DE102005059177B3 - Assembly to form a nano-dispersion by intensive admixture within chilled chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

A mixer assembly combines water with a solid or another liquid to form a nano-fluid dispersion. The assembly has a housing with an inner tube (11) with a suction flow generator that sets up a rotary vortex. The housing incorporates a cooling assembly that acts on the nano-fluid dispersion. The inner tube discharges to a spray. The vortex is driven by a rotor (14) round a guide cone (101) and rests on an axial magnetic bearing (14wu). Further claimed is an intensive mixing process in which a solid and a liquid are combined to form a nano-dispersion.

Description

The The invention relates to a device for intensive mixing of a liquid and at least one solid or liquid additive according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing a nano-dispersion from a liquid and at least one solid or liquid additive according to the preamble of claim 34.

It Devices are known in which a liquid-additive mixture intensive is mixed to produce a dispersion. In the dispersion it is a mixture of at least two substances which not or hardly dissolve into each other or chemically with each other connect. A dispersion of two or more liquids is also referred to as emulsion, a dispersion of liquid and solid as a suspension. The particles of the additive should thereby to take such a size that she with the liquid form a dispersion over longer periods, for example, a year, retains its properties. there For example, particles in the nanometer range which are incorporated into those of the water molecules formed matrix and in this way neither flocculate still clumping.

EP 0 134 890 B1 describes an apparatus in which a colloidal particle additive in a downwardly tapered container with guide means attached to the inner wall is caused to undergo a vortex flow by gravity. It is further provided to return the exiting at the bottom of the container dispersion to the filling opening of the container and to go through several mixing circuits.

The DE 37 38 223 C2 describes a device for intensive mixing of liquids or a liquid-solid mixture in which a rotor circulates the dispersion, mixes and comminutes the solid particles. As a rotor, a propeller is preferably provided, whose operating speed is in the range of 6,000 U / min. At such high speeds, cavitation can occur on the propeller blades.

task It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved device and to provide a method for producing a nano-dispersion.

to solution The object is a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 34 provided. Further embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention this Task solved with a device for intensive mixing of a liquid and at least one solid or liquid additive to a dispersion, with a closed housing and one in the case arranged drivable sucking circulating device, which is the dispersion in a rotating circulation movement offset, with a rotor with several rotor blades, being in the closed casing stationary during the circulation flowed through by dispersion Innentubus is arranged, which at its upper end a preferably funnel-shaped extended Entry section and at its lower end a preferably bell-shaped having extended exit section, wherein in the upper section of the housing Deflection vanes are arranged in the inlet section of the Inside tube protrude and in the lower section of the housing in the Region of the outlet portion of the inner tube of the rotor arranged is provided, it being provided that in Interior of the inner tube, an outlet end of a spray device is arranged and that the housing with a vacuum pump is connected.

The The object is further achieved by a method for producing a nano-dispersion from a liquid and at least one solid or liquid additive dissolved, wherein the dispersion thus formed in a closed rotationally symmetric Casing, having a rotationally symmetrical inner tube, with a formed with a rotor circulation device in a circuit in the interior of the inner tube in a rotating vortex from above flowing downstairs and in the space between the outer wall the inner tube and inner wall of the housing in a rotating vortex is circulated in a reverse direction from bottom to top, wherein the dispersion in a first cycle section, in the it cooperates with a first section of the rotor, is homogenized, wherein the rotational speed of the rotor is set so that the cluster structures of the additive and / or the carrier liquid are broken up by cavitation, the Direction of rotation of the dispersion in a downstream second cycle section is reversed, it being provided that above the dispersion, a gas pressure smaller than the atmospheric Pressure is set, and that the Additive in the first cycle section or in the upstream adjacent Circulation section is sprayed under pressure.

The device according to the invention is thus characterized in that the housing is connected to a vacuum pump and so on the dispersion, a gas pressure is less than the atmospheric atmospheric pressure formed. The reduced gas pressure ensures that physically dispersed gas is expelled from the dispersion, which is removed by means of the vacuum pump. These include propellant, with which the additive is sprayed into the carrier liquid. Dissolved gases, such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, can affect the quality detrimental effect of the dispersion by causing undesired chemical reactions or dissolving in the dispersion. The proposed degassing of the dispersion further improves the long-term stability of the dispersion.

Because the rotational speed of the rotor is very high, occurs at the edges the rotor blades Cavitation. Cavitation is an effect that occurs in moving fluids is observed when the hydrostatic pressure in the moving liquid locally drops to a value which is approximately the vapor pressure of the liquid equivalent. It then forms small bubbles filled with steam, those with the pouring liquid after all in areas higher Pressure come and collapse there. In the bladder implosion arise inside the bubble and in their immediate vicinity high pressure peaks, for example, the breaking up of the clusters of the additive and / or the carrier liquid support. The proposed application of vacuum, the onset of Cavitation be influenced within certain limits.

Of the Concept of vacuum pump closes any type of pumps that are capable of controlling the gas pressure over the Lower dispersion. When adjusting the gas pressure is too note that the Boiling point of the dispersion depends on the gas pressure over the dispersion, so that this Gas over the dispersion finally in its composition may correspond to the vapor phase of the carrier liquid.

