CN1652724A - 机电手术装置的传动轴 - Google Patents

机电手术装置的传动轴 Download PDF

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CN1652724A
CN1652724A CNA038107767A CN03810776A CN1652724A CN 1652724 A CN1652724 A CN 1652724A CN A038107767 A CNA038107767 A CN A038107767A CN 03810776 A CN03810776 A CN 03810776A CN 1652724 A CN1652724 A CN 1652724A
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flexible
shaft
flexible shaft
coupling
sleeve
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迈克尔·P·惠特曼
约翰·E·伯班克
戴维·A·泽伊奇内尔
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Covidien LP
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Abstract

一柔性轴(20),包括:柔性细长外套管(28);其中的至少一个传动轴(30、32);及外套管中感测湿度的湿度传感器。另一柔性轴包括:柔性细长外套管;其中的至少一个传动轴;及连接在外套管远端与附件连接的联接器。一套筒,包括:供柔性轴穿过的细长轴;及可选择和变动地将细长轴保持在柔性轴上多个纵向位置中任一位置上的固定装置。一手术系统,包括:机电驱动器;细长柔性外套管;其中的至少一个传动轴;连接在该至少一个传动轴上的由机电驱动器驱动的手术附件;形状保持套筒,其至少一部分位于形状保持套筒中,以将柔性套管的至少一部分保持在预定形状;以及变动地将形状保持套筒固定在柔性外套管上多个纵向位置中任一位置上的装置。

Description

机电手术装置的传动轴
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请在此结合以下参考文献,2001年6月22日提交的美国专利申请09/887,789,2001年4月17日提交的美国专利申请09/836,781,2000年11月28日提交的美国专利申请09/723,715,1999年6月2日提交的美国专利申请09/324,451,1999年6月2日提交的美国专利申请09/324,452,1999年7月12日提交的美国专利申请09/351,534,2000年2月22日提交的美国专利申请09/510,923、美国专利申请09/324,452,和2000年2月22日提交的美国专利申请09/510/927、美国专利申请09/324,452,和2000年2月22日提交的09/510/932。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机电手术装置。
背景技术
现有技术中公开了各种各样的手术装置。例如,Sjostrom等人的美国专利No.4,705,038中公开了一种电力驱动器械的手术系统。该系统包括手持件,该手持件又包括电动机、和供多种手术装置中的一个插入到其中的凹座。该凹座中有一对簧片开关,每一手术装置包括一个或两个磁铁,在该装置与该手持件装在一起时,用于特别组合驱动该簧片开关。该系统根据由装在一起的手持件和手术装置的磁铁驱动的簧片开关的组合而识别装在手持件上的手术装置。该系统能识别的可能手术装置的数量不超过两个磁铁的4种可能组合。
Ams等人的美国专利No.4,995,877公开了了一种有一受驱转动手术器械的装置。该装置包括一手持件,该手持件中有一驱动器械刀片的驱动电动机。该装置还包括一控制单元,控制单元中有一存储由该装置的使用者手动设置的运行数据的存储单元。这类数据可传到一可插入一插入式装置中的代码载体。
Mallaby的美国专利No.5,249,583公开了一种带无刷位置传感器的电子活组织检查器械。一由一电动机驱动的传动轴上有一带切口圆盘和一凸轮。一对传感器布置成:在该带切口圆盘的切口位于一传感器上方时该传感器动作,从而确定该器械的一插管和一管心针的位置。传感器、带切口圆盘、凸轮、电动机和为该器械供电的可充电电池装在该器械的壳体中。
Hooven的美国专利No.5,383,880公开了一种带传感装置的内窥镜手术系统。该器械包括一装在一手持件壳体中的电动机。该系统的一器械的头部中有一传感邻近组织的血液中含氧量的传感器。
同样,Byrne等人的美国专利No.5,395,033公开了一种具有一对钳口的内窥镜手术器械。钳口之一的远端上有一永磁体,另一钳口的远端上有一耐磁传感器。该磁铁在两钳口之间形成一磁场,该传感器测量该磁场的变化,从而确定两钳口之间的距离。
Tsuruta等人的美国专利No.5,467,911公开了一种用于缝合人体组织的手术装置。该装置包括一操作部和一可拆卸地装在该操作部上的插入部。
Hooven的美国专利No.5,518,163、5,518,164和5,667,517公开了一种内窥镜手术系统,该系统的手持件中有一电动机。该器械的头部中有一传感邻近组织的血液中含氧量的传感器。该器械的头部中还有一触头。当该系统的一启动螺帽在该头部中向前移动而在该头部中驱动、形成缝合钉时,该启动螺帽接触该触头,从而电动机反转,使得启动螺帽退回。
Young等人的美国专利No.5,653,374、Alesi等人的美国专利No.5,779,130和Viola等人的美国专利No.5,954,259中公开了一种自供电手术装置,包括装在一手持件壳体中的电动机组件和电源。
上述器械和系统有种种缺点。例如,在多个上述器械和系统中,电动机位于该器械的一手持件中。由于尺寸限制,这些电动机的扭矩一般都很小。在某些上述器械和系统中,向电动机供电的电池位于把手中。但是这类电池系统所能供给电动机的电力很少,从而进一步限制了电动机的扭矩输出。
此外,一般无法精确确定上述器械和系统操作件的位置。
上述器械和系统的另一个缺点是一般需要手动操作这类器械和系统。当电动机位于这类器械的把手中时,操作者的手动操作既笨拙又麻烦。
发明内容
根据本发明的一实施例,提供了一柔性轴,该柔性轴包括一用可高压灭菌材料制成的柔性、细长形的外套管和该外套管中的至少一个传动轴。
根据本发明的另一实施例,提供一柔性轴,该柔性轴包括:一柔性、细长形外套管;该外套管中的至少一个传动轴;以及该外套管中一感测该柔性套管中的湿度的湿度传感器。
根据本发明又一实施例,提供一柔性轴,该柔性轴包括:一柔性、细长形外套管;该外套管中的至少一个传动轴;以及一连接在该外套管远端上的联接器。
根据本发明再一实施例,提供一手术系统的一轴,该轴包括:一柔性、细长形外套管;该外套管中的至少一个传动轴;以及一使该外套管保持预定形状的套管筒。
根据本发明另一实施例,提供一手术装置,该手术装置包括:一机电传动装置;一与该机电传动装置连接的柔性、细长形套管;以及该套管中的至少一个传动轴。
附图说明
图1为本发明一机电手术装置的立体图。
图2为图1中机电手术装置一柔性轴的局部剖视的正视图。
图3为沿图2中3-3线剖取的该柔性轴的剖面图。
图4为图2所示柔性轴的第一联结器的后视端面图。
图5为图2所示柔性轴的第二联结器的前视端面图。
图6为图1所示机电手术装置的一电动机布置的示意图。
图7为图1所示机电手术装置的示意图。
图8为图2和3所示柔性轴的一编码器的示意图。
图9a为一用于图1所示机电手术装置的圆形缝合附件第一实施例的示意侧剖面图。
图9b为一用于图1所示机电手术装置的圆形缝合附件第二实施例的示意侧剖面图。
图9c为图9b所示圆形缝合附件第二实施例的一齿轮装置的一实施例的分解图。
图10为图9b所示圆形缝合附件第一实施例的一存储装置的示意图。
图11为图1所示机电手术装置的一无线遥控单元的示意图。
图12为图1所示机电手术装置的一有线遥控单元的示意图。
图13为一操作图1所示机电手术装置的主操作程序第一实施例的流程图。
图14a-14d为如图9a-9c所示圆形缝合附件一启动例行程序第一实施例的流程图。
图15a和15b为如图9a-9c所示圆形缝合附件一夹紧例行程序的流程图。
图16为9a-9c所示圆形缝合附件一松开例行程序的流程图。
图17a-17d为一操作图1所示机电手术装置的主操作程序第二实施例的流程图。
图18a和18b为图1所示机电手术装置一自测试操作程序的流程图。
图19a-19e为图1所示机电手术装置一现场测试操作程序的流程图。
图20a-20c为一操作如图9a-9c所示圆形缝合附件的主操作程序的流程图。
图21a-21d为如图9a-9c所示圆形缝合附件一启动例行程序第二实施例的流程图。
图22a和22b为如图9a-9c所示圆形缝合附件一夹紧例行程序第二实施例的流程图。
图23a和23b为如图9a-9c所示圆形缝合附件一松开例行程序第二实施例的流程图。
图24a为一例示性可拆开第二联接器的分解图。
图24b示出了装配好的图24a所示的例示性可拆开的第二联接器。
图25为一包括一柔性带锁定机构的例示性可拆开第二联接器完成总装的剖面图。
图26a-26d示出图25所示完成总装的可拆开第二联接器的锁定和解锁的操作顺序。
图27例示出一可拆开第二联接器的传动轴件。
图28a为一连接第二联接器与一手术附件的连接机构的分解图。
图28b示出一装配好的连接第二联接器与一手术附件的连接机构。
图28c为一连接第二联接器与一手术附件的连接机构的剖面图。
图29例示出一使用在一柔性轴中的印刷电路板。
图30a为一刚性套筒的分解图。
图30b示出一装配好的刚性套筒。
图30c为一刚性套筒的剖面图。
图31例示出一包括一感测湿度的湿度传感器的柔性轴。
图32例示出一湿度传感器。
具体实施方式
本领域的普通技术人员在阅读以下结合附图1-32的说明后可理解本发明。附图中相同或相似部件用同一标号表示。
