CN1703651A - 用于平板显示的体漫射体 - Google Patents

用于平板显示的体漫射体 Download PDF

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CN1703651A
CN1703651A CNA038254735A CN03825473A CN1703651A CN 1703651 A CN1703651 A CN 1703651A CN A038254735 A CNA038254735 A CN A038254735A CN 03825473 A CN03825473 A CN 03825473A CN 1703651 A CN1703651 A CN 1703651A
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light
diffusion particles
display device
light diffusion
bulk
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约翰·F·格拉夫
尤金·G·奥尔克扎克
格兰特·海
拉米什·哈里哈兰
菲利普·肖特兰
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General Electric Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
    • G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
    • G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0051—Diffusing sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08L83/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0031—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0055—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/007—Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp
    • G02B6/0071—Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp with elongated shape, e.g. tube

Abstract

本发明的特征在于一种体光漫射体材料。该体光漫射体材料可以是片或薄膜，其基于聚碳酸酯和光漫射颗粒(128)的总重量，包含大约95wt％至大约99.8wt％的聚碳酸酯，以及大约0.2wt％至大约2.5wt％的光漫射颗粒。根据美国测试和材料学会(ASTM)的标准D 1003的测量，该片材具有至少70％的透过率百分数和至少10％的雾度。

Description

用于平板显示的体漫射体
发明背景
本发明涉及光学片材，更具体地，本发明涉及以光的体扩散(bulkdiffusion)为特征的这样的片材。
在背光(backlight)计算机显示器或其它显示系统中，常常使用光学薄膜或片材以直射(direct)光、漫射光，或者使光偏振化。例如，在背光显示器中，增亮薄膜在其表面采用棱柱结构沿着观察轴(即正交于显示器的轴)直射光线。这提高了显示器使用者观察到的光的亮度，并使得系统在产生所需等级的同轴照明度(on-axis illumination)中消耗较少的功率。这样的薄膜也可以使用在广泛的其它光学构造中，例如在投影显示器、交通信号和照明标志中使用。
在目前的显示器系统中，例如在液晶显示器(LCD)中，希望有漫射部件。漫射部件效用的例子包括(但不限于)：屏蔽假影(artifact)，例如观察位于漫射体薄膜后面的电子部件，提高照明均一性和增加视角。在典型的LCD显示器中，通过加入由非漫射基片构成的单独薄膜(即叠加体)将光漫射引入背光组件中，向该基片施加或附加高度不规则的漫射表面处理物。因此，需要产生漫射光而不增加该单独膜的成本
发明内容
本发明的特征在于体光漫射体材料(bulk light diffuser)。该体光漫射体材料包括：基于聚碳酸酯和光漫射颗粒(light diffusing particle)的总重量，大约95wt％至大约99.8wt％的聚碳酸酯，和大约0.2wt％至大约2.5wt％的光漫射颗粒。根据美国测试和材料学会(ASTM)标准D1003的测量，片材具有至少70％的透过率百分数(percent transmittance)和至少10％的雾度(haze)。
