CN1692382A - 精确的集装箱监控系统 - Google Patents

精确的集装箱监控系统 Download PDF

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CN1692382A
CN1692382A CNA038246090A CN03824609A CN1692382A CN 1692382 A CN1692382 A CN 1692382A CN A038246090 A CNA038246090 A CN A038246090A CN 03824609 A CN03824609 A CN 03824609A CN 1692382 A CN1692382 A CN 1692382A
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shipping container
communication device
radio communication
remote monitoring
stem
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米哈·奥尔巴克
罗尼·科亨
伊莱·戈兰
亚历克斯·伊森伯格
阿尔卡迪·格宁
拉恩·森德
什穆埃尔·布卢姆
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HI G TEK Inc
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HI-G-TEK Ltd
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    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
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    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G08B13/1445—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles with detection of interference with a cable tethering an article, e.g. alarm activated by detecting detachment of article, breaking or stretching of cable
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    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/19—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems
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    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
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    • G07C2009/0092—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys specially adapted for particular uses for cargo, freight or shipping containers and applications therefore in general
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    • G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
    • G07C2209/60—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00174 - G07C9/00944
    • G07C2209/63—Comprising locating means for detecting the position of the data carrier, i.e. within the vehicle or within a certain distance from the vehicle

Abstract

一种可远程监控的海运集装箱，包括海运集装箱体、至少一个无线通信装置和至少一个无线天线。海运集装箱体具有至少一个门(10)和至少一个与门相连的门插销，该门插销安装有插销锁定元件，用来锁定与固定有锁定元件的门相连的连接装置(17)；无线通信装置安装在海运集装箱内的牢固位置上，并用来以无线的方式发送关于电子封条状态的信息，电子封条固定在锁定元件上用来确定至少一个门是锁闭的；无线天线固定在海运集装箱外部的安全盒内，用来发送来自至少一个无线通信装置的信息。

Description

精确的集装箱监控系统
技术领域
本发明涉及货物的海运及运输，更确切地说涉及可远程监控的海运集装箱。
发明背景
我们认为下面的美国专利可代表该技术的当前状态：
US4750197；US5056837；US5097253；US5127687；US5169188；US5189396；US5406263；US5421177；US5587702；US5656996和US6069563。
发明概述
本发明寻求提供一种改良了的可远程监控的海运集装箱。
于是依照本发明的优选实施例提供了一种可远程监控的海运集装箱，包括海运集装箱体、至少一个无线通信装置和至少一个无线天线。该海运集装箱体具有与其相连的至少一个门和至少一个门插销，该门插销安装有插销锁定元件用来锁定安装有锁定元件并与之接合的门；该至少一个无线通信装置安装在海运集装箱内的牢固位置处上，并用来以无线的方式发送信息至远程监控器，该信息是关于安装在锁定元件上的用来确定至少一个门是锁闭的电子封条的状态的；该至少一个无线天线安置在海运集装箱外面的安全壳中，用来发送来自至少一个无线通信装置上的信息。
根据优选实施例，至少一个无线通信装置包括收发器。更为可取的是，插销锁定元件包括防拆卸的可远程监控的电子封条，该电子封条包括杆状部、插座和无线通信装置。该插座以可监控的方式与杆状部接合，因此插座与杆状部的断开是可以监控到的；该无线通信装置与杆状部和插座两者中的至少一个相连，来提供可远程监控的监控事件的指示。
根据另一个优选实施例，可远程监控的海运集装箱还包括至少一个传感器，至少一个无线发送器和至少一个无线天线。该传感器用来感知海运集装箱内的至少一种状态；该无线发送器和该无线天线用来以无线的方式将关于至少一个传感器输出的信息发送至远处的监控器。更为可取的是，至少一个传感器感知运动、二氧化碳、红外辐射和温度这四者中的至少一种。另外，至少一个无线通信装置还发送关于货物状态的信息，该货物是指放置在海运集装箱体内的货物。
根据另外一个优选实施例，可远程监控的海运集装箱还包括至少一个GPS天线和位置报告电路。该GPS天线用来接收涉及海运集装箱位置的信号；该位置报告电路响应至少一个GPS天线的输出，把指示海运集装箱位置的信息提供到至少一个无线通信装置上。更为可取的是，至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个RF发送器。另外，至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个宽频发送器。更好的是，至少一个无线通信装置包括发送器，该发送器是通过蜂窝式、无线电式和卫星式三种通信网络中的至少一种来通信的。
另外根据本发明的优选实施例，还提供了一种海运集装箱通信系统，该系统包括可远程监控的海运集装箱，至少一个无线通信装置和至少一个无线天线。可远程监控的海运集装箱包括海运集装箱体，该海运集装箱体具有与其连接的至少一个门和至少一个门插销，该门插销安装有插销锁定元件用来与安装有锁定元件的门锁定装置连接；该无线通信装置安装在海运集装箱内的牢固位置上，用来以无线的方式把指示电子封条状态的信息发送至远处的监控器，该电子封条是安装在锁定元件上的用来确定至少一个门是锁闭的；该无线天线安装在海运集装箱外面的安全盒中，用来发送来自至少一个无线通信装置的信息。海运集装箱通信系统还包括至少一个遥控通信装置，该遥控通信装置与至少一个无线通信装置连通。更为可取的是，至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个收发器，该收发器与至少一个遥控通信装置通信。另外，至少一个远程通信装置包括存在传感器与通信装置、远程监控器和电子封条三者中的至少一个。
附图说明
结合附图通过对下文的详细描述，本发明将更易于理解掌握，其中：
图1为根据本发明优选实施例的海运集装箱通信系统的结构及操作的简示图；
