CN1761078A - 使用量子点和非量子荧光材料发射输出光的装置和方法 - Google Patents

使用量子点和非量子荧光材料发射输出光的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN1761078A
CN1761078A CNA2005100769715A CN200510076971A CN1761078A CN 1761078 A CN1761078 A CN 1761078A CN A2005100769715 A CNA2005100769715 A CN A2005100769715A CN 200510076971 A CN200510076971 A CN 200510076971A CN 1761078 A CN1761078 A CN 1761078A
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quantum dot
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phosphor
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CN100541838C (zh
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珍妮特·美·元·蔡
泮国钦
吴基延
陈庆龙
塔杰·阿罗什·巴罗基
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Yuanxin Optoelectronics Co ltd
Epistar Corp
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Abstract

一种用于发射输出光的装置和方法,其利用量子点和非量子荧光材料将从所述装置的一光源发射的至少一些原始光转换成波长更长的光,以改变所述输出光的彩色特性。所述装置可用以生成宽谱彩色光,如白光。

Description

使用量子点和非量子荧光材料发射输出光的装置和方法
技术领域
背景技术
现有发光二极管(“LED”)可发射在紫外线(“UV”)、可见或红外线(“IR”)波长范围内的光。所述LED一般具有较窄的发射光谱(约+/-10nm)。例如,蓝色氮化铟镓(InGaN)LED可产生波长470nm+/-10nm的光。另外例如,绿色氮化铟镓LED可产生波长为510nm+/-10nm的光。又例如,红色磷化铝镓铟(AlInGaP)LED可产生波长为630nm+/-10nm的光。
然而,在一些应用中,欲使用可产生更宽发射光谱的LED来生成理想的彩色光,如白光。归因于窄带发射特性,所述单色LED不能直接用以生成宽谱彩色光。相反,一单色LED的输出光须与一种或一种以上不同波长的其它光混合以生成宽谱彩色光。此可通过将一种或一种以上荧光材料引入一单色LED灯而通过荧光将一些原始光转换成更长波长的光而达成。原始光和经转换光的组合生成宽谱彩色光,其可自所述LED发射作为输出光。用以创造生成宽谱彩色光的LED的最普通的荧光材料为由以下磷光体制成的荧光颗粒:诸如石榴石基磷光体、硅酸盐基磷光体、原硅酸盐基磷光体、硫化物基磷光体、硫代镓酸盐基磷光体和氮化物基磷光体。所述磷光体颗粒通常与用以形成LED灯的透明材料混合,使得从所述LED半导体小芯片发射的原始光可在所述LED灯内经转换以生成理想的输出光。
有关使用磷光体颗粒生成宽谱彩色输出光的考虑为所述输出光可具有一可低至六十五(65)的低彩色再现指数(Color Rendering Index)(CRI)。通过检验所述输出光的光谱,其将显而易见的,所述光谱通常在不同波长具有较大的间隙或波谷。
鉴于此考虑,需要一种用于发射具有高CRI的宽谱彩色输出光的装置和方法。
发明内容
一种用于发射输出光的装置和方法,其利用量子点和非量子荧光材料将从所述装置的一光源发射的至少一些原始光转换成波长更长的光,以改变所述输出光的彩色特性。所述装置可用以生成宽谱彩色光,如白光。
一种用于根据本发明的一个实施例发射输出光的装置包括一发射原始光的光源和一光学耦接到所述光源以接收所述原始光的波长位移区域。所述波长位移区域包括至少一种类型的量子点以将一些原始光转换成第一转换光。所述波长位移区域进一步包括非量子荧光材料以将一些原始光转换成第二转换光。所述第一转换光和所述第二转换光为所述输出光的组份。
