CN1685632A - 具有数字信道选择器的中继器 - Google Patents

具有数字信道选择器的中继器 Download PDF

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CN1685632A
CN1685632A CNA038140632A CN03814063A CN1685632A CN 1685632 A CN1685632 A CN 1685632A CN A038140632 A CNA038140632 A CN A038140632A CN 03814063 A CN03814063 A CN 03814063A CN 1685632 A CN1685632 A CN 1685632A
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frequency
signal
digital
filter
communication channel
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亚伯拉罕·哈萨希
亚历克斯·巴伯
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Dekolink Wireless Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14Relay systems
    • H04B7/15Active relay systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/10Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • H04B1/109Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference by improving strong signal performance of the receiver when strong unwanted signals are present at the receiver input
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H17/00Networks using digital techniques
    • H03H17/02Frequency selective networks
    • H03H17/0294Variable filters; Programmable filters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/0003Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
    • H04B1/0007Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage
    • H04B1/001Channel filtering, i.e. selecting a frequency channel within the SDR system
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14Relay systems
    • H04B7/15Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium
    • H04B7/15542Selecting at relay station its transmit and receive resources

Abstract

为了在特定频率上中继通信信道,一个接收机(100)接收包括该通信信道的特定频率的信号。一个模数转换器(130)产生与该接收信号相对应的数字信号并且该数字信号通过一个数字滤波器(140),该数字滤波器配置为过滤该数字信号并且通过在该通信信道的特定频率的频率上或附近频率的频率分量。一个数模转换器(150)产生与该过滤的数字信号相对应的模拟信号并且一个发射机发射该模拟信号。