It can in preferred embodiments be provided that on the upper end portion of the housing opposite the rotor a connecting piece the vacuum pump engages and / or a connection piece of the vacuum pump therein empties. Because the volume of the connecting piece acts as a dead volume, may preferably be provided, the connecting piece compact, i. with short length and small diameter. However, it is important to make sure that the connecting piece is not acts as a throttle, which hinders the gas flow.

Further can be provided that the suction of the connecting piece in the gas space above the liquid level the dispersion is arranged.

In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the suction port of the connecting branch arranged in the region of the inner wall of the housing is, preferably directly in the inner wall of the housing as Mouth opening formed is. In this way, the distance between the suction port and the surface of the liquid level be maximized.

It can be provided that downstream before the suction opening the vacuum pump is a liquid separator and / or a gas dryer is arranged. With increasing pressure takes the proportion of the vapor phase of the carrier liquid in the gas space above the Dispersion too, so that too Condensate in the connecting piece can form, which can get into the further in the vacuum pump. The liquid separator and / or the gas dryer are to be provided, if it is the vacuum pump is not a pump that is insensitive to condensate is, such as a water jet pump.

In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the connecting piece is formed with a pressure sensor. It may alternatively be provided be that the Vacuum pump has such a sensor.

It can be provided that it the pressure sensor is a pressure gauge.

Further can be provided that it the pressure sensor is a sensor, at its output one for an electronic pressure control and / or pressure control suitable Signal is output. It may be, for example, a act analog standard signal, about a stream unit signal 4 to 20 mA.

in the Regard to the manifold Ways that Computer for which can provide control, regulation, display and documentation it is preferable to be a digital output signal. But it can be provided that the Computer formed with an interface card with analog input is.

at The sensor can also be the manometer mentioned above act, for example, with one or more switch contacts can be trained and in this way very simply a digital one Output signal can provide, namely switching contact "open" or switch contact "closed".

Further can be provided that between the suction of the connecting piece and the suction port the vacuum pump is a check valve is arranged, which the gas path between the suction port of the connecting branch and the suction port the vacuum pump closes, when the downstream behind the check valve trained pressure greater than the upstream in front of the check valve trained pressure is. The check valve may be provided, for example, in case of failure of the vacuum pump while of dispersing quality losses as a result of the then possible To avoid pressure equalization.

It can be provided that the Gas pressure over the dispersion is adjusted in the range of 500 hPa to 0.1 hPa. The normal pressure for Gases is at 0 ° C 1013.25 hPa, a new definition foresees 1000 hPa at 25 ° C. It is a so-called Provided rough vacuum, the pressure values between 1000 and 1 hPa have can.

Preferably can be provided that the Gas pressure over the dispersion is adjusted in the range from 400 hPa to 50 hPa.

Yet more preferably, it can be provided that the gas pressure above the Dispersion is adjusted in the range of 250 hPa to 100 hPa.

It can be provided that the Gas pressure over the dispersion is kept constant.

It can be further provided that the gas pressure above the Dispersion after a time-dependent Function is controlled and / or regulated.

In a further advantageous embodiment can be provided that the Gas pressure over the dispersion in dependence from the material composition of the dispersion, in particular the carrier liquid, controlled and / or regulated.

Further can be provided that the Gas is dried before entering the vacuum pump, i. from Condensate is released. Condensation can occur when the Intake manifold and / or the vacuum pump a lower temperature has as the interior of the housing.

Further advantageous embodiments are due to the design of the rotor possible.

Of the Rotor preferably has an inner region with rotor blades for Breaking the clusters of carrier liquid and / or the admixed additive. The rotor turns opposite to the Direction of rotation of the swirling dispersion, so that the relative speed between the dispersion and the edges of the rotor blades very much is high and the cavitation described above occurs.

Renewals the rotor blades Now take care in the further downstream section that passes through the wall of the bell-shaped lower portion of the inner tube separated from the inner rotor portion is for the turbulence of the dispersion in the reverse direction and for the Promotion of Dispersion from bottom to top. Because now the flow direction of the dispersion coincides with the direction of movement of the extensions of the rotor blades, the relative velocity between the rotor and the dispersion decreases. It can ideally go to zero.

By the division of the rotor into two areas is the rotor both for the effective disruption of the clusters of the additive and / or the carrier liquid as well as for the promotion the dispersion can be optimized. The training of extensions can to the viscosity the liquid and adapted to the rotor speed. Next can advantageously the vortex velocity of the inner and outer vertebra are relatively independent changed and so influence the optimal distribution of the nanoparticles obtained from the additive in the liquid be taken. If the liquid is water, the Nanoparticles are incorporated into the matrix of water so that one particular durable dispersion is formed. In this case, the shape of the rotor blades so chosen they will the oncoming liquid only a low flow resistance offers and therefore the relative velocity of the liquid not significantly reduced to the rotor, so that behind the rotor blades supercavitation can train. Supercavitation is training a coherent one Cavitation area behind the streamed body.

In A further advantageous embodiment provides that the extensions of the rotor are designed as rotor blades, which are in the annulus between the outer wall of the bell-shaped Extend portion of the inner tube and the inner wall of the housing. Due to the design of the blades, the promotion the dispersion can be optimized, i.a. with the goal of energy expenditure therefor to minimize.

It can be provided that the Rotor blades on the rotor adjustable and / or interchangeable attached are. This is especially beneficial when dispersions of liquids different viscosity to be produced. About that can out the blades easy to wear change.