一种根据本发明的一个实施例用于发射输出光的方法包括:产生原始光,接收所述原始光,包括使用至少一种类型的量子点将一些原始光转换成第一转换光,和使用非量子荧光材料将一些原始光转换成第二转换光,和发射所述第一转换光和所述第二转换光作为输出光。
从以下详细描述,结合随图并通过本发明的原理的实例而说明,本发明的其它方面和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的发光二极管(LED)的图式。
图2A、2B和2C是根据本发明的一个实施例具有替代灯配置的LED的图式。
图3A、3B、3C和3D是根据本发明的一个替代实施例具有一有一反射杯的引线框的LED的图式。
图4是根据本发明的一个实施例用于发射输出光的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
参看图1,显示了一个根据本发明的一个实施例的发光二极管(LED)100。所述LED100经设计以生成具有高彩色再现指数(CRI)的宽谱彩色输出光,如“白”光。通过使用不同类型的光致发光材料将由LED100所产生的一些原始光转换成波长更长的光而生成所述宽谱彩色输出光。使用不同类型的光致发光材料补偿当仅使用一种类型的光致发光材料生成宽谱彩色光时所存在的波长缺陷,藉此增加CRI。
如图1中所示,LED100为一个引线框安装式LED。所述LED100包括一LED小芯片102、引线框104和106、一导线108和一灯110。所述LED小芯片102为一产生特殊峰值波长的光的半导体芯片。因此,所述LED小芯片102为LED小芯片的光源。尽管图1中显示LED100包括一单个LED小芯片,但所述LED可包括多个LED小芯片。LED小芯片102可设计为产生具有紫外线、蓝色或绿色波长范围中的峰值波长的光。LED小芯片102位于所述引线框104上,并经由导线108电连接到另一引线框106。所述引线框104和106提供驱动LED小芯片102所需的电力。所述LED小芯片102被密封于灯110中,所述灯110为一用于传播来自LED小芯片102的光的媒介。所述灯110包括一主要部分112和一输出部分114。在此实施例中,灯110的输出部分114为圆顶形以充当一透镜。因此,从LED100发射的作为输出光的光由灯110的圆顶形输出部分114所聚焦。然而,在其它实施例中,灯110的输出部分114可为水平平面形。
所述LED100的灯110由一透明宿主基质制成,使得来自LED小芯片102的光可穿过所述灯传播并从所述灯的输出部分114发射出来。所述宿主基质可为聚合物(由诸如单体的液体或半固体先驱材料形成)、环氧树脂、硅氧烷、玻璃或硅氧烷与环氧树脂的混合物。在此实施例中,灯110包括一波长位移区域116,其也是一由宿主基质和两种类型的光致发光材料制成的用于传播光的媒介,所述两种类型的光致发光材料包括非量子荧光材料118和量子点119。所述波长位移区域116中包括的非量子荧光材料118可为一种或一种以上类型的非量子磷光体,诸如石榴石基磷光体、硅酸盐基磷光体、原硅酸盐基磷光体、硫代镓酸盐基磷光体、硫化物基磷光体和氮化物基磷光体。所述非量子磷光体可为具有或不具有硅涂层的磷光体颗粒。当所述磷光体颗粒与宿主基质混合以形成灯110的波长位移区域116时,磷光体颗粒上的硅涂层减少磷光体颗粒的丛聚(clustering)或聚集(agglomeration)。磷光体颗粒的丛聚或聚集可导致LED生成具有不均匀彩色分布的输出光。
可通过使所述磷光体颗粒经受退火处理以使磷光体颗粒退火并移除污染物来将硅涂层施加到合成的磷光体颗粒上。接着,将所述磷光体颗粒与硅粉末混合,并在一约200摄氏度的炉中加热。所施加的热在磷光体颗粒上形成一较薄的硅涂层。相对于所述磷光体颗粒,磷光体颗粒上硅的量约为1%。或者,无需施加热便可在磷光体颗粒上形成硅涂层。甚至可将硅粉末添加到所述磷光体颗粒,其因范德华力而粘附到磷光体颗粒上,从而在所述磷光体颗粒上形成一硅涂层。
所述波长位移区域116中包括的非量子荧光材料118或者可包括一个或一个以上有机染料或非量子磷光体与有机染料的任何组合。
所述波长位移区域116中包括的也已知为半导体纳米晶体的量子点119为限制电子和洞的人工制造装置。量子点的典型尺寸范围为从纳米到数微米。类似于磷光体颗粒,量子点具有光致发光性质以吸收光并重发射不同波长的光。然而,从量子点发射的光的彩色特性取决于所述量子点的大小和所述量子点的化学成份,而不仅仅取决于如磷光体颗粒的化学成份。量子点的特征为带隙小于从例如LED小芯片102的LED光源发射的光的至少一部分的能量。
