CN1474766A - 具有横向侧缘的船只 - Google Patents

具有横向侧缘的船只 Download PDF

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CN1474766A
CN1474766A CNA018187242A CN01818724A CN1474766A CN 1474766 A CN1474766 A CN 1474766A CN A018187242 A CNA018187242 A CN A018187242A CN 01818724 A CN01818724 A CN 01818724A CN 1474766 A CN1474766 A CN 1474766A
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CN1257822C (zh
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杰克·波拉克
伦德特·波尔德瓦尔特
马蒙·纳西里
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Single Buoy Moorings Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/06—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • B63B1/041—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull with disk-shaped hull
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B35/4413—Floating drilling platforms, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/06—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water
    • B63B2039/067—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water effecting motion dampening by means of fixed or movable resistance bodies, e.g. by bilge keels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有细长形状、并且以大体上固定的定向锚定到海底的船只。该船只包括至少沿着其纵向侧部靠近龙骨层面的两个横向侧缘，横向侧缘具有的宽度使得船只的自然横摇周期超过预定周期，在没有侧缘时船只的自然横摇周期低于预定周期。

Description

具有横向侧缘的船只
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有细长形状、并且以大体上固定的定向锚定到海底的船只。
背景技术
已知细长船只，尤其是长宽比为1.5或更小的船只可能经受横摇失稳或者马修(Mathieu)不稳定性。由于系统的横摇流体静力学稳定性的起伏导致的调节，横摇失稳或者参量谐振可能导致侧倾。尤其是当起伏的自然周期是横摇自然周期的一半时，会出现最严重的状态。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种细长船只，优选地具有大体上矩形形状并具有改进的稳定性。本发明的另一目的是设计一种细长船只，其中横摇运动减弱、并且自然横摇周期被增加。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种船只，它能够在船舶建造状态而不是在复杂的离岸状态下建造。
因此，根据本发明的船只包括至少沿着其纵向侧部靠近龙骨层面的两个横向侧缘，横向侧缘具有的宽度使得船只的自然横摇周期超过预定周期，在没有侧缘时船只的自然横摇周期低于预定周期。
已经发现，由于增加的质量，在细长船只的长度方向上添加侧缘可以减慢船只的横摇，使得船只横摇运动的惯性增加。因此，可以建造船只使得自然横摇周期大于恶劣风暴条件的横摇周期。例如。没有侧缘的船只的自然横摇周期可以大约为10-18s。通过设置纵向侧缘，自然横摇周期可以增加到20-25s，它大于恶劣风暴的波浪周期15-16s。更慢的横摇运动增加了船上人员的舒适性，并减小了锚索和开采系统中的疲劳(例如分离器更少出现问题)。
