CN1639651B - 用于配电系统的数据采样和传输模块 - Google Patents

用于配电系统的数据采样和传输模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1639651B
CN1639651B CN03804613XA CN03804613A CN1639651B CN 1639651 B CN1639651 B CN 1639651B CN 03804613X A CN03804613X A CN 03804613XA CN 03804613 A CN03804613 A CN 03804613A CN 1639651 B CN1639651 B CN 1639651B
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microprocessor
module
signal
isolating switch
source
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CN03804613XA
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CN1639651A (zh
Inventor
戴维·G·弗莱彻
托马斯·F·帕帕洛
约翰·J·多尔蒂
厄图格鲁尔·伯坎
伊曼德·安达拉维斯·安达拉维斯
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ABB Schweiz AG
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General Electric Co
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    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F1/04—Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom
    • G06F1/12—Synchronisation of different clock signals provided by a plurality of clock generators
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
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Abstract

提供一种用于配电系统的数据采样和传输模块(图2)。该模块具有微处理器(42)和网络接口(46)。该微处理器(42)采样表示配电系统中电力状态的第一信号(52)。该网络接口(46)将微处理器(42)置成与数据网络(44)进行通信。微处理器(42)部分基于在数据网络(44)上传输的同步信号来采样第一信号(52)。

Description

用于配电系统的数据采样和传输模块
技术领域
本发明一般来说涉及配电系统。更具体地，本发明涉及使配电系统可进行中央控制的数据采样和传输模块。
背景技术
工业配电系统通常将输入电力分成多个支路。该支路提供电力给工业企业中的各种设备(即，负载)。在每个支路中一般提供断路器，从而有助于保护支路内的设备。断路器设计成由非自动装置打开和闭合电路，并且在预定的过电流上自动打开电路，而在它的额定值内合适地施加时不损坏它本身。由于该自动保护基于电力状态(例如电流)，因此断路器的供应商通常制造大范围的断路器以满足各种电流需求，这将引起库存问题。
辅助保护器使得库存问题更加复杂，该辅助保护器经常密封在断路器的模压本体内。一种普通类型的辅助保护器作为电子跳闸单元已经公知。电子跳闸单元一般包括模-数转换器和微处理器。电子跳闸单元从一个或多个传感器接收信号，传感器例如电流互感器(CT)和/或电压互感器(PT)。传感器监测输入电力状态，并提供该状态的模拟信号给模-数转换器。该A/D转换器将来自传感器的模拟信号转换成数字信号，并且将该数字信号提供给微处理器。该微处理器运行一个或多个控制算法，这些控制算法提供指定的保护、监测和控制特性。
