CN88102649A - 含烃燃料的部分氧化方法 - Google Patents

含烃燃料的部分氧化方法 Download PDF

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CN88102649A
CN88102649A CN88102649.2A CN88102649A CN88102649A CN 88102649 A CN88102649 A CN 88102649A CN 88102649 A CN88102649 A CN 88102649A CN 88102649 A CN88102649 A CN 88102649A
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gas
oxygen
hydrocarbon containing
concentric
channels
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CN1012057B (zh
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弗菜斯克斯·约翰·阿诺得·马丁斯
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C01B3/363Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents characterised by the burner used

Abstract

采用由中心通道和三个环绕中心通道的同心通道构成的燃烧器,部分氧化含烃燃料的方法。经第一和第三环形同心通道供给燃料,经中心通道和第二环形同心通道供给氧化剂。供料以特定的质量流动分布和速度进行。

Description

本发明涉及采用多孔燃烧器部分氧化含烃燃料的方法。
具体地讲,本发明涉及部分氧化含烃燃料的方法,在所述方法中,含氧气体和含烃燃料通过由同心安置的2个氧气通道和2个燃料通道构成的多孔燃烧器供给,进入气化段,在适当的条件下自热生产含有合成气的气流。
所述含氧气体通常是空气或纯氧或其混合物。为了控制气化段的温度,可向气化段供给调节气。
更具体地讲,本发明涉及如上所述的方法,在该方法中,气体适用作燃料,例如天然气,炼厂气,甲烷等诸如此类。
在气化工艺过程中,有必要确保燃料和含氧气体良好的和快速的接触或混合,以得到优越的气化方法。
此外,在不影响工艺性能下用火焰升举(flame-lift)降低对流和幅射热通量,可以延长该工艺过程中设备的使用寿命。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种部分氧化含烃燃料的方法,在该方法中实现了在同心装置外面反应物的迅速和均匀混合。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种部分氧化含烃燃料的方法,在该方法中氧和燃料的混合能量是由调整燃料流提供的。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种部分氧化含烃燃料的方法,在该方法中经降低有效燃烧器速度和燃烧器表面下游的混合距离,保持了有效的反应器停留时间,因而使得压力损失降至最小,且使较短的反应器长度成为可能。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种部分氧化含烃燃料的方法,在该方法中防止了在来自反应器的较热的合成气与来自第三个同心通道的反应物混合的区域发生高度放热的反应。
因此,本发明提供了一种部分氧化含烃燃料的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:通过由同心安置的2个氧化通道和2个燃料通道构成的多孔燃烧器向气化段供给含氧气体和含烃燃料,和在适当条件下自热生产含有合成气的气流;还包括经同心装置的中心通道以较低的速度(5-45米/秒)供给含氧气体,经环绕于中心通道的第一同心通道以较高的速度(50-150米/秒)供给含烃燃料,经环绕于第一通道的第二同心通道以较低的速度(5-45米/秒)供给含氧气体,以及经环绕于第二通道的第三同心通道以较低的速度(5-45米/秒)供给含烃燃料和/或调节气。
在本发明有利的实施方案中,30~45%(重量)的含氧气体是经所述中心通道供给的,10~20%(重量)的燃料是经第三同心通道供给的。
在本发明另一有利的实施方案中,上述各速度是在各自的通道进入气化段的出口处测得。速度的测量可以用任何适用于此目的方式进行,此处不加详述。
在本发明又一有利的实施方案中,含氧气体和/或燃料含有做为调节气的蒸汽或二氧化碳。在本发明又一有利的实施方案中,气化过程在压力为0.1~12MPa下进行。
在本发明又一有利的实施方案中,含烃燃料是一种气体,例如甲烷、天然气或炼厂气。
燃料和含氧气体经同心安置的2个氧气通道和2个燃料通道送入。用于供应氧气(最好混有调节气)的中心通道周围环绕着用于供应燃料的第一环形通道。所述第一环形通道周围环绕着用于供应氧气(最好混有调节气)的第二环形通道。所述第二环形通道周围环绕着用于供应燃料和/或调节气的第三环形通道。
由同心安排的环形通道构成的向气化段供应氧气和燃料的多孔燃烧器如上所述,其机械结构此处不需详述。
根据本发明,通过各自的通道以特定的低速度和特定的质量分布向气化段供应氧气和燃料,以获得低压力降、反应物快速且均匀的混合、有效长的反应器停留时间和火焰升举(flame    lift)。
下面将参照实例对本发明加以详述。
在下述条件下进行了试验:
a)燃料    实例1    实例2
质量流速(公斤/秒)    3.172    4.446
密度(公斤/米3) 14.0 16.3
温度(K)    673    672
组成(体积%)
CO    7.374    0.336
CO215.57 3.798
CH468.57 84.05
其它烃类    1.702    7.832
H26.474 3.286
N20.310 0.698
b)氧化剂    实例1    实例2
氧质量流速(公斤/秒)    2.703    4.954
蒸汽质量流速(公斤/秒)    0.3808    0.2207
密度(公斤/米3) 25.7 34.2
温度(K)    519    534
组成(体积%)
H2O 20.03 7.334
N20.12 0.4633
O279.85 92.203
c)产物
CO+H2
〔标准立方米(干)/天〕 600.1031275.103
d)燃烧器表面
几何形状    实例1    实例2
中心管直径(mm)    55.28    64.00
第一通道槽宽(mm)    13.88    11.50
第二通道槽宽(mm)    12.03    13.72
第三通道槽宽(mm)    6.34    7.14
燃烧器表面下游
反应物宏观混
合的混合距离(m)    0.150    0.11
e)质量流速和速度的分布
重量比(%)
中心通道(氧化剂)    40    40
第一环道(燃料)    80    80
第二环道(氧化剂)    60    60
第三环道(燃料)    20    20
燃烧器表面的速度
中心管的氧化剂(米/秒)    20    20
第一环道的燃料(米/秒)    60    80
第二环道的氧化剂(米/秒)    20    20
第三环道的燃料(米/秒)    20    20
f)反应器
压力(MPa)    3.8    4.9
温度(K)    1675    1600
g)典型粗合成气组成〔体积(干)%〕
CO    40.4    35.6
CO25.2 2.0
H254.3 61.0
CH40.1 1.4
根据以上说明,很明显,专业领域内的技术人员可对本发明作出各种变更,这种变更落入本发明权利要求范围内。

