CN1486167A - 用于插入椎间内假体的外科器械 - Google Patents

用于插入椎间内假体的外科器械 Download PDF

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CN1486167A
CN1486167A CNA018219187A CN01821918A CN1486167A CN 1486167 A CN1486167 A CN 1486167A CN A018219187 A CNA018219187 A CN A018219187A CN 01821918 A CN01821918 A CN 01821918A CN 1486167 A CN1486167 A CN 1486167A
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prosthese
sliding part
positive stop
retainer
vertebra
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A·凯勒
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Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4611Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
    • A61B17/025Joint distractors
    • A61B2017/0256Joint distractors for the spine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4622Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof having the shape of a forceps or a clamp
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4625Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use
    • A61F2002/4627Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about the instrument axis or the implantation direction, e.g. telescopic, along a guiding rod, screwing inside the instrument
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4625Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use
    • A61F2002/4628Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about an axis transverse to the instrument axis or to the implantation direction, e.g. clamping

Abstract

用于插入椎间内假体的外科器械,其中内假体由两个假体板(53)和由这些板包围的一个假体核组成。器械包括供假体板(53)用的两个假体保持架(52),该假体保持架(52)端部开口并可相对张开。为在从假体移去器械时不必使假体受到不利的载荷,提供了压在假体(53)和/或相关椎骨上的回撤装置。回撤装置包括滑动件(81),其具有供导向件中的假体(53)用的假体限位挡块(82)和要连接在假体(53)上的椎骨用的椎骨限位挡块。滑动件(81)在导轨(80)中可在缩回的极限位置和伸出的极限位置之间移动。为此提供了特殊的驱动装置。该驱动装置可由一种钳形成,钳在器械处于操作位置时易于连接在器械上,并具有一个杠杆传动装置。杠杆传动装置可永久结合在器械中。