当电子跳闸单元中的每个微处理器的电力处理增加时，每个断路器的成本增加。即，当电子跳闸单元中保护特性的复杂性和数量增加时每个断路器的成本增加。因此，断路器的供应商也通常制造在断路器中的大范围的电子跳闸单元，从而满足各种消费者性能和价格要求。
大量的断路器/跳闸单元结合也为配电系统的设计和安装增加了成本和延迟。另外，可增加与升级现有系统相关的成本和延迟。
因此，存在一种对配电系统的连续需求，该配电系统成本低，容易安装提供指定的增加的保护系统的元件。还可期望这种低成本元件如果其他方面的保护失败可确保基本的过电流保护。
发明内容
在一个代表性实施例中，提供一种配电系统的数据采样和传输模块。该模块具有微处理器和网络接口。该微处理器采样第一信号，该第一信号指示配电系统中的电力状态。该网络接口将微处理器置成与数据网络进行通信。该微处理器部分基于在数据网络上传输的同步信号采样第一信号。
在另一个代表性实施例中，该数据采样和传输模块具有微处理器和网络接口。该微处理器从配电系统中的电路采样电力状态信号。该网络接口将微处理器置成与中央处理器进行通信，这样使得该微处理器可发送包含电力状态信号的第一消息给中央处理器，并且从该中央处理器接收第二消息以及同步脉冲。该微处理器部分基于该同步脉冲采样电力状态信号。该模块可响应该第二消息而操作配电系统中的断路器，并且响应与第二消息独立的电力状态信号来操作该断路器。
在再一个代表性实施例中，提供一种用于配电系统的保护系统。该保护系统包括与第一模块进行通信的第一断路器，与第二模块进行通信的第二断路器，以及中央处理器。该中央处理器与第一和第二模块进行通信，使得该中央处理器可发送同步信号给第一和第二模块。第一模块采样第一断路器上的第一电力状态，并且部分基于同步信号将第一电力状态发送给中央处理器。同样，第二模块采样第二断路器上的第二电力状态，并且部分基于同步信号将第二电力状态发送给中央处理器。中央处理器基于第一电力状态控制第一断路器，并且基于第二电力状态控制第二断路器，以及控制它们的结合。
从接下来的详细描述，附图以及所附的权利要求，本领域技术人员可以注意到并且知道本发明的上述和其他特点以及优点。
附图说明
图1是配电系统的代表性实施例的示意图。
图2是具有模拟后备系统的数据采样和传输模块的代表性实施例的示意图。
图3是具有模拟后备系统的代表性实施例的图2模块的示意图。
图4是具有数字后备系统的代表性实施例的图2模块的示意图。
图5是具有数字后备系统的可替换代表性实施例的图2模块的示意图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图尤其是图1，示出了总体由附图标记10标注的配电系统的代表性实施例。系统10通过多个断路器14从至少一个电力母线12分配电力给支路16。
电力母线12以实施例的方式示出为三相电源系统，该三相电源系统具有第一相18，第二相20以及第三相22。电力母线12也可包括中线相(未示出)。为了清楚起见，所示出的系统10将来自电力母线12的电力由四个断路器14分配给四个电路16。当然，本发明考虑到电力母线12可以具有任意希望的相数和/或系统10可具有任意希望数量的断路器14。
每个断路器14具有一组可分离触头24(示意性示出)。触头24选择性地将电力母线12置成与电路16上的至少一个负载(也示意性的示出)进行通信。该负载可包括设备，这些设备例如，但不局限于电动机，焊接机，计算机，加热器，照明设备，和/或其他电气设备。
配电系统10示于图1中，为中央控制的和完全集成的保护、监测以及控制系统26(此后称作“系统”)的代表性实施例。系统26设置成从中央控制处理单元28(此后称作“CCPU”)控制和监测配电系统10。CCPU28在数据网络32上与多个数据采样和传输模块30(此后称作“模块”)进行通信。网络32将来自所有的模块30的所有信息基本上同时传送给CCPU28。
因此，系统26可包括保护和控制方案。保护和控制方案考虑一个或所有断路器14上的电信号值，例如电流大小和相位。此外，系统26将配电系统10的单个断路器14的保护、控制、监测功能集成在单个集中控制处理器(如，CCPU28)中。系统26为CCPU28提供一组同步信息的全部，该信息通过在网络32上与模块30和断路器14进行数字通信而得到，并且系统26基于该全组数据提供该CCPU操作这些设备的能力。
