CN2092164U

CN2092164U - Universal voltage regulator of automotive a.c generators

Info

Publication number: CN2092164U
Application number: CN 91212319
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭金祥
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1991-03-06
Filing date: 1991-03-06
Publication date: 1992-01-01

Abstract

The utility model provides a universal voltage regulator for automotive AC generators, which improves structure on the base of transistor type regulators. Diodes for extracting over-current and over-heat information and triode for amplifying the over-current and over-heat information are added in circuits. Utilizing the different polarity outputs of transistors adapts the bonding requirements inside and outside of a magnetic field; utilizing the value changes of current limiting resistors connected in series by voltage stabilizing diodes adapts the requirement of generators with different voltage values. And the purpose that various generators are all-purpose is achieved. The over-current, over-heat and over-voltage protection function is also added; the service life is enhanced.

Description

Universal voltage regulator of automotive a.c generators

The utility model relates to a kind of car electrics, particularly a kind of general automobile alternator voltage regulator.

The alternator voltage regulator that adopts on the existing automobile has three types of Electromagnetically vibrating, transistor type and ic-types usually.Electromagnetically vibrating accounts for the market sales volume more than 60%, is a large amount of employing the on the present automobile, and its shortcoming is that volume is big, and power is big, degree of regulation is poor, fragile, installation has directivity, needs time-based maintenance and adjustment; Though transistor type has overcome above-mentioned defective, cost is higher, and overload, overvoltage, short-circuit protection ability in case the short circuit meeting damages immediately, and are difficult to repair.This usually adopts present remanufactured-vehicle business and scrapes fire (short circuit) method and check that the magnetic field winding is whether excitatory and never allow to judge whether generator generates electricity; The integrated circuit co-volume is small and exquisite, heat-resisting, be fit to be contained on the generator frame or in the body, but the shortcoming of transistor type is arranged equally, and price exceeds several times even tens times of transistor type, is difficult to promote.In addition, it is exactly that a kind of adjuster can only be supporting for the generator of a certain model that above-mentioned three types adjuster also has a common deadly defect, can not exchange substantially.And the Hyundai Motor power-supply system has the different modes of connection to generator and indicating instrument, and the difference of 24V and 12V series power supply is arranged, and popular vehicle charging system reaches 16 kinds more than.If consider generator power, volume size again, the installation site is even the charging system of same type also is difficult to exchange.This often becomes the problem of driver and mechanic's headache.

The purpose of this utility model will provide a kind of exactly and can keep that transistor type adjuster volume is little, low in energy consumption, the life-span is long, degree of regulation is high, the advantage of service free.Have electromagnetic vibrating type regulator Short Circuit withstand, advantage that overvoltage capabilities is strong again, and no matter which type of charging system and which type of automobile current generator can both be general, and cost is low, precision is high, efficient is high, volume is little easy for installation, the general automobile alternator voltage regulator that need not to maintain.

Realize above-mentioned purpose, must solve three problems: the one, how to adapt to the different bonding forms of generator; The 2nd, how to adapt to the generator of different magnitudes of voltage; The 3rd, how to prevent to transship, overvoltage, overheated, injury that short circuit causes adjuster.

For achieving the above object, the utility model has adopted following solution:

The one, external earth conversion control circuit in the winding of magnetic field adopts a pipe dual-purpose, makes power switch transistor both do emitter output, does collector electrode output again, to adapt to the different needs of the inside and outside bonding in magnetic field.A pipe is dual-purpose has although it is so brought bias current to change the incompatible different contradiction of exporting.But as switching tube, its saturation voltage drop Vbc is a constant.Therefore, extract the base stage bias current from "+" utmost point and make into to extract bias current, not only solved above-mentioned contradiction, and bias current also become the part of exciting curent, improved excitatory efficient from collector electrode with traditional.Though this scheme has more a magnetic field line, has reduced change over switch, cost descends.

The 2nd, adopt tandem reference voltage information extracting method to adapt to the generator of different magnitudes of voltage, promptly utilize voltage stabilizing didoe and seal in having or not of current-limiting resistance, adapt to the generator of different load voltage values by weak point, the conversion of opening circuit.For the supporting direct application of 14V series generator, for the 28V series matching only need be cut off short-circuit line.

The 3rd, series limiting resistor is transformed into overcurrent sample resistance; utilize the be knot saturation voltage drop of triode and ohmically pressure drop to add together, utilize diode protection in the circuit to reach the purpose of overload, overvoltage, overheated, short-circuit protection as the overcurrent information signal.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is further described:

Accompanying drawing 1 is the utility model electrical schematic diagram.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the utility model internal earth winding diagram.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the utility model external earth winding diagram.

