system
US5243516A (en) 1989-12-15 1993-09-07 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Biosensing instrument and method
WO1991009139A1 (en) 1989-12-15 1991-06-27 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Redox mediator reagent and biosensor
DE4003194A1 (de) 1990-02-03 1991-08-08 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Verfahren und sensorelektrodensystem zur elektrochemischen bestimmung eines analyts oder einer oxidoreduktase sowie verwendung hierfuer geeigneter verbindungen
US5858188A (en) 1990-02-28 1999-01-12 Aclara Biosciences, Inc. Acrylic microchannels and their use in electrophoretic applications
CA2036435A1 (en) 1990-03-26 1991-09-27 Paul J. Anderson Reagent unit
GB2244135B (en) 1990-05-04 1994-07-13 Gen Electric Co Plc Sensor devices
US5243526A (en) 1990-05-18 1993-09-07 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Output control apparatus for vehicle
US5059908A (en) 1990-05-31 1991-10-22 Capital Controls Company, Inc. Amperimetric measurement with cell electrode deplating
JPH0466112A (ja) 1990-07-03 1992-03-02 Ube Ind Ltd 膜輸送における輸送条件の決定方法
US5320732A (en) 1990-07-20 1994-06-14 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Biosensor and measuring apparatus using the same
ZA92803B (en) 1991-02-06 1992-11-25 Igen Inc Method and apparatus for magnetic microparticulate based luminescene asay including plurality of magnets
EP0575515B1 (en) 1991-02-27 1999-07-21 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Stabilization of enzyme containing reagent composition for determination of an analyte
US5192415A (en) 1991-03-04 1993-03-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Biosensor utilizing enzyme and a method for producing the same
JP3118015B2 (ja) 1991-05-17 2000-12-18 アークレイ株式会社 バイオセンサーおよびそれを用いた分離定量方法
JPH04343065A (ja) 1991-05-17 1992-11-30 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd バイオセンサ
DE4123348A1 (de) 1991-07-15 1993-01-21 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Elektrochemisches analysesystem
EP0525723B1 (en) 1991-07-29 1997-05-14 Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Process and device for specific binding assay
JP3135959B2 (ja) 1991-12-12 2001-02-19 アークレイ株式会社 バイオセンサーおよびそれを用いた分離定量方法
US5388163A (en) 1991-12-23 1995-02-07 At&T Corp. Electret transducer array and fabrication technique
AU3104293A (en) * 1992-01-14 1993-07-15 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Viscometer
JP3084877B2 (ja) 1992-01-21 2000-09-04 松下電器産業株式会社 グルコースセンサの製造方法
RU2046361C1 (ru) * 1992-01-27 1995-10-20 Веревкин Валерий Иванович Устройство для измерения удельной электропроводности жидких сред
EP0560336B1 (en) 1992-03-12 1998-05-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. A biosensor including a catalyst made from phosphate
JP3063393B2 (ja) 1992-05-12 2000-07-12 東陶機器株式会社 バイオセンサ及びその製造方法
GB9215972D0 (en) * 1992-07-28 1992-09-09 Univ Manchester Improved analytical method
JP2541081B2 (ja) 1992-08-28 1996-10-09 日本電気株式会社 バイオセンサ及びバイオセンサの製造・使用方法
DE69333945T2 (de) 1992-09-04 2006-06-29 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma Flache Elektrode
FR2695481B1 (fr) * 1992-09-07 1994-12-02 Cylergie Gie Dispositif de mesure ampérométrique comportant un capteur électrochimique.
EP0600607A3 (en) 1992-10-28 1996-07-03 Nakano Vinegar Co Ltd Coulometric analysis method and a device therefor.
JP3167464B2 (ja) 1992-11-26 2001-05-21 富士電機株式会社 インバータの故障診断装置
US5372932A (en) 1992-12-22 1994-12-13 Eastman Kodak Company Analytical element and method for the determination of a specific binding ligand using a 4-hydroxy or 4-alkoxyarylacetamide as stabilizer
FR2701117B1 (fr) 1993-02-04 1995-03-10 Asulab Sa Système de mesures électrochimiques à capteur multizones, et son application au dosage du glucose.
