CN1816308B - 利用高强度聚焦超声非侵入式治疗心房纤维性颤动的设备 - Google Patents

利用高强度聚焦超声非侵入式治疗心房纤维性颤动的设备 Download PDF

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CN1816308B
CN1816308B CN2004800192383A CN200480019238A CN1816308B CN 1816308 B CN1816308 B CN 1816308B CN 2004800192383 A CN2004800192383 A CN 2004800192383A CN 200480019238 A CN200480019238 A CN 200480019238A CN 1816308 B CN1816308 B CN 1816308B
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翰森·S·吉弗尔德
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy
    • A61N7/02Localised ultrasound hyperthermia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/12Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/44Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
    • A61B8/4483Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer
    • A61B8/4488Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer the transducer being a phased array
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00238Type of minimally invasive operation
    • A61B2017/00243Type of minimally invasive operation cardiac
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00345Vascular system
    • A61B2018/00351Heart
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/37Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
    • A61B2090/378Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound
    • A61B2090/3782Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound transmitter or receiver in catheter or minimal invasive instrument
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/08Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
    • A61B8/0883Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings for diagnosis of the heart
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy
    • A61N2007/0078Ultrasound therapy with multiple treatment transducers

Abstract

提供一种能使医生对身体内待切除组织成像的方法和设备,然后,利用包含超声成像系统和对准的高强度聚焦超声系统的装置,切除该组织。

Description

利用高强度聚焦超声非侵入式治疗心房纤维性颤动的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗心房纤维性颤动的方法和设备,具体涉及利用高强度聚焦超声非侵入式阻断导致心房纤维性颤动的异常心电路径。
背景技术
直至20世纪80年代,在创建用于治疗各种以前未治疗状态的新外科方法方面有了长足的进展。在过去20年中,明显的倾向是本发明的装置和方法,它能够较少侵入式治疗这种疾病,从侵入式外科治疗过渡到较少侵入式外科治疗,再向介入式治疗技术过渡。最终,理想的是完全非侵入式治疗。
治疗心房纤维性颤动的历史也是遵循这种进展。首先,James C0x博士发明新的心脏切开外科手术,利用在心房壁中的外科切口阻断去偏振波。最近以来,人们研制了若干种装置,允许外科医生在跳动心脏的外科操作中形成这种损害,无须在心房壁中形成切口。最新的情况是,介入式电生理医生与公司合作,开发导管基系统以形成类似的损害。虽然至今仅获得部分的成功,在未来几年中可以取得更大的进展是乐观的。
更理想的情况是,开发这种治疗心房纤维性颤动的方法,它仍然是较少侵入式,甚至不需要导管。
利用心外或心内探针,各种能量模式已用于形成这种损害。射频电能,微波,冷疗探针,酒精注入,激光,和超声能量仅仅是已经实现的少数技术。
几个不同的研究组分别开发了具有成像和治疗能力的聚焦超声装置。这些成果可能是从碎石技术开始的,其中德国DornierMedizintechnik开发的高功率聚焦超声系统用于破碎身体中的肾结石。肾结石是在体内与皮肤之间有很大的深度。第一个超声成像系统用于使该系统瞄准肾结石,然后,第二个高能量超声系统传送用于破碎肾结石的能量,从而使肾结石能够传输通过。
最近以来,美国西雅图的Therus Corp开发一种在穿刺血管以插入鞘和导管之后用于封闭血管的系统。Therus系统在约5cm的深度上收缩和封闭股骨和动脉穿刺。
此外,Timi-3 System,Inc.开发并测试一种经胸廓的超声能量传送系统,可以加速血栓溶解过程,用于治疗遭受严重心肌梗塞的病人。这种系统是在试图加速血栓溶解的频率下传送能量,而不损伤心肌或心脏的脉管系统。
美国加州Sunnyvale的Epicor Medical Inc.开发一种局部高强度聚焦超声(“HIFU”)装置,用于在心房壁中形成损害。Epicor装置是手持内手术外科装置,并配置成直接紧靠心脏的内壁或外壁。在被激励时,该装置形成通过心脏房壁的全厚度损害,并表明超声能量可以安全和有效地用于形成心房损害,尽管有血液流动通过心房的内壁。
此外,美国纽约Setauket的Transurgical,Inc.一直积极地开发HIFU装置。然而,虽然Epicor Medical装置紧靠心脏的外侧,而Transurgical装置是指向血管内的导管,通过导管密切接近目标组织,用于切除心脏中的组织。
鉴于上述的限制,需要提供一种用于治疗心房纤维性颤动和其他传导缺陷的方法和装置,其中在与组织相隔一段的距离处切除该组织,因此,该操作可以在非侵入方式下完成.