图1为根据本发明的实施例的机电手术装置10的立体图。机电手术装置10比方说可包括一电力遥控台12,该遥控台包括一具有一前面板15的壳体14。前面板15上安装有一显示装置16和指示器18a、18b,这些将在下文中详细说明。壳体14上可伸出一轴20,该轴经第一联接器22可拆卸地固定在壳体上。该轴20可以是柔性的、刚性的、活节的等。尽管轴20在下文指柔性轴20,但应指出,柔性轴20只是轴20的一个例示性实施例,轴20决不限于柔性轴。柔性轴20的远端24上可包括一可将手术器械或附件可拆卸地固定在柔性轴20的远端24上的第二联接器26。该手术器械或附件比方说可为手术缝合器、手术刀、手术缝合器-刀、直线手术缝合器、直线手术缝合器-刀、圆形手术缝合器、圆形手术缝合器-刀、手术夹子敷料器、手术夹子结扎器、手术夹紧装置、血管扩张装置、内腔扩张装置、解剖刀、流体输送装置、或任何其他类型的手术器械。这类手术器械例如可参见作为参考材料包括在此的题为“AStapling Device for Use with an Electromechanical Driver Decice forUse with Anastomosing,Stapling,and Resecting Instruments”的美国专利申请第09/324,451号;题为“Electromechanical Driver Decice forUse with Anastomosing,Stapling,and Resecting Instruments”的美国专利申请第09/324,452号;题为“Automated Surgical Stapling System”的美国专利申请第09/351,534号;题为“A Vessel and Lumen ExpanderAttachment for Use with an Electromechanical Driver Decice”的美国专利申请第09/510,926号;题为“Electromechanical Driver andRemote Surgical Instruments Attachment Having Computer AssistedControl Capabilities”的美国专利申请第09/510,927号;题为“A TissueStapling Attachment for Use with an Electromechanical Driver Decice”的美国专利申请第09/510,931号;题为“A Fluid Delivery Mechanismfor Use with Anastomosing,Stapling,and Resecting Instruments”的美国专利申请第09/510,932号以及题为“A Fluid Delivery Device forUse with Anastomosing,Stapling,and Resecting Instruments”的美国专利申请第09/510,933号。
图2为柔性轴20的局部剖视的侧视图。根据一实施例,柔性轴20包括一外套管28,该外套管可包括一涂层或其他密封结构,以便在套管内部通道40与外部环境之间提供液密。外套管28可用与组织相容的可消毒弹性材料制成。外套管28也可用高压灭菌材料制成。外套管28还可用润滑性高或较高的材料制成。例如,外套管28可包括特氟隆TM(TeflonTM)(即含氟聚合物,如聚四氟乙烯-“PTFE″)、硅酮、特氟隆TM/硅酮组合,如(W.L.Gore &Associates生产的)SIL-KORETM。第一旋转传动轴30、第二旋转传动轴32、第一操纵缆34、第二操纵缆35、第三操纵缆36、第四操纵缆37、和一数据传输缆38设置在柔性轴20的内部通道40内,并沿其整个长度伸展。图3为沿图2中3-3线剖取的柔性轴20的剖面图,并进一步示出了几根缆30、32、34、35、36、37、38。操纵缆34、35、36、37的远端固定在柔性轴20的远端24上。几根缆30、32、34、35、36、37、38中的每一个可容置于各自的套管中。
第一旋转传动轴30和第二旋转传动轴32可形成为高柔性传动轴,如编织或螺纹传动缆。应该指出,这类高柔性传动缆在扭矩传输特征和性能方便具有一定的局限。还应指出,手术器械如下文所述的、图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250、和图9b和9c所示手术缝合附件2250、或其他可拆卸地连接到柔性轴20上的附件可能需要比传动轴30、32所能传递的扭矩更大的扭矩输入。因此传动轴30、32用来传递低扭矩和高速,而例如通过设置在传动柔性轴20的远端和/或近端上、手术器械或附件和/或电力遥控台12中的齿轮装置可将高速/低扭矩转换成低速/高扭矩。应该指出,这类齿轮装置可沿着传动链设置在任何合适的位置上,而该传动链为设置在壳体14中的电动机与可拆卸地连接到柔性轴20上的附属手术器械或其他附件之间的传动链。这类齿轮装置可设置在该手术器械中,也可设置在可拆卸地装在柔性轴20上的其他附件中。这类齿轮装置比方说可包括正齿轮装置、行星齿轮装置、谐波齿轮装置、摆线传动装置、周转齿轮装置等。图9b和9c中示出了圆形手术缝合附件2250的一例示性实施例,该圆形手术缝合附件具有将高速/低扭矩转换成低速/高扭矩的齿轮装置,在下文将详细说明。
图4为第一联接器22的后视端面图。第一联接器22包括分别可转动地连接在第一联接器22上的第一接头44、第二接头48、第三接头52和第四接头56。接头44、48、52、56中的每一个均包括各自的凹座46、50、54、58。如图4所示,各凹座46、50、54、58可呈六角形。但是,应该指出,凹座46、50、54、58也可呈将接头44、48、52、56与容置在壳体12中的电动机组的各传动轴无法相对转动地刚性连接在一起的任何形状和结构,这在下文详述。应该指出,可如下所述用电动机组各传动轴上的相配凸起来驱动柔性轴20上的传动件。还应指出,也可将凹座设置在电动机的传动轴上,而将凸起设置在接头44、48、52、56上。也可使用其他的任何连接结构将接头44、48、52、56与电动机组的传动轴无法相对转动地、可拆卸地连接在一起。
接头44、48、52、56之一与第一传动轴30无法相对转动地连接,接头44、48、52、56中的另一接头与第二传动轴32无法相对转动地连接。接头44、48、52、56中的其余两个与用来在操纵缆34、35、36、37上施加张力、从而操纵柔性轴20的远端24的传力件连接。数据传输缆38与数据接头62电性地和逻辑性地连接。数据接头60比方说包括与数据缆38中各导线对应、数量与导线数量相同的电触头62。第一联接器22包括一使第一联接器22的方向与壳体12中一相配连接结构对准的键结构42。这类键结构42可设置在第一联接器22和壳体12中相配连接结构二者中任何一个上或同时设置在这两者上。第一联接器22可包括一快速连接型接头,该接头比方说可使用简单推进将第一联接器22与壳体12连接在一起。可用与任一接头44、48、52、56、60连接的密封在第一联接器22的内部与外部环境之间形成液密。
图5为柔性轴20的第二联接器26的前视端面图。第二联接器26包括分别可转动地与第二联接器26连接、且分别无法相对转动地与第一和第二传动轴30、32的远端连接的第一接头66和第二接头68。第二联接器26上设置有快速连接型接头64,用于将手术器械或附件可拆卸地连接其上。该快速连接型接头64例如可为一转动快速连接型接头、一卡口型接头等。第二联接器26上设置有正确地将手术器械或附件与第二联接器26对准的键结构74。该正确地将手术器械或附件与柔性轴20对准的键结构可设置在第二联接器26和该手术器械或附件中二者中的任一个上或同时设置在这二者上。此外,该快速连接型接头可设置在该手术器械或附件上。第二联接器26中还设置有一具有电触头72的数据接头70。与第一联接器22的数据接头60一样,第二联接器26的数据接头70也包括与数据传输缆38的各个导线和数据接头60的触头62电性地和逻辑性地连接的触头72。可用与接头66、68、70连接的密封在第二联接器26内部与外部环境之间形成液密。
电力遥控台12的壳体14中设置有用来驱动传动轴30、32和操纵缆34、35、36、37,从而操作该机电手术装置10和连接到第二联接器26上的手术器械或附件上的机电驱动件。在图6所示的例示性实施例中,电力遥控台12中可设置有五台电动机76、80、84、90、96,每一个均通过电源操作。但是,应该指出,可提供任何合适数量的电动机,并且可通过电池、电力线、DC电源、电控DC电源等操作电动机。还应指出,这些电动机可连接到DC电源上,而该DC电源又与向电动机供电的线电流连接。
图6示出电动机的一种可能排布的示意图。第一电动机76的输出轴78在第一联接器22进而柔性轴20与壳体14连接时与第一联接器22的第一接头44连接,从而驱动第一传动轴30和第二联接器26的第一接头66。同样,第二电动机80的输出轴82在第一联接器22进而柔性轴20与壳体14连接时与第一联接器22的第二接头48连接,从而驱动第二传动轴32和第二联接器26的第二接头68。第三电动机84的输出轴86在第一联接器22进而柔性轴20与壳体14连接时与第一联接器22的第三接头52连接,从而经第一滑轮装置88驱动第一和第二操纵缆34、35。第四电动机90的输出轴92在第一联接器22进而柔性轴20与壳体14连接时与第一联接器22的第四接头56连接,从而经第二滑轮装置94驱动第三和第四操纵缆36、37。第三和第四电动机84、90可固定在一滑架100上,该滑架可通过第五电动机96的输出轴98选择性地在第一位置与第二位置之间运动,使得第三和第四电动机84、90与各自的滑轮装置88、94连接或脱开,从而使得柔性轴20可根据需要绷紧和进行操作或松垮。应该指出,也可使用其他的机械机构、电动机构、或机电机构以选择性地连接或断开操纵机构。如上所述的这些电动机的布置和结构例如可参见作为参考材料包括在此的题为“ACarriage Assembly for Controlling a Steering Wire Mechanism Withina Flexible Shaft”的美国专利申请第09/510,923号。