特别是，CCPU28为配电系统10执行所有的主要配电功能。即，CCPU28执行系统26的所有的瞬时过电流保护(IOC)，短时过电流，长时过电流，继电保护，以及逻辑控制，还有数字信号处理功能。因此，系统26使得设置可以进行改变，并且数据可以记录在单个中央位置，即CCPU28。CCPU28在此通过实施例的方式描述为中央处理单元。当然，本发明可以考虑到CCPU28包括任何可编程电路，可编程电路例如但不局限于计算机，处理器，微控制器，微型计算机，可编程逻辑控制器，专用集成电路，以及其他可编程电路。
如图1所示，每个模块30与断路器14之一进行通信。每个模块30还与至少一个传感器34进行通信，传感器34检测母线12和/或电路16的每相(如，第一相18，第二相20，第三相22，以及中线)中的电力状态。传感器34可包括电流互感器(CT)，电压互感器(PT)，及其任一组合。传感器34监测电路16中的输入电力的状态，并且提供表示该电力状态的第一信号36给模块30。例如，传感器34可为产生与电路16中的电流成比例的二次电流的电流互感器，这样第一信号36为二次电流。
模块30发送一个或多个第二信号38给断路器14和/或从断路器14接收一个或多个第二信号38。第二信号38可表示断路器14的一个或多个状态，该状态例如但不局限于可分离触头24的位置，弹簧加载开关状态，以及其他。另外，模块30设置成通过发送一个或多个第三信号40给断路器来操作断路器14，从而如指定的打开/闭合可分离触头24。在第一实施例中，断路器14不能打开可分离触头，除非系统26指令去这样做。
系统26利用数据网络32以用于从模块30进行数据获取并数据传送到该模块上。因此，网络32设置成在CCPU28和模块30之间提供通信容量和业务管理的指定值。在代表性实施例中，网络32可设置成在模块30之间不进行通信(即，无模块对模块通信)。
另外，系统26可设置成提供一致的故障响应时间。如此处所用，系统26的故障响应时间定义为在故障情况发生时和模块30发出跳闸命令给相关的断路器14时之间的时间。在代表性实施例中，系统26具有故障响应时间，该故障响应时间小于60Hz(赫兹)波形的单个周期。例如，系统26可具有约三毫秒的最大故障响应时间。
网络32的配置和运行协议设置成提供前述的通信容量和响应时间。例如，网络32可为具有星型拓扑结构的以太网网络，如图1所示。在该实施例中，网络32是具有带有冲突检测多路访问(CSMA/CD)协议的全双工网络，该协议一般由取消和/或禁用以太网网络而使用。相反，网络32为用于管理冲突域的切换以太网。
在该结构中，网络32提供至少约100Mbps(兆位每秒)的数据传送速度。例如，数据传送速度可为约1Gbps(吉位每秒)。另外，对CCPU28和模块30之间通过网络32进行的通信可进行管理，以优化网络32的使用。例如，网络32可通过调节一个或多个消息大小，消息频率，消息内容和/或网络速度来进行优化。
因此，网络32为响应时间提供包括预定通信，固定消息长度，全双工运行模式，以及防止冲突的开关，这样在下一组消息预定到达之前所有的消息移动到CCPU28中的存储器。因此，系统26可在中央位置并以集中方式执行指定的控制、监测、和保护功能。
我们认识到数据网络32仅通过以太网网络的方式在上面进行了说明，该以太网网络具有特定配置、构形以及数据传输协议。当然，本发明考虑到使用任一数据传输网络，该数据传输网络确保执行功能性的指定范围所必须的指定数据容量和一致的故障响应时间。该代表性实施例得到CCPU28和模块30之间的子周期传输次数以及全部采样数据从而对具有与传统设备相关的精确度和速度的多个模块执行所有的配电功能。
CCPU28可互相依赖地执行支路保护、区域保护以及继电保护，这是因为所有的系统信息在一个中央位置，即在CCPU上。另外，CCPU28可在中央位置系统信息上执行一个或多个监测功能。因此，系统26提供不被现有系统所考虑的相关以及集成保护、控制以及监测方法。例如，系统26以低成本集成并且协调负载管理、馈电管理、系统监测以及其他系统保护功能，并且容易安装系统。
模块30的代表性实施例示于图2中。模块30具有微处理器42，数据总线44，网络接口46，电源48，以及一个或多个存储设备50。