Description

具有数字信道选择器的中继器
发明领域
本发明通常涉及通信领域。更特别地,本发明涉及一种用于通信或者传输系统(例如,双向蜂窝通信系统)的中继器。
背景技术
信号沿传输媒介(例如,同轴电缆、未屏蔽的导线、波导、户外或者甚至光导纤维)传播时信噪比(SNR)发生衰减。信噪比衰减是限制传输媒介的带宽的一个因素。为了提高远距离传输的信号的信噪比,并且因此增加传输距离以及/或者数据传输速率,可以沿着传输途径每隔一段距离设置信号中继器。中继器已众所周知并且可以用于光学、微波以及射频(RF)通信系统。中继器已用作蜂窝通信系统的一部分以扩展蜂窝基站与蜂窝手机之间的覆盖范围。
但是,用于频谱的共享频率范围之中(例如800MHz到830MHz)的一或多个频率上的一或多个信道的中继器可能产生干扰。现参见图1A,其为举例说明在800到830MHz的频率范围内第一蜂窝通信运营商可能会使用的信道频率的频谱示意图。现参见图1B,其为举例说明在800到830MHz的频率范围内与第一蜂窝通信运营商在同样的地理位置的第二蜂窝通信运营商可能会使用的信道频率的频谱示意图。如图1A和1B所示,每个运营商的信道频率绝然不相同。但是,一个运营商的两个或多个信道频率可以在另一运营商的两个或多个信道频率之间,或者可以在另一运营商的一个或多个信道频率的两侧。
一个运营商为了在上述和在图1A和1B中所举例说明的情况中使用中继器,该运营商需要对每个信道单独响应,或者可以使用较宽频带的中继器以覆盖该运营商的几个信道所驻留的频率范围。但是,如果使用较宽频带的中继器,该中继器将可能无意中转发了属于两个运营商的一个或多个信道。转发其他运营商的通信信道涉及运营商希望避免的法律和商业问题。
现有技术中存在模拟信道化中继器。现有技术的信道化中继器使用模拟滤波器排除或者过滤所有信号或者不属于其信道需要转发的运营商的通信信道。例如,如果中继器的工作带宽为800到830MHz,并且使用中继器的运营商拥有在805MHz、807MHz以及809MHz的通信信道,则该中继器可以配置仅允许或通过在该运营商的信道频率上的信号的模拟滤波器。模拟信道化中继器因此仅转发在该运营商的通信信道的频率上的信号。
现有技术的模拟信道化中继器存在许多缺陷,本发明目的就是解决这些缺陷。
发明内容
作为本发明的一部分,一个接收机接收在特定频率上的与特定通信信道相关的信号。一个模数转换器产生与所接收的信号相对应的数字信号,该数字信号通过一个配置为过滤数字信号并通过在通信信道的特定频率上或者其附近频率的频率分量的数字滤波器。一个数模转换器产生与该过滤的数字信号相对应的模拟信号,一个发射机发射该模拟信号。
根据本发明的一些实施例,可以包括第二数字滤波器,其配置为通过在与第二通信信道相对应的第二频率上或者附近频率的频率分量。
根据本发明的一些实施例,可以包括下变频转换器,以将收到的信号下变频为中频信号。还可以包括上变频转换器,以将与过滤的数字信号相对应的模拟信号上变频到发射频率。
附图简述
本发明的主旨在说明书的结束部分特别地指出并清楚地声明。但是,关于本发明的构成和工作方法,及其目的、特性和优点可以结合附图通过参考以下详细的描述得到最佳的理解。
图1A为举例说明在特定的地理区域内可以由第一蜂窝运营商用于四个通信信道的四个频率的频谱示意图;
图1B为举例说明在特定的地理区域内可以由第二蜂窝运营商用于三个通信信道的三个频率的频谱示意图;
图2为显示根据本发明的一些实施例的具有数字信道选择器(digital channelizer)的双向中继器的一个例子的模块图;
图3为显示在图3中的滤波器组的详图的结构图;
图4A到4D为显示在图3中数字滤波器140A到140D的频率响应的例子的频谱示意图;以及
图5为显示根据本发明的一些实施例的具有数字信道选择器的双向中继器的另一例子的模块图。
应当理解,为了说明的简单清楚起见,在图中显示的元件没有必要按比例画出。例如,一些元件的尺寸可能为了清楚相对于其他元件被夸大。此外,在认为恰当的地方,参考数字在图中进行重复以表示相应或相似的元件。
最佳实施例的说明
在以下的详细描述中,为了透彻地理解本发明,给出了许多的具体细节。但是,本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明可以在没有这些细节的情况下实施。在其他情况下,没有详细描述公知的方法、过程、元件和电路以便突出本发明。
除非特别说明,否则,从下面的说明显而易见,在整个说明书中,使用例如“处理”、“运算”、“计算”、“确定”等的术语的讨论是指计算机、运算系统或类似电子计算装置的操作和/或处理,其把在运算系统的寄存器和/或存储器中的、表示诸如电子的物理量的数据,操作和/或转变为在运算系统的存储器、寄存器或者其他这样的信息存储、传输或显示装置中的、类似的表示物理量的其他数据。
本发明的实施例可以包括用于实施在此的操作的装置。该装置可以为预定的目的特别构造,或者其可以包含由存储在计算机中的程序选择地驱动或重新配置的通用计算机。这样的计算机程序可以存储在计算机可读的存储介质中,例如,但不限于,任何类型的盘片包括软盘、光盘、CD-ROM、磁光盘、只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、磁学或光学卡、或者任何其他类型的适合存储电子指令并且能够耦合到计算机系统总线的媒介。
在此出现的处理和显示本身不与任何特定的计算机或装置相关。根据在此的教导,可以使用带有程序的各种通用系统,或者其可以提供方便以构造更特别的装置用来实施期望的方法。用于各种这些系统的期望结构将出现在下面的描述中。此外,本发明的实施例不参考任何特定的程序语言描述。应当理解,在此所描述的各种程序语言可以用来实现本发明的教导。
作为本发明的一部分,一个接收机接收在特定频率上的与特定通信信道相关的信号。一个模数字转换器产生与所接收的信号相对应的数字信号,该数字信号通过一个配置为过滤数字信号和使在通信信道的特定频率上或者其附近频率的频率分量通过的数字滤波器。一个数模转换器产生与该过滤的数字信号相对应的模拟信号,一个发射机发射该模拟信号。
根据本发明的一些实施例,可以包括第二数字滤波器,其配置为使在与第二通信信道相对应的第二频率上或者其附近频率的频率分量通过。