通过设置本发明的侧缘，可以显著地减小船只在波浪周期时的横摇响应(roll response)，但是，更大的横摇响应被转移到船只自身的自然横摇周期。
在一个实施例中，船只的长宽比至少为1.5，优选地至少为2，侧缘的宽度为船只靠近龙骨层面的宽度的至少5％，侧缘在船只长度的至少60％上延伸，优选地在船只长度的至少90％上延伸，最优选地至少大体在整个长度上延伸。
通过沿着船只的大部分长度设置侧缘，可以获得大大增加的横摇稳定性、自然横摇周期的非常有利的延长以及横摇运动的减弱。优选地，侧缘沿着船只的纵向侧部以及沿着短侧部延伸。锚索可以安装到侧缘上，并且甲板结构可以支撑在侧缘上。
优选地，船只的吃水深度小于30m，使得它可以在岸上的常规船舶建造条件下建造。而且，已经发现，具有相对小的吃水深度层面以及具有本发明的侧缘的船只是非常的稳定。
优选地船只包括中心井、和从水下结构延伸穿过所述中心井至船只上的支撑结构的至少一个立管和/或钻柱。立管和/或钻柱悬挂在中心井之上的可枢转支撑结构上，诸如申请人提交的EP-A-1,036,914“安装多个立管或钢丝束的方法以及实施这种方法的船只”中描述的张力腿甲板。张力腿甲板(可枢转支撑结构)产生的优点诸如更稳定的船只和钻探状态，结果可以获得更长的钻探时间(更少的停工期)。在开采LNG的情况下，可枢转支撑结构产生更少泥化和更安全的工作状态。
从WO99/44882可知，沿着具有随风向改变方位能力的FPSO的舱底提供波纹状的龙骨。舱底龙骨相对较窄并且有助于产生速度，使得横摇运动减弱。自然横摇周期不会被舱底龙骨所改变。
GB2243118公开了带有周边侧缘大体上是圆形对称的可半潜船只。可半潜船只具有相对大的吃水深度，并且需要按照离岸建造标准建造。
在WO98/0439中，公开了一种细长船只，它具有沿着船只整个长度延伸的凸缘，用于减弱起伏运动。可以通过使设置有动态定位系统的船只与风浪方向对齐来避免已知船只的横摇运动。与此不同，本发明的船只被锚定，它可以是伸展锚定、半随风向改变方位的锚定系统或者角塔锚定系统，并且可以经受垂直于其长度方向的横向波浪。
在OMAE1996，第一部分B卷，离岸技术：大的简易驳船的设计及其水力性能分析中，描述了对称形状的BARBOX(方形驳船)的大侧缘增加了起伏质量，从而提供了起伏减弱。但是可以观察到，具有侧缘选项的出水高度被认为是足够的，观察到的横摇角度过大。与此不同，本发明的细长船只的横摇稳定性通过设置纵向侧缘而增加。已知的方形驳船的吃水深度为32m，结果它不适合在常规船厂建造而必须离岸组装。
在挪威近海，有一幅阿克斯(Akers)海上浮标形式概念的图片，详细描述在114页，它描述了具有侧缘的圆锥形帆桅(SPAR)。这种浮标的马修不稳定性已经导致30-40度数量级的前后颠簸/横摇运动，然而只有1-3度的运动被预期。
在OTC 10-953“用于恶劣区域的筒形平台的替代形状”中在第6页附图10上显示了替代的船体形状。马修不稳定性被解释、并且在附图17中提到不稳定的起伏/前后颠簸运动是如此大以致于甲板碰撞水面。
附图说明
以下将参照附图对本发明进行详细的说明。其中：
图1是根据本发明的具有侧缘的石油钻探开采驳船的主视图；以及
图2是根据本发明的具有侧缘的石油钻探开采驳船的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1的驳船1的长度W1为160m，纵向侧缘2，3的宽度分别为15m，使得在侧缘处的驳船总长度W2为190m。侧缘2，3的高度H1为6m，汲取水位H2为22m，甲板层面高度H3为32m。由于横摇时大量的排水，高容量的侧缘给船只的横摇运动增加了大的惯性，从而提供了更大的自然横摇周期。
在驳船1上，钻机5设置在钻机支撑结构6上。钻柱7从钻机5伸向海底33。钻柱7和采油立管8，9悬挂在甲板10上。甲板10也支撑井喷防护装置11。甲板可枢转地悬挂在沿着槽轮15，16运行的缆索13，14上。缆索13，14携带有位于液面以下的平衡重17，18。钻柱7和采油立管8，9穿过甲板10悬挂在其中的中心井20。缆索13，14穿过在船只1高度方向上的锥形轴21，22。船只在其甲板上具有石油分离设施25、气体压缩设施26、钻探设备室27、公用空间28和发电机29。锚索30，31将船只1锚定到海底33。如图2所示，侧缘2’，3’通过设置在侧缘2’，3’上的支柱39，40支撑诸如舱室35和钻管以及套架(reck)36的甲板结构的一部分重量。这样，侧缘为驳船提供了另外的甲板空间。
如图2所示，驳船的宽度W3为60m，包括侧缘2’，3’的总宽度W4为90m。侧缘2，2’，3，3’绕着船只在其所有侧部延伸。

Claims (16)

