CN1912713B - 适于lcd背光显示器的光源 - Google Patents

适于lcd背光显示器的光源 Download PDF

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CN1912713B
CN1912713B CN2006100996198A CN200610099619A CN1912713B CN 1912713 B CN1912713 B CN 1912713B CN 2006100996198 A CN2006100996198 A CN 2006100996198A CN 200610099619 A CN200610099619 A CN 200610099619A CN 1912713 B CN1912713 B CN 1912713B
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T·L·莫
S·K·谭
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0081Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
    • G02B6/0086Positioning aspects
    • G02B6/0091Positioning aspects of the light source relative to the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0031Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0068Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0081Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
    • G02B6/0083Details of electrical connections of light sources to drivers, circuit boards, or the like
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/4805Shape
    • H01L2224/4809Loop shape
    • H01L2224/48091Arched
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/73Means for bonding being of different types provided for in two or more of groups H01L2224/10, H01L2224/18, H01L2224/26, H01L2224/34, H01L2224/42, H01L2224/50, H01L2224/63, H01L2224/71
    • H01L2224/732Location after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/73251Location after the connecting process on different surfaces
    • H01L2224/73265Layer and wire connectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/30Technical effects
    • H01L2924/301Electrical effects
    • H01L2924/3011Impedance

Abstract

公开了一种具有光源、反射器和光管的装置。光源包括沿第一方向以阵列排列的多个LED管芯,每个LED管芯以第二方向发光。光管包括具有上表面、下表面和边界曲面的透明材料层。反射器把从LED管芯以第二方向传播的光反射到所述光管的所述边界曲面,使得一部分光被所述反射器的上表面和下表面反射。在一个实施例中,反射器把离开所述第一方向附近的预定锥角内的所述LED管芯的光重新定向到光管中,使得预定锥角内的光全部被光管的上表面反射。