理想的是,提供一种用于治疗心房纤维性颤动的方法和装置,其中从身体或器官,例如,食管外部施加能量,可以经自然的身体开口容易地进入到这些治疗部位。
发明内容
鉴于以上的情况,本发明的目的是提供用于治疗心房纤维性颤动和其他传导缺陷的方法和设备,其中在远离组织的位置切除该组织,因此,可以非侵入式完成该操作。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于治疗心脏机能障碍的方法和设备,其中从容易进入的体外或相邻器官,例如,食管,施加能量。
通过提供这种方法和装置,可以实现本发明的这些和其他目的,它能使医生成像待切除体内的组织,然后,利用完全或相对非侵入式操作切除该组织,而无须或很少的麻醉。有利的是,与以前已知的外科和介入操作比较,本发明的方法和设备具有成本低和时间效率高的优点。
附图说明
在研究以下结合附图的的详细描述之后,本发明的以上和其他目的及其优点是显而易见的,其中相同的参考数字是指相同的部件,且其中:
图1是本发明成像和治疗超声系统的示意图;
图2是本发明成像和治疗超声系统显示的示意图;
图3是图1所示成像和治疗超声系统的示意图,该系统设置成与病人胸廓的剖面相邻。
图4是导管基高强度聚焦超声阵列的远区示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是按照完全非侵入方式利用高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)在心脏壁中形成损害的方法和设备。以前熟知的HIFU系统,例如,Epicor Medical或Transurgical,要求HIFU装置紧密接近目标组织。本发明的方法和设备克服这种缺点,它提供一种能够在远离心脏壁的位置形成损害的系统。
参照图1,现在描述按照本发明原理构造的设备。系统10包括:包含超声成像系统12和高强度聚焦超声能量(“HIFU”)系统14的前端11。超声成像系统12和HIFU系统14可以有全部或部分的共同换能器和相关的元件,它们按照不同的模式成像或切除。前端11安装在杆13上,可以使前端11与躺在手术台15上的病人(未画出)接触。前端11也可以是手持单元,从而不需要杆13的支承或定位。系统10包括:控制器16,用于控制成像系统12和HIFU系统14的操作。监测器18显示成像系统12输出的图像,可以使临床医生识别待治疗心脏壁上的指定位置。
按照本发明的方法,还对控制器16和监测器18进行编程,以便指出HIFU能量相对于组织横截面图像的焦点。图2是监测器18的屏幕显示19,它展示成像系统12成像的组织轮廓T,和对应于HIFU系统14焦点F位置的标记。
在激励时,HIFU系统传送切除能量到监测器18上所示的特定位置(图2中的焦点F),因此,它能够安全地形成透壁损害。因为HIFU系统配置成传送来自多个光源的能量聚焦到目标组织区,介入组织仅仅经受目标组织中沉积的部分能量,因此,介入组织不会被严重加热或切除。
仍然参照图1,超声成像系统12在设计上可以类似于以前熟知的经胸廓超声成像系统,且它们是已知的。高强度聚焦超声系统14可以包含一个或多个HIFU发生器20,其构造是在US Patent ApplicationNo.US20010031922A1中所描述的。如上所述,成像系统12和HIFU系统14还可以利用相同的元件。最好是,每个HIFU发生器20是与超声成像系统12的成像元件相同或与超声成像系统12的成像元件在大致相同的平面内,因此,HIFU系统的焦点出现在超声成像系统12成像的目标组织平面内。此外,这种安排有利地确保HIFU能量到达目标。
在一个优选实施例中,HIFU发生器20传送这种频率的能量,可以优化在心肌中形成损害,从而阻断通过组织的传导路径,而没有减小组织的强度。一旦形成损害,就开始逐渐的愈合过程,其中损害形成纤维组织,但没有分离或重新获得传导电脉冲的能力。
虽然不可能同时成像和切除,但是HIFU系统14的输出可以阻塞利用超声成像系统12成像组织的能力。因此,可以对控制器16进行编程,用于时间选通成像系统12的运行,因此,在每秒几次的频率下交替地成像和切除组织。
为了在心房壁中形成线性损害,理想的是,在切除过程期间沿心房壁缓慢地移动HIFU系统的焦点。虽然它可以通过手动方式移动HIFU系统完成这个过程,例如,用于治疗围绕每个或全部肺静脉的相对短损害。控制器16可以包含合适的编程和操纵杆22,或其他的输入装置,可以沿指定的轨迹重新聚焦HIFU系统14的焦点。
