CN1954053A - 重油热处理的结垢抑制 - Google Patents

重油热处理的结垢抑制 Download PDF

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CN1954053A
CN1954053A CNA2005800155177A CN200580015517A CN1954053A CN 1954053 A CN1954053 A CN 1954053A CN A2005800155177 A CNA2005800155177 A CN A2005800155177A CN 200580015517 A CN200580015517 A CN 200580015517A CN 1954053 A CN1954053 A CN 1954053A
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heavy oil
sodium salt
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naphthalene
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拉梅什·瓦拉达拉杰
迈克尔·希什金
利奥·D·布朗
彼得·S·玛
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Abstract

水溶性芳香族多磺酸盐来抑制重油热处理所用工艺装置结垢的用途。

Description

重油热处理的结垢抑制
发明领域
本发明涉及使用水溶性芳香族多磺酸盐来抑制重油热处理所用工艺装置结垢。
背景技术
重油通常是指包含具有较高粘度或API比重小于20的油类的那些烃类。API比重小于20的原油和在原油常压或真空蒸馏之后得到的原油渣油是重油的实例。重油的改质在生产、运输和精制工艺中都是重要的。改质的原油与未改质的原油相比，通常具有较高的API比重和较低的粘度。较低的粘度能够易于油类运输。重油改质普遍采用的方法是重油的热处理。热处理包括例如减粘裂化和加氢减粘裂化(通过加氢进行减粘裂化)的工艺。
重油热处理(例如减粘裂化)的主要限制在于在较高工艺强度时甲苯不溶物(TI)的形成以及反应器的结垢。反应容器的结垢会导致停机时间以及能量损耗。本发明就是针对热处理(例如减粘裂化)的结垢限制，提供一种用于改进重油热处理设备的可操作性的方法。
发明概述
在一种实施方式中，提供了一种用于抑制在热处理过程中与重油接触的工艺设备表面结垢的方法，该方法包括：
a)将有效量的水溶性抑制剂添加剂添加到所述重油中，提供添加抑制剂的重油，该水溶性的抑制剂添加剂符合下述化学式：
Ar-(SO3 -X+)n
其中Ar是包含至少2个环的同核芳基，X是选自碱金属和碱土金属的金属，当使用碱金属时n为1～5的整数，当使用碱土金属时n为2～10的整数；
b)在250℃～500℃的温度范围下对所述添加抑制剂的重油进行热处理0.1～10小时。
在一种优选的实施方式中，所述芳环结构是一种包含2～15个芳环的多核环结构。
附图简要说明
图1是标识为“无”的不含添加剂的以及包含两种添加剂1，3，6-NTSS和2，6-NDSS的热处理过的Athabasca沥青的甲苯不溶物(TI)的柱状图。
图2是标识为“无”的不含添加剂的以及包含依照方案-1和方案-2形成的添加剂1，3，6-NTSS的热处理过的Athabasca沥青的甲苯不溶物(TI)的柱状图。
图3是本文实施例中所用的芳香族多磺酸盐的热重分析法图线，显示它们在高达500℃时保持热稳定。
图4是此实施例中TGA前后的2，6-萘二磺酸二钠盐的光声傅立叶变换光谱，显示该添加剂加热高达500℃时不会化学降解。
发明详述
依照本发明的一种实施方式，提供了一种用于抑制在热处理(例如减粘裂化和炼焦)过程中与重油接触的工艺设备(例如容器、管线和炉管)表面结垢的方法。重油非限定性的实例包括原油、真空渣油、常压渣油、煤液和页岩油。本发明包括在热处理之前将有效量的水溶性芳香族多磺酸添加到所述重油中。在将有效量的芳香族多磺酸产物添加到重油中之后，在250℃～500℃的温度范围内进行热处理30秒～6小时。芳香族多磺酸产物通常在此处称作抑制剂添加剂。