With reference to accompanying drawing 1, D ₁Be 2A/200V negative pole external earth magnetizing coil fly-wheel diode, D ₂Be 2A/200V negative pole internal earth magnetizing coil fly-wheel diode, D ₃Be 2AP type short-circuit protection, overtemperature protection message sample diode, D ₄Be the external overvoltage protection diode of 1N4001, Dw detects diode, BG for rated voltage message sample ₁Be the high power switch transistor, a pipe is dual-purpose, has both done emitter output, does collector electrode output again, BG ₂Be BG ₁Triode, BG are supplied with in the base stage bias current ₃Be short circuit, overtemperature protection control triode, BG ₄For reference voltage information is amplified the control triode; R ₁Be 1.2 Ω overcurrent protection sample resistances, R ₂Be 1K Ω BG ₂Biasing resistance, R ₃Be 510 Ω BG ₃Following biasing resistance, R ₄Be 510 Ω BG ₄Following biasing resistance, R ₅Be 12V series Dw current-limiting resistance, R ₅+ R ₆Be the Dw of 24V system current-limiting resistance; C ₁Be 1-4.7 μ/16VBG ₄The base stage filtering capacitor, R ₅, R ₆Resistance value can select to determine according to the voltage stabilizing value of Dw.

With reference to accompanying drawing 1,2, when F connect "+" utmost point, adjuster was applicable to the internal earth series generator."+" connects power supply, F ₂Connect field winding.Closes ignition switch K, adjuster energising, BG ₂Conducting, BG ₁Conducting, magnetizing coil have electric current to flow through, and produce magnetic field, and generator rotates and charges to storage battery Ec.Vbe ₂=0.7V is through R ₃, D ₃Vbe after the dividing potential drop ₃≤ 0.7V, BG ₃End.Ec is obstructed less than rated value Dw, BG ₄No base stage bias current, BG ₄End; BG ₃, BG ₄Inoperative.When Ec full charge or generator speed boosted voltage overrate, Dw conducting (Zener or avalanche breakdown), when the conducting electric current at R ₄On voltage drop surpass Vbe ₄(about 0.6V), BG ₄Conducting, BG ₂By cutting off BG ₁Bias current, BG ₁Become by saturation conduction and to end, cut off field supply, generator output voltage descends.D ₂Effect be that back-emf for field coil induction provides current path, field supply is smoothly descended, improve exciting circuit efficient, prevent that back-emf from jeopardizing switching tube.When the short circuit of magnetic field, switching tube Vce=Ec flows through BG ₂Emitter current increase severely, work as I ₂When surpassing 0.16A, R ₁On pressure drop 〉=0.2V, VBG then ₃〉=0.2+Vbe ₂〉=0.9V, R ₃, D ₃Vbe after the dividing potential drop ₃〉=0.7VBG ₃BG is cut off in conducting ₂The base stage bias current, BG ₂End BG ₁End, cutting-off of short-circuit electric current makes BG ₁Avoid its evil.When temperature is higher than 100 ℃, diode D ₃Electric leakage increases, BG ₃BG is cut off in conducting ₂Bias current causes BG equally ₁End protection BG ₁Junction temperature is lower than 150 ℃ and avoids heat waste.After Dw punctures,, will cause Dw to damage, so seal in resistance R as not limiting electric current ₅Limit its electric current about 1mA, simultaneously, R ₅On voltage drop also as the rated voltage sample intelligence.

Work as R ₆After short-circuit line (1) was cut off, the current-limiting resistance value was R ₅+ R ₆, its pressure drop is that 14V reference voltage information is 28V, is applicable to that 24V series generator regulation voltage remains on load voltage value.If keep R ₆Short-circuit line, then R ₆Short circuit, current-limiting resistance are R ₅, be applicable to the 12V series generator.Diode D ₄Be external in both ends of power as over-voltage protector; When supply voltage is instantaneous when surpassing 100V, this pipe conducting absorb about 10 pacify about unrestrained Chung electric current.But, will cause permanent puncture if continue high pressure.So be connected on outside the circuit, can change voluntarily in case damage, fuse is convenient and reliable as using.

With reference to accompanying drawing 3, work as F ₂During ground connection, "+" connects power supply, F ₁Connect the magnetic field winding, adjuster is applicable to negative pole external earth series generator.Its operation principle, the course of work are identical with internal earth.When cutting off R from " * " ₆During short-circuit line, be applicable to 24V series.Otherwise be applicable to 12V series.

The utility model volume is small and exquisite, the degree of regulation height, and the life-span prolongs, and has overcurrent, overheated, over-voltage protecting function, for supporting of different bonding generators need wiring of change; For supporting need of different magnitude of voltage power generation values are cut off a wiring (short-circuit line).Be applicable to popular both at home and abroad various automobile current generator system.

Claims

1, a kind of general automobile alternator voltage regulator of being made up of electric capacity, resistance, diode, triode and annex is characterized in that power switch transistor BG ₁Both, connected internal earth magnetic field winding as emitter output; As collector electrode output, connect external earth magnetic field winding again.

2, general automobile alternator voltage regulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that current-limiting resistance R ₆Be connected R ₅And conversion regulation voltage between the ground.

3, general automobile alternator voltage regulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that overcurrent protection transistor BG ₃Be knot be connected resistance R ₁And BG ₂Between base stage, the emitter.

4, general automobile alternator voltage regulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that the overtemperature protection diode is serially connected in overcurrent protection transistor BG ₃On the base loop.

5, general automobile alternator voltage regulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that overvoltage protection diode 1N4001 is connected+E _CAnd between the ground wire.

6, general automobile alternator voltage regulator according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that being used for the internal earth generator, F ₁Connect "+" utmost point, F ₂Connect the magnetic field winding, "+" connects power supply, when being used for the external earth generator, F ₁Meet magnetic field winding, F ₂Ground connection, "+" connect power supply.