应该指出,电动机76、80、84、90、96中的任一个或多个电动机可为高速/低扭矩电动机或低速/高扭矩电动机。如上所述,第一旋转传动轴30和第二旋转传动轴32可用于传递高转速和低扭矩。因此,第一电动机76和第二电动机80可形成为高转速/低扭矩电动机。可选择地,第一电动机76和第二电动机80也可形成为低转速/高扭矩电动机,此时在第一电动机76与第一旋转传动轴30之间以及第二电动机80与第二旋转传动轴32之间各设置一减小扭矩/提高转速的齿轮装置。这类减小扭矩/提高转速的齿轮装置例如可包括正齿轮装置、行星齿轮装置、谐波齿轮装置、摆线传动装置、周转齿轮装置等。应该指出,任何这类齿轮装置可设置在电力遥控台12内或柔性轴20的近端中,例如第一联接器22中。应该指出,该齿轮装置也可设置在第一旋转传动轴30和/或第二旋转传动轴32的远端和/或近端上,以防止其卷拢或损坏。
图7为机电手术装置10的示意图。电力遥控台12的壳体14中设置有一控制器122,用来控制机电手术装置10和任何连接到柔性轴20上的手术器械或附件的所有功能和操作。还设置有一存储单元130,其包括存储装置,如ROM元件132和/或RAM元件134。ROM元件132经导线136与控制器122电性地和逻辑性地连接,而RAM元件134经导线138与控制器122电性地和逻辑性地连接。RAM元件134可包括任何类型的随机存取存储器,如磁存储装置、光存储装置、光-磁存储装置、电子存储装置等。同样地,ROM元件132可包括任何类型的只读存储器,如可移动存储装置、例如PC卡或PCMCIA型装置。应该指出,ROM元件132和RAM元件134可结合为一个单独部件,也可为分立部件,ROM元件132和/或RAM元件134可形成为PC卡或PCMCIA型装置的形式。控制器122还与壳体14的前面板15连接,特别地,经导线154与显示装置16连接,以及分别经导线156、158与指示器18a、18b连接。导线116、118、124、126、128分别电性地和逻辑性地连接控制器122与第一、第二、第三、第四和第五电动机76、80、84、90、96。一有线遥控单元(“RCU”)150经导线152与控制器122电性地和逻辑性地连接。还设有一无线RCU 148,经无线链路160与一收/发单元146通信,该收/发单元经导线144与一无线电收发两用机140连接。该无线收发两用机140通过导线142与控制器122电性地和逻辑性地连接。无线链路160例如可为光链路,如红外线链路、无线电链路、或任何其他形式的无线通信链路。
一比方说可为一排DIP开关的开关装置186可经导线188与控制器122连接。开关装置186比方说可用来选择在显示装置16上显示信息和提示所采用的多种语言中的一种语言。这些信息和提示比方说可与机电手术装置10和/或连接到其上的任何手术器械或附件的操作和/或状态有关。
根据本发明的该例示性实施例,第二联接器26中设置有第一编码器106,并用于响应和随着第一传动轴30的转动而输出一信号。第二联接器26中还设置有第二编码器108,并用于响应和随着第二传动轴32的转动而输出一信号。两编码器106、108的输出信号可表示各传动轴30、32的转动位置和转动方向。这类编码器106、108例如可为霍尔效应装置、光学装置等。尽管所述编码器106、108设置在第二联接器26中,但应指出,编码器106、108可设置在电动机系统与手术器械或附件之间任何位置上。应该指出,将编码器106、108设置在第二联接器26中或柔性轴20的远端上可精确确定传动轴的转动。如把编码器106、108设置在柔性轴20的近端上,则第一和第二旋转传动轴30、32的卷拢可能会造成测量误差。
图8为包括霍尔效应装置的编码器106、108的示意图。一具有北极242和南极244的磁铁240无法相对转动地安装在传动轴30、32上。编码器106、108还包括相对传动轴30、32的纵向或转动轴线呈约90°间隔的第一传感器246和第二传感器248。传感器246、248的输出是连续不断的,并随着传感器感测范围内的磁场极性的变化而改变其状态。因此,根据编码器106、108的输出信号可在1/4转内确定传动轴30、32的角度位置并可确定传动轴30、32的转动方向。编码器106、108的输出分别经数据传输缆38的导线110、112传到控制器122。根据编码器106、108的输出信号,控制器122跟踪传动轴30、32的角度位置和转动方向,从而可确定与机电手术装置10连接的手术器械或附件的部件的位置和/或状态。即,通过计算传动轴30、32的转数,控制器122可确定与机电手术装置10连接的手术器械或附件的部件的位置和/或状态。
例如,在图9a剖面图所示的一圆形手术缝合附件250中,该圆形手术缝合附件250包括一大小和结构可与柔性轴20的第二联接器26相匹配的联接器260,以便将该圆形手术缝合附件250可拆卸地连接到柔性轴上。圆形手术缝合附件250包括一砧座部254,该砧座部包括一安装在一砧座杆258的远端上的砧座256。通过操作可转动地安装在该圆形手术缝合附件250的本体部252中的砧座传动轴262,可推进和后退该砧座杆258。该砧座传动轴262的近端包括大小和结构可适于和第二联接器26的第一接头66连接的第一接头268。圆形手术缝合附件250还包括一由缝合钉驱动件/刀具传动轴266的转动驱动的缝合钉驱动件/刀具264。该缝合钉驱动件/刀具传动轴266的近端包括大小和结构适于和第二联接器26的第二接头68连接的第二接头270。
第一电动机76的转动造成砧座256的推进和后退,第二电动机80的转动造成缝合钉驱动件/刀具264的推进和后退。砧座传动轴262的节距和缝合钉驱动件/刀具传动轴266的节距为预定和已知的量。即,砧座256和缝合钉驱动件/刀具264的推进距离为传动轴30、32的转动的函数,并且根据传动轴30、32的转动而确定。通过及时确定砧座256和缝合钉驱动件/刀具264在某一点上的绝对位置,根据编码器106、108的输出信号和砧座传动轴262和缝合钉驱动件/刀具传动轴266的已知节距,砧座256和缝合钉驱动件/刀具264的相对位移可用于确定砧座256和缝合钉驱动件/刀具264在其后所有时刻上的绝对位置。在该圆形手术缝合附件250最初与柔性轴20连接时,砧座256和缝合钉驱动件/刀具264的绝对位置即固定并可确定。可选择地,也可根据编码器106、108的输出信号来确定砧座256和缝合钉驱动件/刀具264与如本体部252的相对位置。
圆形手术缝合附件250还包括一大小和结构可适于和第二联接器26的接头70电性地和逻辑性地连接的数据接头272。在该实施例中,数据接头272包括数量与接头70引线72的数量相同的触头(未示出)。圆形手术缝合附件250中设有一与数据接头272电性地和逻辑性地连接的存储单元174。存储单元174可为比方说EEPROM、EPROM等形成,其可安装在圆形手术缝合附件250的本体部252中。
图9b为圆形手术缝合附件2250的第二实施例的剖面图。该圆形手术缝合附件2250包括一大小和结构可与柔性轴20的第二联接器26相匹配的联接器2260,以将该圆形手术缝合附件2250可拆卸地装在柔性轴上。圆形手术缝合附件2250包括一砧座部2254,该砧座部包括一安装在一砧座杆2258的远端上的砧座2256。该砧座杆2258可拆卸地固定在一套针2274上。通过可转动地安装在该圆形手术缝合附件2250的本体部2252中的砧座传动轴2262的操作,可推进和后退该砧座杆2258。砧座传动轴2262上可设有外螺纹,套针2274的近端2276上可设有内螺纹,因此砧座传动轴2262的转动造成砧座杆2262推进和后退。该砧座传动轴2262的近端包括大小和结构适于和第二联接器26的第一接头66连接的第一接头2268。圆形手术缝合附件2250还包括一由一缝合钉驱动件/刀具传动轴2266的转动驱动的缝合钉驱动件/刀具2264。该缝合钉驱动件/刀具传动轴2266的近端包括大小和结构可适于和第二联接器26的第二接头68连接的第二接头2270。缝合钉驱动件/刀具传动轴2266与缝合钉驱动件/刀具2264之间设有一齿轮装置2278。该齿轮装置2278比方说可包括行星齿轮装置、谐波齿轮装置、摆线传动装置、周转齿轮装置等,其可用于将第二旋转传动轴32传递的高速/低扭矩转换成低速/高扭矩,以便弹出和形成缝合钉,这在下文将进行详述。图9c为包括一行星齿轮装置,即四组行星齿轮2280a、2280b、2280c、2280d的齿轮装置2278的分解图。圆形手术缝合附件2250的第二实施例的工作情况与上述圆形手术缝合附件250第一实施例相同。
图10为存储单元174的示意图。如图10所示,数据接头272包括分别经各导线278与存储单元174电性地和逻辑性地连接的触头276。存储单元174用来存储比方说序列号数据180、附件类型识别(ID)数据182和使用数据184。存储单元174还可存储其它数据。序列号数据180和ID数据182可均为只读数据。在该实施例中,序列号数据180为只识别特殊手术器械或附件的数据,而ID数据182为识别该附件的类型,如圆形手术缝合附件、直线手术缝合附件等的数据。使用数据184表示该附件的使用,例如圆形手术缝合附件250的砧座256的推进次数,或圆形手术缝合附件250的缝合钉驱动件/刀具264的推进或启动次数。
应该指出,可装在柔性轴20的远端24上的每一种手术器械或附件可设计和形成为只使用一次或使用多次。该手术器械或附件也可设计和形成为使用预定的次数。因此,可用使用数据184确定该手术器械或附件是否已使用,以及使用的次数是否已超过最大容许使用次数。如下详述,在达到最大容许使用次数后再试图使用手术器械或附件会产生错误状况。
应该指出,图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250只是用于机电手术装置10的手术附件的一个示例。还应指出,例如上文列举的任何其他类型的手术器械或附件也可用于机电手术装置10。不管何种类型的手术器械或附件,在本发明的实施例中,该手术器械或附件包括手术器械或附件正确工作所需的联接件268、270、272,以及存储单元174。尽管所述传动轴和电动机可实现圆形手术缝合附件250的特殊功能,但应指出,传动轴和电动机也可实现其他类型的手术器械或附件的相同功能或其他功能。