图2所示为图1中示出类型的海运集装箱的门锁手柄的封条连接的简示图；
图3为图2中沿III-III线的局部示意图；
图4所示为图1所示类型的海运集装箱的门锁手柄的封条连接的另一个实施例的简示图；
图5A和图5B为图4中所示类型特别适用于防拆卸可远程监控电子封条的压入配合式电子封条在装配过程中两个阶段的简示图。
图6A和图6B为在图5A和图5B的压入配合式电子封条发生两个不同类型断裂的简示图；
图7A和图7B为特别有益于作为图4中所示类型的防拆卸可远程监控电子封条的可锁定电子封条在装配的过程中两个阶段的简示图；
图8A和图8B为在图7A和图7B中的可锁定电子封条上产生两个不同类型断裂的简示图；
图9A和图9B为特别有益于作为图4中所示类型的防拆卸可远程监控电子封条的压入配合式电子封条在装配过程中两个阶段的简示图；
图10A和图10B为图9A和图9B中的压入配合式电子封条上产生两种不同类型断裂的简示图；
图11A和图11B为特别有益于用作图4中所示类型的防拆卸可远程监控电子封条的可锁定电子封条在装配过程中两个阶段的简示图；和
图12A和图12B为图11A和图11B中的可锁定电子封条上产生两种不同类型断裂的简示图。
优选实施例的详细描述
现在参照图1-3，其所示为根据本发明优选实施例的一种海运集装箱通信系统的结构及操作情况。如图1中所示，海运集装箱10可以是传统的用于陆路和海路运输的海运集装箱，图中显示该海运集装箱与多路通信装置通信，该通信装置例如包括存在传感器与通信装置12和远程监控中心14。其中存在传感器与通信装置12位于港口大门上；远程监控中心14可以通过因特网(internet)来通信。很明显任何合适类型的海运集装箱都可以使用。这里所使用的术语“海运集装箱”具有非常宽泛的概念，包括任何其中的货物可以被运输或存储的盒子。
通常来说，海运集装箱使用一个或多个搭扣15，搭扣用来固定门插销，并以图1和图2中所示的方式可旋转地与相应的锁定元件例如环钮16接合。典型的是挂锁17衔接在环钮16的部分上，环钮16透过搭扣15伸出来，来防止搭扣15从环钮16脱离并以此防止门没有锁闭。为了确定锁的完整性，电子封条18最好在搭扣15上面穿过环钮16。优选的电子封条线已在申请人/受让人的美国专利No.6069563中描述并要求保护，因此本文引用该专利中的描述并将其作为参考。
根据本发明的优选实施例，第一和第二插头19分别与电子封条线18的第一和第二末端电连接，并且第一和第二插头分别可拆卸地连接到插座20上，该插座凹陷到集装箱门壁22的后面。
参见图3所示依照本发明的优选实施例，插座20与电子电路23连通，该电子电路通过导线24依次与RF天线26连通，RF天线26位于集装箱外壁30所确定的盒子28中，该盒子典型地是由钢制成，盖子32最好是由塑料或者其他绝缘材料制成，一点也不会削弱RF天线26的输出。
更为可取的是，多路收发器构成电路23的一部分，用来接收和发送涉及封条完整性的信息。每一个收发器最好都运行在世界各地的特定的RF频率特性上，并通过相应的多路RF天线26来通信。远东地区典型的发送频率是315MHz，欧洲用433MHz，而美国使用916MHz。扩展频谱频率也是可以使用的。也可以使用另外的单向发送器代替收发器。收发器最好与安装在集装箱上的电子封条连通，另外还与外面的通信装置连通，外面的通信装置例如是位于港口大门上的存在传感器与通信装置12，以及远程监控中心14。存在传感器与通信装置12还可以与远程监控中心14相连通。
另外根据本发明的优选实施例，GPS天线34和GSM天线36和/或其他合适类型的通信天线还可以设置在盒子28中，并可以与电路系统23通信，用来通过天线26和36将发送电路系统23所记录到的数据传送至远程监控中心14。内置的环境传感器38例如是一个或多个传感器还可以与电路系统23连通，该环境传感器38可以感知二氧化碳、红外辐射、温度和运动。传感器38的输出可以用来指示集装箱中违禁物品的存在，并且还可以通过天线26和36发送该传感器38的输出以实现远程监控。
现在参照图4，其所示为根据本发明的优选实施例的海运集装箱通信系统的结构及运行情况锁闭海运集装箱的另一个实施例。如图4中所示，海运集装箱110可以是传统的用于陆路和海路运输的海运集装箱，该集装箱还可以与多路通信装置相连通并应用一个或多个搭扣115，搭扣115固定在门插销上并且还可以以图1和图2中所示的方式旋转地与相应的可锁定元件例如环钮116接合。这里使用防拆卸可远程监控的电子封条117来代替上文参照图1和图2所描述的挂锁17。防拆卸可远程监控的电子封条117的优选实施例将在下文中参照图5A-12B来描述，该电子封条117与环钮116透过搭扣115伸出的一部分啮合，来阻止搭扣从环钮上脱落并以此来防止门没有锁闭。为了另外确定锁的完整性，电子封条线118最好压在搭扣115上并穿过环钮116。优选的电子封条线已经在申请人/受让人的美国专利No.6069563中描述并要求保护，因此本文引用其对电子封条的描述并将其作为参考。在图4中的说明性实施例中，电子封条线118包裹在加固的钢套筒119中。
