DE10036984A1 - Modulare Revisionsprothese - Google Patents

Modulare Revisionsprothese

Info

Publication number
DE10036984A1
DE10036984A1 DE10036984A DE10036984A DE10036984A1 DE 10036984 A1 DE10036984 A1 DE 10036984A1 DE 10036984 A DE10036984 A DE 10036984A DE 10036984 A DE10036984 A DE 10036984A DE 10036984 A1 DE10036984 A1 DE 10036984A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
component according
femoral component
axis
femoral
cone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE10036984A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Draenert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE10036984A priority Critical patent/DE10036984A1/de
Priority to DE50113053T priority patent/DE50113053D1/de
Priority to AT01118347T priority patent/ATE373998T1/de
Priority to ES01118347T priority patent/ES2293950T3/es
Priority to EP01118347A priority patent/EP1175877B1/de
Priority to US09/919,179 priority patent/US6770100B2/en
Publication of DE10036984A1 publication Critical patent/DE10036984A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/82Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin for bone cerclage
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/842Flexible wires, bands or straps
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/30721Accessories
    • A61F2/30739Devices connected to the proximal part of an endoprosthetic femoral shaft for reinforcing or replacing the trochanters, e.g. the greater trochanter
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/4601Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for introducing bone substitute, for implanting bone graft implants or for compacting them in the bone cavity
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28Bones
    • A61F2002/2835Bone graft implants for filling a bony defect or an endoprosthesis cavity, e.g. by synthetic material or biological material
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30108Shapes
    • A61F2002/3011Cross-sections or two-dimensional shapes
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
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    • A61F2002/3011Cross-sections or two-dimensional shapes
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
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    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
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Abstract

Bei dieser Erfindung handelt es sich um eine Schaftprothese mit einem modularen System, das in den proximalen Zementköcher verankert ist über eine konusaxiale Zuggurtung. Die Stielsegmente und Basissegmente können verschieden lang sein.