现在参照图3,描述利用HIFU系统形成直线损害的另一个方案。在图3所示的系统中,HIFU系统的焦点被固定在超声图像视场内的某个点。例如,超声图像可以展示约80mm宽和160mm深的组织矩形平面剖面图片,其中HIFU能量的固定焦点是在视场中心内的130mm深度处。
在操作时,临床医生可以手动方式移动探针,直至指定的组织是在目标区,然后,触发HIFU系统以切除组织。利用这种系统,最大切除深度是皮肤以下的130mm。为了切除皮肤以下小于130mm的组织,且仍然保持从探针到目标的连续液体路径,HIFU系统包含用于覆盖探针表面的充满液体气囊24。
最好是,气囊24充满水并能使临床医生重新定位探针离皮肤的可变距离上。气囊24还能使临床医生定位探针与目标组织之间有任何所需的角度,而不是直接对准在HIFU系统14的焦点以下。或者,病人可以坐在水盆中,因此,病人的胸腔和探针都在水下,再次确保连续的液体路径。
作为另一种方案,可以对控制器16进行编程,使HIFU系统的焦点深度相对于成像组织是深度可调整的。有利的是,可以调整目标组织相对于成像视场的深度,因此,在调整成像部分的角度时,较小的充满液体气囊,或没有气囊,可用于保持液体接触,或对目标组织的深度作微小的变化。给Therus的WIPO Patent Publication No.WO/0145550A2描述用于调整聚焦能量深度的几种方法,其中通过改变一个或多个超声发生器的曲率半径。或者,具有相对固定焦距的几个聚焦能量发生器的方向可以互相位移以移动焦点。
按照本发明的原理,从病人身体外部施加聚焦的能量。因此,超声能量不是相干地传输通过非液体充满的组织,例如,肺,超声成像系统和HIFU系统定位在某个角度更有利于治疗心脏的特定区域。例如,左心房的后壁是治疗心房纤维性颤动的特别重要治疗区;它也是利用经胸廓超声成像的特别困难区域。
所以,理想的是成像系统和HIFU系统定位在活动杆上,或利用手动方式定位,为的是可以利用其他的外部方法,例如,从身体左前侧上的隔膜以下,从而使超声有通过隔膜和心脏的尖端和心室到前房的相干路径。探针应用于病人的背部也可以提供到病人左心房后壁的相干路径。
可以预期,本发明的系统和方法还可用于治疗若干种心脏机能障碍。除了治疗心房纤维性颤动以外,本发明的方法和设备还可用于治疗心脏的其他电生理缺陷,或形成用于其他目的的损害。例如,若相信心肌血管重建术(TMR)通过形成损伤和愈合的焦点区对损伤的心室有积极的效应,则利用本发明可以非侵入式形成这种损害。
作为另一个例子,局部组织损伤和随后的愈合过程可以使未闭合卵圆孔(PFO)的第一隔与第二隔愈合在一起,从而闭合PFO。若本发明的系统和方法即使在很短的时间内可以闭合PFO,则操作的非侵入式性质在大多数情况下用于初始治疗是第一选择。
此外,通过收缩某些区域中的组织,以上描述的HIFU系统也可用于修复病变的心脏瓣膜。例如,利用本发明的HIFU,通过加热可以缩短二尖瓣膜中伸长索的特定区域。
虽然在以上描述的优选实施例中能量是从体外传送的,但是也可以出现这样一些情况下,其中很难传送能量到体内的深层位置或与肺部或其他非超声传导组织相邻的位置。
现在参照图4,并按照本发明的另一个特征,提供用于定位探针在体内或接近于目标组织的方法和设备,但不必与目标组织相邻。管腔内探针30配置成从食管,从主动脉或从心大静脉传送HIFU能量到心脏,例如,下腔静脉,上腔静脉,或右心房本身。
这种方法完全不同于以前熟知的方法,例如,在外科操作期间利用食管腹部探针完成切除,或在介入操作期间利用心内切除导管完成切除。这些以前熟知的装置设计成直接接触或至少非常接近(例如,在5mm内)目标组织,而不是设计成避免切除探针与目标组织之间的介入组织。
此外,以前熟知的装置仅仅能从给定的位置形成单个损害,而不是在与装置相隔一段距离的单个位置形成多个损害。从单个导管位置形成多个损害可以有利于节省时间和降低操作费用。例如,利用以前熟知的心内导管,接近外科迷津的操作通常需要4-8小时,与此同时,病人和医生都遭受来自荧光屏的高强度辐射。与此对比,按照本发明原理构造的装置在超声成像引导下可以形成多个损害,且设置在食管,主动脉,或心大静脉或右心房中的单个位置。
仍然参照图4,管腔内导管30设计为成像和从体腔传送HIFU能量,例如,食管,主动脉和心大静脉。对于血管装置,导管30的直径最好是在5-10mm的范围内,而对于食管装置,导管30的直径最好是在5-20mm的范围内。成像单元32和HIFU单元34是沿导管的纵轴直线排列。
成像单元和HIFU单元阵列的直线性质可能对该装置的重新定位能力施加限制.虽然导管的平移和转动是相对容易的,可以设想,在相对小直径的体腔内移动该装置非常远到一侧或另一侧是困难的.