本发明的另一方面，为背光显示装置，包括：产生光的光源；沿其中引导光的光导(light guide)，其包含用于反射光使之离开光导的反射面；和作为片材能接收来自反射面的光的上述体光漫射体材料。
附图说明
图1是包括光学基片和光学片材的背光显示装置的剖面图。
图2是引入到光学基片和光学片材中的光漫射颗粒的两种粒度分布的示意图。
图3是与现有技术的聚碳酸酯薄膜相比较，通过聚碳酸酯薄膜或光学片材的光的理论透过率与散射角度的关系示意图，在该聚碳酸酯薄膜或光学片材中引入了与图2的粒度分布相对应的漫射体颗粒。
图4是能接收光并漫射由其发出的光的光学基片或光学片材的剖面图。
图5是对于在聚碳酸酯薄膜或光学片材中分布的TOSPEARL和PMMA颗粒，预计的光的透过率对测量的光的透过率的实验结果的示意图。
图6是对于在聚碳酸酯薄膜或光学片材中分布的TOSPEARL和PMMA颗粒，预计的雾度对测量的雾度的实验结果的示意图。
图7是对于在聚碳酸酯薄膜或光学片材中分布的无光表面和抛光表面的PMMA和抛光表面的TOSPEARL颗粒，测量的光的透过率百分数对测量的雾度百分数的示意图。
图8是其表面具有棱柱形结构的光学基片的剖面图。
图9是对于在聚碳酸酯薄膜或光学片材中分布的PMMA和TOSPEARL颗粒，根据颗粒浓度和平均直径，测量的光的透过率百分数对测量的雾度百分数的示意图。
图10是包括光学基片叠加体(stack)的背光显示装置的三维图。
图11是定向的光学基片的三维图，该基片的定向使得其上的棱柱曲面(prismatic surface)的方向彼此处于一定角度。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了背光显示装置100的透视图。背光显示装置100包括产生光116的光源102。通过全内反射(total internal reflection)沿其中引导光116的光导104。沿光导(104)设置的反射装置106反射光116，使之离开光导104。位于光导(104)上方的第一光学基片108能接收来自光导104的光116。第一光学基片108包含：其一侧上的平坦面110，其相对的(opposing)第二侧上的棱柱曲面112(图8)，或者可以包含相对的两平坦面110或相对的两棱柱曲面112。相对的表面还可以包括消光(matte polish)，例如由喷砂处理、激光加工、碾磨或放电机械加工控制(milled or electric dischargedmachine master)复制的表面，以及平坦面和棱柱曲面。第一光学基片108能接收光116并且将光116转到沿所示的Z方向与第一光学基片108基本上垂直的方向。然后光116直射至位于第一光学基片108上方的第二光学基片114，提供光116的漫射。作为片材的第二光学基片114可接收来自第一光学基片108的光116。光116从第二光学基片114到达液晶显示器(LCD)130(图10)。显然第二光学基片也可以包含前述的平坦面110和棱柱曲面112。
正如从图10中能很好理解的一样，背光显示装置100可以包括以所示叠加体布置的多个光学基片108、114。另外，可以对光学基片108的棱柱曲面112进行定向，使得棱柱曲面112的方向彼此处于一定角度，例如90度(图11)。此外，还可以理解光学基片108的棱柱曲面112具有顶角(peakangle)α、高度h、间距(pitch)p和长度l，它们可以为设定值，或者可以为随机或至少伪随机(pseudo-randomized)设定的值。
雾度是指光通过透明材料时光的散射或漫射。雾度可以是材料的固有性质、形成或成型加工的结果，或者是表面纹理(例如棱柱曲面)的结果。通过向第二光学基片114加入基准尺寸为大约1～10微米的光漫射颗粒128(图4)，可以改善从中发出的光的漫射。光漫射颗粒128在形状上可以为圆形的或不规则形的，且具有不同于第二光学基片114的折射率。光漫射颗粒128通常的折射率为大约1.4～大约1.7，而第二光学基片的折射率为大约1.45～大约1.65。光漫射颗粒可以随机或至少伪随机分布或定向在光学基片114中，或者可以以某些确定方式排列(aligned)在光学基片114中。
合适的光漫射颗粒可以包含有机或无机材料，或它们的混合物，并且不会对聚碳酸酯需要的物理性质(例如冲击强度和拉伸强度)有显著不利影响。合适的光漫射有机材料的实例包括聚丙烯酸酯类、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、有机硅，如得自GE Silicones的商品名为TOSPEARLO的水解的聚(烷基三烷氧基硅烷)，和包含至少一种上述有机材料的混合物，其中烷基具有大约1～大约12个碳原子。合适的光漫射无机材料的实例包括含有锑、钛、钡和锌的材料，例如上述的氧化物或硫化物，如氧化锌、氧化锑和包含至少一种上述无机材料的混合物。
