CN1832685A - 用于延长收获后产品的贮存期限的方法和涂料组合物 - Google Patents
用于延长收获后产品的贮存期限的方法和涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
Abstract
新鲜收获的产品的贮存期限通过用涂料组合物涂敷新鲜收获的产品的外表面而延长，该涂料组合物包含聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物的水乳液，所述水乳液含有基于水为约0.25－25重量％的共聚物固体和基于该乳液中的共聚物固体为0.001－20％的增塑剂，优选基于聚氧乙烯的添加剂如Triton－X。该涂层还可以含有生物杀伤剂以在收获后产品的贮存、装运、分销和销售过程中控制该产品上的细菌和真菌生长。该涂料组合物在可有效延长产品的贮存期限。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种通过用涂料组合物涂敷收获后产品而保存该产品的方法，该涂料组合物能够在该产品的后熟(maturation)和/或成熟(ripening)过程中控制气体和水蒸气渗入该产品和从该产品渗出。
发明背景
保存新鲜的收获后产品的现有技术包括温度和/或压力处理、气控包装、蜡和类似涂敷技术、合成聚合物涂敷技术、聚合物包装和各种催熟的代谢途径的基因工程。
已经提出了多种涂料组合物，例如蜡状成膜剂和杀真菌剂的石油溶剂溶液(美国专利4,006,259)；以熔融状态施用的猪油、牛油和卵磷脂的混合物(美国专利4,207,347)；氢化霍霍巴油(美国专利4,356,197)；羧酸和烷基胺的盐(美国专利4,532,156)；氢化植物油、硬脂酸和阴离子乳化剂的3％水包油乳液(美国专利4,649,057)；食用酸与可食用还原剂和碳水化合物增稠剂的组合以及随后冷藏(美国专利4,751,091)；大豆、小麦和玉米的变性蛋白质溶液(美国专利5,128,159)；用含真菌剂的液体同时洗涤和浸润(美国专利5,148,738)；由该产品的副产物与某些糖和酸组成的淤浆(美国专利5,364,648)；多糖聚合物、防腐剂、酸化剂和乳化剂的混合物(美国专利5,198,254和5,376,391)；以及光活化的组合物(美国专利5,489,442)。
各种形式的产品包装例如公开于美国专利4,769,262；5,030,510；5,093,080；5,160,768,5,427,807；5,547,693和5,575,418中。
某些俄罗斯和日本出版物建议将聚乙烯醇用作产品的气体阻隔涂层,但已经发现这些建议中很少能够进入商业市场。
本申请的受让人所共同拥有的美国专利6,165,529和6,203,833公开了保存新鲜产品的高度改进方法以及用于此的涂料组合物，所述组合物包含基本水解的冷水可溶性聚乙烯醇、低分子量冷水可溶性淀粉和表面活性剂。任选的额外成分是增塑剂、抗菌剂和消泡剂，优选淀粉为麦芽糖糊精，表面活性剂为卵磷脂或磺基琥珀酸二辛基酯钠，抗菌剂为羟苯甲酸甲酯且增塑剂为甘油。
发明目的和概述
本发明的目的是提供一种延长收获后产品的贮存期限的新的、改进的和高度经济的涂敷方法以及用于此的组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种保存收获后产品的方法，该方法延长了该产品可以在室温下贮存的期限而不使该产品显著变质。
另一目的是提供一种保存新鲜产品的方法，该方法延缓收获后产品的后熟、水损失和成熟并因此延长了收获和该产品处于最佳消费条件之间的持续时间。
按照本发明，该新的改进方法在于向收获后产品的外表面上施用改进的涂料组合物，所述涂料组合物包含约0.25-25重量％聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物和约0.0001-10％表面活性剂，优选Triton-X的水乳液。任选的额外成分包括抗菌剂、增塑剂和消泡剂。
涂料组合物限制但不阻止呼吸交换，即氧气(空气)渗入该产品中，气体如乙烯和二氧化碳从该产品中渗出以及水蒸气渗透，从而控制并延长后熟和成熟过程并增加收获和消费之间的可容许贮存时间。
本领域具有合理技能的人员在阅读完下列详细说明之后将明了本发明的这些和其他目的和优点。
详细描述
下面详细描述本发明的某些实施方案，发明人认为这些实施方案是实施本发明的最佳模式。附图并不必要，因为下列说明使得本领域熟练技术人员能够使用本发明。
如上所述，本发明在于发现了将特殊配制的涂料组合物施用于收获后产品，尤其是水果，尤其是不可食用的带果皮、表皮或外皮的那些水果的外表面显著延缓了后熟、成熟和水损失。这又延长了收获和最佳消费条件之间的持续时间，从而可以更广泛地分销新鲜水果和蔬菜。另外，在许多情况下可以消除或至少缓解对特殊运输和贮存设备和条件如冷藏的需要。
根据本发明，该涂料组合物优选且最容易和经济地通过施用稀释的液体乳液而施用于选定水果和蔬菜的外表面。
乳液优选为水乳液且包含约0.25-25重量％，优选1-10重量％，更优选2-7重量％悬浮在水中的聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物和约0.0001-10％，更优选约0.01-1％表面活性剂，如Triton-X45。
任选地，该涂料组合物还可以包括任何或所有的约0.05-1％抗菌剂，优选羟苯甲酸甲酯，少量增塑剂，如基于聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物为约0.01-10重量％的聚山梨酸酯；和优选约0.005％消泡剂，如聚二甲基硅氧烷。