如前所述，本发明优选的抑制剂添加剂是如下化学结构的芳香族多磺酸盐：
Ar-(SO3 -X+)n
其中Ar是包含至少2个环的同核芳基，X选自元素周期表的第I族(碱金属)和第II族(碱土金属)元素，当使用碱金属时n为1～5的整数(包括1和5)；当使用碱土金属时n为2～10的整数(包括2和10)。优选的X选自碱金属，优选为钠或钾及其混合物。优选Ar含2～15个环，更优选含2～4个环，最优选含2～3个环。本发明的芳香族多磺酸盐由轻质催化循环油的多磺酸化所制备属于本发明的范围之内。轻质催化循环油是通过蒸馏来自流化催化裂化(FCC)工艺的产品而制备的烃的复合组合物，碳数为C9～C25，沸点为340(171℃)～700(371℃)。轻质催化循环油在此也被称为轻质催化循环油和LCCO。LCCO通常富含2-环芳香族分子。来自US精炼厂的LCCO通常包含80％的芳香族化合物。该芳香族化合物通常为33％的1-环芳香族化合物和66％的2-环芳香族化合物。此外，该1-环和2-环芳香族化合物可以是甲基、乙基和丙基取代的。甲基是主要的取代基。也存在少量的含氮和硫的杂环，例如吲哚和苯并噻吩。
优选的本发明芳香族多磺酸盐如下所示。
Figure A20058001551700061
萘-2-磺酸钠盐
萘-2，6-二磺酸钠盐
Figure A20058001551700071
萘-1，5-二磺酸钠盐
Figure A20058001551700072
萘-1，3，6-三磺酸钠盐
Figure A20058001551700073
蒽醌-2-磺酸钠盐
蒽醌-1，5-二磺酸钠盐
和
Figure A20058001551700081
芘-1，3，6，8-四磺酸钠盐
该多磺酸组合物可通过下述方法由LCCO制备，该方法通常包括在有效条件下用化学计量过量的硫酸多磺化LCCO。石油原料的常规磺化通常使用过量的石油原料，而不是过量的硫酸。本发明人意外地发现，当使用化学计量过量的硫酸磺化LCCO时，所得的多磺化产物具有新的性质和用途。通过用一定量的苛性碱处理以中和酸官能团，使芳香族多磺酸转化为芳香族多磺酸盐。LCCO多磺酸组合物可最好地描述为1-环和2-环芳香核的混合物，每个芳香核具有一个或多个磺酸基团。芳香核为甲基、乙基和丙基取代的，并且甲基基团是更优选的取代基。
通常，抑制剂添加剂的加入量可为10～50,000wppm，优选20～3000wppm，更优选20～1000wppm，以原油或原油渣油的量为基准。抑制剂添加剂可以直接加入或者在合适的载体溶剂中加入，优选使用水或水-醇混合物作为载体溶剂。优选的醇为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇及其混合物。载体溶剂优选为添加剂和载体溶剂混合物的10～80重量％。
抑制剂添加剂与重油的接触可以在热处理之前的任何时候完成。接触可在储藏处、运输过程中或精炼地点生产重油的位置处进行。在原油残油的情况下，在热处理之前的任何时间接触抑制剂添加剂。接触之后，优选混合重油和添加剂。可使用本领域中通常已知的任何合适的混合装置。这种合适的混合器的非限制性实例包括在线静态混合器和浆式混合器。重油和添加剂的接触可在10℃～150℃的任何温度下进行。接触并混合重油和添加剂之后，混合物可从接触温度冷却至环境温度，即15℃～30℃。另外，在热处理之前，添加了添加剂并冷却的混合物可储存起来，或从一个地点运输至另一个地点。可选择地，如果需要，可在接触地点热处理添加了添加剂并冷却的混合物。
添加有添加剂的重油的热处理包括将油在250℃～500℃的温度范围内加热30秒～6小时。工艺装置例如减粘裂化炉可以有利地用于进行热处理。优选使用本领域技术人员公知的混合装置来混合热处理过程中添加有添加剂的重油。也优选热处理工艺是在惰性环境中进行的。在反应容器中使用例如氮气或氩气的惰性气体可以提供这种惰性环境。
本发明的实践抑制了工艺单元(特别是用于将重油热转化成轻质产物的反应容器)内部的表面结垢。本发明的实践还显著降低了结焦或结垢的速率。