Description

用于插入椎间内假体的外科器械
椎间内假体由两个假体板和一个假体核组成,其中两个假体板分别连接在各自的椎骨上,为插入椎间内假体,可以获知一种器械(EP-B-333990),其具有供两个板用的两个叉形假体保持架。这些导向装置布置在一个扩张钳上,借此可以首先在两个椎骨之间仅插入不带假体核的彼此靠近的板,然后通过张开钳使两个板分开,这样假体核就可以插入到板之间,最后再次使板相向移动,直到它们最终包围假体核。当假体以这种方式达到其预期位置后,可以移去该器械。叉形假体保持架端部开口,因此器械易于移去。
但是,当从假体移去器械时,有时由于器械倾斜或假体保持架卡在椎骨上会引起很大的摩擦力,这会造成困难。因此存在这样的危险,即由于该摩擦力或由于器械的突然移动,假体会以不希望的方式被移动。
在一种不同类型的器械中(DE-U-200 12 549;US-A-5 431 658),该器械用于在两个椎骨间插入整体的植入物,已知的是通过前进的杆在一对导向杆之间将植入物推入,其中前进的杆具有椎骨限位挡块。当植入物在椎间到达预期深度时,该限位挡块压在椎骨之一上,借此通过继续向前移动来从椎骨和假体回撤器械。该解决方案难以应用于这样的器械(DE-U-299 16 078),如根据本发明类型的器械,其中为假体板提供了两个保持架,假体板必须张开以插入假体核。
本发明的目的在于使得易于移去在开头段落中所述的器械。该目的是通过权利要求1的特征实现的。
相应地,提供了从位于假体保持架中的假体板和/或从至少相邻椎骨之一回撤器械的回撤装置。在每个假体保持架上布置一个滑动件,该滑动件具有假体限位挡块和/或椎骨限位挡块,并可在缩回极限位置和伸出极限位置之间在导轨中移动。这是利用驱动装置实现的,该驱动装置具有联接两个滑动件运动的与间距无关的机构。
可取的是带有假体限位挡块或椎骨限位挡块的滑动件可沿导轨在器械上移动,其中导轨平行于假体保持架的引导方向。在该导轨中,滑动件可占据后极限位置,在该位置假体完全被假体保持架保持。滑动件位于该极限位置,直到假体到达其预期植入位置为止。在滑动件的前极限位置,假体限位挡块或椎骨限位挡块一直前进到假体不再被假体保持架保持并且可没有困难地移去器械为止。当安装完假体并启动回撤装置时,器械沿压在假体或椎骨上的滑动件的路线从这些部分上往回移动,即从这些部分回撤。
回撤需要施加一定的力。为此,在回撤装置和驱动回撤装置的把手之间有利地布置了一个传动装置。该传动装置可以由例如带螺纹的心轴构成,轴的一端作用在滑动件上,另一端具有由医生驱动的控制旋钮。在优选实施例中,传动装置由杠杆机构构成。
把手和传动装置可永久布置在器械上。但为使器械易于使用并且在插入过程中视线不会被不必要的零件阻挡,有利的是把手(如果合适则与传动装置一起)与器械分开提供,并且这些零件这样设计,即当所述器械处于操作位置时,它们易于连接在器械上。例如,把手和传动装置由钳子构成。在其短杆(工作杆)之一上,钳子具有联接机构,该联接机构设计成与器械上的联接机构匹配。当钳子连接在器械上时,钳子上的另一个工作杆与一个或多个滑动件接合。
在回撤时,回撤力应该作用在两个滑动件中的每一个上以保证一个假体板不会承受比另一个更大的载荷。无论板相互间距多大,这都适用。为此,本发明提供了布置在回撤装置和与该回撤装置相互作用的滑动件零件之间的摇臂,回撤力通过所述摇臂的枢轴点基本平均地传递到两个滑动件上。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,驱动装置牢固地连接在器械上,并特别连接在器械主体上,其中器械主体仅牢固地连接在两个假体保持架之一上。从而,驱动装置也仅直接作用在该滑动件上。为同步驱动另一个滑动件,一个传动零件与被直接驱动的滑动件运动相连并通过与间距无关的联接机构与另一个滑动件的被驱动零件接合。这可取的是通过限位挡块实现,该限位挡块与被直接驱动的滑动件相连并与其一起在回撤方向上被引导,并且与假体导向件相互间距无关地到达与另一个滑动件相连的另一个限位挡块的运动区域。但也可构想其它的解决方案。例如,被直接驱动的滑动件可具有齿条,齿条的运动驱动一个小齿轮,小齿轮牢固地连接在一个花键轴上,花键轴在另一个滑动件区域具有一个小齿轮,该小齿轮在花键轴上可轴向移动并将花键轴的运动传递给与另一个滑动件相连的齿条。
如果驱动装置不是设计成可拆卸的,而是例如作为推杆结合在器械主体内,就可获得简单易用的器械,在这种情况下,一个把手可以连接在推杆端部并可在器具的纵向上移动。