电源48设置成从第一信号源52和/或第二信号源54接收电力。第一信号源52可为不间断电源(未示出)，多个电池(未示出)，电源总线(未示出)以及其他电源中的一种或多种。在示出的实施例中，第二信号源54是从传感器34得到的二次电流。
电源48设置成从第一和第二信号源52，54提供电力56给模块30。例如，电源48可提供电力56给微处理器42，数据总线42，网络接口44，以及存储设备50。电源48也设置成提供第四信号58给微处理器42。第四信号58表示什么电源正在提供电力给电源48。例如，第四信号58表示电源48是否正从第一信号源52，第二信号源54或第一和第二信号源两者接收电力。
网络接口46和存储设备50与微处理器42在数据总线44上进行通信。网络接口46可连接到网络32上，这样微处理器42与CCPU28进行通信。
微处理器42接收第一信号36和第二信号38的数字表示。第一信号36为由传感器34收集的连续模拟数据，同时第二信号38是来自断路器14的离散模拟数据。因此，从模块30发送到CCPU28的数据为实际电压、电流以及设备状态的数字表示。例如，第一信号36为表示电路16中的电流和/或电压的模拟信号。
因此，系统26通过网络32提供实际原始参数或离散电气数据(即，第一信号36)和设备实际状态(即，第二信号38)给CCPU28，而不是处理过的归纳信息，该归纳信息由设备如跳闸单元，计量器，或继电器进行采样、产生以及存储。结果，CCPU28具有完整的原始系统宽度的数据，通过该数据以作出决定并且能因此基于从模块30得到的信息来操作网络32上的任一或所有的断路器14，模块30与驻留在CCPU28中的控制和保护算法要求的一样多。
模块30具有信号调节器60以及模-数转换器62。第一信号36由信号调节器60进行调节，并由A/D转换器62转换成数字信号64。因此，模块30收集第一信号36并且将数字信号64呈现给微处理器42，该数字信号64表示第一信号中的原始数据。例如，信号调节器60可包括改进第一信号36信噪比的滤波电路(未示出)，放大该第一信号的增益电路(未示出)，将第一信号转换成预定范围的电平调节电路(未示出)，有助于第一信号到A/D转换器62的转移的阻抗匹配电路(未示出)，以及其任一组合。此外，A/D转换器62可为采样保持转换器，其具有来自微处理器42的外部转换开始信号66或由微处理器42进行控制的时钟电路68，从而有助于数字信号64的同步。
期望来自系统26中所有模块30的数字信号64可在基本上同一时间进行收集。特别是，期望系统26中所有模块30的数字信号64表示配电系统10中基本相同时刻的电力。
模块30至少部分基于如图1所示的同步信号或指令70采样数字信号64。同步指令70可从在CCPU28内部或外部的同步时钟72产生。同步指令70通过网络32同时从CCPU28传送到模块30。同步时钟72以规则的间隔将同步指令70发送给CCPU28，CCPU28在网络32上把指令输送到模块30。
模块30采用同步指令70来修改驻留采样协议。例如，每个模块30可具有在微处理器42上驻留的同步算法。微处理器42上驻留的同步算法可为软件锁相环算法。该软件锁相环算法至少部分基于来自CCPU28的同步指令70来调节模块30的采样周期。因此CCPU28和模块30在系统26中一起工作，从而确保来自系统中所有模块的采样(即，数字信号64)进行同步。
因此，系统26设置成部分基于同步指令70收集来自模块30的数字信号64，这样数字信号代表相同时刻的瞬态，如彼此处于一个预定时间窗口内。因此，CCPU28可具有代表配电系统10内的每个监测位置(如模块30)的状态的一组精确数据。该预定时间窗口可小于约10微秒。例如，该预定时间窗口可为约5微秒。
系统26的预定时间窗口可受到网络32的端到端可变性的影响。在代表性实施例中，网络32具有在约24纳秒到约720纳秒的范围内的端到端可变性。在可替换代表性实施例中，网络32具有约2微秒的最大端到端可变性。
已经确定由系统26控制所有模块30到该预定时间窗口，确保在模块的计量和矢量功能，具有坐标数据的系统波形捕获，精确事件记录，以及其他特点上精确度的指定值。在代表性实施例中，精确度的指定值等于传统设备的精确度及速度。例如，约十微秒的预定时间窗提供在计量和矢量功能上约99％的精确度。
