CN1613000A - 热交换器 - Google Patents

热交换器 Download PDF

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CN1613000A
CN1613000A CNA038019310A CN03801931A CN1613000A CN 1613000 A CN1613000 A CN 1613000A CN A038019310 A CNA038019310 A CN A038019310A CN 03801931 A CN03801931 A CN 03801931A CN 1613000 A CN1613000 A CN 1613000A
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heat exchanger
acting surface
fluid
heat
meets
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CN100370206C (zh
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杰丹·D·哈曼
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Pax Scientific Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
    • H01L23/467—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/028—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of at least one medium being helically coiled, the coils having a conical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being formed by spirally-wound plates or laminae
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0028—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cooling heat generating elements, e.g. for cooling electronic components or electric devices
    • F28D2021/0029—Heat sinks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Abstract

热交换器有作用面(1)，流体流过其上便在流体与作用面(1)之间发生热交换。作用面(1)的弯曲部分基本符合遵循黄金分割的至少一种对数曲线。

Description

热交换器
发明领域
本发明涉及散热结构(散热器、热交换器或辐射器)，帮助固体材料散发热能或将热能传给固体材料，尽量完善热能与结构周围流体的传递，使效率高于当前的散热器或导热体。它可应用于互相贴近有需传热的二种固体或液体等离子导体。其它用途中，本发明适用的是电路板散热片，汽车水箱、压缩机和内燃机的冷却片，汽车水箱与热交换器的流体输送管，空调制冷系统，等离子体发生器，及流体或双金属热交换器。
背景技术
业已设计了很多结构有助于固体材料与流体间的传热。但只有少数例子是散热器，辐射发热管、汽车水箱及空调换热器。散热器通常认为与固体材料的冷却有关且包括一排与固体材料连接的散热片。这些装置的主要目的是增加与流体接触的固体表面积，从而增加传给流体的热量。当然，众所周知，散热片组也可用于加热流体的加热器。汽车水箱是为了将发动机的热量散发到大气，它把热量从冷却水传给水箱中部，再从中部传给大气。后一种传热再次借助散热片以增加表面积。类似的装置在很多别的场合可找到。
通常，固体与流体间传热用的结构，设计的目的是使用固液之间有最大表面积可利用。尽管如此，这种结构实现传热的能力取决于流体在固体材料上的流动。已经设计的很多结构提供很大表面积，但因流体流过结构的流动受到限制而不特别有效。许多情况下，流体强制流过热交换器，再辅以自然流动。