As already stated above, intended to be within the bell-shaped section of the inner tube Rotor blades arranged in the first section of the rotor preferably low flow resistance to have. For this purpose, it can be provided that the leading edges of the rotor blades are knife-shaped are. With this design of the rotor blades is further achieved, that the Cavitation only begins at the trailing edge of the rotor blades, at which the flow breaks off. cavitation in the area of the surface the rotor blades is undesirable, because they are too elevated Wear the rotor blades leads, the increased Maintenance costs caused as well as particles released from the rotor as unwanted impurities enter into the dispersion.

at preferred embodiments is provided that helical and / or planar guidance devices on the inner wall of the housing and / or on the outer wall the inner tube and / or arranged on the inner wall of the inner tube are.

The on the inner wall of the housing and / or the outer wall the inner tube and / or arranged on the inner wall of the inner tube helical and / or flat Support guidance devices the vortex formation of the dispersion and can especially in the edge area the vortex be effective. The flat Guiding devices can be designed as baffles, preferably streamlined. With the slope and the direction of the helical and / or flat Guiding devices are further possibilities of influencing the final quality of the dispersion given.

It can be provided that the on the inner wall of the housing and the helical guides arranged on the inner wall of the inner tube have a gear direction, the same direction or in opposite directions to the direction the on the outer wall the inner tube arranged helical and / or planar guide is. In this way, the energy of the rotating dispersion vortex be reduced inside and concentrated on the outer area in which he meets the rotor blades.

Further can be provided that the Gear direction of the arranged on the inner wall of the inner tube helical and / or plane Guide the flowing in the inner container from top to bottom dispersion stream follows. The guiding devices can extending continuously on the respective walls or but only in sections, so formed with interruptions be

Further can be provided that the Direction of rotation of the rotor of the direction of rotation of the flowing in the inner tube dispersion stream is opposite. By this countercurrent principle, the relative speed effectively increased between the dispersion stream and the rotor blades, so that one high energy is introduced into the dispersion stream. The amount of energy input is also determined by the cavitation described above. By reducing the size of the additive particles during production the dispersion increases the phase interface between the two phases. In this case, the interfacial tension must be overcome and a new interface be created. This requires work that is mechanical in the System is introduced. By occurring shear forces are the particles get smaller and smaller.

What the cross-sectional shape of the guide means, it may preferably be optimized experimentally. For example, it may be a helically wound Act element having, for example, a cross-sectional profile, such as it from aircraft wings is known. But it can also be provided, the guide be impressed in the corresponding walls, where appropriate, the Wall designed as a double wall may be, such as the wall of the inner tube, the guide devices may have in opposite gear direction.

at preferred embodiments is provided that the Exit end of the spray device within the inner tube preferably in the interior of the preferably bell Outlet end of the inner tube is arranged.

It can further be provided that the outlet end the spray device designed as a arranged in the region of the hub of the rotor spray head Here the relative velocity of the vortex is low.

In A further embodiment may be provided that the spray device an axially guided in the rotor Has supply line. But the supply line to the spray device can also outside the hub of the rotor may be arranged, for example, as one along the Axle of the inner container extending supply line or as a the wall of the inner tube by cross Supply line.

Further can be provided that the spray device as a supply line has a capillary tube, in the central axis the inner tube is arranged, wherein the outlet end of the capillary tube in lower end of the upper third of the inner tube is arranged.

In A further advantageous embodiment provides that the spray device as a ring nozzle is trained. This ring nozzle For example, in the upper part of the bell-shaped section be arranged of the inner tube. By training as a ring nozzle can the additive over a big area be introduced distributed.

It can further be provided that the spraying device engages through the region of the inner tube adjacent to the bell-shaped section of the inner tube. In this way, the additive can be sprayed in particular in the outer region of the rotating vortex of the dispersion, in which the vortex a particularly high relative velocity to the outlet openings of the spray device has. The spray device can be formed, for example, from spray heads, which are distributed in one or more superimposed rows on the circumference of the inner container. But it can also be provided one or more superimposed annular nozzles.

With the positioning of the outlet opening of the sprayer can depend on from the consistency of the additive such an arrangement can be found in which it is particularly effectively avoided that the added Additive clumped or flocculated.

Preferably is provided that the spray device with a storage container for the additive connected is. But it can also be provided that the additive For example, by hand, for example by means of a syringe is supplied.

The sprayer can next to the or the spray heads a Dosing pump, valves and a compressed gas tank with reducing valve include. The sprayer can be designed to be can be connected to a computer and that way in a computer-controlled sequence program is einbindbar.

In an advantageous embodiment it is provided that the first Section of the rotor has an average peripheral speed of> 50 m / s. Under This condition forms behind the rotor blades Supercavitation.

In a further embodiment may be provided that a in the upper section of the housing arranged filler neck is connected to a low pressure distillation plant. In low-pressure distillation plants continues the evaporation of the liquid already at temperatures below the boiling point at normal pressure because of the over the liquid arranged gas space a pressure below the atmospheric Pressure has. Especially under low pressure distilled water is as a carrier liquid the dispersion advantageous, as empirical experiments have shown.

It can be provided that in the supply lines and / or in the discharges of the housing sensors are arranged.