依照本发明的优选实施例，第一插头和第二插头120分别与电子封条线118的第一端和第二端电连接，第一和第二插头以可拆卸的方式连接到相应的插座121内，该插座121凹陷到集装箱的门壁122的后面。
根据本发明的优选实施例，插座121与电子电路系统(没有示出)例如电路系统23(图3)相连通，电路系统依次与位于由集装箱的外壁124和盖子125所限定的盒子28(图3)中的RF天线相连通，该盒子典型的是由钢制成，该盖子最好是由塑料或其他绝缘体材料制成的，这些材料不会削弱RF发送天线的输出。防拆卸可远程监控的电子封条117还应该可以直接和存在传感器与通信装置122相连通。
现在参照图5A和图5B，其所示为特别有益于用作图4中实施例的防拆卸式可远程监控电子封条117的压入配合式电子封条在装配中的两个阶段的简示图。
参见图5A和图5B，提供了一种防拆卸式电子封条其最好包括杆状部210，该杆状部或者是与感应电路和收发器部分212构成一个整体，或者是固定在感应电路和收发器部分212上。杆状部210最好具有大概为圆柱形的外形，并以适合压入配合的末端214结束，并最好能形成一系列圆周状齿216，该圆周状齿适合以压入配合的方式与形成在插座218中相应的齿形凹口槽连接。压入配合使得杆状部210的末端214和插座218两者之间啮合，啮合最好是这样的，即不将杆状部210破坏是不可能从插座218中拔出末端214的。
杆状部210最好包括一个削弱了的脆弱部220，该脆弱部设置在感应电路与收发器部212和末端214中间。脆弱部220与感应电路与收发器部212之间的距离最好比其与末端214之间的距离短，典型的是脆弱部比杆状部210的其余部分更薄一些。
导体环222最好穿过杆状部210而从杆状部的末端214伸出，导体环配置并安装在杆状部210中，这样，杆状部210的断开就在导体环222的电特征上产生断开或产生明显改变。
根据本发明的优选实施例，感应电路224和RF收发器226封装在感应电路与收发器部分212中。感应电路224是与导体环222电连接的并来感应导体环的完整性。收发器226来接收感应电路224的输出，收发器的运行是来发送指示导体环222是否完整的信号的。可以应用传统的无线监控电路(没有示出)来接收RF收发器226所发射的信息，该信息来指示封条的损坏，封条的损坏会导致杆状部210的断裂。
现在参照图6A和图6B，其所示为在图5A和图5B中的压入配合式电子封条产生两种不同类型断裂的简示图。正如上文所提到的，施加一个力到图6A和图6B的封条上以将杆状部210从插座218中拔出，这不会引起末端214从插座218脱离，也不会事先将杆状部210打破。图6A所示为沿着杆状部210且就在末端214上产生的断裂。可以看出，这样的破裂会产生导体环222的电特性的断开或明显的改变。
图6B所示的断裂是发生在沿着杆状部210的脆弱部220处。可以看出，这样的破裂也会产生导体环222的电特性的断开或明显的改变。
现在参照图7A和图7B，其所示为特别有益于用作图4中实施例的防拆卸式可远程监控电子封条117的可锁定电子封条在装配中两个阶段的简示图。
如图7A和7B中所示，这里提供了一种防拆卸式可重复使用的可锁定电子封条，该电子封条最好包含杆状部310，该杆状部或者与感应电路和收发器部分312整体成型，或者固定在感应电路与收发器部分312上。杆状部310最好具有大概呈圆柱形的外形，并且以可锁定的末端314结束，并最好带有一个切削的凹槽315，该凹槽适合用来与相应的锁定元件316可锁定地连接，其中锁定元件316构成锁318的一部分，锁318限定插座，并包括磁铁319。这里所示的锁318是一个带钥匙的锁，其他任何合适类型的锁应该都可以使用。在杆状部310的末端314和锁定元件316两者之间的锁定接合最好是这样，不事先打开锁，只有打碎杆状部310才可能将末端314从与之接合的锁定元件316中取出来。
杆状部310最好包括削弱了的脆弱部320，该脆弱部在感应电路与发送器部分312和末端314中间。脆弱部320与感应电路和发送器部312之间的距离最好短于其与末端314之间的距离，并且典型的是该脆弱部比杆状部310的其余部分要薄一些。