各组分在水中的浓度可以为约0.25-7重量％，即该稀溶液包含约93-99重量％的水。
水溶液可以任何合适或常规的方式施用于产品上，例如通过在槽或瓮中用该溶液浸渍该产品、通过将该溶液喷雾于该产品上或通过使该产品通过向下降落的溶液帘或瀑布。该产品的整个外表面，或合适的话仅部分该产品的外表面可以用该溶液涂敷以实现所需的贮存期限延长。当喷雾涂敷该产品时，该组合物的固体含量优选不应超过20％，更优选5％。
在由乳液施用涂层之后，可以湿包装收获后产品以随后运输，或需要的话可以在环境空气或强制空气烘道中干燥涂层。
在该产品上由乳液形成的涂层具有一定程度的渗透性，从而使得干燥的涂层容易与周围气氛交换呼吸产品。所提供的呼吸程度是该产品种类的生理反应和乳液涂层的特定化学组成的函数。尽管不希望受任何特定理论的束缚，但该涂层使得在特殊设计的充气室中在后熟过程中产生的或人工暴露于收获后产品的氧气、乙烯和二氧化碳气体有限渗透。本发明的涂层尤其显著降低水蒸气渗透并因此降低该产品的水损失，从而降低和/或延缓脱水，脱水本身在该产品中表现为萎缩以及产品尺寸的降低或产品上表皮的起皱。
在本发明中，发现所用聚偏二氯乙烯乳液在该乳液得到的干燥薄膜具有的透气性在下列范围时具有最佳结果：透氧性在25℃和85％相对湿度下为1-100cm3-um/(m2-天-巴)，最优选在25℃和85％相对湿度下为10-80cm3-um/(m2-天-巴)，水蒸气透过率在38℃和90％相对湿度下为1-50g-um/(m2-天)，优选在38℃和90％相对湿度下为10-30g-um/(m2-天)。
用于本发明中的聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物可以是下列共聚物中的任何一种：偏二氯乙烯与丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、氯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯、乙烯、丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯或上述形成共聚物组合物的单体的任何组合的共聚物。
为了实现本发明的目的和优点并提供在收获后产品的表面上形成延长该产品的贮存期限的连续薄膜的乳液，本发明优选下列涂料组合物(基于水的重量百分数)：
DIOFAN A036 5％
Triton-X45 0.0005％
水 94.0095％
DIOFAN A036是用于控制收获后产品的气体交换的涂层的主要成分。Triton-X45降低该组合物的表面张力并且促进非常均匀的涂层在该产品表面上的形成，这对稳定的性能是优选的。
许多聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物可以用于本发明中，如DIOFAN A036、A736、A115、A716、193D、A232、A050、A063和A603，所有这些共聚物可以市购(如购自the Solvay Corporation，Solvin S.A.，SpecialtyPolymers，比利时布鲁塞尔)。
所用表面活性剂或润湿剂提高了该组合物均匀涂敷并使涂层粘附于收获后产品中通常存在的蜡状表面的能力。更优选Triton-X45，但还可以使用Triton X、15、35、45、100、102、114、165、305、405、505、L-80N以及Tergitol表面活性剂，这二者均购自the Dow Chemical Company，Midland，Michigan；还可以使用由商标名Tween-XXX已知的聚山梨酸酯，其中X表示0-9的数，其购自ICI America′s，Wilmington，Delaware。还可以使用购自the Cytec Corporation的磺基琥珀酸二辛基酯钠。
任选该涂料组合物还可以包括下列物质中的一种或多种：基于水性乳液中的聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物重量，约0.05-％抗菌剂如三氯生，更优选羟苯甲酸甲酯，约50-5000ppb杀真菌剂如TBZ、SOPP或烯菌灵(Imalzalil)以及约0.1-20％增塑剂如甘油或聚山梨酸酯。
当该涂层施用于市售的收获后产品上时，推荐消泡剂。在不使用消泡剂下制备和施用涂料通常导致发泡且因泡沫消散和涂层能够使用之前的时间流逝而导致可用时间随之延迟。消泡剂消除了该延迟且主要是为了生产便利而使用。在本发明中可以将约0.001-0.5％聚二甲基硅氧烷用作消泡剂，其已知为购自the Dow Corning Corporation，Midland，Mich的FG-10。
对于在收获和成熟过程开始之间具有初始保存期且在成熟过程开始和消费之间具有第二保存期的香蕉以及其他水果和蔬菜而言，本发明的涂敷方法可以在这两个保存期之一或二者中用于保存的目的。
该涂料溶液合适的是通过将去离子水混入含有大约50重量％聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物固体的浓缩乳液中以调节到合适浓度而制备。
在混合的同时向所述溶液中加入适当浓度的表面活性剂、生物杀伤剂和消泡剂以实现应用所需的工业性能。