回到图7,根据本发明的该实施例,在手术器械或附件最初与柔性轴20连接时,控制器122从手术器械或附件的存储单元174读取ID数据182,并且控制器122从第二联接器26的PCB 635的存储单元850读取ID数据880。存储单元174、850可经数据传输缆38的导线120与控制器122电性地和逻辑性地并联连接,可选择地,也可分别经专用导线与控制器122连接。
根据所读取的柔性轴20的使用数据870,控制器122可防止手术装置10驱动柔性轴20。如上所述,柔性轴20可设计和形成为只使用一次、使用多次、和使用预定次数。因此,控制器122可读取使用数据870,以确定是否已使用柔性轴20,以及使用次数是否已超过最大容许使用次数。如已超过最大容许使用次数,控制器122可防止再次使用柔性轴20。
此外,控制器122可将使用数据870写入柔性轴20的存储单元850。所写入的使用数据870可包括与如旋转传动轴30、32之一或两者的转数、旋转传动轴30、32之一或两者的使用次数、旋转传动轴30、32之一或两者的启动数,和/或柔性轴20已使用次数等有关的信息。应该指出,写入的使用数据870可包括任何形式的信息,以表示柔性轴20与使用有关的任何状态的改变。
根据所读取的ID数据182,控制器122从存储单元130读取或选择与连接到柔性轴20上的手术器械或附件的类型相对应的操作程序或算法。存储单元130用来存储每一种手术器械或附件的操作程序或算法,控制器122根据从一安装好的手术器械或附件的存储单元174中读取的ID数据182,从存储单元130选择和/或读取该操作程序或算法。如上所述,存储单元130可包括可移动ROM元件132和/或RAM元件134。因此,可根据需要更新、增加、删除、改进、或修改存储在存储单元130中的操作程序或算法。存储在存储单元130中的操作程序或算法可根据比方说用户的特殊需要定制。一数据输入装置,如键盘、鼠标、指向装置、触模屏等可经一数据连接端口与存储单元130连接,以便于操作程序或算法的专用化。可选择地或另外地,也可再机电手术装置10的远端将操作程序或算法专用化和预先编程到存储单元130中。应该指出,还可用序列号数据180和/或使用数据184确定从存储单元130读取或选择多个操作程序或算法中的哪一个。应该指出,操作程序或算法也可存储在手术器械或附件的存储单元174中,并经数据传输缆38传输到控制器122。一旦控制器122读取或选择了合适的操作程序或算法,或一旦合适的操作程序或算法传给控制器,该控制器122就使得该操作程序或算法根据用户经有线RCU150和/或无线RCU148进行的操作执行。如上所述,控制器122分别经导线116、118、124、126、128与第一、第二、第三、第四、和第五电动机76、80、84、90、96电性地和逻辑性地连接,并且根据读取、选择、或传输的操作程序或算法经导线116、118、124、126、128控制电动机76、80、84、90、96。
图11为无线RCU 148的示意图。无线RCU 148包括一操纵(转向)控制器300,该操纵控制器在一四位摇杆摇杆310的下方具有多个开关302、304、306、308。通过摇杆310操作开关302、304,可经第三电动机84控制第一和第二操纵缆34、35的动作。同样地,通过用摇杆310的操作开关306、308,可经第四电动机92控制第三和第四操纵缆36、37的动作。应该指出,摇杆310和开关302、304、306、308布置成:操作开关302、304可改变柔性轴20的南北方向,操作开关306、308可改变柔性轴20的东西方向。在这里,东西南北相对一坐标系统而言。可选择地,也可用数字操纵杆、模拟操纵杆等取代摇杆310和开关302、304、306、308。也可用电位计或其他任何种类的致动器来取代开关302、304、306、308。
无线RCU 148还包括一控制第五电动机96的运转,从而连接或断开该操纵机构的操纵连接/断开开关312。无线RCU 148还包括一具有第一和第二开关316、318的二位摇杆314。这两个开关316、318根据与安装好的手术器械或附件相对应的操作程序或算法,控制机电手术装置10和连接到柔性轴20上的手术器械或附件的某些功能。例如,该手术器械为如图9a所示的上述圆形手术缝合附件250,该二位摇杆314可控制砧座256的推进和后退。无线RCU 148还设有另一开关320,该开关可进一步根据与安装好的手术器械或附件相关的操作程序或算法,控制机电手术装置10和连接到柔性轴20上的手术器械或附件的运行。例如,当将圆形手术缝合附件250连接到柔性轴20上时,开关320将启动缝合钉驱动件/刀具264的推进或启动顺序。
无线RCU 148包括一控制器322,该控制器经导线324与开关302、304、306、308电性地和逻辑性地连接,经导线326与开关316、318电性地和逻辑性地连接,经导线328与开关312电性地和逻辑性地连接,以及经导线330与开关320电性地和逻辑性地连接。无线RCU 148可包括与前面板15的指示器18a、18b对应的指示器18a″、18b′,和与前面板15的显示装置16对应的显示装置16′。如有的话,指示器18a′、18b′分别经导线332、324与控制器322电性地和逻辑性地连接,显示装置16′经导线336与控制器322电性地和逻辑性地连接。控制器322经导线340与一无线电收发两用机338电性地和逻辑性地连接,该无线电收发两用机338经导线344与一收发机342电性地和逻辑性地连接。无线RCU 148中可设有一未示出的电源,如一电池,用于向无线RCU供电。因此,无线RCU148可用于经无线链路160控制机电手术装置10和连接到柔性轴20上的任何手术器械或附件的运行。
无线RCU 148可包括一经导线348与控制器322连接的开关346。开关346的操作经无线链路160将一数据信号传输到了收发机146。该数据信号包括只识别无线RCU 148的识别数据。控制器122用该识别数据防止机电手术装置10的未经授权的运行,以及防止另一无线RCU干扰该机电手术装置10的运行。无线RCU 148与机电手术装置10之间的其后每一次通信可包括该识别数据。因此,控制器122可对无线RCU进行鉴别,从而只容许一个可识别的无线RCU 148控制机电手术装置10和连接到柔性轴20上的任何手术器械或附件的运行。
根据编码器106、108的输出信号确定的手术器械或附件的部件的位置,控制器122可对能够还是不能够实现机电手术装置10的功能进行选择,而功能由与安装的手术器械或附件对应的操作程序或算法确定。例如,当手术器械或附件为9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250时,除非确定砧座256与本体部252之间的空间或间隙在可接受范围内,将禁止开关320控制的启动功能。如上所述,砧座256与本体部252之间的间隙根据编码器106、108的输出信号确定。应该指出,开关320仍可动作,但除非确定该间隙在可接受范围内,否则控制器122不实现该对应的功能。
图12为一有线RCU 150的示意图。在该实施例中,有线RCU150的控制件与无线RCU 148相同,不再赘述。图12中与图11相同的部件在原标号上加撇表示。应该指出,机电手术装置10和连接到柔性轴20上的任何手术器械或附件的功能受有线RCU 150和/或无线RCU 148的控制。例如,万一无线RCU 148中的电池失效,可用有线RCU 150控制机电手术装置10和连接到柔性轴20上的任何手术器械或附件的功能。
如上所述,壳体14的前面板15包括显示装置16和指示器18a、18b。显示装置16可包括字母数字显示装置,如LCD显示装置。显示装置16也可包括声音输出装置,如喇叭、蜂音器等。控制器122可根据与连接到柔性轴20上的手术器械或附件相对应的操作程序或算法操作和控制显示装置16。如未安装手术器械或附件,控制器122可读取或选择或接收一默认操作程序或算法,从而控制显示装置16的显示以及机电手术装置10的其他方面和功能。如图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250连接到柔性轴20上,显示装置16可比方说显示表示根据编码器106、108的输出信号确定的砧座256与本体部252之间的间隙的数据。
同样,控制器122根据与连接到柔性轴20上的手术器械或附件相对应的操作程序或算法操作和控制指示器18a、18b。指示器18a和/或18b可包括声音输出装置,如喇叭、蜂音器等,和/或视觉指示装置,如LED、灯、光等。如把图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250连接到柔性轴20上,指示器18a比方说可指示机电手术装置10的电源打开,指示器18b可比方说指示是否断定砧座256与本体部252之间的间隙在可接受范围内。应该指出,尽管只描述了两个指示器18a、18b,但可根据需要增加指示器的数量。此外,应该指出,尽管只描述了一个显示装置16,但可根据需要提供任何数量的显示装置。
无线RCU 150的显示装置16′和指示器18a′、18b′和有线RCB148的显示装置16″和指示器18a″和18b″同样由各自的控制器322、322′根据与连接到柔性轴20上的手术器械或附件相对应的操作程序或算法进行操作和控制。
图13为根据本发明一主操作程序第一实施例的流程图。该主操作程序从步骤1000开始并且进行到步骤1002,在这段过程中机电手术装置10初始化。步骤1002可包括初始化步骤如存储器总体初始化、诊断自测试等。初始化步骤1002后,步骤1004确定柔性轴20远端24上是否存在,即安装有一手术器械或附件(“DLU”)。如在步骤1004确定不存在DLU,控制转到循环1034。如确定存在一DLU,操作程序进到步骤1006,在该步骤中确定是否按下启动键。在这里,启动键指无线RCU 148和/或有线RCU 150的开关之一。特别是,启动键可与无线RCU 148的开关320和/或有线RCU150的开关320′相对应。如在步骤1006确定按下启动键,控制传到步骤1008的例行程序A。例行程序A为装在柔性轴20上的DLU的专用程序。例行程序A下文结合图14a-14b将进行详述。在步骤1008执行例行程序A后,控制传到循环1034。