从每个断路器14到每个模块30的第二信号38表示一个或多个断路器的状态。将第二信号38提供给模块30的分立I/O电路74。电路74与断路器14和微机42进行通信。电路74设置成确保来自断路器14的第二信号38在预定电压上提供给微处理器42而没有波动。例如，电路74可包括去跳动电路和多个比较器。
微处理器42采样第一和第二信号36，38作为由CCPU28进行同步。然后，转换器62将第一和第二信号36，38转换成数字信号64，该数字信号64由微处理器42打包到具有指定配置的第一消息76中。第一消息76可包括指示符，该指示符指示第一信号响应哪个同步信号70。因此第一消息76正在响应的那个同步信号70的指示符返还到CCPU28上以用于采样时间识别。
CCPU28在网络32上从每个模块30接收第一消息76，并且在所有第一消息中发送的数据上执行一个和/或多个监测算法。基于来自一个或多个模块30的第一消息76，CCPU28可控制一个或多个断路器14的动作。例如，当CCPU28从一个或多个第一消息76探测到故障时，CCPU通过网络32发送第二消息78给一个或多个模块30。
响应第二消息78，微处理器42使得第三信号来操作(如，断开触头24)断路器14。断路器14可包括多于一个操作机构。例如，断路器14可具有并联跳闸装置80以及磁控螺线管82。微处理器42设置成发送第一输出84以操作并联跳闸装置80和/或发送第二输出86以操作螺线管82。第一输出84指令电力控制模块88提供第三信号40(即，电力)给并联跳闸装置80，第三信号40可分离触头24。第二输出86指令闸门电路90提供第三信号40给螺线管82(即，磁通移位器)以分离触头24。应该注意的是并联跳闸装置80要求存在第一信号源52，而螺线管82仅当第二信号源54存在时进行操作。以这种方式，微处理器42可响应第二消息78操作断路器14而与第一和第二信号源52，54的状态无关。
除操作断路器14之外，模块30可传送到一个或多个本地输入和/或输出设备94上。例如，本地输出设备94可为模块状态指示器，例如可视或可听指示器。在一个实施例中，设备94为设置成对模块30的状态进行通信的发光二极管(LED)。在另一个实施例中，本地输入设备94为用于手动操作模块30的一个或多个部分的状态修正按钮。在又一个实施例中，本地输入设备94为用于与模块30进行本地通信的模块接口。
因此，使模块30适合从作为由CCPU进行同步的传感器34采样第一信号36。然后模块30将第一和第二信号36，38的数字表示(即，数字信号64)，以及其他信息作为需要打包到第一消息76中。来自所有模块30的第一消息76通过网络32发送到CCPU28。CCPU28处理第一消息76并产生以及存储指令从而以第二消息78控制每个断路器14的动作。CCPU28发送第二信消息78给所有的模块30。在代表性实施例中，CCPU28响应同步指令70发送第二消息78给所有的模块30。
因此，系统26可基于来自单个断路器的信息，或与来自系统26中其他断路器的一个或多个的信息相结合来控制每个断路器14。在正常操作情况下，系统26在CCPU28上执行所有的监测、保护以及控制决定。
由于系统26的保护和监测算法驻留在CCPU28中，这些算法可以使用而不需要在断路器14或模块30中进行硬件或软件改变。例如，系统26可包括与CCPU28进行通信的数据录入设备92，例如人机接口(HMI)。在该实施例中，CCPU28上驻留的保护和监测算法的一个或多个属性和功能可容易从数据录入设备92进行修正。因此，与现有系统的断路器/跳闸单元相比，断路器14和模块30可更加标准化。例如，需要超过一百个分立断路器/跳闸单元，以提供对于配电系统的保护通常需要的全值范围。然而，由系统26实现的断路器14和模块30的自身特性(genetic nature)能将该数量减少百分之六十以上。这样，系统26能解决现有配电系统的库存问题、更新能力(retrofittability)问题、设计滞后问题、安装滞后问题、以及成本问题。
应该认识到，系统26以上被描述成具有一个与模块30经由单个网络32通信的CCPU28。然而，由本公开想到，系统26能具有在图1中用虚线表明的冗余CCPU28和网络32。例如，在图2中表明的模块30具有两个网络接口46。每个接口46设置成可操作地将模块30通过分立的数据网络32连接到一个分立的CCPU28上。以这种方式，系统26即使在冗余系统之一失效的情况下也保持可操作。