所述波长位移区域116中包括的量子点119可为由以下制成的量子点:CdS、CdSe、CdTe、CdPo、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、ZnPo、MgS、MgSe、MgTe、PbSe、PbS、PbTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe和Cd(S1-xSex),或者可为由以下组成的金属氧化物群组制成的量子点:BaTiO3、PbZrO3、PbZrzTi1-zO3、BaxSr1-xTiO3、SrTiO3、LaMnO3、CaMnO3、La1-xCaxMnO3。相对于化学成份和大小,波长位移区域116包括至少一种类型的量子点。波长位移区域116中包括的量子点的类型将部分取决于所述非量子荧光材料118的波长缺陷。例如,如果所述非量子荧光材料118生成一缺少约600nm波长的输出光,则可选择一种特殊类型的量子点,其可生成约600nm的转换光以补偿所述缺陷,其将增加所述输出光的CRI。波长位移区域116中包括的量子点119可经涂布或未经涂布一具有对宿主基质的亲和力的材料。所述涂层使量子点119钝化以防止聚结或聚集,从而克服所述量子点之间的范德华结合力。
量子点119上的涂层可为(a)有机盖帽、(b)外壳或(c)由诸如Si纳米晶体的玻璃材料制成的盖帽。可使用Ag2S和Cd(OH)2在量子点上形成有机盖帽,其优选可由高pH值的Cd2+钝化。接着,通过将染料附着到所述量子点的表面来执行所述量子点的表面修改。例如,CdSe表面表面活性剂不稳定且可被相继添加的Se+和Cd2+置换,其可生长以使晶种(量子点)更大。对于Cd2+富集表面而言,可用Ph-Se-处理所述表面,并将一有机涂层共价键接到所述表面。分子颗粒的此隔离称为“加盖”(capped)。已知盖帽分子的类型包括:Michelle液体(芬德勒)、Tio-终端(S-基)(韦勒-汉堡)、膦酸盐终端(Berwandi-麻省理工学院)、氮终端(吡啶、吡嗪)和树突盖帽(多股配位体)(Peng)。
外壳为内核材料(量子点)上的涂层。一般而言,形成所述外壳的涂层材料可为氧化物基或硫化物基。外壳/核心的实例为TiO2/Cds、ZnO/CdSe、ZnS/Cds和SnO2/CdSe。对于CdSe核心而言,也可用显著改良CdSe效率的ZnS、ZnSe(硒化物基)或CdS将其涂布。
所述波长位移区域116或整个灯110可包括分散剂或遍布所述区域的扩散颗粒。所述扩散颗粒促使从所述LED小芯片102、非量子荧光材料118和量子点119发射的不同波长的光扩散,致使所得输出光的色彩更均匀。所述扩散颗粒可为硅、二氧化硅、氧化铝、钛酸钡和/或氧化钛。所述波长位移区域116或整个灯110也可以包括粘着力促进剂和/或紫外线(UV)抑制剂。
波长位移区域116中包括的非量子荧光材料118吸收从LED小芯片102发射的一些原始光,其激发所述非量子荧光材料的原子,并发射波长更长的光。类似地,量子点119吸收从LED小芯片102发射的一些原始光,其激发所述量子点,并发射波长更长的光。从所述量子点119发射的光的波长取决于量子点的大小。在一实施中,从所述非量子荧光材料118发射的光和从量子点119发射的光与从所述LED小芯片102发射的未被吸收的光相结合以生成宽谱彩色光,其从灯110的光输出部分114发射作为LED100的输出光。在另一实施中,实质上从LED小芯片102发射的所有光被非量子荧光材料118和量子点119吸收和转换。因此,在此实施中,只有由非量子荧光材料118和量子点119所转换的光被从所述灯110的光输出部分114发射作为LED100的输出光。
从所述非量子荧光材料118和所述量子点119发射的光的组合可生成宽谱彩色光,其比仅使用非量子荧光材料118或仅使用量子点119而发射的光具有更高的CRI。可通过使用一个或一个以上不同LED小芯片、使用一个或一个以上不同非量子荧光材料、使用一个或一个以上不同类型的量子点和/或使用不同大小的量子点来调节所述LED100的宽谱彩色输出光。另外,也可以使用具有或不具有硅涂层的磷光体颗粒的非量子荧光材料、使用具有或不具有涂层的量子点和/或使用在所述量子点上的不同类型的涂层来调节LED100的宽谱彩色输出光。此外,可调节所述波长位移区域116中包括的非量子荧光材料118与量子点119之间的比率,以生成具有理想彩色特性的输出光。