如果提供了组合的椎骨和假体限位挡块,则可通过插入器械,直到椎骨限位挡块或两个椎骨限位挡块压在一个或多个椎骨上停止为止,来用这些挡块确定假体在脊椎骨之间的位置。这样,假体在椎骨之间的位置由椎骨和假体限位挡块之间的深度距离确定。为能够使假体在腹背方向插入不同的深度并考虑到不同的解剖学关系,有利的是该深度距离可以改变。这可例如通过使用不同的滑动件实现,这些滑动件具有不同的椎骨和假体限位挡块之间间距,并有选择地插入到器械中。作为另外一种选择,滑动件永久固定在两个限位挡块之一上,而另一个限位挡块可以是不同规格的,或可以在不同的锁止位置连接在滑动件上。在一个优选实施例中,提供了调整装置,该调整装置设计成改变假体限位挡块和椎骨限位挡块之间的间距。可取的是,该调整装置布置在滑动件上并具有导轨,导轨带有供两个限位挡块之一用的螺纹心轴。还可以通过在手术之前观察X光图像,或通过在手术中进行测量来确定假体和椎骨接触边缘之间的深度距离应该多大。根据该值,利用调整装置调整器械的椎骨和假体限位挡块之间的深度距离。为此,有利的是提供一个调整标尺。将器械插入,直到其多个或一个椎骨限位挡块到达相关的一个或多个椎骨的接触边缘,确保假体定位在希望的深度为止。
下面参考示出有利实施例的附图更详细地解释本发明,其中:
图1示出了器械的整体视图;
图2放大示出了器械的前部;
图3示出了带有回撤钳子的对应图2的视图;
图4示出了从垂直方向看的对应图3的视图;
图5示出了回撤钳子;
图6示出了从图5方向A看到的回撤钳子的局部视图;
图7示出了滑动件的细节;
图8示出了第二器械的整体视图;
图9示出了该器械的前部透视图;
图10示出了前部侧视图;
图11示出了前部底视图;
图12示出了后部底视图;
图13示出了驱动装置细节。
图1至7中所示器械为扩张钳,其带有手柄1和工作夹钳2,工作夹钳被平行引导并分别在其前端具有假体保持架3。如图4中所示,假体保持架3设计成带两个侧面支腿4的U形。它们分别将各个假体板5的侧边接收在滑槽内。图4的视图指向假体板5的外侧,假体板5将要压在椎体上并具有齿6以与椎体更好地连接。假体保持架是这样设计的,即假体可足够容易地按箭头方向7移动。通过弹簧8防止其意外掉出。对于设计和使用的细节,可参考EP-B-333990。
在用于接收假体的空间后面,假体保持架3形成一个布置在同一方向上的中心导向槽10,孔11沿同一方向接着该导向槽向后延伸。导向槽10容纳滑动件12,滑动件12可在槽内沿槽方向容易地滑动但被牢固地引导,滑动件与杆13相连,杆13穿过孔11并从孔11向后被引导。如图2中所示,通过不同调整下滑动件和上滑动件,滑动件12可在槽10内纵向移动。
滑动件12形成假体限位挡块15和椎骨限位挡块16,其中椎骨限位挡块相对假体限位挡块稍稍靠后,在所示例子中这些限位挡块牢固地相互连接。在滑动件的后极限位置,假体限位挡块15与接收假体5的空间后边缘17平齐。器械被导入椎间空间,直到椎骨限位挡块压在有问题的椎骨腹侧边缘上停止为止。这样,限位挡块15和16之间的间距确定了假体的插入深度。如果构成椎骨限位挡块16的零件18在滑动件12可以移动,则可任意预先确定假体插入深度。图7的放大视图示出了滑动件12,在该滑动件上椎骨限位挡块16由单独的块19形成,通过螺纹心轴31可使块19相对假体限位挡块15移动。为易于调整和控制假体限位挡块15和椎骨限位挡块16之间的间距,在滑动件12是提供了调整标尺32。在所示例子中,它与椎骨限位挡块16的后边缘配合作为指示器。还可以用其它的方式布置标尺和指示器,例如标记位于椎骨限位挡块16的侧面上,标尺位于假体导向件3的顶面上。
从图4可以看到,当滑动件前进时,假体限位挡块把假体从假体保持架推出。当假体固定在两个椎骨之间时,由此将器械从假体回撤。为此(见图2和3),必须相对器械向前推杆13。这是通过图5所示回撤钳实现的,该钳易于连接在器械上。通过在铰链点21以外结合在工作杆22,23中的一个弹簧使钳的支腿手柄20分开,其中工作杆22,23基本相对支腿手柄20的方向横向延伸。工作杆22包括一个接收开口24,开口24为U形并且宽度稍稍大于支架26上的销25的直径,其中支架26这样布置在器械上,即与假体保持架3的张开无关地相对杆13同心布置。
在前工作杆23上布置一个摇臂28,摇臂可围绕轴27枢转。当回撤钳应用在器械上时(图3),枢转点27约处于销25的中心轴线方向上。背离销25的摇臂28侧面包括一个槽29,其宽度稍稍大于杆13远端的直径。当扩张钳沿箭头30的方向应用到器械上时(图3),销25可由开口24接收,杆13的后端滑到槽29内,这样杆13在摇臂28枢转点27的每一侧与枢转点27的距离基本相同。如果现在把回撤钳的支腿手柄20压在一起,工作杆23相对支撑工作杆22的支架26向前移动,这样通过摇臂28使杆13并从而滑动件12向前移动。这样,位于假体保持架中的假体板被从导向件向前推出,或者说,器械从假体回撤。一部分回撤力也通过椎骨限位挡块16传递到椎骨上。如果不希望发生这种情况,则在定位假体后和正好要回撤器械之前,通过调整装置使椎骨限位挡块16稍稍后撤,这样所述椎骨限位挡块16就不再压在椎骨上了。这样在回撤过程中,椎骨保持不受力的作用。
图8到12示出了替代实施例。在器械主体5 1前端有两个供假体板53用的保持架52。假体保持架52是叉形的并且前端开口。它们的侧面支腿形成假体板53边缘的导向件。通过克服摩擦力,可以在器械的纵向上把假体板插入到假体保持架52内,并将它们从所述假体保持架52移出。在后端,假体51具有一个冲击板54。通过敲击该板,可在两个椎骨之间驱动被假体保持架52保持的假体板53。