导体环322包括一个串连的簧片开关323，该簧片开关在杆状部310与锁318锁定接合的时候通过磁铁319来闭合，导体环最好穿过杆状部的末端314伸出杆状部310之外，并配置安装在杆状部310中，这样就使得杆状部310的破裂导致导体环322电特性的断开或明显的改变。
根据本发明的优选实施例，感应电路324和RF发送器326封装在感应电路与发送器部312中。感应电路324电连接到导体环322上，并来感知导体环的完整性。收发器326来接收感应电路324的输出，收发器的运行将导体环322是否完整的信息发送出去。可以使用传统的无线监控电路(未示出)来接收RF收发器326所发送的信息，该信息来指示杆状部310何时安置在可锁定接合的锁318中，以及杆状部310何时从锁318中脱离，这种脱离或者是由于拆卸封条导致的杆状部310断裂导致的，或者是由于用钥匙打开锁318导致的杆状部310与锁318脱离。提供的簧片开关323和磁铁319应该能使感应电路324能够感知杆状部310何时与锁318锁定接合以及杆状部310何时从锁318中脱离，不管是上述哪一个原因导致的脱离，并允许记录杆状部310和锁318的接合或不接合。
现在参照图8A和图8B，其所示为图7A和图7B中可锁定电子封条中发生两个不同类型断裂的简示图。如同上文所述，施加一个力至图8A和图8B中的封条上以将杆状部310从锁定元件316中拔出来，这将不会使得末端314从锁定元件316中脱离，不必事先打碎杆状部310。图8A所示是沿着杆状部310在末端314处的断裂。可以看出就导体环322的电特性上来说这样的断裂产生断开或明显的改变。
图8B所示为沿着杆状部310在脆弱部320处断裂。可以看出这样的断裂就导体环322的电特性上来说产生断开或有效的改变。
在图7A-8B的说明性实施例中所示的簧片开关和磁铁还应该可以用在图5A-6B的实施例中。
现在参照图9A和图9B，其所示为特别有益于用作图4中实施例的防拆卸式可远程监控的电子封条117的压入配合式电子封条在装配过程中两个阶段的简示图。
如图9A和9B中所示，其提供了一种防拆卸式电子封条，该电子封条最好包括杆状部410，该杆状部和感应电路与发送器部分412整体地成型，或者该杆状部和感应电路与发送器部分412整体地固定。杆状部410最好具有大概为圆柱形的外形，并以适合压入配合的末端414作为终端，并最好形成有一系列圆周形齿416，圆周形齿适合与相应的形成在插座418中的齿状凹槽按压接合。杆状部410的末端414和插座418两者之间的压入配合式接合最好是这样，即不破坏杆状部410是不可能将末端414从插座418中拔出来的。
杆状部410最好包括削弱了的脆弱部420，脆弱部设置在感应电路与收发器部412与末端414中间。脆弱部420距感应电路与收发器部412之间的距离最好短于其与末端414之间的距离，典型的是，脆弱部比杆状部410的其余部分要薄一些。
一对细长的导体422和424最好伸出杆状部410直到穿过杆状部的末端414，细长的导体配置并安装在杆状部410中，这样就使得杆状部410的断裂导致导体422和424中的至少一个、最好是两个的电特性产生断开或明显的改变。更可取的是，导体422和424分别与触点426和428相连通，当杆状部410完全按压装配到插座418时，触点就暴露在末端414的末端并安置的与在插座418相应的内表面的电子短触点430电连接，以此来限定导体环。
根据本发明的优选实施例，感应电路432和RF收发器434封装在感应电路与收发器部412内。当杆状部410完全插入到插座418中时，感应电路432与导体422电连接并来感知导体环的完整性，导体环是通过导体422和424来限定的。收发器434从感应电路432处接收其输出，收发器的运行来发送指示导体环是否完整的信息。传统的无线监控电路(未示出)可以用来接收RF收发器434所发送的信息，该信息指示封条的损坏导致的杆状部410的断裂。
现在参照图10A和图10B，其所示为在图9A和图9B中的压入配合式电子封条上发生两种不同类型断裂的简示图。如上文所述，事先不必破坏杆状部410，施加一个力到图10A和图10B的封条上以把杆状部410与插座418分开而不会导致末端414与插座418分开。如图10所示的断裂处位于杆状部410上并且就在末端414上。可以看出，这样的断裂通过导体422和424使得导体环的电特性产生断开或者有效改变。
图10B所示为杆状部410断裂在脆弱部420的情况。可以看出，这样的断裂也在导体环的电特性上产生断开或有效的改变。
现在参照图11A和图11B，其所示为特别适合于用作如图4中防拆卸式可远程监控实施例的电子封条117的可锁定电子封条在装配过程中两个阶段的简示图。