JPH06310746A (ja) 1993-04-27 1994-11-04 Hitachi Ltd 電気化学素子
US5385846A (en) 1993-06-03 1995-01-31 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Biosensor and method for hematocrit determination
US5405511A (en) 1993-06-08 1995-04-11 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Biosensing meter with ambient temperature estimation method and system
US5366609A (en) * 1993-06-08 1994-11-22 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Biosensing meter with pluggable memory key
US5413690A (en) * 1993-07-23 1995-05-09 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Potentiometric biosensor and the method of its use
GB9325189D0 (en) 1993-12-08 1994-02-09 Unilever Plc Methods and apparatus for electrochemical measurements
US5399256A (en) 1994-01-07 1995-03-21 Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. Electrochemical detector cell
AU1911795A (en) 1994-02-09 1995-08-29 Abbott Laboratories Diagnostic flow cell device
GB9402591D0 (en) 1994-02-10 1994-04-06 Univ Cranfield Hexacyanoferrate (III) modified carbon electrodes
US5762770A (en) 1994-02-21 1998-06-09 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Electrochemical biosensor test strip
US5437999A (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-01 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Electrochemical sensor
AUPM506894A0 (en) 1994-04-14 1994-05-05 Memtec Limited Novel electrochemical cells
JP3027306B2 (ja) 1994-06-02 2000-04-04 松下電器産業株式会社 バイオセンサおよびその製造方法
US5518590A (en) 1994-06-21 1996-05-21 Pennzoil Products Company Electrochemical sensors for motor oils and other lubricants
GB9415499D0 (en) 1994-08-01 1994-09-21 Bartlett Philip N Electrodes and their use in analysis
DE4445948C2 (de) 1994-12-22 1998-04-02 Draegerwerk Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer amperometrischen Meßzelle
GB9501841D0 (en) 1995-01-31 1995-03-22 Co Ordinated Drug Dev Improvements in and relating to carrier particles for use in dry powder inhalers
US6153069A (en) 1995-02-09 2000-11-28 Tall Oak Ventures Apparatus for amperometric Diagnostic analysis
JPH0862179A (ja) 1995-02-13 1996-03-08 Hitachi Ltd 電解質分析装置
US5517313A (en) 1995-02-21 1996-05-14 Colvin, Jr.; Arthur E. Fluorescent optical sensor
US5651869A (en) 1995-02-28 1997-07-29 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Biosensor
US5607565A (en) 1995-03-27 1997-03-04 Coulter Corporation Apparatus for measuring analytes in a fluid sample
DE19511732C2 (de) 1995-03-31 1999-02-11 Tracto Technik Verfahren zum Verlegen von Rohrleitungen im Erdreich zwischen Kontrollschächten
US5527446A (en) 1995-04-13 1996-06-18 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Gas sensor
US5620579A (en) 1995-05-05 1997-04-15 Bayer Corporation Apparatus for reduction of bias in amperometric sensors
US5695947A (en) 1995-06-06 1997-12-09 Biomedix, Inc. Amperometric cholesterol biosensor
US5567302A (en) 1995-06-07 1996-10-22 Molecular Devices Corporation Electrochemical system for rapid detection of biochemical agents that catalyze a redox potential change
US6413410B1 (en) 1996-06-19 2002-07-02 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical cell
AUPN363995A0 (en) 1995-06-19 1995-07-13 Memtec Limited Electrochemical cell
US5665215A (en) 1995-09-25 1997-09-09 Bayer Corporation Method and apparatus for making predetermined events with a biosensor
US5628890A (en) 1995-09-27 1997-05-13 Medisense, Inc. Electrochemical sensor
AUPP238898A0 (en) 1998-03-12 1998-04-09 Usf Filtration And Separations Group Inc. Heated electrochemical cell