自然界被认为人类知道的最有效的传热系统，不变的是，自然界以紊流运动形式传热，当紊流集中成三维奇异旋涡运动时效率最高。流体对流形状用等角对数螺线表示，其收缩或膨胀比约为1∶0.618，即著名的黄金分割比例。流体这种流动结构的一例是龙卷风。另一例是从原子弹爆炸的风暴性大火中升起的火焰及烟柱图样。先有技术不太注意这种自然流动的特征。
据说，自然界总是沿着阻力最小路线前进。自然界中运动及发展以独特、明确的对数几何级形式发展。即三维黄金分割比例或等角螺线发展。本发明的目的是，通过完全或部分地走自然界的等角对数运动路线将流体引向其自然的流动走势，取得最佳能量传递，本发明以自然涡旋形状为特点。
旋涡结构相当于热泵，即有温差才能存在，反之亦然。本发明试图开发旋涡特殊的冷却特征，它的部分有效性是，旋涡结构能提供快速非紊流的绝热膨胀，即热量可以最短的时间和距离输出或取得。
旋涡最简单、最基本、最常见的形式是涡环或螺环(图13及14)。流体与热量的传送迅速高效。
为了优化辐射散热器、热交换器、散热器的冷却效率，创造、实现和利用各种旋涡结构是有利的。流体不管是内流还是外流，均可是螺环形，贝纳尔(Benard)对流环形，对流旋涡形或势涡。这些都大致符合三维黄金分割或等角螺线。
先有技术中一个优异的例子是兰克-希尔施(Ranque-Hilsch)涡管(图13)。
本发明实施例的设计准则全面或部分应用都会改进现有结构的导热性能。
发明的公开
因此本发明存在于具有作用面的热交换器中，流体流过作用面时，能引起流体与作用面之间的热交换，该作用面的弯曲基本符合遵循黄金分割的至少一种对数曲线。
根据另一优选特征，作用面基本符合自然旋涡的涡度，因此流过作用面的流体符合自然旋涡的涡度。
根据本发明一优选特征，作用面可使流过作用面的流体产生旋涡似的回转运动。
根据一优选实施例，热交换器提供两组流体之间的流动边界，以利热量从一种流体传到另一种流体，其中所述两边的边界是作用面。
根据一优选实施例，热交换器包括一片或多片导向片。
根据本发明一优选特征，作用面的形状符合软体动物门，腹足纲或头足纲硬壳的外形。根据本发明特定形式，作用面形状符合选自涡螺属、船蛸属、鹦鹉螺属等螺科或蝾螺科硬壳的内部构形。
根据另一优选特征，热交换器包括通常是球形或椭圆形的导管且有进、出口，其中所述结构在进、出口之间内表面的弯曲部分符合基本上或很大程度上遵循黄金分割特征的对数曲线。
根据本发明的一优选特征，作用面弯曲部分是一维的；
根据本发明的一优选特征，作用面弯曲部分是二维的；
根据本发明的一优选特征，作用面深度可按黄金分割变化；
根据一优选实施例，热交换器包括散热器，作用面包括一片或多片传热物体伸出的导向片。
根据一优选实施例，作用面的形状为旋涡形；
本发明按下述几个具体实施例获得较充分理解；
附图简要说明
图1是黄金分割或Fibonacci级数展开图；
图2是符合黄金分割的自然旋涡的侧视图；
图3是描绘黄金分割旋涡结构的几何级数比的曲线；
图4是根据本发明第一实施例的热交换器的侧视图；
图5是图4所示第一实施例的热交换器的端视图；
图6是根据本发明第二实施例的热交换器的侧视图；
图7是图6所示第二实施例的热交换器的端视图；
图8是根据本发明第三实施例的热交换器的侧视图；
图9是图8所示第三实施例的热交换器的端视图；
图10是根据本发明第四实施例的热交换器的侧视图；
图11是第四实施例的侧向剖视图；
图12是第四实施例的端视图；
图13是兰克-希尔施(Ranque-Hillsch)涡管示意图；
图14是根据第五实施例的制冷器简图；
图15是内燃机及冷却系统的冷却散热器的简图；
图16是出现在图14、15的辐射器中的本发明一种形式导向片的特写示意图；
图17是涡环中心示意图，示出流体或热能涡旋形流动的模式。
具体实施例的详细说明
所有实施例都是热交换器，能在固体表面与流体之间传热。
如上所述，在自然界的自然力作用下流体力图以螺线或旋涡运动。这些螺线或旋涡都符合叫做黄金分割或Fibonacci级数的数学级数，每个实施例均能使流体以其优选的自然方式运动，因而能减少因紊流和摩擦引起的无效性，紊流与摩擦是这些热交换器常用装置中常见的。从前研制的技术不大符合流体自然流动的倾向。