In an advantageous embodiment may be provided that in the Supply lines and / or arranged in the discharge lines of the housing flow sensors are. From the signals of a flow sensor, for example including the filling time the capacity be determined. The sensors can Be part of a controller, for example, by means of a computer accomplished can be. The computer can besides the evaluation of the signals and the control of actuators, such as valves, the entire program flow for the Control the preparation of the dispersion. In addition, he may malfunction detect and, if necessary, an emergency shutdown of the device trigger.

Further can be provided that at the housing a level sensor is arranged. The level sensor For example, instead of a flow sensor may be preferred because he the level in the case directly displays.

In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the lower Section of the housing surrounded by a device that has a magnetic field and / or a forms electrostatic field. This device can, for example for dispersions Be advantageous on the basis of water, because water molecules as dipoles are formed, which are in magnetic and / or electrical Align fields. The properties of the fields must be lacking determined theories can be empirically determined.

It may advantageously be provided that at least the lower portion of the housing and / or the inner tube electrically non-conductive and / or nichtmagnetisierbar is trained. So can the fields mentioned act freely on the dispersion.

In a further embodiment may be provided that the device is alignably mounted in the magnetic field of the earth. In this way the device can be placed in such a position, the for the Forming a dispersion made with water as a dispersant optimal.

It is provided that the Rotational speed of the rotor and / or the gas pressure over the dispersion and / or the temperature of the dispersion can be adjusted and / or regulated or will. These process control variables can be required supplemented by more be, for example, by magnetic or electric field quantities, such as described above. The regulation of process variables is crucial for compliance the quality the dispersion and its long-term stability.

It can be provided that the first section of the rotor has a mean peripheral speed of> 50 m / s.

It can further be provided that the additive is provided with a metering device and then sprayed by means of a pressurized propellant gas. The additive is generally small amounts of material, which are removed from a reservoir and the Sprayer be supplied.

advantageously, is provided that as a propellant gas an inert gas is used. The inert gas is a gas that is chemically inert, i. that not or only very slowly with other substances enters chemical compounds. Preferably, technical nitrogen, even more preferably pure nitrogen be provided as an inert gas. As an inert gas can Next noble gases, such as helium, argon, krypton or xenon provided be. The promotion of Additive by means of a propellant gas is preferred because the Volume of in the liquid sprayed Additivs is generally much smaller than the volume of the connecting line between the sprayer and the reservoir. So if only a metering pump or similar. in connection with a shut-off valve is provided, remains after completion of the dosage a not insignificant Rest of the additive in the connecting line and can during the Mixing uncontrolled wholly or partially get into the dispersion. As an alternative to the propellant may be provided, the metering pump and to arrange the shut-off valve directly on the spray device.

As already mentioned above, can be provided that it with the liquid is distilled water at low temperature. It may be but also one prepared or made out under other conditions natural Source water originate when used as a liquid for the production of Dispersion of water is provided. The decision is according to the intended use of the dispersion.

Further can be provided that the liquid before filling in the case is tempered. The temperature of the liquid can be so chosen be that the Temperature increase, the dispersion due to the registered mechanical work and / or the ambient temperature of the device learns considered is. In such a case, can be described on the above Temperature control can be dispensed with.

The The device according to the invention described above is characterized by a simple structure and is designed so that for the production a long-term stable nano-dispersion necessary parameters adjustable and are controllable. The emulsions prepared with the device are characterized by the fact that they are long-term stable without the use of emulsifiers and the additives as a nano-droplet in the liquid are distributed homogeneously. The suspensions made with the device are also characterized by long-term stability and homogeneously distributed Nano particles out.

The Invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it

1 a schematic summary of the device according to the invention and associated with her devices;

2 a sectional view of the device in 1 ;

3 a schematic representation of the flow conditions in the device in 1 ;

4 a sectional view of the device in 1 with modified spray device;

5 a perspective sectional view of the lower portion of a slightly modified embodiment of the device 1 ;

6 a perspective view of the rotor of the device in 5 ,

The 1 shows a device 1 for intensive mixing of a liquid and at least one liquid or solid additive into a dispersion. The 2 shows the device 1 in enlarged and detailed representation.

The device 1 has a closed rotationally symmetrical housing 10 in which a rotationally symmetrical inner tube 11 is arranged centrically. In the area of the lower dome-shaped section of the open at both ends of the inner tube 11 is a rotor 14 arranged. The rotor 14 has rotor blades in its radially inner section 14b and rotor blades at its radially outer portion 14s on, which extend perpendicular to the radial plane. The rotor 14 is arranged so that the rotor blades extend radially and the dome-shaped portion of the inner tube 11 embrace so that the rotor blades 14s in the area between the inner wall of the housing 10 and the outer wall of the dome-shaped portion of the inner tube 11 engage while the rotor blades 14b in the interior of the dome-shaped section of the inner tube 11 are arranged.

A preferred embodiment of the rotor is in 6 shown in more detail and will be described in detail in the present description.

As in the 1 and 2 recognizable, is the rotor 14 with the output shaft of an engine 15 connected. It may advantageously be a variable speed electric motor.