1、一种具有细长形状、并且以大体上固定的定向锚定到海底的船只，该船只包括至少沿着其纵向侧部靠近龙骨层面的两个横向侧缘，横向侧缘具有的宽度使得船只的自然横摇周期超过预定周期，在没有侧缘时船只的自然横摇周期低于预定周期。
2、如权利要求1所述的船只，其特征在于，预定周期至少为18s，优选地为至少20s。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的船只，其特征在于，具有侧缘的船只的最大横摇响应角在船只自然横摇周期时比在波浪周期时大，波浪在波浪周期时也导致横摇响应。
4、如权利要求1、2或3所述的船只，其特征在于，侧缘的体积是驳船总体积的至少2％。
5、如权利要求1-4任一所述的船只，其特征在于，与没有侧缘的船只的横摇失稳相比，具有侧缘的船只的横摇失稳显著地减小。
6、如权利要求1-5任一所述的船只，其特征在于，船只的长宽比至少为1.5，优选地至少为2，侧缘的宽度为船只靠近龙骨层面的宽度的至少5％，侧缘在船只长度的至少60％上延伸，优选地在船只长度的至少90％上延伸，最优选地至少大体在整个长度上延伸。
7、如上述任一权利要求所述的船只，其特征在于，船只包括沿着其横向侧部的侧缘。
8、如上述任一权利要求所述的船只，其特征在于，船只的吃水深度小于30m。
9、如上述任一权利要求所述的船只，其特征在于，侧缘基本上是水的。
10、如上述任一权利要求所述的船只，其特征在于，侧缘大体上是具有箱形结构，其宽度至少为3m，高度至少为3m。
11、如上述任一权利要求所述的船只，其特征在于，侧缘被穿孔。
12、如上述任一权利要求所述的船只，其特征在于，船只通过锚索被锚定到海底。
13、如上述任一权利要求所述的船只，其特征在于，侧缘包括安装装置，锚索被安装到安装装置上。
14、如上述任一权利要求所述的船只，其特征在于，船只包括中心井、和从水下结构延伸穿过所述中心井至船只上的支撑结构的至少一个立管和/或钻柱。
15、如权利要求14所述的船只，其特征在于，立管和/或钻柱悬挂在中心井之上的支撑结构上，支撑结构悬挂在悬挂装置上，使得它能够相对于船只水平面成一角度设置。
16、如上述任一权利要求所述的船只，其特征在于，夹板结构被设置在侧缘上的支柱支撑。
CNB018187242A 2000-11-13 2001-11-13 具有横向侧缘的船只 Expired - Fee Related CN1257822C (zh)

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EP (1) EP1339600B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3868902B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100556075B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1257822C (zh)
AU (1) AU2002226334A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2231576T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2002038438A1 (zh)

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WO2006066491A1 (fr) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-29 Deli Fu Bouee manoeuvrable dotee d’un sous-plateau inferieur
WO2006066494A1 (fr) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-29 Deli Fu Structure flottante legere dotee d’une planche stabilisatrice a double plancher
WO2006066492A1 (fr) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-29 Deli Fu Aeroport en mer polyvalent
WO2006066493A1 (fr) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-29 Deli Fu Navire comportant un sous-plateau servant de coque
CN103442979A (zh) * 2011-02-01 2013-12-11 塞万海洋股份有限公司 具有可压舱旋转对称外壳和船井的开采单元
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CN111372845A (zh) * 2011-08-09 2020-07-03 裕廊船厂有限公司 用于操作浮动式船舶的方法
CN103241348A (zh) * 2013-04-22 2013-08-14 哈尔滨工程大学 一种浮式平台减摇装置

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US8579547B2 (en) 2013-11-12
KR100556075B1 (ko) 2006-03-07
EP1339600A1 (en) 2003-09-03
KR20040018305A (ko) 2004-03-03
JP3868902B2 (ja) 2007-01-17
US20040067109A1 (en) 2004-04-08
AU2002226334A1 (en) 2002-05-21
WO2002038438A1 (en) 2002-05-16
EP1339600B1 (en) 2005-01-19
ES2231576T3 (es) 2005-05-16
CN1257822C (zh) 2006-05-31

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