已经意识到CCPU28在某些情况下不能控制断路器14。这些情况可包括第一信号源52中的电力中断，CCPU28的初始启动，网络32的故障，以及其他。在这些故障情况下，系统26包括一个或多个后备系统，从而确保将至少某些保护提供给断路器14。
模拟后备系统96的代表性实施例示于图3中，其中为了清楚起见将模块30的某些元件省略。模拟后备系统96为模拟电路98，该模拟电路98设置成即使另外系统26不工作时，对于选择性故障情况操作断路器14。另外，模拟后备系统96从由传感器34(即，电流互感器)得到的二次电流供电。由于模拟后备系统96由第二信号源54提供电力，所以它即使在第一信号源52不存在的情况下也能操作。
模拟电路98接受来自传感器34的二次电流(如，第二信号源54)，并且设置成确定是否瞬时过电流(IOC)故障出现在电路16中。当模拟电路98确定IOC故障出现时，电路提供第三输出100给闸门电路90，从而操作螺线管82。第三输出100指令闸门电路90提供第三信号40给螺线管82(即，磁通移位器)，第三信号可分离触头24。以这种方式，模块30可操作与系统26和/或第一信号源52的运行状态独立的断路器14。
当系统运行时，模拟后备系统96可与系统26同时运行。在该实施例中，模拟电路98也可提供第三输出100给微处理器42，从而通知故障状态的微处理器。
数字后备系统102的代表性实施例示于图4中。即使系统26的部分不工作，数字后备系统102也可操作断路器14。
数字后备系统102包括微处理器42以及后备算法104，该算法驻留在微处理器上。后备系统102设置成修正微处理器42的运行，从而将其电力使用与从电源48得到的电力进行协调。例如，微处理器42从电源48接收第四信号58。此处，第四信号58表示是否电源48正在从第一信号源52，第二信号源54，或第一和第二信号源两者接收电力。
当第四信号58表示电源48正从第一信号源52或从第一信号源和第二信号源52，54两者接收电力时，微处理器42正常运行。在微处理器42的正常运行下，系统26运行，需要从第一信号源52提供的电力。
然而，当第四信号58表示电源48正仅从第二信号源54接收电力时，后备系统102可控制微处理器42仅运行算法104。算法104设置成与从第二信号源54得到的电力一起运行。例如，算法104可为短时过电流算法，长时过电流算法，以及其任一组合。
在算法104确定故障情况出现在电路16中的情况下，微处理器42发送第二输出86，从而操作螺线管82。另外，第二输出86指令闸门电路90提供第三信号40给螺线管82，第三信号可分离触头24。以这种方式，数字后备保护系统102可响应与系统26的运行状态独立的第一和第二信号36，38而操作断路器14。
数字后备系统102也可设置成单独通过其他方法或与算法104的结合而减小由微处理器42消耗的电力。例如，后备系统102可通过减慢微处理器的时钟速度来减小由微处理器42消耗的电力。后备系统102也可通过切断内部和/或外部外围设备的电力56来减小由微处理器42消耗的电力。内部和/或外部外围设备例如网络接口46，存储设备50，本地输入和/或输出设备94以及其他。
因此，数字后备系统102适合即使系统26部分不工作时而操作断路器14。
数字后备系统106的可替换实施例示于图5中。数字后备系统106具有第二微处理器142，信号调节器160，第二模-数转换器162，以及过电流保护算法204，过电流保护算法驻留在第二微处理器上。
电源48提供电力56给第二微处理器142。由于第二微处理器142仅运行算法204，该第二微处理器可与从第二信号源54得到的电力一起运行。例如，算法204可为短时过电流算法，长时过电流算法，以及其任一组合。
在使用中，第一信号36由信号调节器160进行调节并由A/D转换器162转换成数字信号164。因此，数字后备系统106收集第一信号36并将数字信号164呈现给微处理器142，该数字信号164代表第一信号的原始数据。
在算法204确定故障情况出现在电路16中的情况下，微处理器142发送第二输出186以操作螺线管82。第二输出186，与上述的第二输出86很像，指令闸门电路90提供第三信号40给螺线管82，第三信号可分离触头24。以这种方式，数字后备系统106可操作与系统26的运行状态独立的断路器14。