根据本发明的一些实施例,可以包括下变频转换器,以将收到的信号下变频为中频信号。还可以包括上变频转换器,以将与过滤的数字信号相对应的模拟信号上变频到发射频率。
现参见图2,其显示根据本发明的具有数字信道选择器的双向中继器100的模块方框图。该双向中继器100可以包括两个基本部分:(A)上游或者上行链路部分,其接收来自移动装置(例如蜂窝电话)的信号并转发该信号到基站;以及(B)下游或者下行链路部分,其接收来自基站的信号并转发该信号到移动装置。
首先从图2的左到右看上行链路部分(A),有一个输入滤波器110U,例如其可以是一个射频(RF)滤波器,或者更特别地,例如可以是调整为通过在800到830MHz范围内的频率的滤波器。该输入RF滤波器110U接收来自天线的信号并通过在一个或多个将要中继到下变频转换器120U的通信信道的频率范围中的频率。该下变频转换器120U使收到的信号与给定频率的正弦或余弦波混合,从而该收到的信号下变频到中频(IF)。输入RF滤波器110U或下变频转换器120U可以包括信号放大器(图2中未示出)。模数(A/D)转换器130U对该IF信号进行采样,并产生表示该采样的IF信号的数字信号。表示该IF信号的该数字信号进入数字滤波器组140U。图3显示包括数字滤波器140a到140d的数字滤波器组140U的详图。
现参见图3,其显示包括数字滤波器140a到140d的数字滤波器组的结构图。进入数字滤波器组140U的数字信号施加到每个数字滤波器140a到140d上,每个数字滤波器的输出通过加法器142或者功能相等的装置合并。在滤波器组140U中的每个滤波器有单独和不同的频率响应。在通信领域中数字滤波器是公知的。数字滤波器组可以在单个或多个处理器(例如DSP)上或者在单个或多个专用数字滤波器电路上实现。在图3的例子中,显示了四个离散的数字滤波器电路。作为本发明的一些实施例,数字滤波器140a到140d可以是场可编程数字滤波器(FPDF)。即,每个滤波器的传递函数及其频率响应可以重新编程或调整。
现参见图4A到4B,其显示了图3的数字滤波器140a到140d的可能的频率响应的例子,其中,数字滤波器140a到140b分别对应在图1A中举例说明的第一到第四通信信道。即,对于每个数字滤波器140a到140d的脉冲响应或者频率传递特性可以单独设定或者调整,以通过在滤波器的对应通信信道的载波频率上或者其附近频率的数字信号的频率分量。例如,数字滤波器140a可以编程为具有通带频率响应、峰值在如图1A中所示的第一通信信道的载波频率上或者其附近频率的传递函数;数字滤波器140b可以编程为具有通带频率响应、峰值在如图1A中所示的第二通信信道的载波频率上或其附近频率的传递函数,等等。
数字滤波器和数字滤波器传递函数的设计是公知的。虽然上面提到了特定的滤波器和传递函数,但是,目前已知的或将来发明的任何数字滤波器以及传递函数组合都可以作为本发明的部分。
现再参见图2,其显示直接在数字滤波器组140U之后的数模转换器(D/A)150U。该D/A 150U可将数字滤波器组140U的过滤的数字信号输出转变为模拟信号,该模拟信号然后由上变频转换器160U上变频为在输入RF滤波器110U上接收的原始频率。输出滤波器170U可以用来除去任何由上变频转换器160U引入到信号的谐波。上变频转换器160U或者输出RF滤波器170U可以包括信号放大器(在图2中未示出)。该过滤的信号然后可以传递到发射天线并发射。
双向中继器100的下游或下行链路(B)部分可以几乎镜像上述的上行链路部分(A)。区别在于输入RF滤波器110D、数字滤波器组140D滤波器以及输出RF滤波器170D与在上行通信信道上或者其附近通过频率相反,可以调整到接收并通过下行通信信道的频率。
每个滤波器设定的特定频率带宽依赖于通信信道、上行以及下行的特定频率,运营商可能希望在特定的地理位置中继。在图1A以及1B中所示的频率仅为这样的通信信道频率的例子。图1A以及1B中所示的上行以及下行信道之间没有区别。但是,本领域普通技术人员应当理解,在蜂窝系统中,每个下行通信信道可以有相应的上行通信信道。在上行信道频率与下行信道频率之间的关系可以是固定的,或者每个可以在移动装置和基站之间单独协商。
现参见图5,其显示根据本发明的双向中继器100的另一可能实施例。如图2的双向中继器,有两个部分;(A)一个上游或上行链路部分,以及(B)一个下游或下行链路部分。同样,如图2的实施例,上行链路和下行链路部分大体上可以相互镜像,除了它们调整以通过并转发的频率外。
参见图5的双向中继器100的下游或者下行链路部分(B),有一个包括输入RF滤波器110D的双工器。该输入RF滤波器110D通向包括一个低噪声放大器(LNA)以及一个衰减器的前置滤波级115D。该前置滤波模块115D的输出进入射频单元125D,其可以下变频该输出并且还可以包括一个A/D转换器。在数字过滤模块140D中的数字滤波器可以与图2、3或者4A到4D描述的数字滤波器相类似,或者是适合本发明的其他任何数字滤波器。数字滤波模块140D的输出进入射频单元125D,其可以上变频该输出并且还可以包括一个D/A转换器。功率放大器块145D可以包括一个衰减器、一个高功率放大器以及一个功率监视器。自动增益控制电路(AGC)调整该衰减器,使得来自功率放大器块145D的输出信号大体上保持稳定。功率放大器模块145D的输出信号可以传递到并通过一个包括输出过滤器170D的双工器。
对于图2中的双向中继器100,图5的双向放大器100可以配置为在上行方向中继在特定载波频率上或者其附近频率的特定组的通信信道,并且在下行方向中继在特定载波频率上或者其附近频率的特定组的通信信道。在数字滤波器组或块中的数字滤波器140U和140D可以调整以仅通过在相应的通信信道的载波频率上或其附近频率的频率。可以考虑和补偿在数字滤波器中的上变频或下变频导致的载波频率的偏置。此外,本发明的双向中继器100可以调整以过滤在通信信道频率带宽中的窄频带噪声干扰。
虽然本发明的特定性质在此已经举例并描述,但是本领域人员也可以想到许多修正、替代或等价物。因此,可以理解所附权利要求书将包含所有包括在本发明的真正精神之内的这样的修正或者改变。