Description

Hintergrund der Erfindung
Die Wiederherstellung der Funktion von einem gelockerten, künstlichen Hüftgelenk setzt voraus, daß große und kleinere Probleme gemeistert werden. Die großen Probleme sind die Verankerungsprobleme einer stabilen Fixation bei den oft großen Defekten, die im knöchernen Lager zurückbleiben, nachdem die Gelenkkomponenten entfernt worden sind. Kleinere Probleme sind die Auffüllung der Defekte mit Bankknochen; dies gelingt mit "morcellized bone"-Plastiken entsprechender Größe (Lamerigts NMP, 1998 Proefschrift an der katholischen Universität Niymegen). Ist das knöcherne Lager wieder durch Bankknochen verstärkt worden, so kann eine entsprechende Gelenkersatzkomponente einzementiert werden.
Die Voraussetzungen für ein solches Vorgehen sind dabei genügend stabile Knochenstrukturen, die eine stabile Gesamtverankerung gewährleisten. Sehr oft sind diese Strukturen jedoch nicht mehr vorhanden, was ganz besondere Anforderungen an das Implantat stellt. Es besteht daher ein echter Bedarf an Systemen, die den jeweiligen Verhältnissen angepaßt werden können und verschiedene biomechanische Fixationsprinzipien berücksichtigen. Auf dem Boden dieser Erkenntnisse konnte überraschend einfach ein neuer Zugang zum Problem der Revisionsoperationen gefunden werden.
Stand der Forschung
Die Defekte im knöchernen Femurbett nach der Entfernung einer gelockerten Prothese können unterschiedliche Ausmaße erreichen, was zu Klassifikationen der Knochendefekte geführt hat, beispielsweise in der DGOT (Bettin, D., Katthagen, B. D. (1997) Die DGOT- Klassifikation von Knochendefekten bei Hüft-Totalendoprothesen-Revisionsoperationen Z. Orthop. 135). Teilweise sind die Knochenzerstörungen erheblich. Die Behandlung der gelockerten Komponenten besteht in der vollständigen Entfernung der Komponenten und gegebenenfalls des Knochenzementes und allen das Implantat umgebenden Bindegewebes. Erst dann kann das Ausmaß des Knochenverlustes realistisch beurteilt werden. Die Verankerung einer neuen Komponente ist oft nur dadurch möglich, daß alle Defekte überbrückt werden und tief in der noch gesunden Femurdiaphyse verankert werden, und zwar sehr oft zementfrei.
Eine andere Methode ist der Wiederaufbau des Knochens mit zerkleinertem Bankknochen und das erneute Einzementieren einer solchen Komponente, übersichtlich beschrieben in Lamerigts, N. M. (1998) The Incorporative Process of Morcellized Bone Graft. Proefschrift University Nijmegen (Katholische Universität). In beiden Fällen ist die Verankerung proximal meist nicht stabil, sind die Implantate meist sehr lang und schwer und die Ergebnisse deutlich schlechter wie die von Primäroperationen.
Untersuchungen und einfache Versuche am Leichenknochen zeigten überraschend sehr effiziente Möglichkeiten, um Femurkomponenten auch mit kürzeren Schäften sehr stabil in defekten Knochenköcher zu verankern und zu fixieren.
Beschreibung der Erfindung
Das modulare Zuggurtungssystem ermöglicht die Anpassung an verschiedene Defektzustände bei der Revision einer gelockerten Femurkomponente. Die Erfindung berücksichtigt dabei verschiedene zu überbrückende Defekte in Bezug auf die Stiel- oder Schaftlänge und verschiedene zusätzliche Verankerungsmöglichkeiten im proximalen Femurköcher. Das Modulare System besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Achse (100), die einem Zylinder um die Markkanalachse entspricht. Um diesen Zylinder sind verschiedene Segmente aufzureihen: Das Basissegment (100.1) kann verschieden lang sein und besteht immer aus der Spitze (102) und dem Achsenzylinder (103). Über dem Achsenzylinder können ein, selten zwei oder mehr (100.2, 100.3) Stielsegmente aufgefächert werden, denen abschließend immer ein Basissegment folgt (100.1). Die Aufnahmefläche (105) am Basissegment ist konkav, das korrespondierende Ende vom Mittelsegment ist konvex gestaltet oder umgekehrt, beide artikulierenden Enden können auch konisch ineinandergreifen, besonders bewährt hat sich eine geschwungene, ineinandergreifende Oberflächengestaltung, die eine Verdrehung sichern und Zugkräfte auf der lateralen und Druckkräfte auf der medialen Seite berücksichtigt.
Der Achsenzylinder (103) und die korrespondierende Bohrung sind glatt oder mit einem Führungsrille und Noppen strukturiert, im Sinne einer Verdrehsicherung. Je nach Defektüberbrückung wird die Länge der Prothese bestimmt und über dem zentralen Achsenzylinder (103) ein Mittelsegment (100.2) über die Bohrung (106) aufgesetzt. Der Querschnitt (108) des Stieles besteht aus dem lateralen Zylinder, welcher auch hohl sein kann (109 und 112), dem Verbindungssegment (111) und der medialen Portion (110) und bildet die konvex-konkav (104)-konvexe Kontur der Dorsalseite. Die mediale Portion ist über weite Bereiche vom Kanal des Zugankers (Schubstange) durchzogen (113).
Das metaphysäre Segment zeigt im U-Shape der Kraftübertragung, medial, ventral und dorsal eine parabelförmig gekrümmte Mantelfläche. Die Schulter (200) der Prothese weist weitere Bohrungen auf für Zuggurtungen (60) und Seilzüge (71). Im Konus der Prothese (300) wird der Schubanker (50) aufgenommen, der axial durch den Konus im Sinne einer Zugschraube oder, wie abgebildet, mit Unterlegscheibe (54) und Schraubenkopf (51), sowie einer verdrehgesicherten Mutter (55). Auch die übrigen Zuganker können als einfache Zugschrauben ausgeführt werden (z. B. 60), wobei der Schraubenkopf dann in der Schulter (200) untergebracht wäre und das Zugschraubengewinde distal im Knochen.