后备系统的各种代表性实施例为清楚起见除另一个外在上面进行描述。然而，本发明考虑到系统26具有一个或多个模拟和数字后备系统96，102，106的任一组合。
因此，每个模块30可基于来自CCPU28的第二消息78控制断路器14(即，遥控)，并且通过后备设备96，102，106的一个或多个本地控制断路器。
优点是，具有系统26的配电系统10提供多个保护冗余级。一个保护级由断路器14提供，当检测到电路16中瞬时过电流故障时，该断路器14可自动断开它的可分离触头24。
另外，保护和监测的较高级由系统26提供。CCPU28基于从模块30在网络32上传输的数据提供高级保护和监测。另外，系统26可包括与每个模块30进行通信的冗余CCPU28和网络32，从而在一个冗余通信系统故障时确保高级系统保护和监测。
最后，系统26通过后备设备96，102，106提供后备保护给配电系统10。当系统26的特定部分出现部分故障时，当检测到电路16中的选择性故障情况时，后备设备可断开断路器14的可分离触头24。
另外，系统26提供这些多个保护冗余而不需要现有设计的高成本，高复杂度跳闸单元。此外，系统26在系统中提供这些易于安装，设计，以及升级的多个保护冗余。
应该注意的是，术语“第一”，“第二”，“第三”，“上”，“下”等可在此进行使用而改变各种元件。这些改变并不隐含着所改变的元件空间，时间或等级上的顺序，除非有特定说明。
尽管本发明已经参考一个或多个代表性实施例进行描述，本领域技术人员应该知道在不脱离其范围情况下可以进行各种改变，并且可用等同物替换其元件。另外，在不脱离其范围的本发明的教导下，可进行许多改变从而适应特定位置或材料。因此，本发明并不局限于作为实现该发明所考虑的最佳模式所披露的特定实施例，而本发明包括落在所附权利要求的范围内的全部实施例。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于配电系统的数据采样和传输模块，包括：
用于采样一个或多个第一信号的微处理器，所述第一信号表示所述配电系统中的电力状态；
驻留在所述微处理器上的锁相环算法；以及
用于将所述微处理器置成与数据网络进行通信的网络接口，所述微处理器基于由同步信号调整的所述锁相环算法来采样所述一个或多个第一信号，所述同步信号在所述数据网络上被传输到所述数据采样和传输模块。
2.根据权利要求1的模块，其中所述微处理器设置成接收一个或多个第二信号，所述第二信号表示所述配电系统中断路器的状态。
3.根据权利要求1的模块，还包括提供电力给所述微处理器的电源，所述电源接收来自第一源，第二源或其组合的所述电力。
4.根据权利要求3的模块，其中所述电源提供第三信号给所述微处理器，所述第三信号表示所述电源是否正在接收来自所述第一源，所述第二源或所述组合的所述电力。
5.根据权利要求1的模块，其中所述微处理器设置成将所述一个或多个第一信号打包在第一消息中，并将所述第一消息在所述数据网络上进行发送。
6.根据权利要求5的模块，其中所述微处理器响应从所述数据网络接收到的第二消息操作所述配电系统中的断路器。
7.根据权利要求6的模块，还包括基于与所述第二消息独立的所述一个或多个第一信号来操作所述断路器的后备系统。
8.根据权利要求7的模块，其中所述后备系统包括模拟电路，所述模拟电路接收所述一个或多个第一信号并基于所述一个或多个第一信号产生输出，所述输出设置成操作所述断路器。
9.根据权利要求7的模块，还包括提供电力和第三信号给所述微处理器的电源，所述电源从第一源，第二源或其组合接收所述电力，所述第三信号表示所述电源是否正在从所述第一源，所述第二源或所述组合接收所述电力。
10.根据权利要求9的模块，其中当所述第三信号表示所述电源正仅从所述第二源接收所述电力时所述微处理器采用所述锁相环算法处理所述一个或多个第一信号，所述锁相环算法基于所述一个或多个第一信号产生输出，所述输出设置成操作所述断路器。
11.根据权利要求7的模块，其中所述后备系统包括第二微处理器，所述第二微处理器具有驻留其上的算法，所述驻留在所述第二微处理器上的算法基于所述一个或多个第一信号产生输出，所述输出设置成操作所述断路器。
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