这里描述的每个实施例的热交换器在各方面均符合黄金分割，因此，其特征在于，热交换器提供的流体通常是螺旋形的，符合黄金分割的特征。黄金分割的特征示于图1，图中示出根据黄金分割展开的螺旋线，螺旋线展开时，在等角半径处(如E、F、G、H、I、J)测量的曲线半径增量是常数。这可从各序列之间半径的三角形表示中看出，相当于公式a＝b＝b∶a+b，符合1∶0.618比值，且整个曲线保持不变。
各实施例的特征在于，形成热交换器的表面弯曲部分是二维或三维形的且基本符合黄金分割的特征，其特征在于，流体通道横截面变化也符合黄金分割特征。此外发现，自然界中黄金分割的特征可在软体动物门，腹足纲或头足纲硬壳的内外构形中找到。且至少某些实施例的共同特征是，热交换器形成的流体通道符合一种或几种软体动物门，腹足纲或头足纲硬壳的内外构形。
业已发现，流体流动特征是，流体流过通道弯曲部分基本符合黄金分割时流体流过表面将产生非紊流，因此气穴的倾向降低。
因此，流过此表面的流体比从前流道不符合黄金分割的情况效率更高。由于流体经这样的流道引起的紊流度下降，根据各实施例的热交换器在固体材料与流体之间的传热效率比同样尺寸特性的传统热交换器高。流过这样表面的流体是流线形的且全部流体在流动。这种结构避免“静止”流体的死穴存在，这是传统装置的常有问题。
图4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12示出本发明热交换器的各种实施例。虽然各实施例外观不同，但它们的共同特点是像散热器一样工作。因此，在图中，同一标号表示同样部件。
在各实施例中，热交换器有作用面，其形状类似于旋涡的气穴中心，或类似于涡壳、球果或其它海产品贝壳的中心间隔或隔膜。每个实施例有底面2，附在热源并从热源伸出，热量从底面(2)传给流过装置作用面的流体，流体便加快流向装置远端，当流体加速流动时便在绝热状态下变冷，使热交换器作用面与流体间保持温差，有利于进一步热交换。
作用面(1)可包括一片导向片或散热片，如图6、7、10、11、12所示，反之也可包括多片导向片。热交换器(1)也可根据要求的用途在完全或局部符合黄金分割条件下，增加或减少剖面宽度(图6、8与图4比较)。导向片可以是实心的，空心的或如图14、16那样是旋涡形内腔。
根据本发明的热交换器可有很多用途。例如，按图4、6、8所示实施例设计的散热器可向各种热源提供冷却，如半导体、电力变压器、制冷与加热装置，只举几个。在这类用途中，流过热交换器表面的流体形成旋涡使传热效率高，这种有效流动意味着效率更高。热交换器利用更有效，因此尺寸比传统热交换器小。
如前指出，除了得益于改善热交换器表面流体流动外，本发明还提出在物体两边产生温差的另一机制。在图4-12所示的实施例中，当流体在底部2进入系统时，迅速沿径向加速流动，向远端3流动，从而获得最大速度和最小压力。因此流体绝热降温，致使旋涡二侧出现温差。此温差在涡流中是固有的。通过合理设计，物体可利用这个温差。
图13示出兰克-希尔施(Ranque-Hillsch)涡管，其中压缩空气在13处切向进入管中，管子径向有温差，中心线处的流体较冷，此外，中心处沿管子流体的流动方向与周边的相反。因此，由于Ranque效应，在一端14有冷空气，热空气在另一端15，此机构容易获得-50℃的温度，这些装置在目前能量效率不很高。虽然正在试图利用旋涡的温差，但尚未按Φ形旋涡形状设计。因此很多能量通过内部产生的紊流与摩擦消耗了。图14所示第五实施例是一类似于兰克-希尔施(Ranque-Hillsc)涡管的制冷装置，是按本发明设计的。但它未采用图13所示有平行边的管子，而是图4至12所示一个实施例的中空形式，其所有表面都是按照黄金分割的三维曲面。气体由入口1进入中空螺旋形导向片5，再流到出口3。在途中加速并有了压差和相应温降。和在兰克-希尔施(Ranque-Hillsch)管一样，热空气通过出口2排出，冷空气通过出口3提供。
当这样的装置根据本发明原理重新设计时，获得很大效率增量。
图15、16描绘液体或气体的容器，导向片或排气道穿过器壁并固定到前后壁面上，因此另一种流体介质可经导向片通过容器。另一方面器壁6可以是诸如金属那样材料的实心板，排气道7贯穿器壁。图14、15中的导向片或排气道做成像沙漏，见图16，它符合上述原理。经过排气道7的流体通道在容器壁6的一侧面8与相反侧面9之间形成温差，因而引起器壁两侧的热交换。
应明白，本发明范围无需限制在上述实施例的特定范围。
在整个说明书中，除非上下文另有要求，“包括”这个词应理解为意味着包含所述的整体事物但不排除任何其它整体事物。