尽管图1中显示的灯110的波长位移区域116的形状为矩形,但是如图3A中所示,可将所述波长位移区域配置为其它形状,如半球。此外,在其它实施例中,所述波长位移区域116不可物理耦接到所述LED小芯片102。因此,在这些实施例中,可将所述波长位移区域116定位在所述灯110内的其它地方。
图2A、2B和2C中显示了根据本发明的一个实施例具有替代灯配置的LED200A、200B和200C。图2A的LED200A包括一灯210A,其中整个灯为一波长位移区域。因此,在此配置中,所述整个灯210A由所述宿主基质、所述非量子荧光材料118和所述量子点119的混合物制成。图2B的LED200B包括一灯210B,其中一波长位移区域216B位于所述灯的外表面。因此,在此配置中,首先将不具有非量子荧光材料118和量子点119的灯210B的区域形成于所述LED小芯片102上方,并接着将所述宿主基质与所述光致发光材料的混合物沉积在此区域上方以形成所述灯的波长位移区域216B。图2C的LED200C包括一灯210C,其中波长位移区域216C为一涂布在LED小芯片102上方的宿主基质117、非量子荧光材料118和量子点119的混合物薄层。因此,在此配置中,首先以宿主基质117、非量子荧光材料118和量子点119的混合物涂布或覆盖所述LED小芯片102以形成所述波长位移区域216C,并接着通过将不具有所述光致发光材料的透明物质沉积在所述波长位移区域上方形成灯210C的剩余部分。例如,根据所述LED小芯片102的发射特性,LED200C的波长位移区域216C的厚度可在十(10)与六十(60)微米之间。
在一个替代实施例中,如图3A、3B、3C和3D所示,其上定位有所述LED小芯片的LED引线框可包括一反射杯(reflector cup)。图3A-3D显示具有不同灯配置的LED300A、300B、300C和300D,所述不同灯配置包括一具有一反射杯322的引线框320。所述反射杯322为待定位的LED小芯片102提供一凹陷区域(depressed region),使得所述LED小芯片所产生的一些光被反射离开所述引线框320以作为有用的输出光从相应的LED发射出来。
可将以上所描述的不同灯配置可应用于诸如表面安装式LED等其它类型的LED,以根据本发明形成具有非量子荧光材料118和量子点119的其它类型的LED。另外,可将这些不同灯配置应用于诸如半导体激光装置等其它类型的发光装置,以根据本发明形成其它类型的发光装置。在这些发光装置中,所述光源可为除LED小芯片之外的任何光源,例如激光二极管。
参看图4描述了一种用于根据本发明的一个实施例生成输出光的方法。方框402中,产生原始光。可通过一包括一个或一个以上LED小芯片的光源产生原始光。接着,在方框404中,接收所述原始光,并使用至少一种类型的量子点将一些原始光转换成第一转换光。另外,在方框404中,也可以使用非量子荧光材料将一些原始光转换成第二转换光。接着,在方框406中,发射所述第一转换光和所述第二转换光作为所述输出光的组份。所述输出光也可以包括未被所述量子点或所述非量子荧光材料转换的一些原始光。
尽管已描述和说明了本发明的特定实施例,但本发明并不限于所描述和说明部分的特定形式或布置。本发明的范围由随附权利要求书和其等价物所界定。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于发射输出光的装置,所述装置包含:
一发射原始光的光源;和
一以光学方式耦接到所述光源以接收所述原始光的波长位移(wavelength-shifting)区域,所述波长位移区域包括至少一种类型的量子点,以将所述原始光中的一些光转换成第一转换光,所述波长位移区域进一步包括非量子荧光材料以将所述原始光中的一些光转换成第二转换光,所述第一转换光和所述第二转换光为所述输出光的组份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述非量子荧光材料包括磷光体颗粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述磷光体颗粒具有一硅涂层。