假体保持架52的下部(图9和10)牢固地连接在器械主体51上,在所示例子中,甚至与器械主体做成一体。上假体保持架52通过由剪刀形构件56,57组成的一个剪刀形装置连接在器械主体51上。剪刀形装置56,57是这样设计的,即上假体保持架52仅能垂直和平行于下假体保持架52移动。假体保持架可尽可能地相互靠接(图1),这样易于将其插入到椎间空间内。它们可与邻接的椎骨一起张开(图9和10),产生在假体板53之间引入假体核的空间。然后使它们相向返回以将假体核固定在希望的位置。然后可将器械移去。
剪刀形构件56,57的后销58,59在器械主体51的椭圆形孔中滑动,它们的方向对应器械的纵向,而前销60与假体保持架52刚性相连。为使假体保持架张开,提供了在器械纵向上移动剪刀形构件57的后销58的装置。为此提供了手柄杆61,手柄杆61可围绕轴62在器械主体上枢转并具有工作杆63,工作杆63作用在滑块64后端,滑块是T形托架65的一部分(图13),布置在两侧的剪刀形构件57的后销58连接在托架65的十字头上。托架65在器械主体的纵向上被引导。从图11中可以看到,滑块64的平行边在器械主体中切口的相应平行边66之间被引导。从图10中可以看到,十字头的端部67在椭圆形孔68中被引导。当把钳的杆压在一起时,手柄杆61作用在器械主体上,其工作杆63向箭头70的方向压托架64(图13)。这样,剪刀形构件57的后端被向前驱动,其结果是,假体保持架52张开。这样,工作杆63,托架65和倾斜连接体57形成调整假体保持架52的空间的装置。应该认识到,该装置也可由其它的实施例替代。还可以看到,不一定要通过倾斜连接体57施加张开力。如果倾斜连接体57和纵向之间的角度对于施加大张开力来说太小,则可以提供单独的张开构件。
在张开假体保持架时,会产生相当大的力。为此,为手柄61补充了带蝶形螺母72的螺纹心轴71,其使得操作更容易并可将器械暂时保持在张开位置。
在该位置,一方面在器械主体51和向后面接着上假体保持架52的板53之间,另一方面在侧面剪刀形装置56,57之间形成一个通道形自由空间。利用器械76,可以将假体核77通过该自由空间导入到假体板52之间(图10)。器械76具有限位挡块75,当假体核77精确到达在假体板52之间的预期位置时,挡块75压在板73的后边74上。
现在描述从假体保持架52弹出假体板53或从假体保持架或邻接的椎骨回撤器械的装置。在接收假体板53的空间后部,假体保持架52包括一个导向槽80,该导向槽在器械的纵向上延伸并从而在假体保持架52的滑动方向上延伸。其包括一个滑动件81,滑动件的前端82压在假体保持架中的假体板边缘上,为此将其称作假体限位挡块。滑动件18的后端,在图9和11中不可见,与杆83刚性连接,杆83同样也在器械纵向上被引导。如图11中所示,安装在器械主体51中的杆83后端固定在限位挡块元件84上,下面描述其性质。它同样可在器械的纵向上移动。限位挡块元件84又刚性连接在推杆86上,推杆86安装成可在器械主体51的纵向上移动并(参考图12)通向手柄87。当进行操作的外科医生沿箭头方向向前推手柄87时,推杆86,限位挡块元件84,杆83和滑动件81被向前推,以将假体板53从假体保持架52中推出。操作外科医生的手可放置在支耳上(图12),支耳牢固地连接在器械主体51上。
手柄87的运动仅直接作用在滑动件81上,滑动件81布置在器械的下部,即器械主体内。为保证两个假体保持架的滑动件81同步运动,提供了运动传递装置。控制上假体保持架滑动件81的杆83在其后端牢固地连接在限位挡块元件85上,和下假体保持架的限位挡块元件84一样,元件85在器械纵向上被引导移动。下限位挡块元件84在两侧上具有向上伸出的限位挡块支腿90,支腿90位于从上限位挡块元件85两侧向下伸出的支腿91后面并与其靠近。当假体板53位于其在假体保持架52中的最后面位置并且假体限位挡块82与它们接触时,彼此相邻的限位挡块支腿90,91的端面也相互压在一起。如果现在通过驱动手柄87向前推带有限位挡块支腿90的下限位挡块元件84,则它们与上限位挡块元件的限位挡块支腿91的配合意味着上假体保持架的滑动件81也被向前推。这样两个滑动件81同步移动。由于相互作用的限位挡块表面90,91垂直于器械的纵向,所以可以保证滑动件的同步移动,而与假体保持架相互的间距无关。
每个滑动件81上面刚性连接有附件95,还具有一个块96,其中块96在滑动件的纵向上被引导并且其端面形成椎骨限位挡块。如果其中带有假体板53的假体保持架被驱动到两个椎骨之间的空间内,则椎骨限位挡块96的端面最终压在椎骨的腹侧边缘上。椎骨限位挡块96端面与假体板之间的间距就限定了假体板在椎间空间到达的深度。可通过调整滑动件81上的椎骨限位挡块96来调整该深度。这是通过螺纹心轴97实现的,该心轴在附件95的螺纹孔内被引导,并且其端部可旋转,但纵向固定地连接在椎骨限位挡块96上。这样通过旋转螺纹心轴97,操作的外科医生可事先确定假体板53相对相关椎骨的腹侧边缘插入的深度。标尺98帮助他进行该工作。