如在步骤1006确定未按下启动键,则在步骤1010确定是否按下夹紧键。在这里,夹紧键指无线RCU 148和/或有线RCU 150的开关之一。特别是,夹紧键可与无线RCU 148的开关316和/或有线RCU 150的开关316′相对应。如在步骤1010确定按下夹紧键,控制传到步骤1012的例行程序B。例行程序B为装在柔性轴20上的DLU的专用程序。例行程序B下文结合图15a和15b将进行详述。在步骤1012执行例行程序B后,控制传到循环1034。
如在步骤1010确定未按下夹紧键,则在步骤1014确定是否按下松开键。在这里,松开键指无线RCU 148和/或有线RCU 150的开关之一。特别是,松开键可与无线RCU 148的开关318和/或有线RCU 150的开关318′相对应。如在步骤1014确定按下松开键,控制传到步骤1016的例行程序C。例行程序C为装在柔性轴20上的DLU的专用程序。例行程序C下文结合图16将进行详述。在步骤1016执行例行程序C后,控制传到循环1034。
如在步骤1014确定未按下松开键,则在步骤1018确定是否按下一个或多个操纵键。在这里,操纵键指无线RCU 148和/或有线RCU 150的各开关。特别是,操纵键可与无线RCU 148的开关302、304、306、308和/或有线RCU 150的开关302′、304′、306′、308′相对应。如在步骤1018确定按下一个或多个操纵键,在步骤1020启动各操纵电动机。如上所述这些操纵电动机可与第三电动机84和第四电动机93对应。执行步骤1020后,控制传到循环1034。
如在步骤1018确定未按下任何操纵键,则在步骤1022确定是否按下断开键。在这里,断开键指无线RCU 148和/或有线RCU 150的开关之一。特别是,断开键可与无线RCU 148的开关312和/或有线RCU 150的开关312′相对应。如在步骤1022确定按下断开键,则在步骤1024进行断开操作。执行步骤1024后,控制传到循环1034。
如在步骤1022确定未按下断开键,在步骤1026执行空载例行程序。
在步骤1028确定是否终止该主操作程序的运行。如在步骤1028确定不终止该主操作程序的运行,控制传到循环1034。但是,如在步骤1028确定终止该主操作程序的运行,在步骤1030执行一关闭例行程序,然后在步骤1032终止该主操作程序。
应该指出,主操作程序可以图13所示的次序、也可以任何其他合适的次序确定各键是否按下。还应指出,也可比方说在基于通信的、事件驱动的和/或轮询型软件的应用中可实施图13所示的主操作程序以及图14a-14d、15a和15b和16所示的例行程序。
图14a-14d为图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250或图9b和9c所示的圆形手术缝合附件2250专用的启动例行程序的第一实施例的流程图。应该指出,图14a-14d所示的启动例行程序表示图13所示的主操作程序的步骤1008的例行程序A,图14a-14d所示的启动例行程序为图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250或图9b和9c所示的圆形手术缝合附件2250所专用。还应指出,上文列举的其他手术器械或附件也可具有与之有关的其他启动例行程序。
接着步骤1008,在步骤1100确定DLU-圆形手术缝合附件250是否完全打开。如上所述,可根据编码器106、108发出的信号进行判断。如在步骤1100确定DLU未完全打开,则在步骤1102确定错误状况,在该错误状况下,DLU未准备好启动。控制然后传到步骤1120,在该步骤中返回图13所示的主操作程序。
如在步骤1100确定DLU已完全打开,则在步骤1104确定DLU是否完全夹紧。如上所述,可根据编码器106、108发出的信号进行判断。如在步骤1104确定DLU未完全夹紧,则在步骤1106确定错误状况,在该错误状况下,DLU不在一容许启动的范围内。控制然后传到步骤1120,在该步骤中返回图13所示的主操作程序。
如在步骤1104确定DLU已完全夹紧,则在步骤1108确定DLU是否先前已启动。如上所述,可根据编码器106、108生成的信号和/或使用数据184进行判断。如在步骤1108确定DLU先前已启动,则在步骤1110确定错误状况,DLU已使用。控制然后传到步骤1120,在该步骤返回图13所示主操作程序。应该指出,作为确定步骤1108的替代或附加,也可在图13所示的主操作程序中比方说在初始化步骤1002或DLU存在确定步骤1004中作出使用确定。
如在步骤1108确定DLU先前未启动,则在步骤1112确定使用计数。如上所述使用计数可存储在使用数据184中。可在步骤1112进行多个次确定使用计数。但是,可出现使用计数无法减少的情况。在步骤1114确定是否无法在步骤1112中进行使用计数。如在步骤1114确定无法进行减小使用计数,在步骤1116确定错误状况。然后,在步骤1118执行等待循环直到无线RCU 148和/或有线RCU 150的所有按键已复位。在步骤1118确定所有按键已复位后控制传到步骤1120。然后,控制返回图13所示的主操作程序。
如在步骤1114确定可进行减小使用计数,在步骤1122设定启动电动机电流极限值。在这里,启动电动机如上所述与第二电动机80对应。启动电动机然后在步骤1124开始推进缝合钉驱动件/刀具264。
参见图14b,在步骤1126设定计时器。然后在步骤1128确定该启动操作经历的时间是否超过一预定阈值。如在步骤1128确定已超过该启动时间极限值,在步骤1130停转该启动电动机后,在步骤1132确定错误状况。控制然后进到步骤1136。但是,如在步骤1128确定启动时间未超过该预定启动时间,则在步骤1134确定是否已超过硬件电流极限值。硬件电流极限值与启动电动机的阻抗有关,以继续运转。超过硬件电流极限值的状况表明已成功完成缝合操作。如在步骤1134确定未超过硬件电流极限值,启动电动机继续运转,直到超过预定启动时间或超过硬件电流极限值。不管何种情况,控制然后进到步骤1136。
步骤1136为一等待步骤,在该步骤中可经历预定等待时间。该等待时间使得机电手术装置10和圆形手术缝合附件259的驱动件和从动件停下后,进到步骤1138,在该步骤中启动电动机停转。
启动电动机在步骤1138停转后,在步骤1140中将电动机电流极限值设定为全值,然后在步骤1142反向启动电动机,以退回缝合钉驱动件/刀具264,使其复位。然后,砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙一旦超过容许范围,在步骤1144关闭与范围内指示器相对应的指示器18a、18b。可选择地,可在步骤1142开始反转电动机时,在步骤1144关闭范围内的指示器。在步骤1144关闭范围内的指示器之后,计时器在步骤1146复位。
下面参见图14c,根据步骤1146中计时器的设定,在步骤1148确定用于完成缝合钉驱动件/刀具264退回的时间是否已超过预定时间极限值。如在步骤1148确定已超过该预定时间极限值,在步骤1150确定错误状况,即,退回操作无法在该容许时间极限值内完成。但是,如在步骤1148确定未超过该预定时间极限值,在步骤1152确定是否已完成缝合钉驱动件/刀具264的退回操作。如在步骤1152确定未完成缝合钉驱动件/刀具264的退回,控制返回步骤1148。继续缝合钉驱动件/刀具164的退回,直到在步骤1148中确定超过该预定时间极限值或在步骤1152中确定已完成该退回。应该指出,可根据编码器106、108生成的信号在步骤1152中进行判断。在确定缝合钉驱动件/刀具264的退回已完成(步骤1152)或已超过该预定时间极限值(步骤1148)后,在步骤1154设定全值的松开电动机的电流极限值。在这里,松开电动机如上所述可与第一电动机76对应。
在步骤1156,计算砧座256的当前位置与砧座256的最后松开位置之间的中点。在步骤1158将“假想″目标位置设定成预定设定点加上预定偏差值以确保该松开电动机达到其最大或全电流、从而确保该松开电动机输出最大扭矩。在步骤1160启动松开电动机。在步骤1162设定计时器,在步骤1164清楚目标标记。
下面参见图14d,在步骤1166确定砧座256是否已通过步骤1156确定的中点。如在步骤1166确定砧座256已通过步骤1156确定的中点,在步骤1170设定砧座256的“真正”最终目标位置,从而取代在步骤1158设定的“假想″最终位置。然后控制传到步骤1174。但是,如在步骤1166确定砧座256的位置没有通过步骤1156确定的中点,控制绕过目标重设步骤1170直接转到步骤1174。
在步骤1174确定砧座256是否到达在步骤1170设定的“真正”目标。应该指出,如上所述可根据编码器106、108的输出信号确定砧座256的位置。如在步骤1174确定砧座256已到达在步骤1170设定的“真正”最终目标,控制转到步骤1180,这在下文中将进行说明。但是,如在步骤1174确定砧座256未到达“真正”最终目标,在步骤1176将参照步骤1162设定的计时器确定是否已超过预定时间极限值。如在步骤1176确定未超过该预定时间极限值,控制返回步骤1166,松开电动机继续运转以进一步松开砧座256。但是,如在步骤1176确定已超过该预定时间极限值,在步骤1178确定错误状况,即,砧座256可在该预定时间极限值内移入“真正”最终目标。然后控制转到步骤1180,断开该操纵机构。在上述的机电手术装置10的实施例中,该操纵机构可包括上述第五电动机96和/或滑架100。在步骤1180断开该操纵机构后,在步骤1182执行等待环路,直到无线RCU 148和/或有线RCU 150的所有按键都复位。一旦所有按键都复位,控制步骤1184返回图13所示的主操作程序。