Durch die Kombination von Zuganker, Zugschrauben und Seilzügen können die Prothesenstiele selbst in Knochenköchern mit großen Defekten stabil fixiert werden.
Beispiel
Nach eindeutiger Diagnosestellung einer Hüftprothesenlockerung wird das Gelenk über den alten Zugang freigelegt; das Narbengewebe wird sorgfältig entfernt, das Gelenk luxiert und der gelockerte Schaft entfernt. Meist läßt er sich einfach herausziehen, selten ist ein Ausschlaginstrument notwendig. Der Knochenzement und das Bindegewebe werden daraufhin sorgfältig herauspräpariert, wobei ein Ultraschalltitanmeissel dabei sehr hilfreich sein kann.
Der Knochenköcher, der von Bindegewebe befreit worden ist, wird kräftig mit der Jet-Lavage gespült und anschließend knöchern wiederaufgebaut; hierzu benützt man Bankknochen, der in einer Mühle zerkleinert wurde, dieser sogenannte morcellized bone wird 50 : 50 mit einer schalenförmigen Knochenkeramik als Granulat, z. B. Synthacer®, vermischt und mit Hilfe ei­ nes Probeschaftes in der Markhöhle wandständig komprimiert. Danach werden Drainageröhrchen über die fossa intertrochanterica eingeführt und an diese ein Vakuum angelegt. Im Anschluß daran wird die Markhöhle vorsichtig mit H2O2 gewaschen und mit Knochenzement aufgefüllt, wofür ein Schnorchelapplikationssystem verwendet wird. In das mit Knochenzement und Knochen aufgefüllte Bett wird die montierte Prothese axial eingeführt. Nach Aushärten des Zementes wird die Prothese konusaxial und wenn notwendig durch weitere vorgegebene Bohrungen gebohrt und mit Zugankern oder Zugschrauben im Knochen des proximalen Köchers stabil verankert. Die Schrauben lassen sich auch vorteilhaft durch den noch weichen Zement eindrehen, wenn die Bohrungen im Knochen vorgebohrt wurden. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß der Knochenzement auf das Schraubengewinde aufschrumpft.
Bei noch stabilen Knochenverhältnissen kann das Prothesensystem auch ohne Knochenzement stabil im Femurköcher verankert werden.
Modulare Revisionsprothese Abb. 01 Modularsystem NPS in ein Femur projiziert
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100
Stielsegmente
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100.1
Metaphysäres Segment
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100.2
Diaphysäres Mittelsegment
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100.3
Basissegment
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101
Offset = Markkanalachse-Rotationszentrum
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102
Spitze des Basissegmentes
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103
Achsenzylinder des Basissegmentes
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105
Aufnahmefläche der Segmente (Basissegment und Stielsegment)
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106
Bohrung des Stielsegmentes
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110
Eröffnungsbohrung
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130
Markkanalachse
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200
Schulter der Prothese
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300
Konus der Prothese
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50
Schubanker
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Schraubenkopf
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Unterlegscheibe
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Konus Mutter
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60
Zugankerschraube
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Zuggurtung
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71
Bohrung in der Schulter der Prothese für Zuggurtung
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104
Übergangssegment zwischen lateraler Portion und medialer Portion des Prothesenquerschnittes im metaphysären Segment
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Konvex-konkav-konvexe Schwingung der dorsalen Mantelfläche
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Metaphysäres Segment, laterale Portion
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Metaphysäres Segment, mediale Portion
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Konvexe Krümmung der ventralen Mantelfläche
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Bohrung entlang der Kanalachse im lateralen Segment
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Schubankerbohrkanal
Abb. 03 Modularsystem NPS in ein Femur projiziert
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100
Stielsegmente
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100.1
Metaphysäres Segment
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100.2
Diaphysäres Mittelsegment
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100.3
Basissegment
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03/
101
Offset = Markkanalachse-Rotationszentrum
Abb.
03/
102
Spitze des Basissegmentes
Abb.
03/
103
Achsenzylinder des Basissegmentes
Abb.
03/
105
Aufnahmefläche der Segmente (Basissegment und Stielsegment)
Abb.
03/
106
Bohrung des Stielsegmentes
Abb.
03/
110
Eröffnungsbohrung
Abb.
03/
130
Markkanalachse
Abb.
03/
200
Schulter der Prothese
Abb.
03/
300
Konus der Prothese
Abb.
03/
50
Schubanker
Abb.
03/
51
Schraubenkopf
Abb.
03/
54
Unterlegscheibe
Abb.
03/
55
Konus Mutter
Abb.
03/
60
Zugankerschraube
Abb.
03/
70
Zuggurtung
Abb.
03/
71
Bohrung in der Schulter der Prothese für Zuggurtung