如图11A和图11B所示，其提供了一种防拆卸式可锁定电子封条，该封条最好包括杆状部510，杆状部或者和感应电路与发送器部512整体地形成，或者和感应电路与发送器512固定在一起。杆状部510最好具有大概为圆柱形的外形并以可锁定的末端514为终端，还最好形成有切削凹槽515，该凹槽适合与相应的锁定元件516锁定连接，锁定元件516构成锁518的一部分，锁518限定一个插座并包括磁铁519。此处所示的锁518可以是带钥匙的锁，很明显其他任何合适类型的锁都可以使用。杆状部510的末端514和锁定元件516两者之间的锁定连接最好是这样的，即不破坏杆状部510就不可能将末端514从连接的锁定元件516中拔出来。
杆状部510最好包括一个削弱了的脆弱部520，设置在感应电路与发送器部512与末端514之间。脆弱部520距感应电路与发送器部512的距离最好短于其与末端514之间的距离，并且脆弱部典型的是比杆状部510的其余部分薄一些。
一对细长的导体522和524，其中的至少一个包括串连的簧片开关525，当杆状部510与锁518可锁定连接时该簧片开关通过磁铁519来关闭，这一对导体从杆状部510伸出直到其末端514，这一对导体配置并安装在杆状部510中。这就使得杆状部510的断裂在至少一个、最好是两个导体522和524在其电特性上产生断开或有效的改变。更为可取的是，导体522和524分别与暴露在末端514末端的触点526和528连通。当杆状部510与锁518锁定连接的时候，触点526和528与安装在锁518相应的内表面的电子短触点530电连接。这样的电连接与通过磁铁519实现的串连簧片开关525的闭合一起确定导体环。
根据本发明的优选实施例，感应电路532和RF收发器534被封装在感应电路与收发器部512之中。当杆状部510与锁518锁定连接的时候，感应电路532与导体522和524电连接并感知导体环的完整性，该导体环是由导体522和524所限定的。收发器534来接收感应电路532的输出，该收发器的运行来发送指示导体环是否完整的信息。可以使用传统的无线监控电路(未示出)来接收由RF收发器534所发送的信息，该信息指示杆状部510何时与锁518锁定连接，以及杆状部510何时与锁518分离，这种分离或者是由于拆卸封条而导致杆状部510的断裂，或者是由于通过使用钥匙打开锁518使得杆状部510与锁518脱离。簧片开关525和磁铁519的设置应该使得感应电路532能够感应杆状部510何时与锁518锁定连接，以及杆状部510何时与锁518分离，不管是上述哪一种情况导致的分离，并允许记录杆状部510和锁518的连接及断开的情况。
现在参照图12A和图12B，其所示为在图11A和图11B中可锁定电子封条上产生两种不同类型断裂的简示图。如上文所描述的，不必事先打碎杆状部510，施加一个力到图12A和图12B的封条上以把锁定元件516与杆状部510分开，不会引起末端514从锁定元件516中断开。图12A所示的断裂恰恰在沿杆状部510的末端514上。可以看出，这样的断裂在导体522和524所限定的导体环的电特性上产生断开或有效的改变。
图12B所示为是在沿杆状部510的脆弱部520处的断裂情况。也可以看出，这样的断裂在导体522和524所限定的导体环的电特性上产生断开或有效的改变。
在图11A-12B的说明性实施例中示出的簧片开关和磁铁也可以用在图9A-10B的实施例中。
本领域的技术人员还知道，本发明并非限定为上文做出的详示和描述。而是，本发明的范围包括上文所描述的各种技术特征的结合或不结合，本领域的技术人员在读过说明书及已有技术所没有的基础上能想到的变换及修改也都包括在该范围之内。

Claims (20)

1、一种可远程监控的海运集装箱，包括：
海运集装箱体，具有与之相连的至少一个门和至少一个门插销，该门插销具有插销锁定元件，用来与安装有锁定元件的门锁定连接；
至少一个无线通信装置，该无线通信装置安装在海运集装箱内的牢固位置上，并且将信息以无线发送的方式传至远程监控器，该信息是关于安装在锁定元件上用来确定至少一个门锁闭的电子封条的状态的；及
至少一个无线天线，其安装在海运集装箱外面的安全盒内，用来发送来自至少一个无线通信装置的信息。
2、根据权利要求1的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中：所述至少一个无线通信装置包括收发器。
3、根据权利要求1的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中插销锁定元件包括：
防拆卸式可远程监控的电子封条，其包括：
杆状部；
设置成以可监控的方式与杆状部结合的插座，由此插座与杆状部之间的断开可以导致可监控的情况；及
与杆状部和插座中的至少一个相连的无线通信装置，其用于提供一个可远程监控的可监控情况的指示。