The housing 10 is in the in 1 and 2 illustrated embodiment in three parts executed and in a main section 10h , a head section 10k and a foot section 10f divided. The end sections of the sections 10k . 10h . 10f are connected with ring flanges, the distributed around the circumference releasable connections 10v exhibit. In the in 1 and 2 illustrated embodiment, the releasable connections are performed with cylinder screws. However, it may be advantageously provided to perform the compounds as quick-release connections to the housing 10 easy to open for maintenance. As in 1 and 2 indicated, the annular flanges are screwed together via an annular sealing disc, so that the housing 10 is designed as a liquid-tight and gas-tight housing.

The head section 10k is formed substantially dome-shaped. It has a centric connection piece 10kv for connecting a vacuum pump 12 on. Into the supply line to the vacuum pump 12 is a three-way valve 12v inserted, which in one position, the vacuum pump with the interior of the housing 10 connects, and in the other position the interior of the housing 10 preferably connects with the outside air via an air filter. The vacuum pump 12 Can set a negative pressure in the gas space above the liquid, which can favor the occurrence of the cavitation described below. Before emptying the housing 10 is the three-way valve 12v to adjust so that the interior of the housing 10 is connected to the outside air, ie the negative pressure is released.

At the designated vacuum pump 12 In the simplest case it can be a water jet pump. For higher demands on the vacuum water jet pump is not usable.

The connecting piece 10kv or the supply line to the vacuum pump can be equipped with a pressure sensor 12s be connected, which may be, for example, a manometer. The manometer may have limit contacts, so that it can also be used as a binary signal generator for the regulation and / or control of the gas pressure over the dispersion. It is also possible to provide a non-indicating pressure sensor which emits an analog or digital output signal and is advantageously connected to a display device and / or registration device and / or regulating device.

The head section 10k further has a filler neck 10ke on that with the exit of a distillation plant 13 connected is. The distillation unit may be, for example, a low-pressure distillation unit. The in the 1 schematically illustrated distillation plant includes all the facilities that are needed to at the exit of the distillation plant 13 To provide a liquid with a predetermined temperature. The liquid may preferably be water, from which an emulsion is prepared by admixing a liquid additive or a suspension by admixing a solid additive. As generic term "dispersion" is used in the following: In the supply line of the distillation plant 13 is a shut-off valve 13v inserted.

Inside the head section 10k are stationary turning vanes 10u arranged, whose training and function will be explained in more detail below.

The main section 10h is formed as a slightly constricted in the middle section circular cylinder. The exact course of its lateral surface is suitably determined by experiments. It is inter alia dependent on the design of the lateral surface of the housing 10 and to be such that the flow pattern of the dispersion in the annulus between the outer wall of the Innentubus 11 and the inner wall of the housing 10 is optimized.

The foot section 10f of the housing 10 is formed substantially toroidal with the interior of the toroid for receiving the bearing of the rotor 14 and for fixing the engine 15 is determined. The execution of this constructive detail is in the 2 only hinted. It is essentially dependent on the embodiment of the engine 15 , It is necessary to provide at least one gas- and liquid-tight rotor bearing.

The foot section 10f is with a drain pipe 10fa provided, which is arranged approximately at the lowest portion of the foot section, so that the finished dispersion can flow freely and completely.

The drain pipe 10fa is with interposition of a shut-off valve 16v with a collection container 16 connected to the intermediate storage of the housing 10 taken dispersion is determined.

The device 1 is on with a storage container 17 connected to provide the additive. The storage tank 17 has at its output via a metering pump 17d , with the interposition of a three-way valve 17v with a spraying device 18 connected is. The connecting pipe between three-way valve 17v and spray device 18 passes through the wall of the housing 10 , as in 2 shown purely schematically. The actual course of the connecting line in the housing is to be set so that the flow conditions in the housing are not adversely affected. In 1 Such a course is shown, in which the connecting line in the upper portion of the hous It is inserted and then on the outside of the inner tube 11 to the spray device 18 is guided.

The spraying device 18 is in the in 1 and 2 illustrated embodiment designed as an annular nozzle, which at the upper edge of origin of the bell-shaped portion of the inner tube 11 is arranged. Alternatively or additionally, one or more spray devices may be provided elsewhere. For example, the spray device may be formed as a spray head and over the center of the rotor 14 be arranged. There may also be other spraying devices 18 be designed as annular nozzles and / or as spray heads, upstream of the bell-shaped portion of the inner tube 11 are arranged.

The three-way valve 17v is further with a compressed gas tank 19 connected, whose output via a gas pressure regulator 19r is guided. At the gas pressure regulator 19r For example, it can also be a reducing valve designed as a needle valve. The compressed gas tank 19 is provided to the means of an inert gas under pressure, such as nitrogen, or by means of a noble gas with the metering pump 17d supplied additive of the spray device 18 supply and completely empty the supply line. Since the additive is a small amount, it must be ensured that no residues of the additive remain in the feed line. It may also be provided to use a different compressed gas, but the compressed gas must not chemically react with either the dispersant or with the additive or form a solution. The pressurized gas CO ₂ used for beverages, for example, is both chemically and physically soluble in water and therefore unsuitable as a pressurized gas.

3 now shows a schematic representation of the flow conditions in the apparatus described above 1 , in the following description also in in 2 shown positions.

The dispersion is in the inner tube 11 from top to bottom through the rotor 14 sucked in and out into the annulus between inner tube 11 and inner wall of the housing 10 promoted. The rotor blades 14s promote the dispersion in the designated annulus from bottom to top, passing through the turning vanes 10u deflected flows back into the inner tube.