所以,管腔内导管30最好配置成这样,可以相对于纵向位置和深度调整HIFU系统的焦点。这可以通过对管腔内导管30所用的控制器进行编程完成,如上所述,用于调整HIFU系统的焦点。或者,通过定位各个HIFU单元到独立控制的激励装置36上,可以实现HIFU单元阵列的重新聚焦。激励装置36是受系统控制器的控制,并允许临床医生移动HIFU阵列的焦点到成像系统视场内的任何指定点。
按照本发明的另一特征,现在描述利用管腔内导管30的方法,用于从食管中完成切除以治疗心房纤维性颤动。从后左心房壁的中心分开食管仅仅是倾斜的心包窦,因此,利用在约5-10mm的距离能够传送能量的探针,在后左心房壁的中心可以容易地形成垂直线损害。
相信这种方法对于方便使用具有很大的优点,并可以有效治疗大多数的心房纤维性颤动病人。这种方法还可以避免需要收缩大面积的后左心房壁,而这是在肺静脉周围形成宽环形损害通常发生的情况。
按照本发明的这个特征,利用在食管内设置的管腔内导管30,在左心房后壁中形成一条或多条垂直切除线。可以预期,在来自食管的超声成像引导下,在心房后壁中形成垂直切除线也比在肺静脉周围形成环形切除线容易。
上述形成损害的方法是与James Cox博士在20世纪90年代初期发明的迷津操作概念一致。他的有关映射心房纤维性颤动病人中去偏振波的研究表明机能障碍源于在心房周围重复循环的波。这种重复循环是由略微损伤组织造成的,它减缓去偏振波的前进,并由于损伤,瓣膜机能障碍,或充血心脏衰竭造成的心房增大。
迷津概念取决于在心房中形成多个死端路径,因此,去偏振波到达全部心房壁,但它没有发生重复循环。左心房后壁中的一系列垂直切除线,它是从房室沟向上延伸到上肺静脉,可以准确地达到这个目的。
最好是,切除线一直向下延伸到房室沟。这可以使解偏振波(depolarization)从左心房的顶部(更多的颅前表面)到达该组织,但它不沿房室沟返回到心房壁的其余部分。
如上所述,管腔内导管30最好是机械方式配置,或借助于合适的软件算法,可以沿纵向移动它的焦点,在不移动该装置的条件下,形成连续的直线切除。或者,导管的HIFU阵列可以配置为形成直线切除,或它有固定的焦点,因此,在食管内平移HIFU阵列,可以形成直线切除。
此外,按照本发明,形成的附加损害可以接近于左肺静脉和右肺静脉。更好的是,损害可以形成在左肺静脉和右肺静脉的相对侧,即,左肺静脉的左侧和右肺静脉的右侧。或者,并取决于HIFU探针的几何形状,理想的是,利用相同的垂直运动,在左肺静脉和右肺静脉中形成环形损害。
此外,有利的是,冷却围绕管腔内导管30中HIFU阵列的组织,可以进一步减小损伤食道的危险。所以,管腔内导管30可以包含围绕HIFU阵列循环液体的水套,用于防止该阵列产生的热量或被食管吸收的超声能量以免造成任何的组织损伤。
本发明的方法和设备还可有利地适用于心脏机能障碍之外的其他应用.例如,本发明的设备可以放置在小的体腔内,几乎可以是在任何的位置,其中射频切除探针正用于切除或收缩组织.这种治疗包括:治疗尿道中前列腺,从阴道内部收紧膀胱颈,从子宫内部切除纤维样物质,收紧胃食管接点区中的组织,等等.同样地,参照图1描述的外部装置可以有利地用于切除体内几乎任何位置的肿瘤,它是通过聚焦的超声接触到的.
