CN1918010B - 含碳纸张和镶板 - Google Patents

含碳纸张和镶板 Download PDF

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CN1918010B
CN1918010B CN200480041796XA CN200480041796A CN1918010B CN 1918010 B CN1918010 B CN 1918010B CN 200480041796X A CN200480041796X A CN 200480041796XA CN 200480041796 A CN200480041796 A CN 200480041796A CN 1918010 B CN1918010 B CN 1918010B
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迪特尔·德林
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Abstract

本发明涉及纸张和由其制备的地板用镶板。

Description

含碳纸张和镶板
本发明涉及纸张和由其制备的地板用镶板。该镶板包含载体和粘附在载体上的纸张，其通常是已印好的，并且在此情况下，表示装饰纸。通常，在载体的下面粘附有反作用元件，优选为纸张形式的反作用元件。所述的镶板在其边上提供有耦合元件。因此，可以将镶板在有胶或无胶的情况下连接在一起，如在例如WO 01/94721 A1中所述。
装饰纸可以含有由刚玉、氧化铝或碳化硅制成的耐磨性粒子，使得人可以在装饰纸上行走。将耐磨性粒子嵌埋在树脂基质中。由于成本的原因，通常优选三聚氰胺树脂，其可以与尿素树脂混合。由文件US4,940,503；WO 00/44576 A1；WO 00/44984 A1和WO 02/066265可知制备地板镶板用的装饰纸的方法。
可以由树脂将反作用纸张粘附至载体上。在此情况下，优选尿素树脂，因此内面上的耐湿性不是特别关键。因此，可以省略昂贵的添加剂如例如三聚氰胺树脂。
在许多情况下，载体是由木制复合材料的板制成的。目前，优选HDF作为载体的材料，因为该材料对于木制复合材料具有同等良好的尺寸稳定性并且可以容易地加工。这种板的生产方法描述于DE 202 10 718 U1。
用于层压地板的载体还可以由多个纸层构成，这些纸层粘合在一起，如WO 96/27721所公开。
当在其上行走，尤其是与相对低的空气湿度相关时，这样的层压地板可以通过摩擦电进行放电。在本发明的意义上，低于50％的空气湿度被认为是低。在不利的条件下，人本身可以带电，其身体电压高达25,000V。
当接近接地部件，如例如散热器时，可能出现放电火花，如果高于2kV，这对于对这种作用敏感的人是显著的。由于较高的电荷，这种放电可能是痛苦的。此外，这种电荷可以损坏电子器件如计算机和电子电路。
为了解决此问题，提供了具有所谓的“抗静电”性质的镶板。根据EN1815，如果对人的潜在带电低于2,000V，则镶板可以仅要求该称号。
本发明的问题在于提供具有抗静电性质的与镶板在一起的装饰纸。该问题是由根据主要权利要求的特征的纸张解决的。优选的实施方案来源于从属权利要求。
根据本发明，纸张并且优选所谓的装饰纸含有导电材料，特别是碳。优选地，这是通过将碳加入至分散体中实现的，所述的分散体含有树脂，特别是氨基树脂和/或丙烯酸酯树脂。如果应当改善纸张的强度，则优选使用丙烯酸酯树脂。如果使用非常薄的纸张，则特别应当改善强度，以降低成本。本发明意义上的薄纸张是单位面积的质量不超过50g/m2的纸张。根据本发明的纸张在未处理的条件下可以仅具有10g/m2。如果它含有丙烯酸酯树脂，那么这可以充分地改善强度，并且特别是如果将含有丙烯酸酯树脂的分散体压制到纸张中。如果由两个辊从而它们相互挤压并且纸张在辊间通过，将分散体涂覆至纸张上，那么可以将分散体压制到本发明意义上的纸张中。这与其中仅将丙烯酸酯树脂喷漆到纸张上的情况相反，所述的情况描述于例如WO 02/079571中。
为了使干扰最小，至少这些辊将要压制分散体进入纸张中的表面具有橡胶涂层。
碳相对于所使用的纸张重量仅1-5重量％的含量对于观察导电性的显著改善已经足够。例如，在一个优选的实例，如果纸张重量为30g/m2，那么0.5g碳/平方米的纸张对于明显地改善纸张的导电性是足够的。在上面给出的实例中，碳含量应当不超过20g。换言之，应当不超过60-70重量％的阈值。25-35重量％的量对于以下转变为不利的，换言之，上述实例中8-10g/m2的纸张：以可接受的成本在镶板的一个面上达到所需要的抗静电性能，并且在另一面上制备装饰纸。
可以使该纸张以纸幅的形式通过混合物(其是指分散体)，该混合物含有尿素树脂和/或三聚氰胺树脂，以及上述的导电材料，特别是碳。将由此浸渍的纸张干燥，并且与载体压制在一起，优选在施加热量下压制在一起。
备选地可以将该混合物或者分散体例如喷涂至纸张上。
结果是与提供有被普通树脂饱和的纸张的镶板相比其抗静电性能得到改善的镶板。由于导电粒子，改善了地板的表面积中的导电性。这使得在所述地板上行走的人带电降低。
如上所述，根据技术现状，可以在装饰的上表面上提供耐磨性粒子。为了经济生产，混合物已经含有耐磨性粒子，特别是氧化铝相应的刚玉，因为这些材料通常几乎是不可见，所以装饰的外观保持几乎未被削弱。因此，在一个步骤中，将耐磨性粒子涂覆至装饰纸上，同时抗静电性能得到改善。
优选地，首先制造导电纸张，然后为其提供装饰，特别是通过印刷提供。由此，采用导电材料例如碳，没有在光学上削弱装饰。
然后，如在例如文件EP 1 068 083 A1或WO 00/44984中所公开的，将具有耐磨性粒子的层涂覆至装饰的上面。从这些文件中已知的方法通过引用而包括在本文中。
