CN1753229A - 具有隔板型电极组件的二次电池 - Google Patents

具有隔板型电极组件的二次电池 Download PDF

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CN1753229A
CN1753229A CNA2005101050973A CN200510105097A CN1753229A CN 1753229 A CN1753229 A CN 1753229A CN A2005101050973 A CNA2005101050973 A CN A2005101050973A CN 200510105097 A CN200510105097 A CN 200510105097A CN 1753229 A CN1753229 A CN 1753229A
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李亨馥
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有胶卷型电极组件的二次电池，其含有彼此不同极性的两个电极和位于这两个电极间的隔板的电极层叠体被卷绕，由胶卷型组成的电极组件中，将形成于两个电极的电极接线片并排形成在胶卷的外周侧，并使之形成相同的水平。此时，本发明的二次电池的电极组件最好形成于椭圆形状或者长圆形状的胶卷，将容纳电极组件的槽只形成于一方的袋上使用，电极接线片最好在裸电池的内侧空间不用被折弯，维持直线状。根据本发明，可减低电极接线片中的裸电池的内部中的短路的可能性，可防止与接线片重叠的来自在电极板部分中卷绕的压力集中而带来的电容下降。

Description

具有隔板型电极组件的二次电池
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二次电池，特别是涉及一种具有包含两个电极和隔离这些电极且令其绝缘的隔板而形成的胶卷型电极组件的二次电池。
背景技术
由于二次电池能够再充电，因而具有小型及大容量化的可能性，近来，它作为移动型电子设备的电源被大量开发使用。所开发使用的二次电池中，具有代表性的有镍氢(Ni-MH)电池、锂电池和锂离子电池。
在这些二次电池中，很多裸电池是将由正极、负极和隔板构成的电极组件放入容器中密封。作为容器，可以使用袋，也可以使用铁、铝或者铝合金等金属罐。作为电解质，可以使用完全固体型聚合物、浸渍电解液的凝胶型聚合物、电解质以离子形态包含在溶剂中的液态电解质。
所密封的裸电池呈现的是，在正温度系数(PTC)元件、热熔丝和保护电路模块(PCM)等安全装置以及其他电池部件连接的状态下，被容纳在另外的壳体中，或通过成形树脂来充填或覆盖间隙而完成的外观。
另一方面，在二次电池的制造中，使大量的电存储在具有小体积和低重量的电池中是最重要的目标，每单位时间的电能，即电力增大对于电池的使用领域来说也是重要的问题。为了使电力增大，需要增加和电解质接触的电极活性物质的面积。通常为了增加活性物质的表面积，另外为了提高可以增强电能的活性物质的比例，活性物质在电极板上被广泛涂覆。
涂覆了活性物质的电极板，为了使二次电池在小体积下形成，通常采用卷形态进行卷绕。根据情况，按照极性交互层叠多个电极板，该层叠状态称为“胶卷”，通过在电连接相同极性的电极板可以形成电池的两个电极。此时，不同极性的电极和电极之间通过隔板防止内部的短路。
图1示出的是在袋型锂二次电池的一个例子中袋被密封前的状态的透视图。参照图1，袋形成有袋下部20和袋上部10，所述袋下部20由袋的中间部分被折弯且电极组件被容纳在其中的槽而形成，袋上部10是用来覆盖该槽的。袋膜通过将热粘结性流延聚丙烯(CPP)11、尼龙等层叠而形成。
通常的电极组件30是将负极板31、隔板33、正极板35层叠的多层膜卷绕成涡形而形成胶卷型。卷绕形成胶卷时，为了防止正极板和负极板的短路，隔板被装在作为卷的外部的电极板，例如正极板，的外侧。
为了在将电极组件30的正极板31和负极板35与袋的外部电连接，电极接线片37、38形成在正极板31以及负极板35的一侧。这些电极接线片37、38在与胶卷被卷绕的方向垂直的方向上从胶卷突出，并通过袋膜所密封的一边且通过袋被拉出。在接线片和袋的重叠部分，为了提高袋密封时接线片和袋的粘结性，安装膜39。
但是，通常的隔板中，在隔板的中心部分设有电极接线片。另一方面，形成装有电极组件30的槽21的袋，袋的上下部的边缘23在槽21的入口部分被密封。从而，为了将设在胶卷的中心部的电极接线片37、38拉出到所密封的袋的外部，槽21的内部被部分折弯，并应当调节它和袋的边缘23的水平。
槽21的内部中为了折弯接线片37、38，需要容纳接线片被折弯部分的空间。这样的空间的存在难以使电池小型、高容量化。再有，折弯的部分和形成胶卷的电极板的上端部，或者和其他的接线片被短路而有可能带来电池上不良和安全上的问题。
这样的问题，主要不仅是具有将电极组件容纳在袋中的袋型的电池会出现，即使是其它的具有胶卷型的电极组件也会出现。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述问题，目的在于提供一种具有胶卷型电极组件的二次电池，在胶卷型电极组件中，通过电极接线片可以减低在裸电池的内部中接线片和电极板、接线片和接线片之间的短路的可能性。
本发明的目的在于提供一种在胶卷型电极组件中，减少来自卷绕在与接线片重叠的电极板的部分的压力集中，且电极反应整体变得顺利的胶卷型电极组件的二次电池。
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有在裸电池内减少和容量不相关联的空间，小型、高容量化的胶卷型电极组件的二次电池。
具有用于达成上述目的的本发明的胶卷型电极组件的二次电池，在含有彼此不同极性的两个电极和位于这两个电极间的隔板而形成的电极层叠体被卷绕且成为胶卷形态的电极组件中，为了将电极组件的两个电极拉出到壳体的外侧而形成电极接线片，从上述电极组件拉出的水平和从上述壳体拉出的水平实质上是相等的。