4、根据权利要求1的可远程监控的海运集装箱，还包括至少一个传感器，该传感器用来感知海运集装箱内的至少一种状态，其中至少一个无线通信装置和至少一个无线天线用来以无线的方式将关于至少一个传感器所输出的信息发送至远程监控器。
5、根据权利要求4的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个传感器用来感知运动、二氧化碳、红外辐射和温度中的至少一个。
6、根据权利要求4的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置还发送关于所述的海运集装箱体内货物状态的信息。
7、根据权利要求1的可远程监控的海运集装箱，还包括：至少一个GPS天线，所述GPS天线用来接收涉及海运集装箱位置的信号；和位置报告电路，所述位置报告电路响应至少一个GPS天线输出的信号，将信息提供到用来指示海运集装箱的位置的所述至少一个无线通信装置。
8、根据权利要求1的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个RF发送器。
9、根据权利要求1的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个宽频发送器。
10、根据权利要求1的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置包括通过蜂窝式、无线电式和卫星式通信网络中的至少一种来通信的发送器。
11、根据权利要求2的可远程监控的海运集装箱，还包括：至少一个GPS天线，该GPS天线用来接收涉及海运集装箱位置的信号；和位置报告电路，该位置报告电路响应至少一个GPS天线所输出的信号，将信息提供到来指示海运集装箱的位置的所述至少一个无线通信装置。
12、根据权利要求2的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个RF发送器。
13、根据权利要求2的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个宽频发送器。
14、根据权利要求2的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置包括通过蜂窝式、无线电式和卫星式的通信网络中的至少一个来通信的发送器。
15、根据权利要求3的可远程监控的海运集装箱，还包括：至少一个GPS天线，该GPS天线用来接收关于海运集装箱位置的信号；及位置报告电路，该位置报告电路响应至少一个GPS天线的输出，用来将信息提供到用来指示海运集装箱的位置的所述至少一个无线通信装置。
16、根据权利要求3的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个RF发送器。
17、根据权利要求3的可远程监控的海运集装箱，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个宽频发送器。
18、一种海运集装箱通信系统，包括：
可远程监控的海运集装箱，它包括：
海运集装箱体，其具有与之相连的至少一个门和至少一个门插销，该门插销安装有插销锁定元件用来与安装有锁定元件的门相锁定连接；
至少一个安装在海运集装箱内牢固位置的无线通信装置，该无线通信装置以无线通信方式将关于安装在锁定元件上用来确定至少一个门锁闭的电子封条状态的信息发送到远程监控器；及
至少一个安装在海运集装箱外部安全盒中用来发送来自至少一个无线通信装置的信息的无线天线；以及
至少一个远程通信装置，其与至少一个无线通信装置连通。
19、根据权利要求18的海运集装箱通信系统，其中所述至少一个远程通信装置包括下述装置中的至少一个：
存在传感器与通信装置；
远程监控器；及
电子封条。
20、根据权利要求18的海运集装箱通信系统，其中所述至少一个无线通信装置包括至少一个收发器，该收发器与至少一个远程通信装置通信，并且其中：
所述至少一个远程通信装置包括下述装置中的至少一个：
存在传感器与通信装置；
远程监控器；及
电子封条。
CNA038246090A 2002-08-27 2003-08-14 精确的集装箱监控系统 Pending CN1692382A (zh)

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US7375619B2 (en) 2008-05-20
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