图15a和15b为图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250或图9b和9c所示的手术缝合附件2250专用的一夹紧例行程序的第一实施例的流程图。应该指出,图15a和15b所示的夹紧例行程序表示图13所示的主操作程序的步骤1012的例行程序B,图15a和15b所示的夹紧例行程序为图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250或图9b和9c所示的圆形手术缝合附件2250所专用。还应指出,上文列举的其他手术器械或附件可具有与之相关的其他夹紧例行程序。
接着步骤1012,在步骤1200确定是否设定一DLU打开标记。如在步骤1200确定未设定DLU打开标记,则在步骤1202确定错误状况,即DLU未准备好夹紧。然后在步骤1204执行等待循环,一旦无线RCU148和/或有线RCU150的所有按键都复位,控制步骤1026返回图13所示的主操作程序。
但是,如在步骤1200确定已设定DLU打开标记,则在步骤1208确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙是否大于一预定阈值G1、例如5.0mm。如上所述可根据编码器106、108生成的信号进行判断。如确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙小于该预定阈值G1,控制进到步骤1220。但是,如在步骤1208确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙大于该预定阈值G1,控制进到步骤1210,在步骤1210中,分别将夹紧电动机的转速和扭矩极限值设为最大值。在这里,夹紧电动机与第一电动机76对应。在步骤1212设定计时器,执行步骤1214和1218的控制循环,直到超过达到一小于该预定阈值G1的间隙的一预定时间或确定该间隙小于该预定阈值G1。如在步骤1214确定该预定时间已被超过,则在步骤1216确定错误状况,即,夹紧操作失败。步骤1216后进行步骤1204,在步骤1204中,执行等待循环,直到无线RCU148和/或有线RCU150的所有按键都复位。然后控制步骤1206返回图13所示的主操作程序。
如在步骤1214确定未超过该预定时间,在步骤1218确定砧座256是否已完成向一位置的移动,其中在该位置,砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙小于预定阈值G1。如在步骤1218确定未完成该移动,夹紧电动机继续运转,控制返回步骤1214。但是,如在步骤1218确定该移动完成,控制进到步骤1220。
在步骤1220,将夹紧电动机的转速设为小于步骤1210设定的最大转速、将夹紧电动机的扭矩极限值设为小于步骤1210设定的扭矩极限值。然后在步骤1222设定一位置偏差以确保夹紧电动机在砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙接近该偏差值时输出全值扭矩。该偏差值例如可为约1.0mm,以确保夹紧电动机在该间隙约等于1.0mm时输出全值扭矩。
下面参见图15b,控制进到步骤1224,在该步骤重置计时器。在步骤1126,显示装置16上显示砧座256与壳体部252之间的当前间隙值。在步骤1228确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙是否小于一预定阈值G2。如上所述可根据编码器106、108生成的信号进行判断。该预定阈值G2例如可为2.0mm。如在步骤1228中确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙小于该预定阈值G2,控制进到步骤1230,在步骤1230中,启动范围内的指示器,设定一DLU就绪标记。该范围内指示器可与指示器18a、18b之一对应,指示器18a、18b中任一个或两者例如可为LED元件或其它声音或图像指示器。如在步骤1228确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙不小于该预定阈值G2,控制进到步骤1232,在步骤1232中确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙是否小于或等于另一预定阈值G3。如上所述可根据编码器106、108生成的信号进行判断。该预定阈值G3例如可为1.0mm。如在步骤1232确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙小于或等于该预定阈值G3,控制进到下文所述步骤1238。但是,如在步骤1232确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙大于该预定阈值G3,则在步骤1234中确定夹紧电动机是否在预定时间内达到电流极限值。该预定时间极限值内夹紧电动机达到电流极限值表明组织完全被夹紧在砧座256与壳体部252之间。该预定时间极限值例如可为1.0秒。如在步骤1234中确定该预定时间极限值内夹紧电动机达到电流极限值,控制进到步骤1238。但是,如在步骤1234中确定夹紧电动机未在该预定时间极限值内达到电流极限值,在步骤1236确定夹紧按键是否已复位。如在步骤1236确定夹紧按键未复位,控制返回步骤1226。如在步骤1236确定夹紧按键已复位,控制进到步骤1238。
在步骤1238,夹紧电动机停转。然后,在步骤1240执行等待循环,直到无线RCU148和/或有线RCU150的所有按键都复位。所有按键复位后,控制步骤1242返回图13所示的主操作程序。
图16为图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250或图9b和9c所示的手术缝合附件2250专用的一松开例行程序的第一实施例的流程图。应该指出,图16所示的松开例行程序表示图13所示的主操作程序的步骤1016的例行程序C,图16所示的松开例行程序为图9a所示的圆形手术缝合附件250或图9b和9c所示的圆形手术缝合附件2250所专用。还应指出,上文列举的其他手术器械或附件可具有与之相关的其他松开例行程序。
接着进行步骤1016,在步骤1300将松开电动机扭矩极限值设为其最大值。该松开电动机可与上述的夹紧电动机对应。该松开电动机也可与上述的第一电动机76对应。
在步骤1302,将砧座256的目标位置设为完全松开位置。在步骤1304启动该松开电动机。在步骤1306确定松开按键是否已复位。如在步骤1306确定松开按键已复位,控制进到步骤1314。如在步骤1306确定松开按键未复位,在步骤1308确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙是否大于或等于预定阈值G4,该预定阈值G4根据步骤1302中设定的目标位置而界定。如上所述可根据编码器106、108生成的信号进行判断。如在步骤1308确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙大于或等于该预定阈值G4,在步骤1310设定一DLU打开标记。控制然后进到步骤1312。如在步骤1308确定砧座256与壳体部252之间的间隙小于该预定阈值G4,在步骤1312确定松开操作是否完成。即,砧座是否已到达步骤1302设定的目标位置。如在步骤1312确定砧座256未完成移动,控制进到步骤1306。如在步骤1312确定砧座256完成移动,松开电动机在步骤1314停转。控制然后在步骤1316返回图13所示的主操作程序。
图17a-17d为用于操作图1所示的机电手术装置的主操作程序的第二实施例的流程图。图18a和18b为图1所示机电手术装置的自测试操作程序的流程图。图19a-19e为图1所示机电手术装置的现场测试操作程序的流程图。图20a-20c为用于操作如图9a-9c所示圆形缝合附件的主操作程序的流程图。图21a-21d为如图9a-9c所示的圆形缝合附件的启动例行程序的第二实施例的流程图。图22a和22b为如图9a-9c所示的圆形缝合附件的夹紧例行程序的第二实施例的流程图。图23a和23b为如图9a-9c所示的圆形缝合附件的松开例行程序的第二实施例的流程图。图17a-23b所示的操作程序对本领域普通技术人员来说是容易理解的,不再赘述。
应该指出,用于圆形手术缝合附件250、2250的几个电动机和开关件可为圆形手术缝合附件250、2250所专有。在其他手术器械或附件连接到柔性轴20上时,这些电动机和开关可执行其他的功能。
应该指出,该手术器械或附件,如图9a所示圆形手术缝合附件250或图9b所示圆形手术缝合附件2250可在体外、也可在体内连接到柔性轴20上。体内安装手术器械或附件造成的创伤小,病人恢复得快。例如,用普通直线切割装置和直线缝合装置在肠道中进行端对端功能接合术。由于柔性轴20又长又细、呈柔性和可操纵,因此可将其上未连接手术器械或附件的柔性轴20创伤最小地从嘴或直肠插入体内,如插入到胃肠道。应该指出,柔性轴20可以从如人体自然口、切口、插管等进入人体。柔性轴20然后可进一步插入体内、如上所述操纵,从而沿着比方说肠道将柔性轴20的远端24送到治疗处。然后,在柔性轴20的远端24送到治疗处后,用第二联接器26将该手术器械或附件连接到柔性轴20上。可从人体自然口、切口、插管等将该手术器械或附件插入人体中以连接到柔性轴20上。应该指出,柔性轴20可从第一人体口插入人体中,手术器械或附件可从第二人体口插入人体中,第一人体口与第二人体口可相同,也可不同。
手术器械或附件这样连接到柔性轴20上时,可进行端对端接合术,然后从体内抽出其上装有手术器械或附件的柔性轴20。应该指出,手术器械或附件的形状和结构应做成在抽出过程中造成的创伤最小。此外,应该指出,在如上所述抽出前可使得柔性轴20变得较柔软。