在对比试验的一个实施例中，基本相同的绿色且坚硬但未预先充气的香蕉购自当地分销商。通过浸渍于含有约5重量％聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物DIOFAN A036(含Triton-X45表面活性剂)的乳液中约10秒钟，然后在环境空气中干燥而涂敷对照香蕉。其他香蕉并未以任何方式进行处理。然后将香蕉在58°F的冰箱中贮存2天。然后将香蕉盒送回分销商并放入约72°F的乙烯充气室中达两天以加速黄化或成熟并在环境条件下贮存试验的剩余时间。确定该涂层在延迟成熟上的有效性的可靠方法是观察出现在香蕉皮上的褐斑或“糖斑”的量和尺寸。4天后在未处理香蕉上出现小的褐斑且在第5天变多变大。相反，在6天后在聚合物涂敷的香蕉上几乎不出现任何褐斑。在7天后显著比例的未涂敷香蕉皮出现褐斑且少于10％的涂敷香蕉具有褐斑，这相比起来非常小。在8天后对照香蕉大多数呈褐色并摸起来柔软，而涂敷的香蕉具有小的褐斑且内部果肉坚硬，尝起来没有异味或臭味。在这些特定条件下，涂敷的产品与未涂敷对照产品相比具有至少好2-3天的贮存期限。
在另一对比试验中，新收获的菠萝购自有机食品店。新收获的菠萝所具有的最大问题之一是在贮存和分销过程中出现重量损失。将4个没有涂层的新鲜菠萝用作对照并将4个菠萝和水果冠如实施例1涂敷5％乳液。将该水果在涂敷之后室温放置7天并测量重量损失。7天后对照组的重量损失平均达10.7％，而涂敷产品的重量损失为8.6％，比对照产品的重量损失低20％。由此可见，在1,000,000磅装运量中销售的产品增加20,000磅。此外，与透明且在一半样品中具有褐斑的对照产品相比，涂敷的水果摸起来更坚硬且内部果肉不透明并且没有显示出内部褐斑，这些褐斑是贮存期限丧失的标志。
同样为成功实施本发明的侯选物的额外水果和蔬菜包括鳄梨、麝香瓜、白兰瓜、芒果、木瓜、车前(platains)、杨桃、柠檬、莱母酸橙、橙子、桔子、金桔、桔柚、葡萄柚、荔枝、番石榴、木菠萝、猕猴桃和红毛丹。
如试验所示，本发明的涂敷方法提高了对涂敷产品的呼吸交换或气体，尤其是水和水蒸气渗透的控制并显著有助于延长收获后产品的贮存期限。另外，该涂层抑制了真菌霉菌生长且与合适的添加剂一起抑制产品表面上的细菌生长。
因此，已经表明本发明的目的和优点可以方便、经济、实用和容易的方式实现。
尽管本文已经描述了本发明的某些优选实施方案，但应理解的是在不背离所附权利要求所限定的本发明范围的情况下可以对其作出各种改变、重排、改进和增加。
Claims (11)
1.一种保存新鲜产品的方法，包括用涂料组合物涂敷该产品的外表面的步骤，所述涂料组合物包含约0.25-25重量％聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物和约0.0005-10重量％表面活性剂的水乳液。
2.如权利要求1所要求的方法，其中聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物由偏二氯乙烯与丙烯酸、苯乙烯、氯乙烯或上述共聚单体的组合的共聚物组成。
3.如权利要求1所要求的方法，其中该表面活性剂为Triton-X45、Tergitol和聚山梨酸酯或磺基琥珀酸二辛基酯钠。
4.如权利要求1所要求的方法，其中该涂料组合物包括约0.05-0.1重量％抗菌剂。
5.如权利要求1所要求的方法，其中该涂料组合物包括约50-1000ppb杀真菌剂。
6.如权利要求1所要求的方法，其中该涂料组合物包括约0.005-0.1％聚二甲基硅氧烷。
7.一种用于保存新鲜产品的涂料组合物，包含约0.25-25重量％聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物和约0.0005-10％表面活性剂的水乳液。
8.如权利要求7所要求的涂料组合物，其中该表面活性剂包括Triton-X45，或Tergitol，或Tween，或琥珀酸二辛基酯钠。
9.如权利要求7所要求的涂料组合物，包括约0.05-25重量％抗菌剂。
10.如权利要求7所要求的涂料组合物，包括约25-1000ppm杀真菌剂。
11.如权利要求7所要求的涂料组合物，包括约0.005-0.1％消泡剂聚二甲基硅氧烷。
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- 2004-07-14 EP EP04763209A patent/EP1653809B1/en active Active
- 2004-07-14 ES ES04763209T patent/ES2279417T3/es active Active
- 2004-07-14 CA CA002533090A patent/CA2533090A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-12-27 IL IL172849A patent/IL172849A0/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-01-18 CR CR8198A patent/CR8198A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-20 NO NO20060310A patent/NO20060310L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-27 ZA ZA200601684A patent/ZA200601684B/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-02-14 HR HR20070056T patent/HRP20070056T3/xx unknown