Description

适于LCD背光显示器的光源
背景技术
液晶显示器(LCD)被广泛地用在计算机和如TV的各种消费装置中。背光LCD是一种象素阵列,其中的每个像素作为通过或阻挡位于像素后面的光源发出的光的快门。彩色显示器的实现是通过给像素配置彩色滤光片,使得每个像素透射或阻挡特定颜色的光。每个像素的光强通过像素处于透射态的时间来设置。
显示器主要由白色光源照明,该白色光源提供穿过显示器背面的强度均匀的光。基于荧光灯的照明光源特别具有吸引力,这是由于其每瓦特时能耗的高的光输出。但是,这种光源需要很高的驱动电压,这使得它们对于依靠电池工作的装置吸引力很小。
结果,在这些应用中对利用基于LED的光源有相当大的兴趣。LED具有类似的电效率和长寿命。此外,所需的驱动电压合适于大部分便携式装置可得到的电池功率。
照明系统通常利用LCD阵列后面的光盒或光管形式的光源。光从光盒的周围进入光盒。与邻近LCD阵列的表面相对的光盒表面有一些对光进行散射的散射覆盖物的构造,使得均匀地照明LCD的背表面。
光源的厚度受光盒厚度的限制。显示器的厚度在用于膝上电脑和掌上装置如PAD和蜂窝电话的显示器中尤其重要,因为显示器的厚度限定了装置的整体厚度。有一些便携式装置需要厚度小于10mm的光盒。随着光盒厚度的减小,以保证均匀照明的方式从侧边将光有效入射到光盒中变得更为困难。
此外,大的显示器存在功率损耗的问题。施加给LED的大部分功率被转变成热而非光。因为光源被限定在光盒的周围,所以产生的热也集中在围绕光盒周围的区域。现有技术中的用于对光盒照明的基于LED的光源没有提供一种把来自LED的热量转移到热耗散表面的简易方法。
发明内容
本发明包括一种含有光源、反射器和光管的装置。光源包括沿第一方向以阵列排列的多个LED管芯,每个LED管芯以第二方向发光。光管包括具有上表面、下表面和边界曲面的透明材料层。反射器把从LED管芯以第二方向传播的光反射到所述光管的所述边界曲面,使得一部分光被所述反射器的上表面和下表面反射。在一个实施例中,反射器把离开所述第一方向附近的预定锥角内的所述LED管芯的光重新定向到光管中,使得预定锥角内的光全部被光管的上表面反射。在一个实施例中,所述透明材料层的下表面包括对透过其的光进行散射的部件,至少一部分所述光以一定的角度向上表面散射,使得所述散射的光离开所述透明材料层的所述上表面。在一个实施例中,LED管芯接合到具有金属芯的衬底,该金属芯的一个表面接合一绝缘层。在一个实施例中,反射器包括具有平行于第一方向的轴的圆柱形反射器。在一个实施例中,透明介质填充反射器和衬底之间的体积,使得管芯被透明介质覆盖。在一个实施例中,衬底包括一反射表面,用于反射来自LED管芯的透过该表面的光。在一个实施例中,经管芯的侧面离开LED的光被反射到反射器中。
附图说明
图1是光源10的顶视图;
图2是光源10沿2-2线的截面图;
图3是光源50的分解透视图;
图4是光源50的截面图;
图5是附着到光管73边缘的光源70的截面图;
图6是管芯排列的顶视图;
图7是图6中沿7-7线的截面图;
图8是图6中沿8-8线的截面图;
图9是光源在管芯中的截面图;
图10是说明模制在所安装管芯上并由此封装管芯和各种接线的透明塑料层;
图11说明设置在透明塑料层上表面上的反射层;
图12说明接合到衬底的预制反射器;
图13说明填充有透明灌注混合物反射器和衬底之间的体积;
图14说明各种颜色的LED串联连接的连接方案。
具体实施方式
通过参见图1和图2可以更容易地理解本发明提供其优点的方式,图中说明了用于照明LCD显示器16的现有光盒的排列。图1是光源10的顶视图,图2是光源10沿2-2线的截面图。光源10利用LED阵列11对光管12照明。LED安置在电路板13上,电路板13安置于为LED供给电源的第二板15上。LED如此定位使得离开每个LED顶部的光照明光管12的端部。以相对于表面21的法线大于临界角的角度进入光管12中的光在光管12内来回反射,直到该光被表面17上的颗粒22吸收或反射。以小于临界角的角度透过表面21的散射光从光管漏出并照明LCD显示器16的后表面。
图1和2所示的排列有一系列的问题。首先,来自LED的光的混合较差,特别是在接近LED的区域18中。这个问题由于使用单独封装的LED而变得更糟,因为光源之间的距离必须足够大以容纳各个LED芯片的封装。因此,LCD显示器16的任一边缘照明不足,或者光管必须延伸,以使得非均匀照明的区域不在LCD电源之下。后一解决方案增大了使用该显示器的装置的尺寸,因此也是不理想的。
其次,LED产生的热量必需在印刷电路板13的背面14上耗散的,通过传导到印刷电路板15而耗散。表面14上可用于热耗散的区域受印刷电路板13高度的限制。随着显示器厚度的减小,此高度也必需减小。可替换地,热量可经印刷电路板13传导到具有较大的可用于热耗散的区域的印刷电路板15。但是,热流受印刷电路板13厚度的限制。
第三,LED产生的光的主要部分由于光管和空气之间折射率的差异引起的反射而在空气-光管界面处损失了。如果LED透镜24和光管端部23之间的空间填充折射率材料,则透镜的成像特性将损失,因此,LED产生的光的主要部分将不能成像到窄的光管中。
参见图3和4,该图说明根据本发明一个实施例的光源,图3是光源50的分解透视图,图4是光源50的截面图.光源50可以看成是由多个LED管芯构成的线光源.在图3所示的实施例中,每个LED发射红光、绿光或蓝光.管芯交替排列以提供沿光源长度大致均匀的颜色.在一个实施例中,调节管芯发射的相对光强以便提供预定色温的白光源.