US6863801B2 (en) 1995-11-16 2005-03-08 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical cell
US6521110B1 (en) 1995-11-16 2003-02-18 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical cell
AUPN661995A0 (en) 1995-11-16 1995-12-07 Memtec America Corporation Electrochemical cell 2
US6174420B1 (en) 1996-11-15 2001-01-16 Usf Filtration And Separations Group, Inc. Electrochemical cell
IL116921A (en) 1996-01-26 2000-11-21 Yissum Res Dev Co Electrochemical system for determination of an analyte in a liquid medium
JP3584594B2 (ja) 1996-02-19 2004-11-04 松下電器産業株式会社 pHセンサ及びイオン水生成器
JPH09236570A (ja) 1996-03-04 1997-09-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd pHセンサ及びイオン水生成器
JP3577824B2 (ja) 1996-03-08 2004-10-20 松下電器産業株式会社 pHセンサ及びイオン水生成器
US5707502A (en) 1996-07-12 1998-01-13 Chiron Diagnostics Corporation Sensors for measuring analyte concentrations and methods of making same
AUPO229696A0 (en) 1996-09-13 1996-10-10 Memtec America Corporation Analytic cell
EP0849589B1 (en) 1996-12-20 2003-04-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Cholesterol sensor and method for producing the same
WO1998035232A2 (en) 1997-02-06 1998-08-13 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Electrochemical detection of specific binding
AUPO581397A0 (en) 1997-03-21 1997-04-17 Memtec America Corporation Sensor connection means
AUPO585797A0 (en) 1997-03-25 1997-04-24 Memtec America Corporation Improved electrochemical cell
DE29709141U1 (de) 1997-05-24 1997-08-28 Kurt Schwabe Inst Fuer Mes Und Membranbedeckter elektrochemischer Gassensor
US6071391A (en) 1997-09-12 2000-06-06 Nok Corporation Enzyme electrode structure
US5997817A (en) 1997-12-05 1999-12-07 Roche Diagnostics Corporation Electrochemical biosensor test strip
JP3874321B2 (ja) 1998-06-11 2007-01-31 松下電器産業株式会社 バイオセンサ
US6251260B1 (en) 1998-08-24 2001-06-26 Therasense, Inc. Potentiometric sensors for analytic determination
US6338790B1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2002-01-15 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
JP4066112B2 (ja) 1999-01-28 2008-03-26 株式会社スーパーシリコン研究所 ワイヤソーの制御方法及びワイヤソー
JP3572241B2 (ja) 2000-03-29 2004-09-29 京セラ株式会社 空燃比センサ素子
US6193873B1 (en) 1999-06-15 2001-02-27 Lifescan, Inc. Sample detection to initiate timing of an electrochemical assay
US6413395B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2002-07-02 Roche Diagnostics Corporation Biosensor apparatus
CZ2003409A3 (cs) 2000-07-14 2003-10-15 Lifescan, Inc. Elektrochemický způsob měření rychlostí chemických reakcí
US6544212B2 (en) 2001-07-31 2003-04-08 Roche Diagnostics Corporation Diabetes management system
US6780756B1 (en) 2003-02-28 2004-08-24 Texas Instruments Incorporated Etch back of interconnect dielectrics

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102121914B (zh) * 2010-01-11 2013-09-11 明志科技大学 电化学供电方法及其装置
WO2022033395A1 (zh) * 2020-08-14 2022-02-17 南京原码科技合伙企业(有限合伙) 一种病原微生物的快速浓缩装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR100741181B1 (ko) 2007-07-19
HK1104604A1 (en) 2008-01-18
EP0882226B1 (en) 2003-06-04
KR20030096453A (ko) 2003-12-31
CN1204400A (zh) 1999-01-06
IL124495A0 (en) 1999-01-26
CN1204399A (zh) 1999-01-06
DK0967480T3 (da) 2003-10-27
ES2195019T3 (es) 2003-12-01
HK1049513A1 (zh) 2003-05-16
CN100409008C (zh) 2008-08-06
EP1362922A1 (en) 2003-11-19
IL124495A (en) 2003-06-24
CN1105304C (zh) 2003-04-09
KR19990067672A (ko) 1999-08-25
DK0923722T3 (da) 2011-06-14
JP2000500571A (ja) 2000-01-18
WO1997018464A1 (en) 1997-05-22
HK1018096A1 (en) 1999-12-10
KR20050042506A (ko) 2005-05-09