Claims (14)

1.用于插入椎间内假体的外科器械,其中椎间内假体由两个假体板(5,53)和一个由这两个板(5,53)包围的假体核(77)组成,所述器械包括两个假体保持架(3,52),假体保持架端部开口并可相对张开,其特征在于,提供了从位于假体保持架(3,52)中的假体板(5,53)和/或从至少相邻椎骨之一回撤器械的回撤装置,所述回撤装置在每个假体保持架(3,52)上具有一个滑动件(12,81),滑动件具有假体限位挡块(15,82)和/或椎骨限位挡块(16,96),并可通过一个驱动装置在缩回极限位置和伸出极限位置之间在一个导轨(10,80)中移动,其中驱动装置具有与间距无关的联接两个滑动件运动的机构(28,29,90,91)。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的器械,其特征在于,提供了在回撤装置和一个手柄(20)之间传递驱动力的装置。
3.根据权利要求2中所述的器械,其特征在于,传递装置由一个杠杆机构(20到23)构成。
4.根据权利要求3中所述的器械,其特征在于,手柄(20),必要时与传递装置(20到23)一起,可容易地连接在位于操作位置的器械上。
5.根据权利要求4中所述的器械,其特征在于,手柄(20)和传递装置(20,到23)由钳构成,并且钳在其工作杆之一(22)上和器械具有互补的联接机构(24,25),而另一个工作杆(23)作用在滑动件(12)上。
6.根据权利要求5中所述的器械,其特征在于,在回撤装置和与其相互作用的滑动件(12)的零件(13)之间,布置了一个摇臂(28),摇臂是与间距无关的联接它们运动的机构。
7.根据权利要求1至6中之一所述的器械,其特征在于,驱动装置布置在器械主体(51)上,该器械主体仅牢固地连接在两个假体保持架(52)之一上,该假体保持架的滑动件(81)与驱动零件(84)运动相连,驱动零件(84)通过与间距无关的联接机构(90,91)与另一个滑动件(81)的被驱动零件接合。
8.根据权利要求7中所述的器械,其特征在于,驱动零件(90)和被驱动零件(91)设计成在回撤方向上被引导的限位挡块。
9.根据权利要求7或8中所述的器械,其特征在于,牢固地连接在假体保持架之一上的器械主体(51)包括一个带有手柄(87)的推杆(86),该推杆与相关的滑动件(81)运动相连。
10.根据权利要求1至9中之一所述的器械,其特征在于,至少一个滑动件(12,81)具有假体限位挡块(15,82)和椎骨限位挡块(16,96),并且这些限位挡块之间的间距在深度方向上可以改变。
11.根据权利要求10所述的器械,其特征在于,其具有改变假体限位挡块(15,82)和椎骨限位挡块(16,96)之间间距的调整装置。
12.根据权利要求11中所述的器械,其特征在于,调整装置布置在滑动件(12,81)上,并具有供两个限位挡块(16,96)之一用的带螺纹心轴(31,97)的导轨。
13.根据权利要求11或12中所述的器械,其特征在于,调整装置具有调整标尺(32,98)。
14.根据权利要求1至13中所述的器械,其特征在于,带有两个假体保持架(52)的器械零件(51,73)之间的运动连接件(56,57,90,91)布置在中心通孔外侧,该中心通孔在器械方向上延伸,其宽度对应至少假体核和插入假体核(77)用的插入器械(76)的宽度。
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AR033414A1 (es) 2003-12-17
US20040220582A1 (en) 2004-11-04
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RU2003124750A (ru) 2005-01-27
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EP1222903B1 (de) 2005-01-19
US7387635B2 (en) 2008-06-17

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