LED管芯被封装在具有外表面包含反射器51的透明介质52中。封装材料保护管芯。此外,封装材料提供与光管匹配的折射率,该光管是下述LCD照明系统的一部分。优选反射器51的反射表面是具有双曲线截面的柱形。但是,也可以利用其它的截面和形状。
各个管芯安装在包括金属芯60的衬底54上,其中金属芯60作为散热和热耗散路径。此外,金属芯为LED提供电源导轨中的一个,最好是接地的。衬底54的上表面包括电绝缘层61,其上粘结有各种传导轨迹。在图3和4所示的各个实施例中,利用三条信号轨迹,每条对应一种颜色的LED。各个LED通过接线,如图4中所示的接线58,连接到适当的信号轨迹。在这些附图所示的实施例中,公共电源导轨通过穿过绝缘层61的路径59而连接到每个管芯的底部。但是,如果管芯在其底面上没有任何其它的电触点,则LED可以直接安装在金属芯上。
在图3和4所示的实施例中,所有发红光的LED连接到第一信号轨迹55,所有发蓝光的LED连接到第二信号轨迹56,所有发绿光的LED连接到第三信号轨迹57。通过改变在轨迹上提供的电流或轨迹上的信号的占空比,可以调节来自LED的平均光强。这种排列允许光源的输出光谱被调节到特定的颜色,并随着LED的老化维持该颜色。如果一些特殊的应用需要单独调节每个LED,则可以对每个LED应用单独的轨迹。
参见图5可以更容易地理解确定反射器大小和形状的方式,该图是附着到光管73边缘的光源70的截面图,其中光管形成用于照明LCD面板76的光混合盒。光源70通过填充有折射率匹配化合物的区域77连接到光管73。在垂直方向离开LED71的光被反射器72反射到光管73中。反射器72的大小和截面形状被如此选择使得基本上所有首先从光管73的上表面74或下表面75反射离开LED71的光以大于临界角θc的角度反射。因此,这个光将全部被内反射回光管73的下表面75。光一旦透过表面75,要么以仍大于临界角的角度反射,要么被表面75上的散射中心74散射。被反射的光将再一次被表面74全反射并被重新定向到表面75。光被如此散射使得散射光以小于θc的角度透过表面74,所述光将离开光管并照明LCD板76的下表面。以大于θc的角度散射的任何光将仍然陷在在光管内。
被散射中心78散射的一些光将以允许光经表面75逃逸的角度被导离表面74。为了防止这样的光损失,可以为光管73的底面涂覆反射材料或是可以将单独的反射器79置于光管73之下。
到达光管的光量还可以通过利用具有反射表面89的衬底被进一步增大。一些离开管芯71的光将被如此反射,使得这些光透过衬底,如标号81的光线所示。如果衬底的表面是反射性的,则光将被导入光管中,从而提高光的汇集效率。
应该注意,LED管芯从管芯的侧面发射主要部分光。这个光是通过从管芯内的水平表面的全反射而陷在管芯内侧的光。这些光在以近似直角的角度透过表面的那侧离开管芯。图4中52所示的封装材料减少该侧面发射的光,因为它比管芯-空气界面更与管芯材料的折射率匹配。但是,管芯材料仍有基本上大于封装材料的折射率,因此大部分光仍可从管芯的侧面导出。
一些常规封装的LED是通过把管芯放置在盘状反射器中来聚集光,所述盘状反射器把侧面发射的光反射到正向.但是,对于每个管芯包括单独反射器的实施方案由于两个原因而不甚理想.其一,提供单独反射器的成本是相当可现的,从而增大光源的成本.其二,沿一条线提供离散的点光源的管芯排列导致LCD表面更差的的均匀照明度,要差于沿所述线更接近地模拟连续光源的排列.
参见图6-8,这些图说明了一种更接近连续线光源的管芯排列。图6是管芯排列的顶视图,图7是沿图6中7-7线的截面图,图8是沿图6中8-8线的截面图。管芯81沿线7-7排列,每对管芯之间有间隔85。如上所述,管芯发射的颜色交替,使得没有两个相邻的管芯发射相同的颜色。在82处示出的两个线反射器定位成在垂直于线7-7的方向上反射离开管芯侧面的光。这些反射器如此反射光,使得光在与离开管芯顶部的光相同的方向上被引导。管芯之间的间隔85中填充具有悬浮其中如84所示的散射颗粒的透明材料。在这些区域下的衬底83的表面是反光的。因此,被这些颗粒向下散射的光在正向被重新定向,微粒状散射介质将侧面的光重新定向到正向,并充当扩散器,从而模糊沿线条7-7的光源的离散性质。
参见图9-11,图中表示了根据本发明制造光源的一种方法。首先,将管芯安置在衬底92上,如图9所示,该图是穿过管芯91的光源的截面图。管芯91安置在导电轨迹93上,该轨迹作为所有管芯的公共接地连接。管芯91还通过接线95连接到导电信号轨迹94。各个电轨迹连结到电绝缘层96,该绝缘层使轨迹与衬底92绝缘,优选由金属构成衬底。在图9所示的实施例中,假设层96很薄,因而对从管芯91向衬底92传递的热量不产生显著的阻碍。可替换地,可以将管芯91直接安置在衬底92上。在这种情况下,衬底92作为传热元件和公共电连接。接下来,在安装的管芯上模制透明的塑料或硅树脂层97,由此封装管芯和各种接线,如图10所示。模制层的上表面做成这样的形状,使得该表面对上述的反射器提供正确的曲率。最后,将反射层98沉积在层97的上表面上,如图11所示。
参见图12和13,它们说明了根据本发明制造光源的另一方法。在该方法中,管芯安置在如上参照图9-11所述的衬底上。将预置的反射器99接合到如图12所示的衬底92。反射器99和衬底92之间的体积填充如图13所示的透明的灌注混合物101。此实施例不依赖于如图10所示的层97的模制表面的质量,因此,可以提供光学性能更加完美的反射表面。此外,反射器99可以提供额外的热辐射表面,以便从衬底92和周围空气中除去热量。