Claims (18)

1.一种具有作用面的热交换器，流体在其上流过时在流体和作用面之间产生热交换，作用面的弯曲部分基本上或很大程度上与符合黄金分割的至少一种对数曲线一致。
2.权利要求1的热交换器，其特征在于，作用面基本符合自然旋涡的涡度，因此导致流过作用面的流体符合自然旋涡的涡度。
3.权利要求1或2的热交换器，其特征在于，作用面可引起流过其上的流体发生旋涡形的旋转运动。
4.以上任一项权利要求的热交换器，其特征在于，热能随着传热所要求的第二介质以三维对数涡旋运动传播。
5.以上任一项权利要求的热交换器，其特征在于，热交换器二组流动流体之间提供边界，促进由一种流体向另一种流体的传热，其中，边界的两面包括作用面。
6.以上任一项权利要求的热交换器，其特征在于，热交换器基本符合自然旋涡结构中想象的涡线。
7.以上任一项权利要求的热交换器，其特征在于，作用面的弯曲是一维的。
8.权利要求1至7任一项的热交换器，其特征在于，作用面的弯曲是二维的。
9.以上任一项权利要求申请范围内的热交换器，其特征在于，作用面深度可按黄金分割变化。
10.以上任一项权利要求的热交换器，其特征在于，热交换器包括一片或多片导向片。
11.以上任一项权利要求的热交换器，其特征在于，作用面的形状符合软体动物门，腹足纲或头足纲硬壳的外形。
12.以上任一项权利要求的热交换器，其特征在于，作用面符合选自涡螺属、船蛸属、鹦鹉螺属等螺科或蝾螺科硬壳的外形。
13.以上任一项权利要求的热交换器，其特征在于，作用面的形状符合软体动物门，腹足纲或头足纲硬壳的内部构形。
14.以上任一项权利要求的热交换器，其特征在于，作用面符合选自涡螺属、船蛸属、鹦鹉螺属等螺科或蝾螺科硬壳的内部构形。
15.权利要求1至9任一项的热交换器，其特征在于，热交换器包括一条有进、出口的大致为球形或椭圆形的导管，其中，进、出口之间结构内表面的弯曲部分符合基本上或很大程度上遵照黄金分割特性的对数曲线。
16.权利要求1至9任一项的热交换器，其特征在于，热交换器包括的由一片或多片导向片组成的散热片，它从拟传热的物体伸出。
17.权利要求1至9任一项的热交换器，其特征在于，热交换器形状为螺旋形。
18.一种基本上按这里所描述的热交换器。
CNB038019310A 2002-01-03 2003-01-03 热交换器 Expired - Fee Related CN100370206C (zh)

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US7814967B2 (en) 2010-10-19
US7287580B2 (en) 2007-10-30
WO2003056269A1 (en) 2003-07-10
ZA200405899B (en) 2006-06-28
EP1470380A1 (en) 2004-10-27
CN100370206C (zh) 2008-02-20
EA006026B1 (ru) 2005-08-25
US20060249283A1 (en) 2006-11-09
DE03726970T1 (de) 2005-05-04
KR20040078117A (ko) 2004-09-08
US20080023188A1 (en) 2008-01-31
EP1470380A4 (en) 2011-09-28
IL162709A (en) 2008-07-08
MXPA04006592A (es) 2005-03-31
US7096934B2 (en) 2006-08-29
EA200400902A1 (ru) 2005-02-24
IL162709A0 (en) 2005-11-20
US20040238163A1 (en) 2004-12-02
AUPR982502A0 (en) 2002-01-31
JP2005513410A (ja) 2005-05-12

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