图2示出了两种光漫射粒度分布118a、118b，其中光漫射颗粒的频率(frequency)是粒度(或某些基准尺寸)的函数。在第一光漫射粒度分布118a中，平均粒度为2.4微米，标准偏差为500。在第二光漫射粒度分布118b中，平均粒度为4.5微米，标准偏差为500。
图3示出了：与通过两个现有技术的聚碳酸酯薄膜的光124、126的实际透过率相比较，在560nm下通过0.127mm厚的含有光漫射颗粒的聚碳酸酯薄膜的光120、122的理论透过率(以Cd/m2计的亮度)与散射角度的关系示意图，依照图2的粒度分布引入其中的光漫射颗粒的折射率为1.49，浓度为1.8％(122)和1.5％(120)。如图3所示，通过选择合适的折射率、平均粒径和颗粒浓度，可以得到基本上遵循实际透过率的透过率。
表1显示了悬浮在折射率为1.59、厚度为0.178mm的聚碳酸酯薄膜中的两种类型的光漫射颗粒的数据。通常薄膜的厚度为0.025～0.5mm，但在应用需要时，可以更厚或更薄。第一种光漫射颗粒是含有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合物，而第二种是含有水解的聚(烷基三烷氧基硅烷)的聚合物，或它们的混合物，其中“烷基”定义为C1-C12烷基，优选甲基。不加入光漫射颗粒的聚碳酸酯薄膜的累积(integrated)反射率为9.7％，累积透过率为88.4％。如表1所示，在第一个示例性的粒度和浓度中，通过保持恒定的平均粒径(2.4微米)、标准偏差(0.24微米)和颗粒浓度(0.2％)，同时光漫射颗粒的折射率从1.49改变至1.43，累积反射率从9.8％增加到9.9％，累积透过率从88.3％减少到87.8％。在第二示例性粒度和浓度中，通过维持恒定的平均粒径(2.4微米)、标准偏差(0.24微米)和颗粒浓度(2.2％)，同时光漫射颗粒的折射率从1.49改变至1.43，累积反射率从11.0％增加到16.5％，累积透过率从86.3％减少到78.9％。因此，相对于折射率为1.59的聚碳酸酯，加入的颗粒物质的折射率从1.49降低为1.43，则通过聚碳酸酯薄膜的光的透过率降低而反射率增加。
同样如表1所示，对于给定的颗粒类型，通过将光漫射颗粒的浓度从0.2％增加到2.2％，而光漫射的折射率是恒定的，PMMA的雾度从34％增加到98％，同时对于TOSPEARL，雾度从44％增加到99％。因此，增加光漫射颗粒的浓度增加了聚碳酸酯膜的雾度。总之，表1说明PMMA作为加入的光漫射颗粒是良好的候选物，因为它加入聚碳酸酯薄膜后，累积透过率下降最少，从88.4％变为86.3％，同时获得了98％的雾度百分数值。
表1
  光漫射材料   折射率(n)  粒度(以微米计的直径)   颗粒浓度(重量％)   累积反射率(％)   累积透过率(％)   雾度(％)
  无   1.59   0.0％   9.7％   88.4％   0％
  PMMA   1.49  2.4   0.2％   9.8％   88.3％   34％
  PMMA   1.49  2.4   2.2％   11.0％   86.3％   98％
  TOSPEARL   1.43  2.4   0.2％   9.9％   87.8％   44％
  TOSPEARL   1.43  2.4   2.2％   16.5％   78.9％   99％
现参照图5和6，示出了预计的实验结果对测量的透过率百分数和雾度百分数。在图5中，PMMA颗粒(△)和TOSPEARL颗粒(○)在测量的透过率值和预计的透过率值之间显示出相当好的等值性(equivalence)。
在图6中，测量的雾度百分数和预计的雾度百分数由下式计算：
Figure A0382547300091
其中总透过率是累积透过率，且漫射透过率是根据ASTM D 1003确定的由薄膜散射的光的透过率。如图6所示，PMMA颗粒(△)在测量的雾度百分数值和预计的雾度百分数值之间显示出相当好的等值性，而TOSPEARL颗粒(○)在测量的雾度百分数值和预计的雾度百分数值之间显示出非常接近的或显著的等值性。但是，正如上面的表1所看到的，对于两种粒度分布TOSPEARL颗粒(○)都显示出比PMMA更高的累积反射率。因此，对于要求较高反射率的应用，可优选TOSPEARL。
图7是对于在聚碳酸酯薄膜中分布的无光表面(△)、抛光表面(■)PMMA颗粒和抛光表面(○)TOSPEARL颗粒，实验测量的通过聚碳酸酯薄膜的光的透过率百分数对它们测量的雾度百分数的示意图。聚碳酸酯薄膜和PMMA颗粒之间的折射率差为大约0.1，该折射率差对于高雾度和高透过率值是最适宜的。但是聚碳酸酯薄膜和TOSPEARL颗粒之间的折射率差为大约0.16，高于聚碳酸酯薄膜和PMMA颗粒之间的折射率差，使得高雾度样品的透过率较低。在图7中，通过控制颗粒浓度，一些PMMA颗粒(无光表面和抛光表面二者)显示出高于90％的透过率和高于80％的雾度，而即使通过控制颗粒浓度，即使颗粒的雾度高于80％，也没有TOSPEARL颗粒的透过率高于90％。图7还显示一些数据，这些数据指示PMMA抛光的颗粒和有机硅抛光的颗粒的透过率大约为91％，且雾度大约为15％。上述无光表面和抛光表面是根据ASTM标准D523用光泽度(gloss)值来确定的，其中抛光表面的光泽度值大于90，而无光表面的光泽度值小于50。