本发明中，两个电极接线片可以从任何一个胶卷型电极组件的中间部分以同等的水平并排拉出，或从胶卷型电极组件的上侧或从下侧拉出。拉出的电极接线片的水平不一定需要相等，大体上可以是比与从胶卷型电极组件的中间部分和上侧拉出的电极接线片的水平差1/3以内，这明显小于电极组件厚度的一半。即如果电极接线片间的水平差是电极组件的厚度的1/3程度，一般考虑为的确要减少电池接线片与之前相比所折弯的必要性。在下部形成槽的袋的情况下，电极接线片如果是在电极组件的厚度的上部1/3以内的水平，伸出到袋外时，也可以在袋的内部不具有大的折弯部分，直至通过槽周边的边缘部分。在本发明中，电极接线片可以以该电极组件的厚度的2/3以上的水平从该电极组件中被拉出。
本发明中，电极接线片间的水平差较佳地在电极组件的厚度的1/10以内。此时，因为电极接线片实质上延伸为直线状通过壳体的密封部位被拉出到外面，所以几乎不需要在壳体内电极接线片被折弯，也就不需要折弯的接线片的部分所在的袋内的富余空间。如果两个电极的电极接线片都从电极的外侧非涂覆区域被拉出，电极接线片不是在电极组件的厚度方向上被上下分开，如果都是位于上部，则电极接线片间的水平差可以是在电极组件的厚度的1/10以内。
本发明的二次电池的电极组件，通常形成为椭圆形状或者长圆形状的胶卷，在罐型二次电池中，最好使用方形，或者仅在一面形成容纳电极组件的槽的袋的罐型二次电池。
通过本发明，在胶卷型电极组件中，可以减少通过电极接线片在裸电池内部接线片和电极板、接线片和接线片间的短路的可能性。
此外，可以减少在胶卷型电极组件中卷绕在与接线片重叠的电极板部分产生的压力集中，可以使电极反应在电极板上整体变得顺利，带来电容的实质性增加。
通过本发明，可以提供一种减少在裸电池内和容量无关的空间，具有小型、高容量化的胶卷型电极组件的二次电池。
附图说明
图1示出的是在袋型锂二次电池的一个实施例中袋被密封前的状态的透视图。
图2示出的是在本发明的一个实施例中的二次电池的胶卷型电极组件中电极组件的形成位置的平面图。
图3概略地示出根据本发明的一个实施例所形成的袋型裸电池的结构的透视图。
具体实施方式
下面，参照附图根据本发明的实施例对本发明进行较详细的说明。
图2示出的是在本发明的一个实施例中的二次电池的胶卷型电极组件中电极接线片的形成位置的平面图。
图3大体上示出的是根据本发明的一个实施例中形成的袋型裸电池的结构的透视图。
参照图2和图3，先研究袋型锂二次电池的一般形成方法，首先，形成有容纳电极组件的槽所形成的袋100的下部，和覆盖槽的袋的上部。槽是通过压制加工等而形成。在槽的侧面，进而可以形成用于气腔的槽，所述气腔用于去除在二次电池的形成工序中出现的气体。
如通常的电极组件30，在形成了对隔板33′、正极板31、隔板33、负极板35顺序层叠的多层膜后，在卷绕机上把多层膜卷绕成涡型而形成胶卷。胶卷通常形成为离心率大的椭圆形，在椭圆的短轴方向上在中央从外部给予力可以形成长圆形。此时，在正极板31和负极板35的端部的非涂覆区域上，正极接线片38和负极接线片37以超声波焊接等方法被安装。
隔板最好由兼带电解质的完全固体型聚合物或者电解液所浸渍的凝胶型聚合物构成。隔板由凝胶型聚合物构成时，通常在胶卷型形成后，将电解液供给到电极组件，在聚合物中浸渍电解液。通常，为了防止电极板的短路，隔板形成比电极板还大。
接线片37、38和胶卷重叠的部分以及接线片和带的焊接部，即和边缘部分重叠的部分上，通常可以安装树脂膜39、树脂带等。通常，这些部件由金属构成的接线片和胶粘带的内层优良的熟粘结物质构成。
但是，本发明中，接线片位于与长圆形胶卷的外周侧(最外围部)的那样的长边几乎相等的水平。从而，通过在卷绕的胶卷上负极板35、正极板31以及隔板33、33′和接线片重叠，被增加压力，形成弯曲的部分，可以防止因为在这部分上电解质不均匀而引起的电极反应少的问题中的大部分。
在图2示出的实施例中，电极组件被装入袋槽中时，电极接片在电极组件的最上方、厚度对比为10％以内。为了密封袋而形成的袋的边缘部分也形成在袋槽的最上方的开口部的周围，所以电极接线片的水平和边缘的水平实质上是相等。从而，不需要另外对电极接线片进行弯曲加工，电极接线片延伸为直线状，从焊接的边缘之间向袋的外面拉出。
因此，不需要具备用于折弯在密封的袋内的电极接线片部分的空间。即在该实施例中，电极接线片37、38的热粘结性膜39被表示为只和隔板的电极板隔离相当的距离。实际上，不需要使胶卷和袋槽的壁隔离。而且，可以将膜在与隔板的电极板连接的程度上进行靠近设置。
其结果，可以使隔板的上端与袋槽的接线片被拉出一侧的壁体接触，使隔板的下端与袋槽的接线片被拉出的相反的一侧的壁体接触。此时，袋的内部因为用隔板填充，所以可以确保相同体积中较高电池容量。
在袋密封后形成的裸电池中，图中未示出的保护电路模块(PCM)和PTC(正温度系数)的那样的附属品或者构造体连接、附着，而形成中心包。
将中心组件内含于硬壳体内并使之结合时，形成硬组件电池。在内侧没有另外的电路和导体部，使用聚丙烯树脂等可以形成硬壳体，但是根据电池所使用的设备的特性，有在硬壳体的内部包含另外的电路和别的导体部的情况。
另一方面，图中示出的实施例，是对于形成容纳电极组件的槽的袋而言，而本发明也可以将其他的袋形态、方形罐使用于容纳电极组件的容器。
在不形成容纳电极组件的其他的槽的袋中，袋的焊接边缘通常在袋电池的厚度的一半程度的水平下形成，所以两个电极接线片也可以同时从电极组件的中间水平被拉出，延伸为直线状并通过所焊接的边缘拉出到外部。
再有，使用方形壳体时，胶卷型电极组件被容纳在方形状壳体内，电极接线片可以从完成方形罐的开口部的盖组件的盖板的一长边和罐之间拉出，或者通过在盖组件的中间水平上所形成的孔而拉出。此时，如果方形壳体及盖板由塑料材料构成，在接线片和方形壳体、以及接线片和盖板之间也可以不通过树脂膜。