- 2007-11-07 US US11/936,745 patent/US7981454B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103371221A (zh) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-30 | 马凤国 | 一种水果保护保鲜组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN103371221B (zh) * | 2012-04-25 | 2015-11-25 | 马凤国 | 一种水果保护保鲜组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN105378006A (zh) * | 2013-07-12 | 2016-03-02 | 威士伯采购公司 | 用于木板背面的涂料 |
| CN105378006B (zh) * | 2013-07-12 | 2018-06-08 | 威士伯采购公司 | 用于木板背面的涂料 |
| CN109070533A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-12-21 | 索尔维公司 | 包含至少一种山梨酸酯的偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物 |
| CN109070533B (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2021-05-11 | 索尔维公司 | 包含至少一种山梨酸酯的偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物 |
| US11124584B2 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2021-09-21 | Solvay Sa | Vinylidene chloride polymer composition comprising at least one sorbate ester |
| CN108495557A (zh) * | 2016-01-19 | 2018-09-04 | 液封控股私人有限公司 | 用于水果的涂层 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MXPA06000480A (es) | 2006-04-05 |
| EP1653809B1 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
| US20080063762A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
| CA2533090A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| HRP20070056T3 (en) | 2007-11-30 |
| PL1653809T3 (pl) | 2007-06-29 |
| DE602004004276T2 (de) | 2007-05-24 |
| WO2005013704A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| CR8198A (es) | 2006-07-14 |
| NO20060310L (no) | 2006-02-28 |
| AU2004262882A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| ZA200601684B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
| US7935375B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 |
| US20100104710A2 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
| JP2007500503A (ja) | 2007-01-18 |
| PT1653809E (pt) | 2007-03-30 |
| DE602004004276D1 (de) | 2007-02-22 |
| SI1653809T1 (sl) | 2007-06-30 |
| BRPI0413095A (pt) | 2006-10-03 |
| US20040022906A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
| US7981454B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 |
| EP1653809A1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
| IL172849A0 (en) | 2006-06-11 |
| ES2279417T3 (es) | 2007-08-16 |
| US20070055003A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
| DK1653809T3 (da) | 2007-04-30 |
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