图9是对于在聚碳酸酯薄膜或光学片材中分布的PMMA和TOSPEARL颗粒，根据颗粒浓度和平均直径，测量的通过0.178mm厚的聚碳酸酯薄膜的光的透过率百分数对测量的雾度百分数的示意图。在图9中，对于PMMA颗粒，通过颗粒浓度从0.2％增加至2.2％，同时保持平均粒度在2.4微米或5.0微米，随着雾度增加，透过率增加，或仅仅略有下降。特别是，浓度为2.2％且平均粒度为2.4微米的PMMA颗粒(●)，或者浓度为2.2％且平均粒度为5.0微米的PMMA颗粒(▲)，测量的雾度大于80％，而测量的透过率大于90％。相反，对于TOSPEARL颗粒，通过颗粒浓度从0.2％增加至2.2％，同时保持平均粒度在2.0微米或4.5微米，即使雾度增加，透过率也下降。但是，浓度为2.2％且平均粒度为4.5微米的TOSPEARL颗粒(◆)，尽管测量的透过率仍大于89％，但测量的雾度大于80％。在图9中还可以看到，数据表明TOSPEARL浓度为大约0.2％且粒径为4.5微米的雾度大约为15％，透过率大约为91％，以及PMMA浓度为大约0.2％且粒径为5.0微米的雾度大约为17％，透过率大约为91％。
因此，图7和图9显示，为了在显示装置中获得需要的光漫射性能，所选颗粒浓度约2.2％且平均粒度为2.4微米或5.0微米的悬浮在聚碳酸酯薄膜中的PMMA颗粒(具有无光表面和抛光表面二者)是良好的候选物。
这样，根据上述说明，描述了作为聚碳酸酯薄膜或光学片材或光学基片的体光漫射体，基于聚碳酸酯和光漫射颗粒的总重量，其含有大约95～大约98重量百分数的聚碳酸酯，以及大约0.2～大约0.5重量百分数的光漫射颗粒。在聚碳酸酯组合物中可以存在少量的其它组分，只要这些组分对组合物的物理性质没有不利影响，该体光漫射体基本上由聚碳酸酯和光漫射颗粒构成。优选光漫射颗粒包含选自聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、水解的聚甲基三烷氧基硅烷，及其混合物的聚合物。根据ASTM标准D 1003-00的测量，该片材具有至少70％的透过率百分数和至少10％的雾度。
在此本发明的描述披露了聚合物颗粒浓度p、片材厚度t和平均粒度s，以便对于聚合物如聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、水解的聚烷基三烷氧基硅烷，或其混合物(其中烷基定义为C1-C12烷基)，且颗粒悬浮在聚碳酸酯中，获得具有至少70％透过率和至少10％雾度的光学性质的片材，优选的片材具有至少90％透过率和至少80％雾度的光学性质，更优选的片材具有至少90％透过率和至少90％雾度的光学性质。然而，本领域技术人员应该理解可以单独或组合控制前述颗粒浓度p、片材厚度t和平均粒度s，以便获得优选、更优选和最优选的透过率和雾度。
关于背光显示器等，已经描述了作为聚碳酸酯薄膜或光学片材的体光漫射体材料的实施方式。该体扩散也可以通过在LCD中向含有液晶材料的上部或下部基片，或者两者中加入光漫射颗粒而获得。这能够引起从像素边界的视角增加和假影下降。光的体扩散也可以通过在边缘照明的(edge-lit)背光或面光(frontlight)组件中向沿光导104设置的反射面106或光导104加入光漫射颗粒而完成。光学片材可以替代现有背光装置中的表面纹理类型的漫射体，或者可包含在该漫射体中，以及包含在增亮薄膜或光转向(lightturning)薄膜中。
除非另有说明，任何提及第一、第二等，或者前和后、左和右、顶和底、上和下、水平和垂直，或者其它任何相似类型的指定表示两个或多个量或目的物之间的相对位置，其意指为了便于描述，而非将本发明或其组件限制在任一位置或空间定向。在附图中，组件的所有尺寸都可以随着实施方案的潜在构思和意指的用途而改变，而不偏离本发明的范围。
虽然参考其一些实施方案已经描述了本发明，但本领域的普通技术人员应认识到，在不偏离本发明的范围下可以进行各种改变并用等同物代替其要素。此外，可以进行多种改进以使特定的场合或材料适应本发明的教导，而不偏离本发明的本质范围。因此，它意指本发明并非受限于作为预期实施本发明的最好模式所披露的特定的实施方案，而是指本发明包括属于权利要求范围的所有实施方案。

Claims (30)

1.一种体光漫射体材料，包括：
基于聚碳酸酯和光漫射颗粒(128)的总重量，大约95wt％至大约99.8wt％的聚碳酸酯，和大约0.2wt％至大约5wt％的光漫射颗粒(128)；
其中，根据ASTM标准D1003-00测量，该体光漫射体材料具有至少70％的透过率百分数和至少10％的雾度。