The dispersion forms in the device 1 an internal fluid swirl 30i and a centrally disposed around this outer fluid vortex 30a , Both vortexes are helical circular vortexes with opposite directions of flow. The two fluid swirls 30i . 30a are through the wall of the inner tube 11 separated from each other. The outer fluid vortex 30a is through the rotor blades 14s Viewed from above on the fluid vortex in the illustrated embodiment in a clockwise direction in a rotating movement. In 3 is just a rotor blade 14s shown at an extension at the end of the rotor blade 14b is arranged. As in 2 to recognize the shaping of the vortex flow through a on the inner wall of the housing 10 arranged guide 10l supported, which runs in a helical line.

One on the outside wall of the inner tube 11 arranged outer guide 11La is also helical, but with a direction of gear, which is in the same direction to the direction of the guide described above 10l is trained. In this way, the rising outer fluid swirl becomes 30a from the outer wall of the inner container 11 detached, this effect is supported by the centrifugal force acting on the fluid vortex.

The outer fluid vortex 30a meets in the upper section of the case 10 on the turning vanes 10u - in 3 only one turning vane is shown - and is offset by these in an opposite direction of rotation, whereby the internal fluid vortex 30i is trained. The inner fluid vortex 30i therefore rotates counterclockwise. For the formation of the inner fluid vortex 30i is an inner guide 11Li provided on the inner wall of the inner container 11 is arranged and which is formed with the same direction of movement as the arranged on the inner wall of the housing guide 10l ,

The guiding devices 10l . 11La . 11Li are in the in 2 illustrated embodiment of a helically coiled strip material formed, for example, a sheet metal strip, with the wall of the housing 10 or with the inner wall or with the outer wall of the inner tube 11 connected is. The guide devices can also be integral with the wall of the housing 10 and / or with the inner wall or with the outer wall of the inner tube 11 be formed, for example, be embossed. When the diffusers into the wall of the inner tube 11 can be embossed, advantageously a double wall for the inner tube 11 be provided so that overlaps between the guide devices 11La and 11Li are avoided.

The cross section of the guiding devices 10l . 11La . 11Li is not limited to the band-shaped cross-section. The cross section may be selected due to production, but it can also be functional Be designed aspects.

A further design options is through the pitch and / or the flight depth of the helical guide, reducing the number of superimposed rotating vortex and / or the depth of action of the guide variable are.

The inner fluid vortex meets in the bell-shaped lower portion of the inner tube 11 on the rotating with opposite direction of rotation rotor blades 14b of the rotor 14 , This is due to the high relative speed between the rotor blade 14b and the internal fluid swirl 30i behind the rotor blade 14b a cavitation zone 14k out. Cavitation is an effect observed in moving liquids when the hydrostatic pressure in the moving liquid drops locally to a value approximately equal to the vapor pressure of the liquid. It then forms small bubbles filled with vapor, which eventually reach the areas of higher pressure with the flowing liquid and collapse there. Bladder implosion creates high pressure peaks in the interior of the bladder and in its immediate vicinity, which very significantly assist in breaking up the clusters of the additive and / or the carrier fluid. The rotor blade 14b is due to a low flow resistance and the occurrence of cavitation only at the rear edge of the rotor blade 14b , the so-called tear-off edge, optimized. An essential goal of the optimization is the occurrence of supercavitation behind the rotor blade 14b , causing the clusters to break up mainly. The blade-shaped leading edge of the rotor blade 14b has only a small share in breaking up the clusters.

The rotor blades 14b are designed to form a dispersion sucking propeller.

As in 3 to recognize, is behind the cavitation zone 14k the direction of rotation of the fluid vortex 30i The dispersion is then deflected, as described above, through the rotor blades 14s is set in rotation again.

By reversing the direction of rotation twice in fluid vortices 30a . 30i moved dispersion and the breaking of the clusters of the additive and / or the carrier liquid by supercavitation a particularly homogeneous and long-term stable dispersion is obtained, which is further characterized by a low scattering value of the particle size of the additive.

In 1 and 2 is an example of a level sensor 20 shown, the level in the housing 10 with the rotor at rest 14 displays. It is in this embodiment, a commercially available float level sensor. When the control and regulation of the device 1 and the components connected to it can be further in the 1 and 2 not shown sensors may be provided, for example, pressure, temperature, flow and quantity sensors.

The 4 now shows a device 1 as they are in 1 and 2 is shown with a modified spray device 18 ' , At the spraying device 18 ' it is a capillary tube, which has a low internal volume because of its small inner diameter and is so well adapted to the small volume of the additive to be dosed. The central axis of the spray device 18 ' coincides with the central axis of the inner tube 11 together. It is thus arranged in the "eye" of the fluid swirl, ie, the additive is metered into a region of low flow velocity in this exemplary embodiment, the upper section of the spray device passing through the head section 10k , wherein it can be provided that it is angled there and therefore adjacent to the connecting piece 10kv for the vacuum pump, the wall of the head section 10k be upheld. The spraying device 18 ' opens at the lower end of the upper third of the inner tube 11 ,

The 5 and 6 Now show a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, which differs from the device 1 in execution details of the rotor and the lower portion of the inner tube differs.