Claims (12)

1、一种部分氧化含烃燃料的方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:通过由同心安置的2个氧气通道和2个燃料通道构成的多孔燃烧器向气化段供给含氧气体和含烃燃料,并在适当的条件下自热生产含有合成气的气流;还包括经同心装置的中心通道以5~45米/秒的较低速度供给含氧气体,经环绕于中心通道的第一同心通道以50~150米/秒的较高速度供给含烃燃料,经经绕于第一通道的第二同心通道以5~45米/秒的较低速度供给含氧气体和经环绕于第二通道的第三同心通道以5~45米/秒的较低速度供给含烃燃料和/或调节气。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所述的速度在各自的通道进入气化段的出口处测得。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于所述的含烃燃料是气体。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于所述的气体是天然气或炼厂气。
5、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于所述的气体是甲烷。
6、根据权利要求1~5的任一方法,其特征在于含氧气体和/或燃料与调节气混合。
7、根据权利要求6的方法,其特征在于所述的调节气是蒸汽或二氧化碳。
8、根据权利要求1~7的任一方法,其特征在于所述的方法中的操作压力为0.1~12MPa。
9、根据权利要求1~8的任一方法,其特征在于30~45%(重量)的含氧气体经所述中心通道供给。
10、根据权利要求1~9的任一方法,其特征在于10~20%(重量)的燃料经所述第三同心通道供给。
11、根据权利要求1~10的任一方法,基本上如参照实例所述。
12、用前述任一权利要求的方法生产的合成气。
CN88102649A 1987-05-12 1988-05-10 含烃燃料的部分氧化方法 Expired CN1012057B (zh)

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GB878711156A GB8711156D0 (en) 1987-05-12 1987-05-12 Partial oxidation of hydrocarbon-containing fuel
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PT87444B (pt) 1992-08-31
SU1766282A3 (ru) 1992-09-30
BR8802264A (pt) 1988-12-06
ZA883292B (en) 1988-11-14
ES2030153T3 (es) 1992-10-16
AU601276B2 (en) 1990-09-06
KR880014080A (ko) 1988-12-22
NO174955C (no) 1994-08-17
CA1301458C (en) 1992-05-26
EP0291111B1 (en) 1992-03-18
MY104308A (en) 1994-03-31
JPS63297201A (ja) 1988-12-05
AU1589188A (en) 1988-11-17
NZ224564A (en) 1989-09-27
NO174955B (no) 1994-05-02
PT87444A (pt) 1989-05-31
EP0291111A1 (en) 1988-11-17
US4836831A (en) 1989-06-06
EG18918A (en) 1994-03-30
KR970002887B1 (ko) 1997-03-12
DD274043A5 (de) 1989-12-06
CN1012057B (zh) 1991-03-20
GB8711156D0 (en) 1987-06-17
NO882035L (no) 1988-11-14
CZ282208B6 (cs) 1997-06-11
CZ315188A3 (en) 1997-03-12
DE3869193D1 (de) 1992-04-23
NO882035D0 (no) 1988-05-10
JP2855193B2 (ja) 1999-02-10

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