2.如权利要求1的体光漫射体材料，其中光漫射颗粒(128)包含聚丙烯酸酯类、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚四氟乙烯、有机硅、锌、锑、钛、钡，或其混合物，其中所述烷基具有1至约12个碳原子。
3.如权利要求1的体光漫射体材料，其中光漫射颗粒(128)包含聚丙烯酸酯类、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚四氟乙烯、有机硅，或其混合物，其中所述烷基具有1至约12个碳原子。
4.如权利要求2的体光漫射体材料，其中聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
5.如权利要求2的体光漫射体材料，其中有机硅包含水解的聚(烷基三烷氧基硅烷)。
6.如权利要求1的体光漫射体材料，其中光漫射颗粒(128)包含锌、锑、钛、钡，或其混合物。
7.如权利要求1的体光漫射体材料，其中光漫射颗粒(128)包含锌、锑、钛、钡、或其氧化物、或其硫化物。
8.如权利要求3的体光漫射体材料，其中光漫射颗粒(128)的平均粒度为大约1.0微米至大约10.0微米。
9.如权利要求3的体光漫射体材料，其中光漫射颗粒(128)的存在量为大约2.2％至大约2.5％。
10.如权利要求1的体光漫射体材料，其中该体光漫射体材料为薄膜或片的形式。
11.如权利要求10的体光漫射体材料，其中该薄膜或片材的厚度为大约0.025mm至大约0.5mm。
12.如权利要求3的体光漫射体材料，其中根据ASTM标准D523，光漫射颗粒(128)的光泽度值小于约50。
13.权利要求3的体光漫射体材料，其中根据ASTM标准D523，光漫射颗粒(128)的光泽度值大于约90。
14.一种背光显示装置(100)，包含：
产生光(116)的光源(102)；
沿其中引导光(116)的光导(104)；
沿光导(104)设置的反射装置(106)，用于反射光(116)使之离开光导(104)；和
能接收来自光导(104)的光(116)的体光漫射体材料，该体光漫射体材料包括：
基于聚碳酸酯和光漫射颗粒(128)的总重量，大约95wt％至大约99.8wt％的聚碳酸酯，和大约0.2wt％至大约5wt％的光漫射颗粒(128)；
其中，根据ASTM标准D 1003-00测量，该体光漫射体材料具有至少70％的透过率百分数和至少10％的雾度。
15.如权利要求14的背光显示装置(100)，其中光漫射颗粒(128)包含聚丙烯酸酯类、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚四氟乙烯、有机硅、锌、锑、钛、钡，或其混合物，其中所述烷基具有1至约12个碳原子。
16.如权利要求14的背光显示装置(100)，其中光漫射颗粒(128)包含聚丙烯酸酯类、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚四氟乙烯、有机硅，或其混合物，其中所述烷基具有1至约12个碳原子。
17.如权利要求15的背光显示装置(100)，其中聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
18.如权利要求15的背光显示装置(100)，其中有机硅包含水解的聚(烷基三烷氧基硅烷)。
19.如权利要求14的背光显示装置(100)，其中光漫射颗粒(128)包含锌、锑、钛、钡，或其混合物。
20.如权利要求14的背光显示装置(100)，其中光漫射颗粒(128)包含锌、锑、钛、钡、或其氧化物、或其硫化物。
21.如权利要求16的背光显示装置(100)，其中光漫射颗粒(128)的平均粒度为大约1.0微米至大约10.0微米。
22.如权利要求16的背光显示装置(100)，其中光漫射颗粒(128)的存在的量为大约2.2％至大约2.5％。
23.如权利要求14的背光显示装置(100)，其中体光漫射体材料为薄膜或片的形式。
24.如权利要求23的背光显示装置(100)，其中薄膜或片材的厚度为大约0.025mm至大约0.5mm。
25.如权利要求16的背光显示装置(100)，其中根据ASTM标准D523，光漫射颗粒(128)的光泽度值小于约50。
26.如权利要求16的背光显示装置(100)，其中根据ASTM标准D523，光漫射颗粒(128)的光泽度值大于约90。
27.如权利要求23的背光显示装置(100)，其中薄膜或薄片包括棱柱曲面(112)。
28.如权利要求23的背光显示装置(100)，其中薄膜或薄片包括平坦面(110)。
29.如权利要求27的背光显示装置(100)，其中棱柱曲面(112)包括具有顶角α、高度h、间距p和长度l的棱柱结构。
30.如权利要求29的背光显示装置(100)，其中棱柱结构至少在顶角α、高度h、间距p和长度l上是伪随机的。
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