最后，根据适宜的实施方案，可以提供覆盖层，所述的覆盖层被含有树脂如例如尿素树脂和/或三聚氰胺树脂的混合物所饱和。此外，该混合物还可以含有改善导电性的物质。然后将载体、装饰纸以及如果需要的覆盖层压制在一起成为镶板。通常，还压制反作用纸张，于是所述的反作用纸位于载体的内面上。
备选地，可以将耐磨性粒子如例如刚玉涂覆至覆盖层的一面上。将载体、装饰纸、覆盖层以及如果需要的反作用纸压制在一起，使得耐磨性粒子位于装饰纸和覆盖层之间。装饰在板的表面上是可见的。
如果将碳以直径在纳米范围内的非常小的粒子形式加入至分散体，则实现了碳在纸张中非常良好的分布。根据本发明，地板在空气湿度为25％的情况下的潜在带电被降低至0.8kV。普通的地板在类似的条件下可以带电高达5-6kV。因此，根据本发明，可以没有问题地满足标准EN 1815。
此外，还发现，导电粒子在分散体中的应用，所述的分散体被压制在纸张中，有规律地只在可比较的边上改善了导电性。可能地，这是由于导电粒子被树脂封闭，因此导电粒子被电绝缘。令人惊奇的是，采用碳没有观察到这种作用。
备选地，根据本发明，可以在纸张的生产过程中对纸张已经提供了导电物质如例如碳，以改善导电性。因此，根据本发明，使用的是其导电性超过反作用纸的导电性数倍的纸张，因为对反作用纸的导电性没有兴趣。通常，装饰纸的导电性也超过可以涂覆的覆盖层纸张导电性的数倍，因为普通在覆盖层中将避免导电粒子，以防止镶板的视觉恶化。
含有丙烯酸酯的分散体或混合物具体地含有水，其中分散有丙烯酸酯以及导电粒子。因此，适宜的丙烯酸酯以及导电粒子是可以容易被分散的那些。在本发明一个有利的实施方案中，将含有丙烯酸酯的分散体或混合物与导电粒子一起压制在纸张中。为此，具体地，将纸张在相互挤压的辊间压制。所述的辊提供有橡胶涂层，以防止对纸张的损坏。将含有丙烯酸酯的分散体或混合物连续地涂覆至一个辊上。在纸张离开辊后，含有导电粒子的分散体或混合物被压制在纸张中。
一个大的优点在于，分散的丙烯酸酯不仅仅被喷漆在纸张上，因为在那种情况下，分散的丙烯酸酯将不或仅不充分地渗透入纸张中。通过压制，确保分散体或混合物渗透入纸张中，使得纸张达到适宜改善的强度。另外，纸张浸渍有分散体或混合物，使得在随后加工成镶板的过程中，另外涂覆的树脂不或至少仅有极少量渗透纸张。
在该方法一个优选的实施方案中，在将浸渍的含有丙烯酸酯的分散体或混合物压制在纸张中之前，使纸张通风或除气。为此，将纸张的一面用含有丙烯酸酯的分散体或混合物浸渍，其可以已经含有导电粒子。因此，在纸张中含有的空气被分散体或混合物置换。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，将含有导电粒子，特别是碳的树脂/丙烯酸酯混合物或分散体，特别是氨基树脂/丙烯酸酯混合物，用于浸渍。采用这种混合物或分散体，可以实现将纸张重量降低至约10g/m2的下限。以这种方式制造的纸张，与适宜的混合物一起，充分地证明将它们在制备镶板时用作例如反作用纸。对于本领域的技术人员而言，可以在几次实验的帮助下发现适宜的混合物。
纸张应当不超过50g/m2，优选35g/m2的上限，以实现足够的成本优势。目前，最佳值的范围为25-35g/m2。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中，将着色颜料加入至分散体中，如硅酸铝、碳酸钙、TiO2、AlO2或硅酸锰。如此，显著地降低了透光率。如此，纸张随后可以提供有装饰，而不具有不适宜的半透明外观。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中，将含有丙烯酸酯树脂以及碳的分散体或混合物从除气纸张的两侧压制。已经表明，如此，纸张从其中间开始填充有含有丙烯酸酯树脂的分散体或混合物，所述的分散体或混合物含有导电粒子。这样的浸渍纸张特别良好地适宜于镶板的上述生产。
由此方法制造的纸张不同于所谓的抛光箔片，所述的抛光箔片只具有喷涂在表面上的丙烯酸酯，而没有将丙烯酸酯压制入纸张上，特别是没有使丙烯酸酯位于纸张中和没有使其不仅仅完全或主要地位于表面上。层间粘合强度显著高于具有上述抛光箔片的那些，如水蒸汽试验所示；在水蒸汽试验中，使纸张与水蒸汽接触2小时。采用普通并且与本发明的纸张相反的纸张，出现分裂。
在以上面所述的方式制造镶板的过程中，还可以将含有丙烯酸酯树脂的纸张用作反作用纸，目的在于可以使用特别薄的纸张，这降低了制造成本。这种用作反作用纸的纸张不是必须地具有导电粒子，也不是必须地具有颜料。良好导电性的反作用纸张将不增加所需要的抗静电性能。
碳仅是优选实例。也可以使用例如季铵类，以改善导电性。另外，纸张在其制造过程中也可以已经含有导电材料。
实施例
将上述分散体压制在30g/m2的纸张1中，所述的碳粒子的平均直径小于1,000nm，优选小于500nm。对于每平方米的纸张，采用8-10g的碳。分散体包含尿素和/或三聚氰胺树脂，以及丙烯酸酯。在纸张干燥后，将其印刷，并且如此提供装饰。
将如此制造的导电装饰纸1用含有耐磨性粒子的三聚氰胺树脂浸渍，并且干燥。采用其内面，将装饰纸安置在8-mm厚的HDF板3上。在装饰上，涂覆所谓的覆盖层4，其被三聚氰胺树脂的混合物饱和。备选地，涂覆纤维和三聚氰胺树脂，以节省用于单独制造覆盖层的费用。在HDF板的下面，安置纸张5，所述的纸张5用作反作用纸，其被尿素树脂饱和。
纸张1和5，包括覆盖层4，相应地，树脂与纤维和HDF板3，采用180℃-220℃的温度，例如用快速循环压制机(fast-cycle press)压制。
通过将与压制纸张一起的板3切割和轧制，制造出尺寸为1,400mm×200mm具有耦合装置的镶板。结果示意性地示于图中。
为了测试，由几种镶板形成地板，所述的镶板全部是根据上面给出的实施例制造的。在室温和25％的空气湿度下，测试者的带电量仅为0.5kV。与常规镶板比较，其显示的带电量高达6kV。

