CN1957156A - 利用伸缩式射孔及压裂工具完井 - Google Patents

利用伸缩式射孔及压裂工具完井 Download PDF

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CN1957156A
CN1957156A CNA2005800155425A CN200580015542A CN1957156A CN 1957156 A CN1957156 A CN 1957156A CN A2005800155425 A CNA2005800155425 A CN A2005800155425A CN 200580015542 A CN200580015542 A CN 200580015542A CN 1957156 A CN1957156 A CN 1957156A
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telescopic element
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CN1957156B (zh
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B·M·理查德
R·Y·徐
M·E·威利
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/08—Screens or liners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/112—Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

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Abstract

一种用于利用单个工具在一次行程中进行衬管的射孔、地层的压裂和生产或注入流体全部操作的设备和方法。该工具具有多个向外伸缩的元件(12，14)以进行射孔和压裂。该工具还具有机械控制装置，用于有选择地控制通过伸缩元件进行的地层压裂以及注入或生产流体。

Description

利用伸缩式射孔及压裂工具完井
技术领域
本发明涉及在油井或天然气井中压裂地下地层以及从井中生产油气或将流体注入井中时使用的设备和方法的领域。
背景技术
在油井和天然气井的钻井和完井中，通常将衬管定位在井筒中，在所需深度对衬管射孔，在该深度压裂地层，并从井中提供油气的无砂生产或将流体注入井中。这些操作一般分若干步骤进行，需要利用工作管柱多次进出井筒。因为钻机使用时间很昂贵，所以能够利用单个工具在单次进入井筒的行程中完成所有这些操作将是有帮助的。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种在单次行程中进行井筒衬管的射孔、地层的压裂和生产或注入流体全部操作的工具和方法。该设备包括具有多个沿径向向外伸缩的管状元件以及机械装置的管状工具体部，该机械装置用于有选择地控制通过伸缩元件中的一个或多个对地层静液压压裂，并用于有选择地控制通过伸缩元件中的一个或多个进行流体的无砂注入或生产。该机械控制装置可以是一个或多个活动套筒或者一个或多个止回阀。
该设备的一个实施例在伸缩元件的一个或多个中具有内置防砂介质以允许注入或生产，并在伸缩元件的一个或多个中具有止回阀以允许单向流动，从而静液压压裂地层而不允许压裂之后砂的侵入。
该设备的另一个实施例具有套筒，该套筒在压裂位置与注入/生产位置之间移动，以使工具在这两种操作之间转换。该套筒可以纵向移动或旋转。
套筒可以是移动以有选择地打开和关闭不同伸缩元件的实体壁套筒(solid walled sleeve)，其中一些伸缩元件具有内置的防砂介质(它们在此情况下可以称为“防砂元件”)，而其它伸缩元件不具有内置的防砂介质(它们在此情况下可以称为“压裂元件”)。
或者，套筒自身可以是防砂介质例如滤网，该套筒移动以将伸缩元件有选择地在压裂模式和注入/生产模式之间转换。在此实施例中，没有一个伸缩元件具有内置的防砂介质。
或者，套筒可以具有移动以有选择地打开和关闭不同伸缩元件的端口，其中一些伸缩元件具有内置的防砂介质(它们在此情况下可以称为“防砂元件”)，而其它伸缩元件不具有内置的防砂介质(它们在此情况下可以称为“压裂元件”)。在此实施例中，套筒移动以有选择地将端口置于“防砂元件”或“压裂元件”之上。
或者，套筒可以具有多个端口，其中一些端口包含防砂介质(它们在此情况下可以称为“防砂端口”)，而一些端口不含防砂介质(它们在此情况下可以称为“压裂端口”)。在此实施例中，没有一个伸缩元件具有内置的防砂介质，并且套筒移动以有选择地将“防砂端口”或“压裂端口”置于伸缩元件之上。
从相似标号指示相似部件的附图以及以下说明，将最好地理解本发明的新特征以及本发明自身。
附图说明
附图中：
图1至3示出本发明的具有活动套筒、一些防砂元件以及一些压裂元件的一个实施例，所述压裂元件布置成在生产或注入区上方和下方施加压裂压力；
图4至6示出本发明的具有活动套筒、一些防砂元件以及一些压裂元件的一个实施例，所述压裂元件布置成仅仅在生产或注入区下方施加压裂压力；
图7至9示出本发明的没有活动套筒而具有一些防砂元件和一些压裂元件的一个实施例，所述压裂元件具有机械止回阀；
图10和11示出本发明的具有固体壁活动套筒、一些防砂元件和一些压裂元件的一个实施例；
图12和13示出本发明的具有含防砂介质的活动套筒的一个实施例，其中伸缩元件都没有防砂介质；