Claims (11)

1、一种二次电池，包括：含有具有不同极性的两个电极和位于两个电极间的隔板的电极层叠体被卷绕成胶卷形态的电极组件；和容纳该电极组件的壳体，其特征在于为了将该电极组件的两个电极拉出到该壳体的外侧，电极接线片从该电极组件拉出的水平和从该壳体拉出的水平实质上相等。
2、根据权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该电极接线片以该电极组件的厚度的2/3以上的水平从该电极组件中被拉出。
3、根据权利要求2所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该电极组件形成为椭圆形状或者长圆形状的胶卷，容纳该电极组件的容器是袋，其板状上部覆盖形成槽的下部，在该槽周围的边缘部分焊接并密封该上部和该下部。
4、根据权利要求3所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该电极组件中，该接线片向上内含于该槽，该接线片从该槽的内部延伸为直线状并在密封状态的该袋的上下部间被拉出到外部。
5、根据权利要求3或4所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该电极组件的接线片被拉出部分的上端面和成为该槽的袋下部对应的侧壁直接接触而不留下空间。
6、根据权利要求3或4所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该袋通过在铝金属箔的外侧上层叠尼龙层，在该尼龙层的内侧层叠流延聚丙烯而形成。
7、根据权利要求1至4中的任何一项所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该电极接线片以该电极组件的厚度的9/10以上的水平从该电极组件被拉出，并被连接在两个电极的外侧非涂覆区域。
8、根据权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该电极接线片从该壳体被拉出的同时，为了密封和该壳体接触的部分，该电极接线片和该壳体介于树脂膜之间。
9、根据权利要求8所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该树脂膜由比该壳体的内侧的材质和金属的粘结性优良的热粘结物质构成。
10、根据权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该隔板由具有电解质的完全固体型聚合物或者浸渍电解液的凝胶型聚合物构成。
11、根据权利要求1中所述的二次电池，其特征在于，该电极组件被容纳在方形塑料壳体内，该接线片从该壳体与塑料盖的组件的长边之间被拉出。
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