虽然以上描述了本发明典型的优选实施例,但是,专业人员显然明白,在不偏离本发明精神的条件下,可以做出各种变化和改动。所附的权利要求书可以覆盖在本发明精神和范围内的这些变化和改动。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于非侵入式治疗心房纤维性颤动的设备,包括:
外壳;
活动杆,该活动杆与外壳耦合并被配置成把外壳支承在病人体外的位置;
超声成像系统,放置在外壳内,且被配置成可使与该超声成像系统相隔一段距离的组织的横截面成像,该超声成像系统适合从病人体外的位置使病人体内的心脏壁成像;
放置在外壳内与超声成像系统对准的高强度聚焦超声系统,该高强度聚焦超声系统包括多个能量源并被配置成可从病人体外位置在心脏壁需要的位置上,引起多处透壁损害,以阻断心脏壁上的传导路径,其中该高强度聚焦超声系统被操作在治疗位置,与心脏壁分隔开,介入组织位于该高强度聚焦超声系统与心脏壁之间,并且介入组织不被切除,该透壁损害至少包括直线损害和环形损害之一,该环形损害是由垂直运动形成;和
控制器,与超声成像系统和高强度聚焦超声系统可操作地连接,并被配置成使该高强度聚焦超声系统相对于超声成像系统提供的组织横截面图像聚焦;
用于沿轨迹移动该杆的装置,使高强度聚焦超声系统定位在一系列位置,以产生至少一部分直线损害和环形损害;
其中,该多个能量源在空间上放置,以便在需要的位置上引起多处透壁损害,而没有显著的加热或切除介入组织。
2.按照权利要求1的设备,其中控制器超声成像系统和高强度聚焦超声系统包含共同的换能器。
3.按照权利要求1的设备,其中对控制器进行编程,以便显示对应于高强度聚焦超声系统焦点的标记。
4.按照权利要求3的设备,其中对控制器进行编程,以便在垂直于高强度聚焦超声系统轴的二维平面内,调整高强度聚焦超声系统焦点的位置。
5.按照权利要求3的设备,其中对控制器进行编程,以便调整高强度聚焦超声系统焦点深度的位置。
6.按照权利要求1的设备,还包括:与外壳耦合的充满液体的气囊,用于调整高强度聚焦超声系统焦点的位置。
7.一种用于管腔内治疗心房纤维性颤动的设备,包括:
导管,被配置用于插入自然体腔内;
超声成像系统,放置在导管内,并被配置成可使与该超声成像系统相隔一段距离的组织的横截面成像;
放置在导管内与超声成像系统对准的高强度聚焦超声系统,该高强度聚焦超声系统包括多个能量源,并被配置成可在需要的位置上引起多处透壁损害,以阻断心脏壁上的传导路径,其中该高强度聚焦超声系统被操作在治疗位置,与心脏壁分隔开,介入组织位于该高强度聚焦超声系统与心脏壁之间,并且介入组织不被切除,每一能量源在一个或多个激励装置上,每一激励装置是至少独立于其他激励装置之一可控制的;和
控制器,与超声成像系统和高强度聚焦超声系统可操作地连接,并被配置成控制激励装置以便使该高强度聚焦超声系统相对于超声成像系统提供的组织横截面图像聚焦;
其中,该多个能量源在空间上放置,以便在需要的位置上引起多处透壁损害,而没有显著的加热或切除介入组织。
8.按照权利要求7的设备,其中控制器超声成像系统和高强度聚焦超声系统包含共同的元件。
9.按照权利要求7的设备,其中对控制器进行编程,以便显示对应于高强度聚焦超声系统焦点的标记。
10.按照权利要求9的设备,其中对控制器进行编程,以便在垂直于高强度聚焦超声系统轴的二维平面内,调整高强度聚焦超声系统焦点的位置。
11.按照权利要求9的设备,其中对控制器进行编程,以便调整高强度聚焦超声系统焦点深度的位置。
12.按照权利要求7的设备,其中高强度聚焦超声系统被配置成沿直线切除目标进行聚焦。
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EP1633266B1 (en) 2016-05-18
JP4970037B2 (ja) 2012-07-04
US20050228283A1 (en) 2005-10-13
US9302125B2 (en) 2016-04-05
CN101874915A (zh) 2010-11-03
EP1633266A2 (en) 2006-03-15
US20080058683A1 (en) 2008-03-06
US7311701B2 (en) 2007-12-25
JP2007503290A (ja) 2007-02-22
WO2005000097A2 (en) 2005-01-06
CN1816308A (zh) 2006-08-09

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