Claims (11)

1、一种在特定频率上中继通信信道的方法,所述方法包括:
接收包括该通信信道的特定频率的信号;
产生对应于接收信号的数字信号;
用数字滤波器过滤该数字信号,该数字滤波器配置为使在该通信信道的特定频率的频率上或其附近频率的频率分量通过;
产生与该过滤的数字信号相对应的模拟信号;以及
发射与该过滤的数字信号相对应的该模拟信号。
2、根据权利要求1的所述的方法,进一步包括在产生数字信号之前下变频所述接收信号到中频。
3、根据权利要求2的所述的方法,进一步包括在发射所述模拟信号之前上变频与所述过滤的数字信号相对应的所述模拟信号。
4、根据权利要求1的所述的方法,进一步包括用数字滤波器过滤所述数字信号,该数字滤波器配置为使在与第二通信信道相关的第二频率上或其附近频率的频率分量通过。
5、根据权利要求4的所述的方法,进一步包括合并从每一个所述滤波步骤输出的所述数字信号,并产生与该合并的数字信号相对应的模拟信号。
6、根据权利要求5的所述的方法,进一步包括发射与所述合并的数字信号相对应的所述模拟信号。
7、一种用于在特定频率上中继通信信道的系统,所述系统包括:
一个接收机,用于接收包括该通信信道的特定频率的信号;
一个模数字转换器,用于产生与该接收信号相对应的数字信号;
一个数字滤波器,配置为过滤该数字信号并使在该通信信道的特定频率的频率上或其附近频率的频率分量通过;
一个数模转换器,用于产生与该过滤的数字信号相对应的模拟信号;以及
一个发射机,用于发射与该过滤的数字信号相对应的该模拟信号。
8、根据权利要求7所述的系统,进一步包括一个下变频转换器,用于将所述接收信号转换到中频。
9、根据权利要求8所述的系统,进一步包括一个上变频转换器,用于将与所述过滤的数字信号相对应的所述模拟信号转换到发射频率。
10、根据权利要求7所述的系统,进一步包括一个第二数字滤波器,配置为使在与第二通信信道相关的第二频率上或其附近频率的频率分量通过。
11、根据权利要求10所述的系统,进一步包括一个加法单元,用于合并来自所述第一和第二数字滤波器的输出。
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