图24a示出柔性轴20的第二联接器26的另一实施例,该实施例中的第二联接器以500表示。根据该实施例,第二联接器500的近端可拆卸地连接在柔性轴20的远端上,并可拆下进行如保养、清洗、磨光、修理、诊断、测试、更新等。此外,应该指出,根据该实施例,手术器械或附件可包括一与第二联接器26的远端配合的联结器。
下面参见图24a,第二联接器500包括一可刚性连接到柔性轴20远端上的环节510。环节510包括一环形凹槽515,用于嵌入第二联接器500与该远端盖或顶部690之间形成液密和气密密封的O形圈520。
第二联接器500还包括一插入件535。插入件525的近端530包括带槽口杯755。操纵缆34、35、36和37(图中示出其一部分)的远端插入并固定在杯755中。插入件525还包括供轴承550嵌入的凹座555和一槽口526。
在该实施例中,操纵缆34、35、36和37包括分别可拆卸地且张紧地套在插入件525的各杯755中的球形远端34a、35a、36a和37a。装配时,从柔性轴20远端24伸出的操纵缆34、35、36和37穿过环节510的一孔525。操纵缆34、35、36和37的球形远端34a、35a、36a和37a,使其张紧啮合插入件525的近端530,将插入件525的近端530推入环节510的孔525中,环节510的口535牢牢套住插入件525远端540的近端面545。
轴承550用压入配合、摩擦配合、或过盈配合等嵌入插入件525的凹座555中。每一轴承550包括一孔560。
第二联接器500还包括第一轴连接件565和第二轴连接件575。第一轴连接件565的近端570和第二轴连接件575的近端580例如用压入配合、摩擦配合、过盈配合等插入孔560中。第一轴连接件565和第二轴连接件575各包括一环形杯件625、630。
在该实施例中提供环形磁铁590。这些磁铁590如上所述用于霍尔传感器或霍尔效应装置。第一轴连接件565的远端605和第二轴连接件575的远端610分别穿过磁铁590的一孔615。磁铁590无法相对第一轴连接件565和第二轴连接件575转动地装在第一轴连接件565的第一杯件625和第二轴连接件575的第二杯件630中,从而随第一轴连接件565和第二轴连接件575一起转动。
磁铁590旁设置印刷电路板(“PCB”)635。PCB 635上有供第一轴连接件565的远端605和第二轴连接件575的远端610嵌入的第一槽口640和第二槽口645。PCB 635还包括与手术器械或附件电性地和逻辑性地连接的触头680。
根据该实施例,PCB 635与一穿过插入件525的槽口526和环节510的孔525的柔性数据缆的远端连接。该柔性数据缆的近端与柔性轴20中的数据传输缆38连接。该柔性数据缆在数据传输缆38(从而控制器122)、PCB 635和手术器械或附件之间传输数据。
一接触销密封件675位于PCB 635旁。接触销密封件675包括孔685。接触销密封件675容置和密封PCB 635的接触销680,使得接触销680部分穿过孔685。
PCB 635的远端670旁还有轴承660和665。第一轴连接件565的远端605和第二轴连接件575的远端610分别用如压入配合、摩擦配合、过盈配合等插入在第一远端滚珠轴承650的第一孔655和第二远端滚珠轴承665的第二孔660中。
一远端盖690盖住该装置。远端盖690包括第一孔695、第二孔700、和两接触销孔705。第一孔695和第二孔700中有密封件710。第一轴连接件565的远端605和第二轴连接件575的远端610分别插入和穿过远端盖690的第一孔695和第二孔700与一手术器械或附件连接。远端605和610也穿过密封件710。PCB 653的接触销680部分穿过远端盖690的接触销孔705与手术器械或附件连接。
远端盖690用一锁定机构刚性紧固在环节510上。图24b示出装配好的第二联接器500。将远端盖紧固在环节510上的锁定机构可为任何合适选择的紧固机械件的锁定机构如螺钉、螺栓、铆钉、夹具、夹子、紧固件、粘合剂、环氧树脂、密封胶、焊接、钎焊、超声波焊接等。该锁定机构也可卸下而拆开第二联接器500,从而可对柔性轴进行清洗、消毒、高压灭菌、维修、更换部件、磨光等。
图25为例示出可拆开第二联接器500装配好的剖面图,包括一将远端盖690紧固到环节510上的柔性带锁定机构720。环节510包括第一环形凹座725,远端盖690包括第二环形凹座730。当可拆开第二联接器装配好时,环节510的第一环形凹座725与远端盖690的第二环形凹座730互相靠在一起形成一环形空腔735。一环形带740填满该空腔735,从而防止远端盖690如在纵向轴线745上相对环节510运动,从而将远端盖690紧固在环节510上。环形带740可呈柔性,例如可用金属如不锈钢制成。
图26a-26d示出图25所示的可拆开第二联接器500的装配和/或拆开过程。图26a为装配好的可拆开第二联接器500在柔性环形带740插入前的剖面图。如图26a所示,远端盖690包括一从远端盖690外表面通向环形密封空腔735的切向切口750。如图26b所示,柔性环形带740从切向切口750插入到环形空腔735中。如图26c和26d所示,作用在环形带740上的插入压力使得它因柔性被引入环形空腔735的至少一部分。但是,应该指出,柔性环形带740插入后可占据大部分环形空腔735。如上所述,柔性环形带740防止远端盖690相对环节510的运动,从而将远端盖690紧固在环节510上。
要拆开可拆开第二联接器500时,可用手从切向切口750抽出环形空腔735中的柔性环形带740。环形带抽出后远端盖690可相对环节510运动,从而可拆开第二联接器500。
图27为一例示性轴连接件565、575的剖面图。如图所示,第一轴连接件565和第二轴连接件575各包括一近端孔760。第二联接器装配好后与柔性轴20连接时,柔性轴20的第一传动轴30和第二传动轴32从柔性轴20的远端24穿过环节510的孔525后分别刚性插入对应近端孔760中而可拆卸地无法相对转动地连接到第一轴连接件565的近端570上和第二轴连接件575的近端580上。第一传动轴30和第二传动轴32可各包括一可靠摩擦无法相对转动地插入孔760中的刚性端件。应该指出,在该实施例中,第一轴连接件565和第二轴连接件575可分别从第一传动轴30和第二传动轴32上拆下以拆开第二联接器500,从而对柔性轴20进行清洗、消毒、高压灭菌、维修、更换、磨光、更新等。
图29例示出用在第二联接器500中的PCB 635。如图29所示,PCB 635包括一存储单元850、一任选处理单元855、电路851(例如包括霍尔效应装置或霍尔传感器852)、和一组电地和逻辑地连接柔性传动轴20的数据传输缆38的数据引线860。应该指出,存储单元850和/或电路851也可不必位于PCB 635上而可位于柔性轴20内或柔性轴20上任何位置上如柔性轴20内或上、第一联接器22内或上和/或第二联接器500内或上的不同位置上。存储单元850可为EEPROM、EPROM等、例如用来存储柔性传动轴20的使用数据870,如旋转传动轴30、32的转动次数、旋转传动轴30、32的使用次数、旋转传动轴30、32的转数、柔性轴20的已使用次数、旋转传动轴30、32的转数、柔性轴20与电力遥控台12的连接和/或断开次数和/或可装在柔性轴20上的手术器械或附件;例如初次使用、连接、转动等的日期和/或任何其他数据。存储单元850还可存储表示比方说柔性轴20的类型和/或一特殊柔性轴20等的序列号数据875和/或识别(ID)数据880。任选处理单元855可与存储单元850电和逻辑连接,可用来比方说对使用数据870、ID数据、和序列号数据870中的一个或者多个在存储在存储单元850前进行预处理。可根据霍尔传感器852发出的信号确定传动轴30、32的角位、传动轴30、32的转动方向和/或传动轴30、32的转数等(例如使用磁铁590)。
应该指出,可将柔性轴20设计、构作成只使用一次、使用多次、使用预定次数等。因此,可使用使用数据870确定是否已使用柔性轴20和/或使用次数是否超过最大容许使用次数。如上所述,达到最大容许使用次数后要想使用柔性轴20会造成错误状况。
图28a、28b、和28c示出用来连接一手术器械或附件(例如手术缝合附件250)与柔性轴20的第二联接器500的连接机构800。当然也可使用其他的连接机构。在该实施例中,例如假定用连接轴835表示轴连接件565、575的远端605、610。此外假定一手术器械或附件的近端包括一有第一接头(例如驱动传动轴262)和第二接头(例如驱动传动轴266)、构作成一连接件805的联接器(例如联接器260)。
连接轴835包括多个凹槽840。连接件805包括一孔810和两纵向狭长切口820。一有凸缘830的夹子825插入连接件805的孔810中。应该指出,连接件805可包括任何数量的纵向狭长切口820;夹子825的对应数量的凸缘830插入纵向狭长切口820中。
连接轴835插入连接件805的孔810中,至少一个凸缘830与连接轴835的凹槽840摩擦啮合。这样连接轴835和连接件805可拆卸地、无法相对转动地连接在一起。
尽管在该实施例中,图28a、28b和28c将连接件805示为手术器械或附件的联接器的一部件,将连接轴835示为第一和第二轴连接件565、575的一部件,但应指出,在另一实施例中,第一和第二轴连接件565、575可包括连接件805,手术器械或附件联接器可包括连接轴835。
图31示出一包括一感测柔性轴20中湿度的湿度传感器990的柔性轴20。图31示出该湿度传感器990设置在第二联接器500内(例如装在PCB 635上)。湿度传感器990与数据传输缆38连接将湿度值(例如感测到的湿度数据)传给电力遥控台12。柔性轴20中存在湿度会造成柔性轴20的部件如旋转传动轴30、32、柔性轴20中的电子或电气部件的腐蚀。根据和/或基于感测到的湿度数据,电力遥控台12可用音频或视频信号将存在的湿度传给用户。
图32例示出一湿度传感器990,该传感器包括分别印刷在电路板件997上、与数据传输缆38连接的第一印刷引线995和第二印刷引线996。湿度的存在可改变印刷引线995、996之间的电导率,例如,印刷引线995、998之间的电阻随着湿度量的变动而变动。