5 shows the lower portion of the device 1 that have a modified inner tube 51 has, whose lower portion is formed as a truncated cone, which merges into a circular cylinder. Otherwise, the inner tube is 51 in again 1 and 2 illustrated inner tube 11 executed. The inner tube 51 can be easier to manufacture because its lower section is composed of simple geometric bodies.

In 5 the guide devices and the metering device are not shown. However, it may be provided on one or more of the above-mentioned guide devices 10l . 11La . 11Li to dispense, but the metering device is indispensable.

6 shows the rotor 14 , its rotor blades 14b form a four-bladed propeller. In the in 6 illustrated embodiment, the leading edge of the rotor blade 14b slightly rounded. But it can also be provided that it is designed as a blade-shaped edge. When designing the leading edge of the rotor blade 14b is a compromise miß to find between optimal cavitation and service life of the rotor blades.

The rotor blades 14s are formed as rectangular plates whose front in one of radius vector and axis of rotation of the rotor 14 spanned level runs.

The rotor blade 14s penetrates the recording 14a , which is about the recording 14a protruding portions of the rotor blade 14s in the 4 illustrated embodiment are about the same size. The recording 14a is penetrated by two threaded holes, in each of which retractable mounting screws are screwed, between the rotor blade 14s and the recording 14a make a positive connection. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous when the replacement of the rotor blades is provided. In this way, for example, the formation of the rotor blades can be optimized by trial series. But it can also be provided a one-piece design of the rotor.

About 7 kW of the rotor can be introduced into the dispersion in preferred exemplary embodiments. The housing 10 may have a receiving volume of 35 l and in the illustrated embodiment has a diameter of about 300 mm and a height of about 670 mm.

Preferably when the dispersant is water, the molecules are formed as dipoles and in a magnetic and / or can align electric field and / or electromagnetic field, means for Generating such fields be provided, preferably in the field of the bell-shaped Section of the inner tube can be arranged. Then can advantageously be further provided, the housing and the inner tube of nonconductive and / or nonmagnetizable To train material. It may alternatively be provided on means to forego field generation and the device in the terrestrial Align the magnetic field.

1

contraption for mixing

10

casing

10f

foot section

10fa

drain fittings

10h

main section

10k

head section

10ke

filler pipe

10kv

connecting branch for vacuum pump

10l

guide

10u

turning vane

10v

connection

11

inner tube

11La

outer guide

11Li

inner guide

12

vacuum pump

12s

pressure sensor

12v

Three-way valve

13

distillation plant

13v

shut-off valve

14

rotor

14a

Mounting for rotor blade 14s

14b

rotor blade

14k

cavitation zone

14s

rotor blade

14v

connecting element

15

engine

16

Clippings

16v

shut-off valve

17

reservoir

17d

metering

17v

Three-way valve

18

sprayer

18 '

sprayer

19

Compressed gas containers

19r

Gas pressure regulator

20

level sensor

30a

external fluid swirl

30i

internal liquid vortex

51

inner tube

Claims (48)