图14和15示出本发明的具有带端口的活动套筒、一些防砂元件和一些压裂元件的一个实施例；
图16和17示出本发明的具有带一些防砂端口和一些压裂端口的活动套筒的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，在一个实施例中，本发明的工具10具有多个伸缩元件12、14。所有这些伸缩元件12、14示出为在工具下入位置(run-inposition)沿径向缩入工具10的体部中。第一组元件12中没有防砂介质，而第二组元件14中具有防砂介质。防砂介质防止砂或其他颗粒物从地层侵入到工具体部中。图2示出了例如通过由流过工具10的流体施加液压而从工具10的体部沿径向向外延伸以接触地下地层的伸缩元件12、14。如本领域所公知的，如果元件12、14中任一组在施加此液压时未完全延伸，则可以通过使锥形塞(未示出)穿过工具10的体部来使这些元件机械地延伸。如本领域所公知的，在伸缩元件12、14延伸接触地层之后，将支撑剂携带液泵送通过工具10，以施加足够压力来压裂地层并保持地层裂纹开口以用于注入或生产流体。该支撑剂携带液将穿过压裂元件12，但其不会损害防砂元件14。如图3所示，在压裂之后，以滑动方式纵向移动活动套筒16，以覆盖压裂元件12而留下防砂元件14不覆盖。可以通过本领域公知的任何类型的移动工具(未示出)来移动套筒16。在此情况下可以看到，压裂元件12排列在两个压裂区18中，这两个压裂区18在排列有防砂元件14的所需生产/注入区的上方和下方。当上下压裂区18被压裂时，地层裂纹将在它们之间的整个注入/生产区中蔓延。
图4至6示出了与图1至3所示相似类型的工具10，除了压裂区18仅仅在注入/生产区20的下方。这种布置可以在不期望压裂紧邻注入/生产区20上方的含水层时使用。
图7至9示出了没有活动套筒的工具10的另一实施例。但是，该实施例具有不同类型的机械控制装置用于通过伸缩元件12、14控制压裂和生产/注入。就是说，在与前面一样每个防砂元件14含有内置防砂介质的同时，每个压裂元件12中包括止回阀22。于是，在此实施例中，一旦工具10处于所期望的深度，并且伸缩元件12、14已经延伸出去，则压裂液穿过压裂元件12中的止回阀进入地层。之后，可以通过防砂元件14从地层中生产油气流体，或者通过防砂元件14将流体注入地层中。
在图7至9中可以看到，压裂元件12交替布置在防砂元件14上方和下方，而非如图1至6中的两种不同类型布置中所示的那样分组布置在上方或下方。但是应该理解到，利用活动套筒式的工具或止回阀式的工具可以实现这三种布置中的任一种。
设备10的其他实施例也可以用于实现图1至9所示的伸缩元件12、14的三种布置中的任一种。首先，图10和11中示出了纵向滑动式的活动套筒16。在此实施例中，活动套筒16是与前面一样的实体壁套筒，但是其可以定位并适于如图10中那样在单行压裂元件12以及图3所示的多行范围前移动，或如图11中那样移动离开它们。可以看到压裂元件12具有用于支撑剂携带压裂液通过的开口中心孔。防砂元件14中可以具有任何类型的内置防砂介质，例如图中所示的金属珠和滤砂材料。当活动套筒16不覆盖压裂元件12时其是否覆盖防砂元件14对于工具10的功效并不重要。
第二种活动套筒16在图12和13中示出。该纵向滑动活动套筒16主要由如滤网之类的防砂介质构成。图12示出了定位在伸缩元件12之前用于注入或生产流体的套筒16。图13示出了定位成离开伸缩元件12用于将支撑剂携带液泵入地层中的套筒16。在此实施例中，伸缩元件都没有内置防砂介质。
第三种活动套筒16在图14和15中示出。该活动套筒16是具有多个端口24的纵向移动实体壁套筒。套筒16纵向移动以将端口24定位成在压裂元件12之前或离开压裂元件12。图14示出了套筒16的端口24，其定位成离开压裂元件12以通过防砂元件14注入或生产流体。图15示出了套筒16的端口24，其定位成在压裂元件12之前以将支撑剂携带液泵入地层中。在此实施例中，压裂元件12具有用于支撑剂携带压裂液通过的开口中心孔。防砂元件14中可以具有任何类型的内置防砂介质。同样，当活动套筒16不覆盖压裂元件12时其是否覆盖防砂元件14对于工具10的功效并不重要。
第四种活动套筒16在图16和17中示出。该活动套筒16是具有多个端口24、26的旋转移动实体壁套筒。多个第一端口26(防砂端口)中含有防砂介质，而多个第二端口24(压裂端口)中没有防砂介质。套筒16旋转移动以将压裂端口24或防砂端口26定位成在伸缩元件12之前。图16示出了套筒16的压裂端口24定位在元件12之前以将支撑剂携带液泵入地层中。图17示出了套筒16的防砂端口26定位在伸缩元件12之前，以通过元件12注入或生产流体。在此实施例中，所有的伸缩元件12都具有开口中心孔；伸缩元件都没有内置防砂介质。
应该理解到，如图16和17所示的旋转移动式套筒可以在具有压裂元件12和防砂元件14的情况下如图14和15那样仅具有开口的端口，而不偏离本发明。还应该理解到，如图14和15所示的纵向移动式套筒可以在仅具有开口伸缩元件12的情况下如图16和17那样具有开口端口和防砂端口，而不偏离本发明。
虽然本文详细示出和公开的具体发明完全能够实现前述目的和优点，但应该理解本公开仅仅是本发明目前优选实施例的说明，除了所附权利要求所述之外不希望进行任何限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于完井的方法，包括：
提供具有至少一个向外伸缩的管状元件和至少一个机械控制装置的完井组件，所述至少一个机械控制装置适于防止颗粒物通过所述至少一个伸缩元件侵入；
使所述完井组件行进到井中以将所述至少一个伸缩元件定位成与所选择的地层对准；