上述实施例利用了这样的连接方案,即所有特定颜色的LED并联连接到公共电源端子,并经LED之下的导电焊盘连接到被所有LED使用的公共地线。但是,也可以使用其它排列。例如,所有特定颜色的LED可以串联连接到一起。如果特定颜色的各个LED需要不同的电压来提供相同的光输出,则优选串联连接排列,因为这样的排列确保所有特定颜色的LED用相同的电流驱动,并因此产生相同的光输出。
参见图14,该图表示每种颜色的各个LED串联连接的方案。在此排列中,图3所示的衬底54包括三条金属轨迹101-103,这三条轨迹在连接LED的每一点处包含间隙,如间隙105。所有的蓝色LED111连接到轨迹101,使得LED完成跨越轨迹101中一个间隙的电路。类似的,绿色LED112跨越轨迹102中的间隙而连接,红色LED113跨越轨迹103中的间隙而连接。每条轨迹的端部连接到向对应颜色的LED供电的驱动电路。
通过前面的描述及附图,本发明的各种改型对于本领域的技术人员来说将变得明显。因此,本发明仅由后附的权利要求的范围限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种液晶显示器的背光装置,包括:
光源,包括沿第一方向以阵列排列的多个LED管芯,所述LED管芯安装在衬底上,所述衬底包括金属芯,每个LED管芯以第二方向发光;
光管,包括具有上表面、下表面和边界曲面的透明材料层;
反射器,把从所述LED管芯以所述第二方向传播的光反射到所述光管的所述边界曲面,使得基本上所有首先从所述光管的所述上表面和下表面反射的光以大于临界角的角度反射,
其中,所述衬底位于所述光源底部,所述光管位于所述光源的侧面,
其中,所述透明材料层的所述下表面包括对透过其的光进行散射的部件,至少一部分所述光以一定的角度向所述上表面散射,使得所述散射的光离开所述透明材料层的所述上表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的背光装置,其中,所述金属芯的一个表面接合一绝缘层。
3.如权利要求1所述的背光装置,其中,所述反射器包括具有平行于所述第一方向的轴的圆柱形反射器。
4.如权利要求2所述的背光装置,还包括在所述绝缘层上的多个导电轨迹,每个管芯电连接到所述导电轨迹中的至少一个。
5.如权利要求4所述的背光装置,其中,所述管芯连接到所述轨迹中的一个,使得所述管芯串联连接。
6.如权利要求1所述的背光装置,还包括填充在所述反射器和所述衬底之间体积的透明介质,使得管芯被所述透明介质覆盖。
7.如权利要求1所述的背光装置,其中,所述衬底包括反射表面,用于反射来自所述LED管芯的光。
8.如权利要求1所述的背光装置,其中,所述LED管芯包括发射不同波长带的光的管芯。
9.如权利要求8所述的背光装置,其中,在所述阵列中彼此相邻的所述LED管芯发射不同波长带的光。
10.如权利要求1所述的背光装置,还包括侧光反射器,用于把从所述LED管芯的侧面以垂直于所述第一方向的方向发射的光重新定向在平行于所述第二方向的方向上。
11.如权利要求10所述的背光装置,其中,所述侧光反射器包括散射光的颗粒,所述颗粒悬浮在位于所述光阵列中的所述LED管芯之间的透明介质中。
12.一种用于液晶显示器的背光装置的照明表面的方法,包括:
提供一光源,包括沿第一方向以阵列排列的多个LED管芯,所述LED管芯安装在衬底上,所述衬底包括金属芯,每个LED管芯以第二方向发光;
提供一光管,包括具有上表面、下表面和边界曲面的透明材料层,所述上表面接近所述要照明的表面,其中,所述衬底位于所述光源底部,所述光管位于所述光源的侧面;
提供一反射器,把从所述LED管芯以所述第二方向传播的光反射到所述光管的所述边界曲面,使得基本上所有首先从所述光管的所述上表面和下表面反射的光以大于临界角的角度反射;
把来自所述光管的所述下表面的光以一定的角度向所述上表面散射,使得所述散射的光离开所述透明材料层的所述上表面.
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述LED管芯包括发射不同波长带的光的管芯。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,在所述阵列中彼此相邻的所述LED管芯发射不同波长带的光。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,离开所述光管层的所述上表面的光使看到该光的人感觉为白光。
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KR20060121701A (ko) 2006-11-29
CN1912713A (zh) 2007-02-14
KR101231484B1 (ko) 2013-02-07
TWI320506B (en) 2010-02-11
US7293906B2 (en) 2007-11-13
TW200643567A (en) 2006-12-16
JP5215535B2 (ja) 2013-06-19

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