以下实施例包括在此用于说明的目的，但并不用于限定作用。
实施例1
在氮气下[350 PSI(2413.17kPa)]将120g沥青快速加热至750(398.89℃)，并且以1500RPM连续搅拌。使沥青在这些条件下反应一段时间，这段时间计算为相当于在875(468.33℃)温度下的短减粘裂化操作(通常为120～180“当量秒”)。在获得期望的减粘裂化强度之后，快速冷却高压釜以停止任何进一步的热转化。当沥青进行如上所述的热处理时，观察到高压釜的内部结有碳质沉积的污垢。当以基于沥青重量的500～6000ppm的处理比使用本发明的1，3，6-NTSS添加剂时，观察到反应器内部是清洁的，基本没有碳质沉积。
实施例2
添加剂的热稳定性
添加剂有效性的一个要求是在热转化条件下其是热稳定的。进行了热重分析试验，一组芳香族磺酸钠盐的数据表明(图3)：该添加剂最高到500℃仍是热稳定的，因为重量损失小于10wt.％。对TGA实验前后的2，6-萘二磺酸二钠盐进行了光声傅立叶变换光谱实验，我们观察到该添加剂加热直到500℃时不会化学降解(图4)。只是观察到水/水合的损耗。
实施例3
钢表面的润湿性
添加剂有效性的另一个要求是，与未处理的油相比，经添加剂处理过的油在钢表面上的润湿性更低。较低的润湿性导致较低的表面结垢。在下面的高温润湿性试验中观察到了这种性能。
在Cold Lake原油(20g)中添加了1，3，7-萘三磺酸三钠盐(1，3，7-NTSS)(0.12g)，以在油中提供了0.6wt.％的添加剂。该添加剂以5ml水中的溶液输送。将该溶液添加到油中，并混合形成油包水的乳液。将该乳液加热到100℃，将水蒸发掉，形成含有分散的添加剂的添加油。该添加油和未处理的油进行高温润湿性试验。将一钢板加热到200℃，使用微型注射器将每种油取一滴放置在热钢板上。通过对液滴拍照来测量油在热钢板表面上的接触角。
未处理的油润湿了钢表面，接触角为30°，而观察到经处理的油呈现球状，这表明添加油具有较低的润湿倾向。添加油的接触角为130°。观察到的接触角越高表明添加油的润湿性能越低。
实施例4
添加剂的表面活性
将三种代表性的添加剂用来测试表面活性：2，6-萘磺酸二钠盐(2，6-NDSS)、1，3，6-萘三磺酸三钠盐(1，3，6-NTSS)和2-萘磺酸钠盐(2-NSS)。在水中制备每种添加剂的0.5wt.％溶液。使用威廉米悬片法(Wilhelmy plate method)测试每种添加剂在25℃的水-空气表面张力。
下表1中示出的结果表明这三种添加剂都具有意料不到的高表面活性。水的表面张力为72dynes/cm。表面张力比72降低的程度是对表面活性的一种测量。基于添加剂的结构，人们会预料到表面张力降低的最大值为10dyne/cm。但观察到表面张力的降低为30～50dyne/cm。基于添加剂的结构这是预料不到的。人们预期萘环上具有长脂肪族链是引入表面活性所必需的。观察到的现象与这种预期是相反的。对于高温表面活性性能，这种预料不到的高表面活性与高的热稳定性的结合是有利的。
表1：添加剂的表面活性
  溶液    表面张力(dynes/cm)
 水2-NSS2，6-NDSS1，3，6-NTSS   7243.123.221.2
实施例5
对经萘磺酸盐处理过的真空渣油进行了Micro Concarbon Residue(MCCR)试验。如下表2中所看到的，添加3000wppm的萘磺酸钠盐降低了micro Concarbon residue，说明了其抑制结垢的能力。
表2
  MCR(wt.％)
Heavy Canadian Vacuum Resid(HCVR)HCVR+3000wppm2，6-NDSSHCVR+3000wppm1，3，6-NTSS  22.8621.5720.77
实施例6
高压釜结垢试验