使所述至少一个伸缩元件向外可伸缩地延伸以接触所述地层；
通过所述至少一个伸缩元件静液压压裂所述地层；
利用所述至少一个机械控制装置防止颗粒物通过所述至少一个伸缩元件向内流动；以及
使流体通过所述至少一个伸缩元件流动。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括使注入流体通过所述至少一个伸缩元件向外流动。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括使地层流体通过所述至少一个伸缩元件向内流动。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个机械控制装置包括至少一个活动套筒，所述方法还包括：
定位所述至少一个活动套筒以打开通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的压裂通路；以及
在所述地层的所述压裂之后，定位所述至少一个活动套筒以防止颗粒物通过所述至少一个伸缩元件向内流动。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括设置多个所述向外伸缩的管状元件，所述方法还包括：
在至少一个第一所述伸缩元件中设置防砂元件，所述防砂元件适于在防止颗粒物侵入所述完井组件的同时允许所述流体流动；
设置不具有防砂元件的至少一个第二所述伸缩元件；
在通过所述第二伸缩元件实现所述地层的所述压裂之前，定位所述至少一个活动套筒以打开通过至少所述第二伸缩元件的压裂通路；以及
在所述地层的所述压裂之后，定位所述至少一个活动套筒以防止通过至少所述第二伸缩元件的流动。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个活动套筒包括至少一个防砂元件，所述至少一个防砂元件适于在防止颗粒物侵入的同时允许流体流动，所述方法还包括：
在所述地层的所述压裂之前，定位所述至少一个活动套筒以从通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的流体流动通路中除去所述至少一个防砂元件；以及
在所述地层的所述压裂之后，定位所述至少一个活动套筒以将所述至少一个防砂元件排列在通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述流体流动通路中。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个活动套筒设有至少一个不具有防砂元件的开口端口，所述方法还包括：
在所述地层的所述压裂之前，定位所述至少一个活动套筒以将所述至少一个开口端口排列在通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述流体流动通路中；以及
在所述地层的所述压裂之后，定位所述至少一个活动套筒以从通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述流体流动通路中除去所述至少一个开口端口。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个活动套筒包括设有至少一个防砂端口的实体壁套筒，所述至少一个防砂端口中具有所述至少一个防砂元件，所述方法还包括：
在所述地层的所述压裂之前，定位所述至少一个活动套筒以从通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述流体流动通路中除去所述至少一个防砂端口；以及
在所述地层的所述压裂之后，定位所述至少一个活动套筒以将所述至少一个防砂端口排列在通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述流体流动通路中。
9.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括使所述套筒相对于所述完井组件纵向滑动以实现所述定位。
10.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括使所述套筒相对于所述完井组件旋转以实现所述定位。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括设置多个所述向外伸缩的管状元件，所述方法还包括：
在至少一个第一所述伸缩元件中设置防砂元件，所述防砂元件适于在防止颗粒物侵入所述完井组件的同时允许所述流体流动；
设置不具有防砂元件的至少一个第二所述伸缩元件；
其中所述至少一个机械控制装置包括设置在所述第二伸缩元件中的止回阀，所述止回阀定向成允许通过所述第二伸缩元件向外流动并防止通过所述第二伸缩元件向内流动；
通过所述第二伸缩元件以静液压压裂所述地层；以及
使所述流体通过至少所述第一伸缩元件流动。
12.一种用于完井的设备，包括：
适于降低进入井筒的中空管状体部；
位于所述体部上的至少一个向外伸缩的管状元件；
适于防止颗粒物通过所述至少一个伸缩元件侵入所述体部的至少一个机械控制装置；以及
静液压源，所述静液压源适于经由所述体部提供压裂流体以通过所述至少一个伸缩元件有选择地压裂地层。
13.如权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于：
所述至少一个机械控制装置包括至少一个活动套筒；
所述至少一个活动套筒具有第一位置，该第一位置适于打开通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的压裂通路；以及