应该指出,作为替代或另加,湿度传感器900可设置在柔性轴20的细长形外套管内比方说与数据传输缆38连接。
在某些情况下,手术装置10的用户可能要求柔性轴20的一部分呈刚性(相对柔性轴20的柔性而言)。因此,图30a、30b和30c例示出一使柔性轴20的至少一部分呈刚性或保持所需形状的形状保持套筒900。图30a为形状保持套筒900的分解图,图30b示出装配好的形状保持套筒900,图30c为形状保持套筒900的剖面图。形状保持套筒900包括一有一穿孔960的细长形套筒件905和一定位器或固定装置901,该固定装置包括有一穿孔925的壳体件910、一有一穿孔965的固定旋钮915、和一O形圈920。应该指出,套筒件905可用不可弯刚性材料制成,也可用能变形成不同形状、但一旦变形便保持其形状的材料制成。
在图30a-30c所示实施例中,套筒件905刚性插入在壳体件910的孔925的至少一部分中。如图30c所示,孔925的近端部940的直径比远端部945大。固定旋钮915的远端955刚性插入孔925的近端部940中。孔925的近端部940内表面上和固定旋钮915远端955外表面上可有螺纹,因此固定旋钮可旋入。固定旋钮也可靠摩擦可滑动地与孔925的近端部940啮合。O形圈920装在孔925的近端部940中,由固定旋钮915的远端955压靠孔925近端和远端部940、945之间的交界面950。交界面950处的O形圈因受压缩其环形内表面975的至少一部分如箭头980所示径向向里伸出,从而靠摩擦卡住插入套筒件905的穿过O形圈920的柔性轴20。装配好时,孔960、925、965互相邻接,形成一供至少一部分柔性轴20插入的连续通道970。
柔性轴20的至少插入在该连续通道970中的部分根据该轴件905的预定形状保持刚性。柔性轴20的远端24穿过连续通道970伸出套筒900远端985至少一部分之外,第二联接器26然后可拆卸地固定在柔性轴20的远端24上。如上所述,由于固定旋钮915插入在孔925中,因此O形圈920的环形内表面975靠摩擦牢牢卡住并固定柔性轴20。应该指出,套筒900可用固定装置901固定在柔性轴20上任何纵向的位置上。套筒900一般使得柔性轴20保持预定形状。
应该指出,固定旋钮915可用O形圈920之外的其他方法如螺纹接合、压缩接合、夹紧、粘接等靠摩擦卡住柔性轴20。还应指出,形状保持套筒可用可不用,即柔性轴的使用可不使用形状保持套筒。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (36)

1.一种柔性轴,包括:
柔性细长外套管;
至少一个传动轴,位于所述外套管中;以及
湿度传感器,位于所述外套管中,以感测所述外套管中的湿度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性轴,其中,所述外套管可高压灭菌。
3.按权利要求2所述的柔性轴,其中,所述外套管包括含氟聚合物/硅酮材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柔性轴,进一步包括:
联接器,与所述外套管的一端连接;以及
存储单元,设置于所述联接器中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的柔性轴,其中,所述存储单元存储包括序列号数据、识别数据、和使用数据中的至少之一。
6.根据权利要求5所述的柔性轴,进一步包括:
数据传输缆,设置于所述外套管中,所述存储单元与所述数据传输缆电性地和逻辑性地连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的柔性轴,进一步包括:
联接器,可拆卸地与所述外套管的一端连接,所述联接器用来可拆卸地连接到手术附件上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的柔性轴,其中,所述可拆卸联接器包括可拆卸地连接到所述外套管上的锁定机构。
9.根据权利要求8所述的柔性轴,其中,所述锁定机构包括柔性带锁定机构。
10.根据权利要求7所述的柔性轴,其中,所述联接器包括:包括凹槽的连接轴、和包括凸缘的夹子,所述凸缘容置于手术附件的中空连接件的纵向狭长切口中,所述连接轴容置于所述夹子中,所述夹子与所述凹槽接合。
11.一种柔性轴,包括:
柔性细长外套管;
至少一个柔性传动轴,位于所述外套管中;以及
联接器,连接在所述外套管远端上、用来连接手术附件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的柔性轴,其中,所述外套管可高压灭菌。
13.根据权利要求12所述的柔性轴,其中,所述外套管包括含氟聚合物/硅酮材料。
14.根据权利要求11所述的柔性轴,其中,所述联接器包括锁定机构,从而可将所述联接器连接在所述外套管上和从所述外套管上拆下所述联接器。
15.根据权利要求11所述的柔性轴,其中,所述锁定机构包括柔性带锁定机构。
16.根据权利要求11所述的柔性轴,其中,所述联接器包括可拆卸地连接所述手术附件的连接机构。
17.根据权利要求16所述的柔性轴,其中,所述连接机构包括:
包括凹槽的连接轴、和包括凸缘的夹子,所述夹子容置于手术附件的中空连接件中,所述夹子的凸缘与所述中空连接件的纵向狭长切口接合,所述夹子用来将所述连接轴容置和固定在所述中空连接件中,并与所述连接件的凹槽摩擦接合。
18.根据权利要求17所述的柔性轴,其中,所述连接机构包括:
包括纵向狭长切口的中空连接件、和包括凸缘的夹子,所述夹子位于所述中空连接件中,所述夹子的凸缘与所述纵向狭长切口接合,所述夹子用来容置和固定手术附件的连接轴。
19.根据权利要求11所述的柔性轴,进一步包括:
湿度传感器,设置在所述联接器中并用来感测所述联接器和所述外套管之一中的湿度。
20.根据权利要求11所述的柔性轴,进一步包括:
存储单元,设置在所述外套管和所述联接器之一中,所述存储单元用来存储数据。
21.根据权利要求20所述的柔性轴,其中,所述存储单元存储包括序列号数据、识别数据、和使用数据中的至少之一。
22.一种套筒,包括:
细长轴,用于在其中容置柔性轴;以及
固定装置,可选择和变动地将所述细长轴保持在所述柔性轴上多个纵向位置中的任一位置上。
23.根据权利要求22所述的套筒,其中,所述细长轴为一形状保持轴,所述轴用来将所述柔性轴的纵向部分保持在预定形状。
24.根据权利要求22所述的套筒,其中,所述固定装置包括:包括O形圈的壳体,所述装置通过压缩所述O形圈将所述细长轴保持在选定的纵向位置上。
25.一种轴装置,包括:
细长柔性套管;
至少一个柔性传动轴,设置于所述柔性套管中;
形状保持套筒,所述柔性套管的至少一部分位于所述形状保持套筒中,所述形状保持套筒用来将所述柔性套管的至少一部分保持在预定形状;以及
装置,变动地将所述形状保持套筒固定在所述柔性轴上多个纵向位置中的任一位置上。
26.一种手术系统,包括:
机电驱动器;
细长柔性套管;
至少一个柔性传动轴,位于所述柔性套管中;
手术附件,连接在所述至少一个传动轴上,所述机电驱动器用来驱动所述手术附件;
形状保持套筒,所述柔性套管的至少一部分位于所述形状保持套筒中,所述形状保持套筒用来将所述柔性套管的至少一部分保持在预定形状;以及
装置,变动地将所述形状保持套筒固定在所述柔性套管上多个纵向位置中的任一位置上。
27.一种套筒,包括:
供柔性轴插入其中的形状保持套筒,所述细长轴、所述形状保持套筒用来将所述柔性轴的至少一部分保持在预定形状。
28.根据权利要求27所述的套筒,进一步包括:
固定装置,可选择和变动地将所述细长轴保持在所述柔性轴上多个纵向位置中的任一位置上。
29.一种柔性轴,包括:
细长柔性外套管,由高压灭菌材料制成;以及
传动轴,位于所述外套管中。
30.根据权利要求29所述的柔性轴,其中,所述外套管用含氟聚合物和硅酮的组合制成。
31.一种连接机构,包括:
连接轴,包括凹槽,以及
夹子,包括凸缘,所述夹子用来将所述连接轴固定在柔性轴和手术附件之一的中空轴中;
其中,所述夹子可容置所述中空轴中,所述夹子的凸缘可容置于所述中空轴的纵向狭长切口中,以及其中所述连接轴在所述夹子容置于所述中空轴中时可容置于所述夹子中,所述夹子与所述连接轴的凹槽接合。
32.一种连接机构,包括:
中空轴,包括纵向狭长切口;以及
夹子,包括凸缘,所述夹子位于所述中空轴中,所述凸缘与所述纵向狭长切口接合,所述夹子用于将柔性轴和手术附件中之一的连接轴容置和固定在所述中空轴中。
33.根据权利要求32所述的连接机构,其中,所述夹子在所述连接轴容置于所述夹子中时,与所述连接轴的凹槽接合。
34.一种联接器,包括:
壳体;
旋转传动轴连接件,所述传动轴连接件的至少一部分位于所述壳体中,所述旋转传动轴连接件用来连接旋转传动轴;
磁铁,无法相对转动地固定在所述旋转传动轴连接件上;以及
霍尔传感器,设置于所述壳体中,并邻近所述磁铁。
35.根据权利要求34所述的联接器,其中,所述旋转传动轴连接件由机电驱动器的驱动。
36.一种联接器,包括:
壳体;
旋转传动轴连接件,所述旋转传动轴连接件的至少一部分位于所述壳体中,所述旋转传动轴连接件用来连接旋转传动轴;以及
湿度传感器,位于所述壳体中,用来感测所述壳体中的湿度。
CNB038107767A 2002-03-15 2003-03-14 机电手术装置的传动轴 Expired - Fee Related CN1325024C (zh)

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CN103349558B (zh) * 2007-10-05 2016-03-09 柯惠Lp公司 动力手术缝合装置
CN104918566A (zh) * 2013-01-14 2015-09-16 直观外科手术操作公司 扭矩补偿

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