Claims (12)

1.装饰纸，所述装饰纸具有装饰并且包含平均粒度小于1,000nm的导电碳，其中所述装饰纸具有10g/m2至50g/m2的纸张重量，并且浸渍有含有所述导电碳的树脂/丙烯酸酯混合物。
2.根据权利要求1的装饰纸，其中所述树脂为尿素树脂和/或三聚氰胺树脂。
3.根据权利要求1的装饰纸，其还包含在装饰纸上提供的耐磨性粒子。
4.根据权利要求1的装饰纸，其中所述碳的平均粒度小于500nm。
5.根据权利要求4的装饰纸，其中所述碳的平均粒度小于1nm。
6.地板用镶板，所述镶板包括载体板和根据权利要求1的装饰纸，所述装饰纸粘附在所述载体板上，并且形成所述镶板的装饰上表面。
7.根据权利要求6的镶板，所述的镶板还包含涂覆在所述装饰纸上的耐磨性粒子，并且其中与在制造镶板的过程中使用的任何其它纸张相比，所述的装饰纸具有更高的导电性。
8.根据权利要求6的镶板，所述镶板包括在所述载体板的内面上的反作用纸。
9.根据权利要求6的镶板，其中所述载体板由HDF制成。
10.根据权利要求6的镶板，所述镶板包括在其边上的耦合元件。
11.根据权利要求6的镶板，其中所述碳的平均粒度小于500nm。
12.根据权利要求7的镶板，其中所述耐磨性粒子包括刚玉粒子。
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