Device for intensively mixing a liquid and at least one solid or liquid additive into a dispersion, with a closed housing ( 10 ) and one in the housing ( 10 ) arranged drivable sucking circulation device, which sets the dispersion in a rotating circulation movement, with a rotor ( 14 ) with several rotor blades ( 14b ), wherein in the closed housing ( 10 ) stationary a flow in the circulation of dispersion of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) is arranged at its upper end an enlarged inlet portion and at its lower end an extended outlet portion, wherein in the upper portion of the housing ( 10 ) Turning vanes ( 10u ) are arranged in the inlet portion of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 protrude) and in the lower portion of the housing ( 10 ) in the region of the outlet section of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) the rotor ( 14 ), characterized in that in the interior of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) an outlet end of a spray device ( 18 . 18 ' ) is arranged; and that the housing ( 10 ) with a vacuum pump ( 12 ) connected is. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper end portion of the housing ( 10 ) the rotor ( 14 ) opposite one another Connecting piece ( 10kv ) of the vacuum pump ( 12 ) engages and / or a connecting piece ( 10kv ) of the vacuum pump opens therein. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the suction opening of the connecting piece ( 10kv ) is arranged in the gas space above the liquid level of the dispersion. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the suction opening of the connecting piece ( 10kv ) in the region of the inner wall of the housing ( 10 ) is arranged, preferably directly in the inner wall of the housing ( 10 ) is designed as a mouth opening. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that downstream the suction opening the vacuum pump is a liquid separator and / or a gas dryer is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting piece ( 10kv ) is formed with a pressure sensor. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that that it the pressure sensor is a pressure gauge. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that that it the pressure sensor is a sensor, at its output one for one electronic pressure control and / or pressure control suitable signal will spend. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that that am Output of the pressure sensor, a digital signal is output. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the suction opening of the connecting piece ( 10kv ) and the suction opening of the vacuum pump ( 12 ) is arranged a check valve which the gas path between the suction port of the connecting piece ( 10kv ) and the suction opening of the vacuum pump ( 12 ) closes when the pressure formed downstream of the check valve is greater than the pressure formed upstream of the check valve. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor ( 14 ) has extensions in a radially outer section, which extend around the widened outlet section of the inner tube (FIG. 11 . 51 ). Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the extensions of the rotor ( 14 ) as rotor blades ( 14s ) are formed in the annular space between the outer wall of the preferably bell-shaped extended outlet portion of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) and the inner wall of the housing ( 10 protrude). Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the rotor blades ( 14s ) on the rotor ( 14 ) are adjustable and / or interchangeable attached. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the leading edges of the rotor blades ( 14b ) are knife-shaped. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inlet section of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) is funnel-shaped. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet end of the spray device ( 18 . 18 ' ) within the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) preferably in the interior of the preferably bell-shaped outlet end of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet end of the spray device ( 18 . 18 ' ) as one in the region of the hub of the rotor ( 14 ) arranged spray head is formed. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spray device ( 18 . 18 ' ) has an axially guided in the rotor supply line. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spray device ( 18 . 18 ' ) has as a supply line a capillary tube which in the central axis of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ), wherein the outlet end of the capillary tube in the lower end of the upper third of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet end of the spray device ( 18 . 18 ' ) is designed as an annular nozzle. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spray device ( 18 . 18 ' ) with a storage container ( 17 ) for the additive. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that screw benlinienförmige and / or surface guide devices ( 10l . 11La . 11Li ) on the inner wall of the housing ( 10 ) and / or on the outer wall of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) and / or on the inner wall of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that on the inner wall of the housing ( 10 ) and on the inner wall of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) arranged helical guide devices ( 10l . 11Li ) have a gear direction, which in the same direction or in opposite directions to the direction of the arranged on the outer wall of the inner tube helical guide ( 11La ). Device according to Claim 23, characterized in that the direction of movement of the helical guide (10) arranged on the inner wall of the inner tube ( 11Li ) in the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) follows from top to bottom flowing dispersion stream. Apparatus according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the direction of movement of the helical guide ( 11Li ) is formed so that the direction of rotation of the rotor ( 14 ) the direction of rotation of the in the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) is opposite to the flowing dispersion stream. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a in the upper portion of the housing ( 10 ) arranged filler neck ( 10ke ) with a low-pressure distillation plant ( 13 ) connected is. Apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that it is in the low-pressure distillation plant ( 13 ) is a plant for the low pressure distillation of water. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the supply lines and / or in the discharge lines of the housing ( 10 ) Sensors are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that in the supply lines and / or in the discharge lines of the housing ( 10 ) Flow sensors are arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the housing ( 10 ) a level sensor ( 20 ) is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing or a part of the housing, preferably the lower portion of the housing ( 10 ) is surrounded by a device which forms a magnetic field and / or an electric field and / or an electromagnetic field. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that at least the lower portion of the housing ( 10 ) and / or the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) is formed electrically non-conductive and / or non-magnetizable. Apparatus according to claim 31 or 32, characterized that the Device is mounted alignable in the magnetic field of the earth. Process for the preparation of a nano-dispersion from a liquid and at least one solid or liquid additive, preferably using a device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the dispersion thus formed in a closed rotationally symmetrical housing ( 10 ), which has a rotationally symmetrical inner tube ( 11 . 51 ), one with a rotor ( 14 ) circulating in a circuit inside the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) flowing in a rotating vortex from top to bottom and in the space between the outer wall of the inner tube ( 11 . 51 ) and inner wall of the housing ( 10 ) is circulated in a rotating vortex with the reverse direction of rotation flowing from the bottom upwards, wherein the dispersion in a first circuit section in which it is connected to a first section of the rotor ( 14 ) is homogenized, wherein the rotational speed of the rotor ( 14 ) is set so that the cluster structures of the additive and / or the carrier liquid are substantially broken by cavitation, wherein the direction of rotation of the dispersion in a downstream second cycle section is reversed, characterized in that above the dispersion, a gas pressure less than that atmospheric pressure is adjusted, and that the additive in the first cycle section or in the upstream adjacent cycle section is sprayed under pressure. A method according to claim 34, characterized that the Gas pressure over the dispersion is adjusted in the range of 500 hPa to 6 hPa. Process according to claim 35, characterized in that that the Gas pressure over the dispersion is adjusted in the range from 400 hPa to 50 hPa. Method according to Claim 36, characterized that the Gas pressure over the dispersion is adjusted in the range of 250 hPa to 100 hPa. Method according to one of claims 34 to 37, characterized in that the gas pressure over the dispersion is kept constant. Method according to one of Claims 34 to 38, characterized that the Gas pressure over the Dispersion after a time-dependent Function is controlled and / or regulated. Method according to one of claims 34 to 39, characterized that the Gas pressure over the Dispersion in dependence controlled and / or regulated by the material composition of the dispersion becomes. Method according to one of claims 34 to 40, characterized that this Gas is dried before entering the vacuum pump. Method according to one of Claims 34 to 41, characterized in that the rotational speed of the rotor ( 14 ) and / or the temperature of the dispersion can be adjusted and / or regulated. Method according to one of claims 34 to 42, characterized in that the first section of the rotor ( 14 ) has an average peripheral speed of> 50 m / s. Method according to one of Claims 34 to 43, characterized that this Additive provided with a metering device and then by means of one under overpressure sprayed standing propellant gas becomes. Method according to claim 44, characterized in that that as Propellant gas, an inert gas is used. Method according to claim 45, characterized in that that this Propellant is nitrogen. Method according to one of Claims 34 to 46, characterized that it with the liquid is distilled water at low temperature. Method according to one of Claims 34 to 47, characterized in that the liquid is introduced into the housing ( 10 ) is tempered.