在通常的减粘裂化高压釜操作中，将120g Athasbasca沥青在氮气(350 PSI(2413.17kPa))中在1500RPM连续搅拌下迅速加热到750(398.89℃)。高压釜内悬浮304钢试样((0.5英寸×0.75英寸)(1.27cm×1.91cm))。在这些条件下使该沥青反应一段时间，该段时间相当于在875(468.33℃)的温度下进行的短减粘裂化(通常为120～180“当量秒”)。在达到所需的减粘裂化强度之后，迅速冷却该高压釜，以停止任何进一步的热转化。将试样取出，冷却，用甲苯冲洗，进行肉眼检查。观察到与不使用本发明添加剂的试样相比，在由0.6wt.％的1，3，6-NTSS处理过的试样上结垢显著降低。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于抑制重油热改质工艺中所用工艺设备表面结垢的方法，该方法包括：
a)使重油与有效量的水溶性抑制剂添加剂相接触，以提供添加抑制剂的重油，该水溶性抑制剂添加剂如下述化学式所示：
Ar-(SO3 -X+)n
其中Ar是包含至少2个环的同核芳基，n为1～5的整数，X选自碱金属和碱土金属，当使用碱金属时n为1～5的整数，当使用碱土金属时n为2～10的整数；和
b)在250℃～500℃的温度范围内对所述添加抑制剂的重油进行热处理0.1～10小时。
2.如权利要求1的方法，其中重油为真空渣油。
3.如权利要求1的方法，其中X为碱金属。
4.如前述任一权利要求的方法，其中碱金属为钠、钾及其混合物。
5.如前述任一权利要求的方法，其中Ar的环数目为2～3个。
6.如前述任一权利要求的方法，其中n为1。
7.如前述任一权利要求的方法，其中芳香族多磺酸盐是选自如下的一种或多种盐：萘-2-磺酸钠盐、萘-2，6-二磺酸钠盐、萘-1，5-二磺酸钠盐、萘-1，3，6-三磺酸钠盐、蒽醌-2-磺酸钠盐、蒽醌-1，5-二磺酸钠盐和芘-1，3，6，8-四磺酸钠盐。
8.如前述任一权利要求的方法，其中添加剂的有效量为基于重油重量的10～50,000wppm。
9.如前述任一权利要求的方法，其中添加剂的有效量为基于重油重量的20～3,000wppm。
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CN1954053B (zh) 2010-06-16
JP2007537347A (ja) 2007-12-20
WO2005113727A3 (en) 2006-05-18
WO2005113726A1 (en) 2005-12-01
WO2005113727A2 (en) 2005-12-01
US20060183950A1 (en) 2006-08-17
JP2007537346A (ja) 2007-12-20
AU2005245866A1 (en) 2005-12-01
EP1751256A1 (en) 2007-02-14
US7704376B2 (en) 2010-04-27
AU2005245865A1 (en) 2005-12-01
US7537686B2 (en) 2009-05-26
EP1753842A1 (en) 2007-02-21
CN101550096A (zh) 2009-10-07
CA2566122A1 (en) 2005-12-01
CA2566788A1 (en) 2005-12-01
CN1954052A (zh) 2007-04-25
US20060021907A1 (en) 2006-02-02
EP1751257A2 (en) 2007-02-14
CA2566788C (en) 2011-06-21
CA2566761C (en) 2011-06-07
US7732387B2 (en) 2010-06-08
CA2566761A1 (en) 2005-12-01
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US20050263438A1 (en) 2005-12-01
CN1954054A (zh) 2007-04-25
JP2007537345A (ja) 2007-12-20
US20050258071A1 (en) 2005-11-24
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US20050258070A1 (en) 2005-11-24
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