4.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述非量子荧光材料包括一选自由以下组成的群组的磷光体:石榴石基磷光体、硅酸盐基磷光体、原硅酸盐基磷光体、硫代镓酸盐基磷光体、硫化物基磷光体和氮化物基磷光体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述量子点具有一所选材料涂层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其中所述量子点的所述涂层包括有机盖帽(cap)、量子点外壳或由玻璃材料制成的盖帽。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述量子点包括以下中的一个:CdS、CdSe、CdTe、CdPo、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、ZnPo、MgS、MgSe、MgTe、PbSe、PbS、PbTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、Cd(S1-xSex)、BaTiO3、PbZrO3、PbZrzTi1-zO3、BaxSr1-xTiO3、SrTiO3、LaMnO3、CaMnO3和La1-xCaxMnO3
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述波长位移区域包括硅氧烷、玻璃、环氧树脂或硅硅氧烷与环氧树脂的混合材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述波长位移区域包括扩散颗粒、紫外线抑制剂和粘合促进剂中的至少一个或其任一组合。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述光源包括至少一个发光二极管小芯片。
11.一种用于发射输出光的方法,所述方法包含:
产生原始光;
接收所述原始光,包括使用至少一种类型的量子点将一些所述原始光转换成第一转换光,和使用非量子荧光材料将一些所述原始光转换成第二转换光;和
发射作为所述输出光的组份的所述第一转换光和所述第二转换光。
12.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述非量子荧光材料包括磷光体颗粒。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述磷光体颗粒具有一硅涂层。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述非量子荧光材料包括一选自由以下组成的群组的磷光体:石榴石基磷光体、硅酸盐基磷光体、原硅酸盐基磷光体、硫代镓酸盐基磷光体、硫化物基磷光体和氮化物基磷光体。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述量子点具有一所选材料涂层。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述量子点的所述涂层包括有机盖帽、量子点外壳或由玻璃材料制成的盖帽。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述量子点包括以下中的一个:CdS、CdSe、CdTe、CdPo、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、ZnPo、MgS、MgSe、MgTe、PbSe、PbS、PbTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、Cd(S1-xSex)、BaTiO3、PbZrO3、PbZrzTi1-zO3、BaxSr1-xTiO3、SrTiO3、LaMnO3、CaMnO3和La1-xCaxMnO3
18.一种用于发射输出光的装置,所述装置包含:
一发射原始光的光源;和
一以光学方式耦接到所述光源以接收所述原始光的波长位移区域,所述波长位移区域包括至少一种类型的量子点以将一些所述原始光转换成第一转换光,所述波长位移区域进一步包括复数个磷光体颗粒以将一些所述原始光转换成第二转换光,所述第一转换光和所述第二转换光为所述输出光的组份。
19.根据权利要求18所述的装置,其中所述量子点或所述磷光体颗粒具有一所选材料涂层。
20.根据权利要求19所述的装置,其中所述涂层包括有机盖帽、量子点外壳或所述量子点上由玻璃材料制成的盖帽。
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