BR9611514A (pt) 1999-09-14
KR100655357B1 (ko) 2007-12-04
IL132089A (en) 2004-05-12
EP0923722A4 (en) 2001-01-24
RU2243545C2 (ru) 2004-12-27
US6179979B1 (en) 2001-01-30
ES2365981T3 (es) 2011-10-14
DE69628948T2 (de) 2003-12-24
US5942102A (en) 1999-08-24
AUPN661995A0 (en) 1995-12-07
AU705165B2 (en) 1999-05-20
JP3863184B2 (ja) 2006-12-27
RU2174679C2 (ru) 2001-10-10
EP0882226A1 (en) 1998-12-09
AU7554996A (en) 1997-06-05
RU2305279C2 (ru) 2007-08-27
KR19990067673A (ko) 1999-08-25
ES2384166T3 (es) 2012-07-02
KR100741187B1 (ko) 2007-07-19
DK1362922T3 (da) 2012-05-07
ATE244401T1 (de) 2003-07-15
JP2000500572A (ja) 2000-01-18
AU7555096A (en) 1997-06-05
CN1932500A (zh) 2007-03-21
CA2236848C (en) 2007-05-15
KR100628860B1 (ko) 2006-09-27
ATE508358T1 (de) 2011-05-15
CA2236848A1 (en) 1997-05-22
RU2202781C2 (ru) 2003-04-20
HK1018097A1 (en) 1999-12-10
IL124494A0 (en) 1999-01-26
EP0967480B1 (en) 2003-07-02
IL133994A0 (en) 2002-03-10
USRE42567E1 (en) 2011-07-26
ATE553212T1 (de) 2012-04-15
EP1362922B1 (en) 2012-04-11
EP0923722A1 (en) 1999-06-23
CN1445540A (zh) 2003-10-01
KR20060097067A (ko) 2006-09-13
HK1060597A1 (en) 2004-08-13
BR9611513A (pt) 1999-09-14
EP1236995A1 (en) 2002-09-04
DK0882226T3 (da) 2003-06-23
CN1932500B (zh) 2011-07-27
CN1763518A (zh) 2006-04-26
DE69628588T2 (de) 2003-12-24
EP0967480A2 (en) 1999-12-29
IL124494A (en) 2000-08-31
EP0967480A3 (en) 2001-01-17
HK1028914A1 (en) 2001-03-09
DE69628948D1 (de) 2003-08-07
CN1104645C (zh) 2003-04-02
DE69638367D1 (de) 2011-06-16
ATE242477T1 (de) 2003-06-15
CN1160564C (zh) 2004-08-04
CA2236850C (en) 2004-06-01
IL172879A0 (en) 2006-06-11
AU705313B2 (en) 1999-05-20
DE69628588D1 (de) 2003-07-10
EP0882226A4 (en) 2001-01-17
BR9611513B1 (pt) 2008-11-18
CN1445540B (zh) 2010-05-12
WO1997018465A1 (en) 1997-05-22
CA2236850A1 (en) 1997-05-22
CN1254840A (zh) 2000-05-31
EP0923722B1 (en) 2011-05-04
KR100468550B1 (ko) 2005-05-24
CA2577229A1 (en) 1997-05-22
CA2577229C (en) 2008-01-08
ES2197572T3 (es) 2004-01-01
CN1928541A (zh) 2007-03-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1105304C (zh) 在电化学电池中测定氧化还原物质的浓度的方法
EP0873514B1 (en) Method of determining an analyte using an electrochemical cell
US6444115B1 (en) Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
AU2001273197B2 (en) Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
US6413410B1 (en) Electrochemical cell
CA2429360A1 (en) Electrochemical cell
JP2005526260A5 (zh)
AU2001273197A1 (en) Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
AU2001273197A2 (en) Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
Brahman et al. Fullerene–C60–MWCNT composite film based ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing platform for the trace analysis of pyruvic acid in biological fluids
Raoof et al. Differential pulse voltammetry determination of L-cysteine with ferrocene-modified carbon paste electrode
Ramírez‐García et al. Development of conducting composite materials for electrochemical sensing in organic media
Sabzi et al. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Dopamine at Sol‐Gel Carbon Composite Electrode Chemically Modified with Copper Hexacyanoferrate
AU735132B2 (en) Electrochemical cell
AU2007209797B2 (en) Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
IL153583A (en) Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates
AU2006203606A1 (en) Electrochemical method for measuring chemical reaction rates

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CX01 Expiry of patent term

Granted publication date: 20080806

EXPY Termination of patent right or utility model