Claims (15)

1. Femurkomponente eines künstlichen Hüftgelenkes für die zementfreie oder zementierte Revisionsoperation oder Primäroperation, durch folgende Merkmale ausgezeichnet:
der Stiel ist ein- oder mehrteilig ausgebildet,
der Stiel besteht aus einem dorsolateralen zylindrischen Baustein, welcher axial zur Markkanalachse ausgerichtet ist, massiv oder hohl sein kann und fest oder montierbar mit einem ein- oder mehrteiligen anatomischen metaphysären Segment verbunden ist, welcher kegelförmig medial exzentrisch aufgebaut ist,
die proximale metaphysäre Komponente, die über einem Schaft-Konus Übergang (Schulter) den Konus für die zentrische oder exzentrische Kopfaufnahme trägt.
2. Femurkomponente nach Anspruch (1) so ausgebildet, daß die zylindrische Komponente als durchgehende Konstruktionsachse dorsal exzentrisch die im Querschnitt nierenförmigen metaphysären Komponenten über eine vollständig oder nicht geschlossene Bohrung aufnimmt und diese ein- oder mehrteilig ausgebildet sind.
3. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) und (2) so konstruiert, daß die Femurstielachse mit der Femurkanalachse zusammenfällt und in der Frontalebene die Collum-Centrumsachse mit der Diaphysenachse (CCD-Winkel) einen Winkel zwischen 125° und 145°, in aller Regel 135°, einschließt und in der axialen Aufsicht einen Winkel zwischen Diaphyse und der Schenkelhalsachse, einen sogenannten Antetorsionswinkel zwischen 5° und 15°, in aller Regel 7°, umschließt.
4. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (3) so gestaltet, daß die Ventralfläche axial konvex und nach ventral in der Weise konkav gekrümmt ist, daß der Krümmungsmittelpunkt ventral liegt und der Krümmungsradius sich nach proximal kontinuierlich verkleinert (Parabel).
5. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (4) so konstruiert, daß die mediale Mantelfläche axial konvex und entlang der medialen Kontur konkav gekrümmt ist und zwar in der Weise, daß der Mantelkrümmungsmittelpunkt medial liegt und sein Radius sich nach proximal kontinuierlich verkleinert (Parabel).
6. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (5) so konstruiert, dass die dorsale Mantelfläche des Stieles um die Achse herum proximal von lateral nach medial konvex-konkav-konvex gekrümmt ist in Form eines Wellenschlages oder einer gerundeten "3" mit asymmetrischen Schenkeln und gerundetem Übergang.
7. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (6) so beschaffen, dass die laterale Mantelfläche weitgehend geradlinig, zylinderförmig oder konisch, nach proximal ausladend oder walzenförmig nach lateral ausladend konstruiert ist.
8. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (7) so beschaffen, dass die Ventralfläche und/oder Medialfläche und/oder Dorsalfläche und/oder Lateralfläche durch coaxial ausgerichtete Längswülste strukturiert ist (sind).
9. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (8) so konstruiert, dass der Stiel über eine Schulterkomponente (Kopf-Hals-Stiel-Übergang) in den Konus übergeht, der als modulares System verschiedene Köpfe zentrisch oder exzentrisch aufnehmen kann und der für die Aufnahme einer Zuggurtung eine zentrale Bohrung aufweisen kann.
10. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (9) so beschaffen, daß der Konus axial oder coaxial oder schräg gebohrt ist für die Aufnahme einer Zuggurtung oder Zugschraube, oder die Schulter weitere Bohrungen für die Aufnahme von weiteren Zuggurtungen mit Drähten oder Seilen und/oder Schub-/zugstangen und/oder Zugschrauben aufweist.
11. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (10) so beschaffen, dass der Konus zwischen 2° und 9°, in aller Regel um 5°, in der Weise aufgerichtet ist, dass sich der CCD-Winkel nicht verändert und auch das Offset unverändert bleibt, die Achse des Konus sich jedoch in die laterodorsale Zirkumferenz des kompakten Femurs projiziert 2 cm-4 cm unterhalb des Tuberculum innominatum.
12. Schulterkomponente nach Anspruch (10) so beschaffen, daß in mehreren Etagen Bohrungen für die Aufnahme von Zuggurtungen zur dorsalen, lateralen und ventralen Femurwand ausgebildet sind.
13. Metaphysäre Komponente nach Ansprüche (10) bis (12) so beschaffen, daß in mehreren Etagen Bohrungen für die Aufnahme von Zuggurtungen zur dorsalen, lateralen und ventralen Femurwand ausgebildet sind.
14. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (13) so beschaffen, dass das Implantat aus Titan, Tantal, CoCrMo oder einer Legierung aus Titan oder Tantal oder aus rostfreiem Stahl hergestellt ist.
15. Femurkomponente nach den Ansprüchen (1) bis (14) so beschaffen, dass die Oberfläche der proximalen Hälfte eine Rauhigkeit von 50-250 µm, vorzugsweise 80-150 µm aufweist.
DE10036984A 2000-07-29 2000-07-29 Modulare Revisionsprothese Withdrawn DE10036984A1 (de)

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DE50113053T DE50113053D1 (de) 2000-07-29 2001-07-27 Modulare Revisionsprothese
AT01118347T ATE373998T1 (de) 2000-07-29 2001-07-27 Modulare revisionsprothese
ES01118347T ES2293950T3 (es) 2000-07-29 2001-07-27 Protesis de revision modular.
EP01118347A EP1175877B1 (de) 2000-07-29 2001-07-27 Modulare Revisionsprothese
US09/919,179 US6770100B2 (en) 2000-07-29 2001-07-30 Modular revision prosthesis

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EP1175877A3 (de) 2003-10-22
EP1175877B1 (de) 2007-09-26
US6770100B2 (en) 2004-08-03
EP1175877A2 (de) 2002-01-30
ATE373998T1 (de) 2007-10-15
ES2293950T3 (es) 2008-04-01
DE50113053D1 (de) 2007-11-08

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