所述至少一个活动套筒具有第二位置，该第二位置适于防止颗粒物通过所述至少一个伸缩元件向内流动。
14.如权利要求13所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
位于所述体部上的多个所述向外伸缩的管状元件；以及
位于至少一个第一所述伸缩元件中的防砂元件，所述防砂元件适于在防止颗粒物侵入所述体部的同时允许流体流动；
其中至少一个第二所述伸缩元件不具有防砂元件；
其中所述至少一个活动套筒的所述第一位置适于打开通过至少所述第二伸缩元件的所述压裂通路；以及
其中所述至少一个活动套筒的所述第二位置适于防止通过至少所述第二伸缩元件的流动。
15.如权利要求13所述的设备，其特征在于：
所述至少一个活动套筒包括至少一个防砂元件，所述至少一个防砂元件适于在防止颗粒物侵入所述体部的同时允许流体流动；
所述至少一个活动套筒的所述第一位置适于从通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述压裂通路中除去所述至少一个防砂元件；以及
所述至少一个活动套筒的所述第二位置适于将所述至少一个防砂元件排列在通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的流体流动通路中。
16.如权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
位于所述至少一个活动套筒中的至少一个开口端口，所述至少一个开口端口中不具有防砂元件；
其中所述至少一个活动套筒的所述第一位置适于将所述至少一个开口端口排列在通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述压裂通路中；以及
其中所述至少一个活动套筒的所述第二位置适于从通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述压裂通路中除去所述至少一个开口端口。
17.如权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于，所述至少一个活动套筒包括实体壁套筒，所述设备还包括：
位于所述活动套筒中的至少一个防砂端口，所述至少一个防砂端口中具有所述至少一个防砂元件；
其中所述至少一个活动套筒的所述第一位置适于从通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述压裂通路中除去所述至少一个防砂端口；以及
其中所述至少一个活动套筒的所述第二位置适于将所述至少一个防砂端口排列在通过所述至少一个伸缩元件的所述流体流动通路中。
18.如权利要求13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述活动套筒还适于在所述第一位置和第二位置之间相对于所述体部纵向滑动。
19.如权利要求13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述活动套筒还适于在所述第一位置和第二位置之间相对于所述体部旋转。
20.如权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
位于所述体部上的多个所述向外伸缩的管状元件；以及
位于至少一个第一所述伸缩元件中的防砂元件，所述防砂元件适于在防止颗粒物侵入所述体部的同时允许流体流动；
其中至少一个第二所述伸缩元件不具有防砂元件；以及
其中所述至少一个机械控制装置包括位于所述第二伸缩元件中的止回阀，所述止回阀定向成允许通过所述第二伸缩元件向外流动以压裂地层，并定向成防止通过所述第二伸缩元件向内流动。
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CN102947538B (zh) * 2010-06-16 2015-12-16 贝克休斯公司 减少曲折度的压裂方法

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GB2455001A (en) 2009-05-27
US20090321076A1 (en) 2009-12-31
WO2005100743A1 (en) 2005-10-27
GB2429478A (en) 2007-02-28
US7604055B2 (en) 2009-10-20
GB2429478B (en) 2009-04-29
CA2593418A1 (en) 2005-10-27
NO342388B1 (no) 2018-05-14
GB2455222A (en) 2009-06-03
US7938188B2 (en) 2011-05-10
GB0620732D0 (en) 2006-12-06
GB0903216D0 (en) 2009-04-08
US20080035349A1 (en) 2008-02-14
GB2455001B (en) 2009-07-08
AU2005233602B2 (en) 2010-02-18
GB2455222B (en) 2009-07-15
AU2005233602A1 (en) 2005-10-27
GB0903215D0 (en) 2009-04-08
CN1957156B (zh) 2010-08-11
CA2593418C (en) 2013-06-18

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